JP2015510969A - 原油を処理する、統合された、水素化処理及び流動接触分解 - Google Patents
原油を処理する、統合された、水素化処理及び流動接触分解 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G51/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only
- C10G51/06—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more cracking processes only plural parallel stages only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/70—Catalyst aspects
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、2012年3月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/613,228号、及び2013年3月15日に出願された同第61/789,871号の優先権の利益を主張し、それらは、本出願において参照により援用される。
発明の分野
本発明は、石油化学製品、例えばオレフィン及び芳香族を、原油を含む原料から生成させる、統合された、水素化処理、及び流動接触分解処理に関する。
天然の石油すなわち原油の組成は、多くの要因、主に地理的な起源に基づいて顕著に変動し、特定の地域内でさえも、組成物は変動しうる。原油は精製されて、輸送燃料や石油化学製品原料が生成される。典型的には、輸送用燃料は、原油からの分留留分の処理及び混合により、特定の最終用途の仕様に合致するように生成される。最初の常圧及び/又は真空蒸留の後、留分は、様々な触媒及び非触媒処理により生成物に転換される。
統合された、水素化処理、及びFCC処理、並びにシステムを含む処理フロー概略図を、図1に示す。統合システム100は概して、水素化処理ゾーン110、フラッシュカラム120、二つの下降流反応器130及び140を有する高過酷度FCCゾーン、並びに再生器150を含む。
a. HDM区域での触媒は概して、約140〜240m2/gの表面積を有するガンマアルミナの担持体をベースにしたものである。この触媒は、非常に高い細孔体積、例えば、1cm3/g超を有するものとして最も良く言い表される。細孔サイズそのものは典型的には、圧倒的にマクロ多孔性である。このことが要求されるのは、触媒表面上に金属、そして随意にドーパントを取り込むために大容量を提供するためである。典型的には触媒表面上で活性な金属は、ニッケルとモリブデンの硫化物であって、そのが比Ni/Ni+Mo<0.15となるものである。ニッケルの濃度は、HDM触媒上ではその他の触媒よりも低く、これは、幾分かのニッケルとバナジウムが、除去の間に原料それ自体から堆積し、触媒として作用すると予想されるからである。使用するドーパントは、リン(例えば、参照により本明細書において援用される、米国特許公開第2005/0211603号を参照されたい)、ホウ素、ケイ素、及びハロゲンの一つ又は複数が可能である。触媒は、アルミナ押し出し物又はアルミナビーズの形態であってもよい。特定の実施形態では、金属の取り込みが床の頂部で30%〜100%の間で変化するであろうことから、アルミナビーズを使用すると反応器中での触媒HDM床の非担持が容易になる。
b. 中間触媒を使用して、HDM及びHDSの機能間の移行を行うこともできる。それは、中間金属の担持、及び細孔サイズ分布を有する。HDM/HDS反応器中のこの触媒は、実質的にアルミナをベースにした担持体であり、これは押し出し物の形態をとり、随意にVI族(例えば、モリブデン及び/又はタングステン)の少なくとも一つの触媒金属、及び/又はVIII族(例えば、ニッケル及び/又はコバルト)の少なくとも一つの触媒金属である。触媒はまた、ホウ素、リン、ハロゲン及びケイ素から選択される随意に少なくとも一つのドーパントを含有する。物理的特性には、約140〜200m2/gの表面積、少なくとも0.6cm3/gの細孔体積、及び細孔12〜50nmの範囲のメソ細孔性の細孔が挙げられる。
c. HDS区域中の触媒は、ガンマアルミナをベースにした担持物質を有するものを含んでいてもよく、その典型的な表面積は、HDM範囲の高い方の端に近い、例えば約180〜240m2/gである。これは、HDSのために高い表面積を要求し、結果として、比較的小さい細孔体積、例えば1cm3/g未満が得られる。触媒は、VI族の元素の少なくとも一つ、例えば、モリブデンと、VIII族の元素の少なくとも一つ、例えばニッケルとを含有する。触媒はまた、ホウ素、リン、ケイ素及びハロゲンから選択される少なくともの一つのドーパントを含む。特定の実施形態では、コバルトを使用して、比較的高いレベルの脱硫を行う。活性相のための金属担持は、要求される活性が高いほど高く、Ni/Ni+Moのモル比が0.1〜0.3の範囲であり、(Co+Ni)/Moのモル比が0.25〜0.85の範囲にある。
d. 最終触媒(随意に第2の及び第3の触媒と置き換わり得る)は、原料の水素化(HDSの主機能ではなく)を実行するように設計され、例えば、Appl.Catal.AGeneral、204(2000)251に記載のとおりである。触媒はまた、Niにより促進されることになり、担持体は、細孔の大きいガンマアルミナである。物理的特性には、HDMの範囲の高い方の端に近い表面積、例えば、180〜240m2/gが挙げられる。これは、HDSのために高い表面積を要求し、その結果、比較的小さい細孔体積、例えば、1cm3/g未満が得られる。
表1:水素化処理条件
表2: アラビアンライト、及び高品質化アラビアンライトとその350℃+留分の特性
Claims (3)
- 原油を直接処理してオレフィン及び芳香族の石油化学製品を生成させる、統合された、水素化処理、及び流動接触分解処理方法であって:
a. 原油及び水素を水素化処理ゾーンに充填し、前記水素化処理ゾーンは、減少した汚染物質の含有量、増加したパラフィン度、増加した米国石油協会比重(American Petroleum Institute gravity)を有する水素化処理したエフルエントを生成させるのに有効な条件下で、運転すること;
b. 前記水素化処理したエフルエントを、低沸点留分と高沸点留分に分離すること;
c. 前記低沸点留分を、流動接触分解ユニットの第1の下降流反応器において、所定の触媒の存在中で分解して、分解された生成物と使用済みの触媒を生成させること;
d. 前記高沸点留分を、前記流動接触分解ユニットの第2の下降流反応器において、所定の触媒の存在中で分解して、分解された生成物と使用済みの触媒を生成させること;
e. 前記第1及び第2の下降流反応器の両方からの使用済み触媒を、共通の再生ゾーン中で再生して、再生した触媒を前記第1及び第2の下降流反応器に戻して再循環させること;及び
f. 第1及び第2の分解された生成物流を回収すること、
を含む方法。 - 前記低沸点留分を処理する前記下降流反応器における触媒−油比が、10:1〜40:1の範囲にある、請求項1に記載の処理方法。
- 前記高沸点留分を処理する前記下降流反応器における触媒−油比が、20:1〜60:1の範囲にある、請求項1に記載の処理方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261613228P | 2012-03-20 | 2012-03-20 | |
US61/613,228 | 2012-03-20 | ||
US201361789871P | 2013-03-15 | 2013-03-15 | |
US61/789,871 | 2013-03-15 | ||
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