JP2015137734A - ピストンリング及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ピストンリング及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 11
- DYRBFMPPJATHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Cr] DYRBFMPPJATHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QKJXFFMKZPQALO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;iron;methane;silicon Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Fe] QKJXFFMKZPQALO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017112 Fe—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
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- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
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- C21D1/58—Oils
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- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
- C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/48—Nitriding
- C23C8/50—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
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Abstract
【解決手段】必須合金元素として、質量%で、C:0.45〜0.65%、Si:0.15〜0.35%、Mn:0.65〜1.00%、Cr:0.60〜1.10%、選択合金元素として、質量%で、Mo:0.35%未満、V:0.25%未満、B:0.001%未満、且つ、前記必須合金元素と前記選択合金元素の組成和が質量%で3.0%未満の鋼を用いてピストンリングを成形し、表面に窒化層を形成する。
【選択図】図1
Description
材料組成が、質量%で、C:0.51%、Si:0.29%、Mn:0.72%、Cr:0.92%、V:0.19%、残部がFe及び不可避的不純物である鋼材を10 kg 真空誘導溶解炉を用いて溶製した。熱間加工を経て直径10 mmφの線状素材にし、さらに伸線して、最終的に厚さ2.3 mm、幅1.0 mmの断面形状が矩形の線材を準備した。ここで、伸線工程の途中に700℃、60分の焼鈍工程を挟んだ。また、オイルテンパー処理は、930℃、45秒の加熱から60℃へのオイル焼入と、470℃、60秒の焼戻からなる処理とした。上記の線材から呼称径73 mmφの圧力リングを成形し、450℃、60分の歪取り熱処理を行い、外周面にイオンプレーティングによるCrN皮膜、側面及び内周面にガス窒化による窒化層を形成した。窒化条件は、500℃、180分とし、また、窒化前の母材の硬度を測定しておいた。
熱伝導率は、実施例1の直径5 mmφの素材から厚さ1 mmの測定用サンプルを切り出し、研磨して、レーザーフラッシュ法により3回測定した。3回の測定値の平均値は38 W/(m・K)であった。
実施例1の圧力リングを切断し、断面を鏡面研磨後、側面の窒化層について、窒化表面より20μmの位置から20μm毎に120μmの深さまで、マイクロビッカース硬度(HV0.05)の測定を行った。20μmの位置で802 HV0.05、40μmの位置で780 HV0.05、60μmの位置で766 HV0.05、80μmの位置で701 HV0.05、100μmの位置で671 HV0.05、120μmの位置で565 HV0.05であった。これらのデータから、20〜60μmの間の硬度減少率は0.9 HV0.05/μm、40〜80μmの間の硬度減少率は2.0 HV0.05/μm、60〜100μmの間の硬度減少率は2.4 HV0.05/μmと計算でき、化合物層を含み30μm程度を加工により除去したとしても、2.0 HV0.05/μm 以下の硬度減少率が得られていることがわかる。また、母材の硬度は435 HV1で、窒化前の硬度469 HV1に対し、92.8%であった。
表1に示す材料組成の鋼材を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、線材を準備し、圧力リングに成形した後、外周面にCrN皮膜、側面及び内周面に窒化層を形成した。熱伝導率の測定、窒化層の硬度の測定、母材の硬度測定を行い、得られた結果を実施例1の結果とともに表1〜3に示す。
表4に示す条件で窒化処理を施した以外は実施例1と同様にして圧力リングを作製した。実施例1と同様に、窒化層の硬度の測定、母材の硬度測定を行った。得られた結果を表5〜6に示す。
2 拡散層
3 結晶粒界
Claims (11)
- C、Si、Mn、Crを必須合金元素、Mo、V、Bを選択合金元素として含む鋼材よりなり、前記必須合金元素の組成が、質量%で、C:0.45〜0.65%、Si:0.15〜0.35%、Mn:0.65〜1.00%、Cr:0.60〜1.10%であり、前記選択合金元素の組成が、質量%で、Mo:0.35%未満、V:0.25%未満、B:0.001%未満であり、前記必須合金元素と前記選択合金元素の組成和が質量%で3.0%未満であるピストンリングであって、表面に窒化層を形成したことを特徴とするピストンリング。
- 請求項1に記載のピストンリングにおいて、前記窒化層の最表面が化合物層を除去した拡散層から構成されることを特徴とするピストンリング。
- 請求項2に記載のピストンリングにおいて、前記最表面から40μmの深さまで、硬度が700 HV0.05以上であることを特徴とするピストンリング。
- 請求項2に記載のピストンリングにおいて、前記最表面から40μmの深さまで、深さ方向の硬度減少率が3 HV0.05/μm以下であることを特徴とするピストンリング。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のピストンリングにおいて、前記ピストンリングの母材の硬度が窒化処理前の硬度の90〜100%であることを特徴とするピストンリング。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のピストンリングにおいて、前記鋼材の旧オーステナイト結晶粒界にCが濃化したことを特徴とするピストンリング。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のピストンリングにおいて、前記鋼材の旧オーステナイト結晶粒の結晶粒度が粒度番号8以上であることを特徴とするピストンリング。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のピストンリングにおいて、前記鋼材の組織が焼き戻しマルテンサイトマトリックス中に球状化セメンタイトが分散していることを特徴とするピストンリング。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のピストンリングにおいて、前記窒化層がピストンリングの側面に形成された圧力リングであることを特徴とするピストンリング。
- C、Si、Mn、Crを必須合金元素、Mo、V、Bを選択合金元素として含む鋼よりなり、前記必須合金元素の組成が、質量%で、C:0.45〜0.65%、Si:0.15〜0.35%、Mn:0.65〜1.00%、Cr:0.60〜1.10%であり、前記選択合金元素の組成が、質量%で、Mo:0.35%未満、V:0.25%未満、B:0.001%未満であり、前記必須合金元素と前記選択合金元素の組成和が質量%で3.0%未満である線材から、表面に窒化層を形成したピストンリングを製造する方法であって、ピストンリング成形前のオイルテンパー処理を焼入温度820〜930℃、焼戻温度440〜500℃で行い、ピストンリング成形後に、歪取り熱処理を前記焼戻温度より低い420〜480℃の温度で、窒化処理を前記焼戻温度の±30℃以内の温度で行うことを特徴とするピストンリングの製造方法。
- 請求項10に記載のピストンリングの製造方法において、前記オイルテンパー処理の前に焼鈍工程を含むことを特徴とするピストンリングの製造方法。
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