JP2015510522A - 高温且つ常圧でのバイオマスガス化アイランド法 - Google Patents
高温且つ常圧でのバイオマスガス化アイランド法 Download PDFInfo
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- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
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- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10K1/028—Dust removal by electrostatic precipitation
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- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
- C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
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- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
2 バイオマス送込みユニット
3 外部熱源ユニット
4 ガス化炉ユニット
5 冷却ユニット
6 洗浄ユニット
7 貯蔵ユニット
8 処理ユニット
17 水冷煙道
18 水冷式急冷塔
19 水管型排熱ボイラ
20 熱管型排熱ボイラ
21 スクラブ冷却塔
22 湿式電気集塵装置
23 石炭ガスブースタファン
24 湿式ガスタンク
25 フレア
Claims (9)
- ガス化アイランドを使用することにより高温且つ常圧でバイオマスをガス化する方法であって、前記方法は、バイオマスに前処理を施し貯蔵する工程と、バイオマスをガス化炉でガス化する工程と、粗合成ガスを冷却する工程と、粗合成ガスを洗浄してダストを除去する工程と、新しい合成ガスを貯蔵する工程を含み、
バイオマスをガス化炉でガス化するための熱エネルギを外部熱源により供給し、ガス化炉内の反応温度を1300〜1750℃に制御し、前記ガス化炉内のバイオマスを粗合成ガスに変換し、スラグを液体状態でガス化炉から除去し、
粗合成ガスを急冷塔および二段階排熱ボイラにより冷却し、そこで顕熱が回収され、
冷却後の粗合成ガスを洗浄・除塵処理し、得られたクリーンで新しい合成ガスをガス貯蔵タンクにより貯蔵し、
前記ガス化アイランド全体を負圧または0〜50KPaの正圧で作動させる
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 1) 回収したバイオマスを破砕し、前記バイオマスをガス化炉に送込む一方で外部熱源および酸化剤をガス化炉へ供給し、ガス化炉の作動温度を1300〜1750℃に制御し、乾燥、揮発性物質の収集、熱分解、およびガス化反応それぞれが生じるように前記バイオマスを酸化剤と十分接触させることにより粗合成ガスとアッシュを生成する工程と、
2) 前記粗合成ガスを急冷塔および二段階排熱ボイラに導入して粗合成ガスの温度を85〜200℃に低下させると共に顕熱を回収する工程と、
3) 顕熱回収後の粗合成ガスを洗浄し、ダストを除去して、ダスト含有量およびタール含有量がいずれも10mg/Nm3未満であり、温度が45℃未満のクリーンで新しい合成ガスを獲得し、前記クリーンで新しい合成ガスをガス貯蔵タンクへ送り貯蔵し、或いは直接下流工程に送り使用する工程と
を含む請求項1の方法。 - 工程1において、前記外部熱源はプラズマトーチ発生装置、マイクロ波プラズマ発生装置、またはレーザ熱発生装置により供給される、請求項2の方法。
- 前記ガス化炉は常圧固定床ガス化炉であり、その作動圧は0〜50KPaであり、ガス化域温度は1300〜1750℃であり、
ガス化媒体は、空気、酸素リッチ空気、純酸素、水蒸気、またはそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記ガス化炉の底部の温度を1450〜1750℃に制御することによりスラグを液体状態で除去し、
前記ガス化炉からのスラグ除去には連続的スラグ除去または間欠的スラグ除去を採用し、前記連続的スラグ除去は原料のアッシュ含有量が多い時に利用され、前記間欠的スラグ除去は原料のアッシュ含有量が少ない時に利用され、
前記ガス化炉の上側部分の温度を800〜1450℃に制御し、内部の合成ガスの流速を0.5〜2.0m/sに制御し、
前記粗合成ガスを前記ガス化炉の上側部分から外へ導出し、ガス化炉出口における粗合成ガスの流速を8〜20m/sに制御し、粗合成ガスのダスト含有量は20g/Nm3未満である
請求項1または2の方法。 - 前記粗合成ガスをガス化炉から水冷却管を通り急冷塔に導入し、そこで粗合成ガスを噴霧水、水冷却管、または蒸気冷却管により850℃未満の温度に冷却し、粗合成ガスにより運ばれる溶融スラグを硬化させて分離し、
前記急冷塔により処理された後の温度が850℃未満の粗合成ガスを第一段階排熱ボイラに運び排熱を回収し、粗合成ガスの温度を重タールの凝固点よりも高い温度まで低下させ、前記第一段階排熱ボイラ内の粗合成ガスの流速を7〜20m/sに制御し、
前記第一段階排熱ボイラからの粗合成ガスを第二段階排熱ボイラに送り排熱を回収し、粗合成ガスを連続冷却させて粗合成ガスの温度を85〜200℃に低下させ、前記第二段階排熱ボイラ内の粗合成ガスの流速を7〜20m/sに制御する
ことにより前記粗合成ガスは冷却される
請求項1または2の方法。 - 前記粗合成ガスは第一段階排熱ボイラに流入して排熱が回収され、粗合成ガスの温度は350〜450℃に低下する
請求項5の方法。 - 熱回収後のダスト含有量が20g/Nm3以下の粗合成ガスを管を通りスクラブ冷却塔またはベンチュリスクラバに運び粗合成ガスの温度を更に低下させると共にダストを除去し、洗浄後の粗合成ガスの温度は15〜55℃に低下し、洗浄水は循環して使用され、
フィルタが水循環管路に配置されて循環洗浄水により運ばれる汚染物質を除去し、汚染物質は循環洗浄水の水質に応じて排出され、新しい循環水が補充され、
前記循環水は機械式通気中空冷却塔により冷却され、
硬化後のフィルタ残留物は床層としてガス化炉に戻され、或いは溶融スラグと一緒にアッシュ貯蔵庫に運ばれることにより、包括的に利用される
ことにより前記粗合成ガスは洗浄される
請求項1または2の方法。 - 前記スクラブ冷却塔またはベンチュリスクラバからの粗合成ガスを湿式電気集塵装置に導入し、そこで粗合成ガス中のダストおよび他の不純物を内部に生成される高圧電場の作用下で除去し、
前記湿式電気集塵装置からの新しい合成ガスを石炭ガスブースタファンによりガス貯蔵タンクに運び、或いはフィードガスとして後続工程の機器に直接供給する
ことにより前記粗合成ガスのダスト除去は行われる
請求項1または2の方法。 - 前記ガス化炉で生成される高温溶融スラグは顆粒状にされて建築材料として使用されて包括的に利用され、
前記冷却・洗浄ユニットからのアッシュは硬化させられてガス化炉反応器の床層として使用されて再利用される
請求項1または2の方法。
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