JP2015152009A - ディーゼルエンジン排気ガスの浄化方法 - Google Patents
ディーゼルエンジン排気ガスの浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】浄化すべき排気ガスを排気ガスラインのディーゼル酸化触媒(DO(C)に通して、ガス状の残存炭化水素(H(C)を酸化し、一酸化炭素(CO)を二酸化炭素(CO2)に酸化し、排気ガス中に含まれる一酸化窒素(NO)を二酸化窒素(NO2)へ少なくとも部分的に酸化する。
【選択図】図1
Description
(a)浄化すべき排気ガスをディーゼル酸化触媒(DO(C)に通して、ガス状の残存炭化水素(HC)を酸化し、一酸化炭素(CO)を二酸化炭素(CO2)に酸化し、排気ガス中に含まれる一酸化窒素(NO)を二酸化窒素(NO2)へ少なくとも部分的に酸化する段階、
(b)段階(a)で得られた排気ガス中へ、エンジン中での事前調整によって80〜90℃に加熱された尿素水溶液(HWL)を添加し、加熱分解および加水分解によって添加した尿素からアンモニアを遊離させる段階、
(c)段階(b)で得られた排気ガスをSCR触媒活性化微粒子フィルタ(SDPF)へ通して、排気ガス中に含まれる微粒子と排気ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物とを減少させる段階、
(d)段階(c)で得られた排気ガスをアンモニア酸化触媒(AS(C)へ通して残留アンモニアを減少させる段階。
Cn+2nNO2→nCO2+2nNO
このCRT(登録商標)反応はSCR反応と競合関係にある。SCR反応に関しては異なる反応速度(RG)で進行する3つの反応メカニズムが存在する。
高速SCR:NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O(高RG)
低速SCR:6NO2+8NH3→7N2+12H2O(低RG)
C.ハーゲリューケン(C. Hageluken)等共著、「自動車排気ガス触媒、第2版(Autoabgaskatalysatoren 2.Aufl.)」専門出版社、2005年、102頁
変形実施例では、上記HWL熱交換器14は、基本的に2つのNOXセンサを備えた二重壁の排気ガス管11の内部に配置されている。この場合、一方のNOXセンサ9がDOC5とSPDF6の間に配置され、他方のNOXセンサ9はASC8の後方に配置される。
加熱されたHWLは、液体尿素給送ポンプ12によってHWL熱交換器14から噴射装置15へ送り出される。噴射装置15を出たHWLは排気ガス配管内の混合区間16に達し、ここでHWLが再加熱される。
その触媒には幾つかの種類があり、その1つの種類は基本的に二酸化チタン、五酸化バナジウム、二酸化タングステンで構成され、別の種類はゼオライトを使用する。
(NH2)2CO→NH3+HNCO(イソシアン酸)
得られたイソシアン酸の加水分解は下記である:
HNCO+H2O→NH3+CO2
窒素酸化物の還元は下記である:
4NH3+4NO+O2→4N2+6H2O(標準SCR)
2NH3+NO+NO2→2N2+3H2O(高速SCR)
4NH3+3NO2→3.5N2+6H2O(低速SCR)
窒素酸化物の減少がエンジン燃焼を変化させずに行われ、それによってディーゼルエンジンの極めて良好な効率が得られる。
ANB 排ガス後処理
ASC アンモニアスリップ触媒またはアンモニア酸化触媒
CRT 連続再生式トラップ
CSF 排気ガス成分酸化コーティング微粒子フィルタ
DOC ディーゼル酸化触媒
DPF ディーゼル微粒子フィルタ
NH3 アンモニア
NOX エンジン燃焼において生成される窒素酸化物(NO、NO2、N2O等)の総量
RG 反応速度
SCR 選択的接触還元触媒
SDPF SCR活性化コーティングディーゼル微粒子フィルタまたはSCR触媒活性化微粒子フィルタ
2 排気ガスライン
3 尿素水溶液タンク
5 DOC
6 SDPF
7 SCR
8 ASC
9 NOXセンサ
10 シリンダヘッド
11 二重壁排気ガス管
12 液体尿素給送ポンプ
13 クランク室のウォータジャケット
14 熱交換器、螺旋熱交換器、管束熱交換器
15 噴射装置
16 混合区間
Claims (7)
- 下記の(a)〜(d)の段階を有する、ディーゼルエンジン排気ガスの浄化方法:
(a)浄化すべき排気ガスをディーゼル酸化触媒(DO(C)に通してガス状の残存炭化水素(H(C)を酸化し、一酸化炭素(CO)を二酸化炭素(CO2)に酸化し、排気ガス中に含まれる一酸化窒素(NO)を二酸化窒素(NO2)へ少なくとも部分的に酸化する段階、
(b)段階(a)で得られた排気ガス中へ、エンジンによって事前調整された80〜90℃に加熱された尿素水溶液(HWL)を添加して、加熱分解および加水分解により、添加した尿素からアンモニアを遊離させる段階、
(c)段階(b)で得られた排気ガスをSCR触媒活性化微粒子フィルタ(SDPF)へ通して、排気ガス中に含まれる微粒子と排気ガス中に含まれる窒素酸化物を減少させる段階、
(d)段階(c)で得られた排気ガスをアンモニア酸化触媒(ASC)へ通して残留アンモニアを減少させる段階。 - 段階(d)で選択的アンモニア酸化触媒(ASC)へ通す前に、段階(c)で得られた排気ガスをSCR触媒活性化微粒子フィルタとASCとの間に配置された追加のSCR触媒に通す請求項1に記載の方法。
- 段階(a)で得られた排気ガス中のNOXに対する段階(a)で生成されるNO2の割合が50%以上である請求項1に記載の方法。
- SCR触媒活性化微粒子フィルタ(SDPF)が受動的な再生コンセプトによって運転される請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- SCR触媒活性化微粒子フィルタ(SDPF)内に沈積するカーボン微粒子の酸化の少なくとも一部を段階(a)で生成されたNO2によって行う請求項4に記載の方法。
- SCR触媒活性化微粒子フィルタとその後に配置される追加のSCR触媒との間で、段階(c)で得られた排気ガス中に、上記の事前調整された80〜90℃に加熱された尿素水溶液(HWL)を供給する第2の投与部を有する請求項2に記載の方法。
- SCR触媒活性化微粒子フィルタの除窒効率が、段階(c)で供給される尿素水溶液の量によって限定される請求項6に記載の方法。
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DE102014001880.6A DE102014001880A1 (de) | 2014-02-14 | 2014-02-14 | Verfahren zum Reinigen von Dieselmotorenabgassen |
DE102014001880.6 | 2014-02-14 |
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DE102014001880A1 (de) | 2015-08-20 |
PT2907564T (pt) | 2019-10-29 |
DK2907564T3 (da) | 2019-12-09 |
ES2754211T3 (es) | 2020-04-16 |
US9561470B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 |
EP2907564B1 (de) | 2019-09-18 |
EP2907564A1 (de) | 2015-08-19 |
US20150231565A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
CN104847460A (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
KR20150096329A (ko) | 2015-08-24 |
JP6622967B2 (ja) | 2019-12-18 |
KR102309224B1 (ko) | 2021-10-05 |
CN104847460B (zh) | 2020-01-03 |
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