JP2021519396A - 酸化ゾーンを有するscrf触媒を含む排気システム - Google Patents
酸化ゾーンを有するscrf触媒を含む排気システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2021519396A JP2021519396A JP2020551867A JP2020551867A JP2021519396A JP 2021519396 A JP2021519396 A JP 2021519396A JP 2020551867 A JP2020551867 A JP 2020551867A JP 2020551867 A JP2020551867 A JP 2020551867A JP 2021519396 A JP2021519396 A JP 2021519396A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- filter
- ammonia
- scr
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 279
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 92
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 36
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 6
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001959 inorganic nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017119 AlPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- HZVVJJIYJKGMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N almasilate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O[Si](O)=O.O[Si](O)=O HZVVJJIYJKGMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021480 group 4 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
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Abstract
Description
本発明のシステムは、SCR触媒及び酸化触媒を含む、フィルタを含む。このようなフィルタはまた、本明細書では、酸化触媒を有するSCRF(商標)触媒と称呼されることがある。いくつかの実施形態では、SCR触媒及び酸化触媒を含むフィルタは、下流SCR触媒上でのSCR反応を最適化するために、所望のNO2:NOx比が得られるように配合及び構成することができる。
本発明のシステムは、1つ以上のSCR触媒を含んでもよい。システムは、上記のように、ディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタ上のSCR触媒、及びディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタの下流に位置決めされたSCR触媒を含む。本発明のシステムはまた、1つ以上の更なるSCR触媒を含んでもよい。
本発明のシステムは、SCR触媒及び酸化触媒を含む、フィルタを含んでもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、酸化触媒は、フィルタの出口上にコーティングされている。いくつかの実施形態では、SCR触媒及び酸化触媒を含むフィルタは、下流SCR触媒上でのSCR反応を最適化するために、所望のNO2:NOx比が得られるように配合及び構成することができる。酸化触媒は、1)壁、入口、又は出口の表面上に位置決めされるように、フィルタ上にコーティングされていてもよく、2)フィルタを貫通するように、すなわち、フィルタ内に位置決めされるように、多孔性壁上にコーティングされていてもよく、又は、3)多孔性フィルタ壁内及び壁の表面上の両方にあるように、コーティングされていてもよい。
本発明のシステムは、アンモニアスリップ触媒(「ASC」)とも称呼される1つ以上のアンモニア酸化触媒を含んでもよい。1つ以上のASCをSCR触媒の下流に含めて、過剰なアンモニアを酸化することで、それが大気に放出されるのを防ぐことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、ASCは、SCR触媒と同じ担体上に含まれてもよい。特定の実施形態では、アンモニア酸化触媒材料は、NOx又はN2Oを形成する代わりにアンモニアの酸化を促進するように選択されてもよい。好ましい触媒材料としては、白金、パラジウム、又はこれらの組み合わせが挙げられ、白金又は白金/パラジウムの組み合わせが好ましい。好ましくは、アンモニア酸化触媒は、金属酸化物上に担持された白金及び/又はパラジウムを含む。好ましくは、触媒は、アルミナをはじめとするがこれに限定されない、高表面積担体上に配置されている。
本明細書に記載されるように、本発明のシステムは、少なくとも2つの還元剤インジェクタを含んでもよい。システムは、SCR及び/又はSCRF(商標)触媒の上流で排気システムに窒素系還元剤を導入するための手段を含んでもよい。窒素系還元剤を排気システムに導入するための手段は、SCR又はSCRF(商標)触媒のすぐ上流にある(例えば、窒素系還元剤を導入するための手段とSCR又はSCRF(商標)触媒との間に介在する触媒が存在しない)ことが好ましい場合がある。
本発明の触媒及び吸着剤は、各々、フロースルー担体又はフィルタ担体を更に含んでもよい。一実施形態では、触媒/吸着剤は、フロー−スルー担体又はフィルタ担体上にコーティングされてもよく、好ましくは、ウォッシュコート手順を用いてフロースルー担体又はフィルタ担体上に堆積されてもよい。
本発明のシステムは、SCR触媒及び酸化触媒を含むフィルタの上流に位置する、上流触媒を含んでもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、上流触媒は、ディーゼル酸化触媒、NOx吸蔵触媒、又はこれらの組み合わせを含んでもよい。
本発明のシステムは、1つ以上のディーゼル酸化触媒を含んでもよい。酸化触媒、特にディーゼル酸化触媒(DOC)は、当該技術分野において周知である。酸化触媒は、COをCO2に酸化するように、そして気相炭化水素(HC)及びディーゼル微小粒子の有機成分(可溶性有機成分)を、CO2及びH2Oに酸化するように設計されている。典型的な酸化触媒には、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、及びゼオライトなどの、高表面積無機酸化物担体上の、白金及び所望により更にパラジウムも含まれる。
本発明のシステムは、1つ以上のNOx吸蔵触媒を含んでもよい。NOx吸蔵触媒は、概して温度及び/又はリッチ/リーン排気条件に応じて、特定の条件に従ってNOxを吸着、放出、及び/又は還元するデバイスを含んでもよい。NOx吸蔵触媒は、例えば、受動的NOx吸着剤、コールドスタート触媒、NOxトラップなどを含んでもよい。
本発明のシステムは、1つ以上の受動的NOx吸着剤を含んでもよい。受動的NOx吸着剤は、NOxを低温以下で吸着するのに有効で、かつ吸着されたNOxを低温より高い温度で放出するのに有効なデバイスである。受動的NOx吸着剤は、貴金属及び小細孔モレキュラーシーブを含んでもよい。貴金属は、好ましくは、パラジウム、白金、ロジウム、金、銀、イリジウム、ルテニウム、オスミウム、又はこれらの混合物である。好ましくは、低温は、約200℃、約250℃、又は約200℃〜約250℃である。好適な受動的NOx吸着剤の例は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許出願公開第20150158019号に記載されている。
本発明のシステムは、1つ以上のコールドスタート触媒を含んでもよい。コールドスタート触媒は、NOx及び炭化水素(HC)を低温以下で吸着するのに有効であり、かつ吸着されたNOx及びHCを低温より高い温度で変換し放出するのに有効なデバイスである。好ましくは、低温は、約200℃、約250℃、又は約200℃〜約250℃である。好適なコールドスタート触媒の例は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる国際公開第2015085300号に記載されている。
本発明のシステムは、1つ以上のNOxトラップを含んでもよい。NOxトラップは、NOxをリーン排気条件下で吸着し、吸着されたNOxをリッチ条件下で放出し、放出されたNOxを還元して、N2を形成するデバイスである。
本発明のシステムは、上記のように、SCR触媒及び酸化触媒を含むフィルタに加えて、1つ以上の微小粒子フィルタを含んでもよい。微小粒子フィルタは、内燃機関の排気から微小粒子を削減するデバイスである。微小粒子フィルタとしては、触媒加工微小粒子フィルタ及びそのまま(bare)(触媒加工していないもの)の微小粒子フィルタが挙げられる。触媒加工微小粒子フィルタは、(ディーゼル及びガソリン用途に関しては)触媒加工煤煙フィルタとも称呼され、金属及び金属酸化物成分(Pt、Pd、Fe、Mn、Cu、及びセリアなど)を含むことにより、フィルタによって捕捉された煤煙を分解することに加えて、炭化水素及び一酸化炭素を酸化する。
本発明のシステムは、1つ以上の燃料インジェクタを含んでもよい。例えば、システムは、ディーゼル酸化触媒の上流に二次燃料インジェクタを含んでもよい。任意の好適な種類の燃料インジェクタを、本発明のシステムに使用することができる。
本発明のシステムは、(1)アンモニア又はアンモニアに分解可能な化合物を排気ガス中に噴射するための第1のインジェクタと、(2)入口及び出口を含み、選択的触媒還元(SCR)触媒及び酸化触媒を含む、ディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタと、(3)フィルタの下流に位置し、アンモニア又はアンモニアに分解可能な化合物を排気ガス中に噴射するための、第2のインジェクタと、(4)第2のインジェクタの下流に位置し、選択的触媒還元触媒を含む、下流触媒と、を含んでもよい。
排気ガスの浄化方法は、(1)第1のインジェクタによって、アンモニア又はアンモニアに分解可能な化合物を排気ガス中に添加することと、(2)入口及び出口を含み、SCR触媒及び酸化触媒を含む、ディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタに、当該排気ガスを通すことと、(3)ディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタの下流に位置する第2のインジェクタによって、アンモニア又はアンモニアに分解可能な化合物を排気ガス中に添加することと、(4)第2のインジェクタの下流に位置し、選択的還元触媒を含む下流触媒に、当該排気ガスを通すことと、を含んでもよい。
本発明のシステム構成により、総じて排出ガスの削減が提供されることが判明した。フィルタ上のSCR触媒と共に酸化触媒を含めることにより、フィルタ再生中に副生成物、例えばNH3、CO、及び炭化水素を浄化するよう機能させることができる。しかし、本発明の実施形態では、ディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタ上の酸化触媒によって、NO2を生成し、下流SCR触媒の性能を最適化して、効果を得ることもできる。概して、SCR触媒を備えるディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタ(すなわち、SCRF(商標)触媒)から出る排気流のNO2/NOx比を非常に低くすることができ、その際、SCR反応は、約50%のNO2/NOx比で最良に行われる。本発明のシステムでは、ディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタ上の酸化触媒により、より好都合なNO2/NOx比を得るために、フィルタ上のSCR触媒からスリップするNOをNO2に酸化することにより、下流SCR触媒の性能を向上させることができる。
DOCと、DOCの後段の、1平方インチ当たりのセル(CPSI)が約300、及び壁厚(WT)が約12milの炭化ケイ素ウォールフローフィルタ(DPF)上にCu−ゼオライト系触媒がコーティングされたSCRF(商標)触媒と、からなるシステム。
DOCと、DOCの後段の、酸化層を有するSCRF(商標)触媒と、からなるシステムであって、比較システム1の同様のCu−ゼオライト系触媒、及び本明細書に記載される酸化成分を添加した担体組成物からなる。
表1に示すように、エンジン評価について、200℃、250℃、及び300℃を対象温度として設定した。これらの温度点への到達により、様々な気流にて、NOx、HC、及びCOが、エンジンにより生成された。SCRF(商標)触媒上に投与された尿素の量は、1.1のアルファ値であった。
Claims (16)
- 排気ガス浄化システムであって、
a.アンモニア又はアンモニアに分解可能な化合物を前記排気ガス中に噴射するための第1のインジェクタと、
b.入口及び出口を含み、選択的触媒還元(SCR)触媒及び酸化触媒を含む、ディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタと、
c.前記フィルタの下流に位置し、アンモニア又はアンモニアに分解可能な化合物を前記排気ガス中に噴射するための、第2のインジェクタと、
d.前記第2のインジェクタの下流に位置し、選択的触媒還元触媒を含む下流触媒と、を含む、排気ガス浄化システム。 - 前記酸化触媒が、前記フィルタの前記出口上にコーティングされている、請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化システム。
- 前記酸化触媒が、1つ以上の白金族金属を含む、請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化システム。
- 前記酸化触媒が、白金、パラジウム、又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化システム。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、金属酸化物系SCR触媒配合物、モレキュラーシーブ系SCR触媒配合物、又はこれらの混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化システム。
- 前記下流触媒が、アンモニア酸化触媒を更に含む、請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化システム。
- 前記下流触媒に入る前記排気ガスが、10%超のNO2:NOx比を有する、請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化システム。
- 前記システムが、前記フィルタの上流に位置する上流触媒を更に含み、前記上流触媒は、ディーゼル酸化触媒、NOx吸蔵触媒、又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載の排気ガス浄化システム。
- 排気ガスの浄化方法であって、
a.第1のインジェクタによって、アンモニア又はアンモニアに分解可能な化合物を、前記排気ガス中に添加することと、
b.入口及び出口を含み、選択的触媒還元(SCR)触媒及び酸化触媒を含む、ディーゼル微粒子捕集フィルタに、前記排気ガスを通すことと、
c.前記フィルタの下流に位置する第2のインジェクタによって、アンモニア又はアンモニアに分解可能な化合物を前記排気ガス中に添加することと、
d.前記第2のインジェクタの下流に位置し、選択的還元触媒を含む下流触媒に、前記排気ガスを通すことと、を含む、方法。 - 前記酸化触媒が、前記フィルタの前記出口上にコーティングされている、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化触媒が、1つ以上の白金族金属を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化触媒が、白金、パラジウム、又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記選択的触媒還元触媒が、金属酸化物系SCR触媒配合物、モレキュラーシーブ系SCR触媒配合物、又はこれらの混合物を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記下流触媒が、アンモニア酸化触媒を更に含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記下流触媒に入る前記排気ガスが、10%超のNO2:NOx比を有する、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記方法が、前記フィルタの上流に位置する上流触媒を更に含み、前記上流触媒は、ディーゼル酸化触媒、NOx吸蔵触媒、又はこれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
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