JP2015110565A - ナノ分散体 - Google Patents
ナノ分散体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2015110565A JP2015110565A JP2014237028A JP2014237028A JP2015110565A JP 2015110565 A JP2015110565 A JP 2015110565A JP 2014237028 A JP2014237028 A JP 2014237028A JP 2014237028 A JP2014237028 A JP 2014237028A JP 2015110565 A JP2015110565 A JP 2015110565A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nanodispersion
- acid
- drug
- derivatives
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Abstract
【解決手段】水混和性溶媒及び水を含んでなるビヒクル中に分散されている平均サイズ300nm未満のナノ粒子を含んでなるナノ分散体であって、前記ナノ粒子が、1種以上のタキサン誘導体、ポリマー、及び、脂肪酸又はその塩とステロール並びにその誘導体又はその塩との混合物を含み、界面活性剤を更に含んでなるナノ分散体。
【選択図】なし
Description
(a)可溶化された形態の前記薬剤を含み、所望の期間まで薬剤の実質的な凝集または結晶化も製剤の外観の変化も全くない安定した組成物を処方するのが困難であり、
(b)多量の可溶化剤、リン脂質、および界面活性剤の使用を必要とする。
そのため、以下のようなタキサン誘導体の注射用製剤が必要とされている:
(a)多量の賦形剤の使用を回避し、
(b)クレモホールの使用を回避し、
(c)LD50値が高く、溶液形態の薬剤の投与に関連する毒性副作用を最低限にする新規送達系により薬剤を送達し、
(e)その疎水性に関連した薬剤の限界を克服し、投与の間および保存の間の所望の期間、薬剤の実質的な凝集または結晶化も製剤の外観の変化もなく安定である。
K値 平均分子量
15 約10,000
30 約40,000
60 約160,000
90 約360,000
他の供給業者、BASFは、異なる水溶性グレードのポリビニルピロリドンをKollidonとして提供しており、例えば分子量2000から3000(Kollidon 12 PF)、7000〜11,000(Kollidon 17 PF)、28,000〜34,000(Kollidon 25)、1,000,000〜1,500,000(Kollidon 90 F)のグレードがある。態様によれば、ポリビニルピロリドンが水溶性ポリマーとして使用される。本発明に好適なポリビニルピロリドンのグレードには、分子量が約1,000から約45,000のグレード、好ましくは約4,000から約30,000のグレードがある。本発明の一態様によれば、ナノ分散体に使用されるポリマーの量は、約0.001w/v%から約20w/v%である。ポリマーは、好ましくは約0.01w/v%から約5.0w/v%の量で使用される。特に好ましくは、約0.01w/v%から約1.0w/v%の量で使用される。
1.腫瘍評価:日で表す時間に対する腫瘍体積(mm3)の減少に関して腫瘍を評価した。腫瘍を42日間評価した。
2.パーセンテージT/C=(X日の薬剤治療群の平均腫瘍体積/X日の薬剤治療群の平均腫瘍体積)×100
3.腫瘍縮小:実験動物腫瘍モデルにおける腫瘍縮小は、臨床の適切さにおける重要なエンドポイントである。腫瘍縮小は、腫瘍体積が、測定可能な大きさ未満に小さくなることなく、治療開始時の腫瘍体積の50%未満に小さくなれば部分的(PR)であると記録され、腫瘍量が手で触って感じられなくなると完全(CR)であると記録される。
4.特異的な腫瘍成長遅延(SGD)は、薬剤治療腫瘍および対照腫瘍がある体積(V)に達する時間の差と、対照腫瘍が同じ体積(V)に達する時間の比として定義されるが、Vは治療開始時の初期腫瘍体積から2回の体積倍加の後の腫瘍体積であり、Tvは、薬剤治療群または対照群が前記のある体積に達する時間である。V値値が45日までに試験群動物または参照群動物で達成されない場合、同じ値*45日をその動物のTvと考えた。この試験は、SGDパラメータが1を超える場合、効能があると考えられる。
5.体重変化は、((X日の動物の体重−0日の動物の体重)/0日の動物の体重)×100として計算した。
6.生存分析は、カプランマイヤー法により行った。0.05未満のP値を有意であると考えた。
本発明のナノ分散体の効力を上述のパラメータにより評価したが、他の任意の好適な試験方法および類似の試験方法を採用して、ナノ分散体の効力を測定できる。本発明の試験されたナノ分散体は、実施例27、28、および29に例示されるとおり効力があることが分かった。
薬剤、硫酸コレステリル、カプリル酸、およびPVP K−30をバイアル中に正確に秤量した。
内容物を、攪拌および45℃で加熱しながら、必要な量の無水エタノールおよびPEG−400に溶解させ、溶液を得た。
溶液を、0.2μPVDFメンブランフィルターに通して濾過した。
次いで、ブドウ糖溶液(5%)を、薬剤の溶液を収容しているバイアルにゆっくりと加え、穏やかに振盪すると、透明から半透明なナノ分散体を得た。
ナノ分散体のpHを、pH計(Mettler Toledo−seven easy)を使用して確認する。
ナノ分散体の粒径を、粒径分析器(Nano−ZS、Malvern)により測定する。
観察された組成物の外観、pH、および粒径を、以下の表2にまとめる。
薬剤、硫酸コレステリル、カプリル酸、およびPVP K−30をガラスバイアル中に正確に秤量した。
内容物を、攪拌および45℃で加熱しながら、必要な量の無水エタノールおよびPEG−400に溶解させ、濃縮薬剤溶液を得た。
溶液を、0.2μPVDFメンブランフィルターに通して濾過した。
実施例6の溶液をバイアル(60mgの薬剤を含むバイアルあたり1グラム)に満たし、安定性のために充填した。
安定性試料を、ナノ分散体の形態で分析した。ブドウ糖溶液(5w/v%)(40ml)を、薬剤濃縮液(60mg薬剤)を収容するバイアルに、穏やかに攪拌しながらゆっくりと加え、1.5mg/mlの希釈度を有する薬剤の透明から半透明のナノ分散体を得た。ナノ分散体を以下の試験で分析した:以下の表4に記載の外観、薬剤のアッセイ、pH(Mettler Toledo−seven easy、pH計)、および粒径(Nano−ZS、Malvern粒径分析器)。
PVP K−12を利用する本発明の医薬組成物を、以下の表5に説明する。ナノ分散体の調製手順は、実施例1〜7と同じである。
タキサン誘導体の濃縮溶液としての本発明の組成物を、以下の表7に説明する。
PEG−3350を含む本発明の医薬組成物を表9に説明する。
薬剤、硫酸コレステリル、カプリル酸、PVP K−30、およびPEG−3350をバイアル中に正確に秤量した。
バイアルの内容物を、攪拌および45℃で加熱しながら、必要な量の無水エタノールに、透明な溶液が得られるまで溶解させた。
上記のエタノール溶液を、攪拌しながらブドウ糖溶液(5%)にゆっくりと加え、ナノ分散体を形成した。
ナノ分散体のpHを、pH計(Mettler Toledo−seven easy)を使用して確認する。
ナノ分散体の粒径を、粒径分析器(Nano−ZS、Malvern粒径分析器)により確認する。
ナノ分散体を、0.2μメンブランフィルターに通して濾過する。
上記のナノ分散体の20mlを、バイアルに充填し、凍結乾燥(Vitris)した。
凍結乾燥前のナノ分散体の外観および粒径を、ナノ分散体調製直後および室温で(RT)24時間および48時間保存後に観察した。これらを以下の表10にまとめる。
本発明の医薬組成物を、表15にさらに説明し、種々のパラメータの観察結果を表16に記載する。
薬剤、コレステロール、カプリル酸、およびPVP K−30を、ガラスバイアル中に正確に秤量した。
内容物を、必要な量の無水エタノールおよびPEG−400に、攪拌および45℃で加熱しながら溶解させ、濃縮溶液を得た。
濃縮溶液を、0.2μPVDFメンブランフィルターを通して濾過した。
ブドウ糖溶液(5w/v%)を、穏やかに振盪しながら、濃縮溶液(100mgの薬剤)を収容しているバイアルにゆっくりと加え、1.5mg/mlの希 釈度の透明から半透明のナノ分散体を得た。
ナノ分散体のpHを、pH計(Mettler Toledo−seven easy)を使用して確認する。
ナノ分散体の粒径を、粒径分析器(Nano−ZS、Malvern)により確認する。
胆汁酸/塩(グリココール酸ナトリウムおよびウルソデオキシコール酸)を使用して調製した本発明の医薬組成物を、以下の表19に説明する。
薬剤、胆汁酸/塩、カプリル酸、およびPVP K−30を、ガラスバイアル中に正確に秤量した。
内容物を、必要な量の無水エタノールおよびPEG−400に、攪拌および45℃で加熱しながら溶解させ、濃縮溶液を得た。
濃縮溶液を、0.2μPVDFメンブランフィルターを通して濾過した。
ブドウ糖溶液(5w/v%)を、穏やかに振盪しながら、濃縮溶液(100mgの薬剤)を収容しているバイアルにゆっくりと加え、1.5mg/mlの 希釈度の半透明のナノ分散体を得た。
ナノ分散体のpHを、pH計(Mettler Toledo−seven easy)を使用して確認する。
ナノ分散体の粒径を、粒径分析器(Nano−ZS、Malvern)により確認する。
薬剤、硫酸コレステリル、およびカプリル酸を、ガラスバイアル中に正確に秤量した。
内容物を、必要な量の無水エタノールおよびPEG−400に、攪拌および45℃で加熱しながら溶解させ、濃縮薬剤溶液を得た。
溶液を、0.2μPVDFメンブランフィルターを通して濾過した。
ヒアルロン酸ナトリウムをブドウ糖溶液(5w/v%)に溶解させ、濃縮薬剤溶液(30mg)を収容しているバイアルにゆっくりと加え、その後残りの5w/v%ブドウ糖溶液を穏やかに振盪しながら加え、1.5mg/mlの希釈度の半透明のナノ分散体を得た。
ナノ分散体のpHを、pH計(Mettler Toledo−seven easy)を使用して確認した。
ナノ分散体の粒径を、粒径分析器(Nano−ZS、Malvern)により確認した。
ポリビニルピロリドンの分子量が増加すると、凝集およびナノ分散体が安定なままでいる時間の点で、ナノ分散体の安定性が向上することが分かった。
内容物を、必要な量の無水エタノールおよびPEG−400に、攪拌および45℃で加熱しながら溶解させ、濃縮薬剤溶液を得た。
溶液を、0.2μPVDFメンブランフィルターを通して濾過した。
ブドウ糖溶液(5w/v%)を調製し、濃縮薬剤溶液(30mg)を収容しているバイアルにゆっくりと加え、その後残りの5w/v%ブドウ糖溶液を穏やかに振盪しながら加え、1.5mg/mlの希釈度の半透明のナノ分散体を得た。
ナノ分散体のpHを、pH計(Mettler Toledo−seven easy)を使用して確認した。
ナノ分散体の粒径を、粒径分析器(Nano−ZS、Malvern)により確認した。
CD−1マウスにおける本発明のパクリタキセルナノ分散体の急性毒性
試験品目
1.実施例12aの組成物を、5w/v%ブドウ糖により10mg/mlに希釈して、プラセボと共に使用した。
2.実施例9の組成物を、5w/v%ブドウ糖により8mg/mlに希釈して、プラセボと共に使用した。
3.0.9%塩化ナトリウムにより10mg/mlに希釈されるABRAXANE(登録商標)。
試験品目
1.実施例9の組成物を、5w/v%ブドウ糖により10mg/mlに希釈をして、プラセボと共に使用した。
2.0.9%塩化ナトリウムにより5mg/mlに希釈されたABRAXANE(登録商標)。
ラットを、動物四等分数3で、個別換気ケージシステム(IVC)の状態に5日間順応させた。獣医学的な健康チェックの後、5匹のオスおよび5匹のメスのSDラットを、各投与量群に割り付けた。ラットは、実験期間中、水および餌に自由にアクセスできた。以下の投与量の試験品目およびプラセボを、ビヒクルによる希釈をせずにそのまま、目盛り付きシリンジに結合した26ゲージの針を利用してラットの尾部静脈を通して静脈内投与した。注射前に、尾を温水で拭き、血管を拡張させた。注射後、1日2回1時間、投薬後4〜6時間動物を観察した。その後、ラットを1日2回観察し、中毒症状および死亡率がある場合には最長14日まで記録した。
実施例24Bの組成物を、5w/v%ブドウ糖により10mg/mlに希釈して、プラセボと共に使用し、10mg/mlに希釈された市販製剤Taxotere(登録商標)に、CD−1マウスにおける静脈内経路によるドセタキセルのナノ分散体およびプラセボの急性毒性試験を実施した。マウスを、動物四等分数2で、実験室の状態に6日間順応させた。獣医学的な健康チェックの後、5匹のオスおよび5匹のメスのマウスを、各投与量群にランダムに割り付けた。マウスは、実験期間中、水および餌に自由にアクセスできた。試験品目およびプラセボを、ビヒクルによる希釈をせずにそのまま、目盛り付きシリンジに結合した26ゲージの針を利用してマウスの尾部静脈を通して静脈内投与した。注射前に、尾を温水で拭き、血管を拡張させた。200、250、および300mg/kgの総投与量を、ドセタキセルナノ分散体(実施例24B)で試験し、プラセボを最高投与量(実施例24Bのプラセボ)で試験した。これらの製剤を、2回の投与/注射の間に1時間の間隔をおいて3分割された投与量にして、CD−1マウスに静脈内投与した。最後の注射後、1時間、投薬後4〜6時間動物を観察した。その後、マウスを1日2回観察し、臨床症状および死亡率を15日間観察した。投薬後1日、7日、および14日に、生存している動物の体重を記録した。15日に、生存している動物の剖検を実施し、もしある場合には総病理を記録した。
MX−1腫瘍異種移植片を移植されたヌードマウスにおけるパクリタキセルナノ分散体(実施例12a)の抗腫瘍効能(腫瘍縮小)
動物:種:マウス、株:Balb/cヌード、性別:メス、年齢:6〜8週齢(18.9g±1.8g)
ヒト腫瘍異種移植片:MX−1(乳房)
試験試料:実施例12aの組成物、5%ブドウ糖により2mg/mlに希釈。
参照:市販製剤ABRAXANE(登録商標)、0.9%塩化ナトリウムにより2mg/mlに再構成。
プラセボ:タキサン誘導体のない試験試料。
投与量:20mg/kg、5日間連続1日1回、静脈内投与経路、10ml/体重kg。
試験デザイン:
1.30mgから40mgの断片として、腫瘍を、動物の右脇腹に皮下経路で移植した。
2.治療開始前に、125mm3から132mm3のサイズ中央値に腫瘍を増大させる。
3.腫瘍を持つ動物を、10匹の動物からなる群に分ける。
4.動物に上述の投与量を与え、腫瘍を以下のとおり評価した。
中程度の抗腫瘍活性が、20mg/kgで(最適%T/C<20)(optimal T/C)で参照に見られたが、高度に有意な抗腫瘍活性が、20mg/体重kgで(最適%T/C<10)に試験で見られた。試験および参照の最適%T/C値は、それぞれ0および13.34であった。高度に有意な抗腫瘍活性が、ヌードマウスにおけるMX−1ヒト乳ガン異種移植片における20mg/kgで試験により(注射用のパクリタキセルナノ分散体濃縮液)示された。
MX−1腫瘍異種移植片を移植されたヌードマウスにおけるパクリタキセルナノ分散体(実施例9の組成物)の抗腫瘍効能(腫瘍縮小)
動物:種:マウス、株:無胸腺ヌード、性別:メス、年齢:6〜8週齢(20〜25g)
ヒト腫瘍異種移植片:MX−1(乳房)
試験試料:実施例9の組成物、5%ブドウ糖により2mg/mlに希釈。
参照:市販製剤ABRAXANE(登録商標)、0.9w/v%塩化ナトリウムにより2mg/mlに再構成。
投与量:20mg/kg、5日間連続1日1回、静脈内、10ml/体重kg。
試験デザイン:
1.おおよそ2×2mmの断片として、腫瘍を、動物の右脇腹に皮下経路で移植した。
2.治療開始前に、200mm3から220mm3のサイズに腫瘍を増大させた。
3.腫瘍を持つ動物を、10匹の動物からなる群に分けた。
4.動物に上述の投与量を投与し、腫瘍を以下のとおり評価した。
結果:高度に有意な抗腫瘍活性が、試験およびABRAXANE(登録商標)群(最適%T/C<10)で見られる。20mg/kg投与量での試験およびABRAXANE(登録商標)群の最適%T/C値は、それぞれ0.25および0.00であった。0日と比べて、プラセボ/対照群において、体重の有意な減少は見られなかった。高度に有意な抗腫瘍活性が、ヌードマウスにおけるMX−1ヒト乳ガン異種移植片における20mg/kgでの試験により(注射用のパクリタキセルナノ分散体濃縮液)示された。
HT−29ヒト結腸腫瘍異種移植片を移植されたヌードマウスにおけるパクリタキセルナノ分散体(実施例9の組成物)の抗腫瘍効能(腫瘍縮小)
動物:種:マウス、株:無胸腺ヌード、性別:オス、年齢:6〜8週齢(20〜25g)
ヒト腫瘍異種移植片:HT−29ヒト結腸
試験試料:実施例9の組成物、5%ブドウ糖により2mg/mlに希釈。
投与量:20mg/kg、5日間連続1日1回、静脈内、10ml/体重kg。
参照:
(a)市販製剤ABRAXANE(登録商標)、0.9%塩化ナトリウムにより2mg/mlに再構成され2mg/mlに希釈。
投与量:20mg/kg、5日間連続1日1回、静脈内、10ml/体重kg。
(b)市販製剤Oncotaxel(登録商標)
投与量:13.4mg/kg、5日連続1日1回、静脈内
試験デザイン:
1.おおよそ2×2×2mmの断片として、腫瘍を、動物の右脇腹に皮下経路で移植した。
2.治療開始前に、130mm3から160mm3のサイズに腫瘍を増大させた。
3.腫瘍を持つ動物を、10匹の動物からなる群に分けた。
4.動物に上述の投与量を投与し、腫瘍を以下のとおり評価した。
腫瘍評価:腫瘍は、日で表す時間に対して腫瘍体積(mm3)の減少で評価する。49日間のデータを図3にグラフで表す。
結果:高度に有意な抗腫瘍活性が、試験およびOncotaxel(登録商標)100群(最適%T/C<10)で見られる。20mg/kg投与量での試験および投与量13.4mg/kgでのOncotaxel(登録商標)100群の最適%T/C値は、それぞれ5.92および8.79であったが、中程度の抗腫瘍活性が、最適%T/C値20.33でABRAXANE(登録商標)により示される。高度に有意な抗腫瘍活性が、ヌードマウスにおけるHT−29ヒト結腸ガン異種移植片における20mg/kgでの試験により(注射用のパクリタキセルナノ分散体濃縮液)示された。
Claims (17)
- 水混和性溶媒および水を含んでなるビヒクル中に分散された、平均サイズ300nm未満のナノ粒子を含んでなるナノ分散体であって、前記ナノ粒子が、1種以上のタキサン誘導体、ポリマー、および、脂肪酸またはその塩と、ステロールまたはその誘導体またはその塩との混合物を含む界面活性剤を含んでなるナノ分散体。
- 前記タキサン誘導体が、パクリタキセル、ドセタキセル、またはその薬学的に許容できる塩から選択される、請求項1に記載のナノ分散体。
- 界面活性剤とタキサン誘導体との比が、約1:5から1:10であり、前記ナノ分散体が少なくとも4時間安定である、請求項1に記載のナノ分散体。
- 界面活性剤とパクリタキセルとの比が、約1:5から約1:10であり、前記ナノ分散体が24時間安定である、請求項2に記載のナノ分散体。
- 界面活性剤とドセタキセルとの比が約1:10であり、前記ナノ分散体が8時間安定である、請求項2に記載のナノ分散体。
- 前記ナノ粒子の平均サイズが、約10nmから約200nmである、請求項1に記載のナノ分散体。
- 前記水混和性溶媒が、アルコール、グリコールおよびその誘導体、ポリアルキレングリコールおよびその誘導体、グリセロール、グリコフロール、および、それらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項1に記載のナノ分散体。
- 前記水混和性溶媒が、アルコールおよびポリエチレングリコール(PEG)からなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載のナノ分散体。
- 前記ポリマーが水溶性ポリマーである、請求項1に記載のナノ分散体。
- 前記水溶性ポリマーが、ポリビニルピロリドンおよびポリエチレングリコールからなる群から選択される、請求項9に記載のナノ分散体。
- 使用されるポリビニルピロリドンが、1000から約50,000の範囲の分子量を有し、0.001w/v%から10w/v%の範囲の量で使用される、請求項10に記載のナノ分散体。
- 前記脂肪酸またはその塩が、カプリル酸、オレイン酸、ステアリン酸、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のナノ分散体。
- 前記ステロールまたはその誘導体またはその塩が、コレステロール、極性酸のコレステリルエステル、フィトステロール、胆汁酸、それらの誘導体、塩、および混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のナノ分散体。
- 前記極性酸が、コハク酸、ヘミコハク酸、硫酸、リン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン酸、ホウ酸からなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載のナノ粒子。
- 前記界面活性剤が、約0.001w/v%〜約5.0w/v%の範囲の量で使用される、請求項1に記載のナノ分散体。
- 水混和性溶媒中に、1種以上のタキサン誘導体、ポリマー、および、脂肪酸またはその塩と、ステロールまたはその誘導体またはその塩との混合物を含む界面活性剤を含んでなる溶液であって、水性液体ビヒクルによる希釈時にナノ分散体を生じる溶液。
- 1種以上のタキサン誘導体、ポリマー、および、脂肪酸またはその塩と、ステロールまたはその誘導体またはその塩との混合物を含む界面活性剤を含んでなり、平均粒径が300nm未満であるナノ粒子。
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