JP2014520104A - 酸化的熱水溶解法を用いた有機材料の製造 - Google Patents
酸化的熱水溶解法を用いた有機材料の製造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014520104A JP2014520104A JP2014513791A JP2014513791A JP2014520104A JP 2014520104 A JP2014520104 A JP 2014520104A JP 2014513791 A JP2014513791 A JP 2014513791A JP 2014513791 A JP2014513791 A JP 2014513791A JP 2014520104 A JP2014520104 A JP 2014520104A
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
酸化的熱水溶解(OHO)工程を用いた、石油材料などの有機材料、ならびに芳香族酸、フェノール、および脂肪族ポリカルボン酸の製造方法を開示する。OHD法は、過熱水を含有する反応器中で有機固体を酸化剤と接触させて1つ以上の可溶化有機溶質を形成させることを含む。この反応は、有機固体の高分子構造を分解して、さらに低分子量の断片にする。これらの低分子量の断片は水に溶ける。これらの可溶化断片は、溶解有機固体、可溶化有機物、または可溶化有機溶質と称される。可溶性断片は次に、多様な化学工程用または液体燃料としての原材料として使用される。もし可溶化断片が、低分子量の糖または酸化された低分子量の糖といった溶解炭化水素である場合には、この溶解炭化水素を発酵させてアルコールを製造するか、または他の多様な生成物を製造するために他の工程で使用してもよい。
Description
OHD法は、過熱水を含有する反応器中で有機固体を酸化剤と接触させて1つ以上の可溶化有機溶質を形成させることを含む。この反応は、それ以外の場合には水に溶けないであろう有機固体の高分子構造を分解して、さらに低分子量の断片にする。これらの低分子量の断片は水に溶ける。これらの可溶化断片は、溶解有機固体、可溶化有機物、または可溶化有機溶質と称される。可溶性断片は次に、多様な化学工程用または液体燃料としての原材料として使用される。1つの態様では、もし可溶化断片が、低分子量の糖または酸化された低分子量の糖といった溶解炭化水素である場合には、この溶解炭化水素を発酵させてアルコールを製造するか、または他の多様な生成物を製造するために他の工程で使用してもよい。
半連続流OHD装置の実施形態を、図2に概略的に示す。有機固体は、反応器6に投入してもよく、過熱水と酸化剤は、ポンプ1と2により反応器6に導入してもよい。もし酸化剤が、過酸化水素に由来する場合には、過酸化水素を、ヒーター3において分解してもよく、結果として生じる分子状酸素と過熱水はそれぞれ、ポート4と5を通して反応器に入れてもよい。さらなる構成要素または水をポート7を通じて反応器6に導入してもよい。有機固体と酸化剤との間の反応が反応器6において生じ、可溶化有機溶質を生成して、この溶質は反応器6を脱出して、チラー8に入ってもよい。排液を容器9に収集してもよく、データを検出器10により収集する。
本明細書における上述のOHD法は、他の実施形態における歴青砂または油頁岩から石油材料を回収するために使用される。本実施形態における石油材料を回収するために使用される特定の装置、操作システム、および反応物は、歴青砂または油頁岩が存在する堆積物の性質や場所、および抽出しようとする所望の石油材料に応じて、多様であってもよい。
本明細書において上述したOHD法を使用して、芳香族酸、フェノール、および脂肪族酸を含むがこれらに限定されるものではない、化学工業に有用な原材料や他の有機化合物を製造してもよい。原材料や他の有機化合物を製造するために使用される特定の装置、操作システム、および反応物は、OHD装置への供給原料を製造するもとになる特定の有機固体材料だけでなく、OHD法を用いて製造しようとする所望の有機生成物に応じて多様であってもよい。本実施形態におけるOHD法において供給原料として使用するのに適切な有機物質の非制限的な例は、石炭、炭質頁岩、有機物を豊富に含む炭酸塩岩、歴青砂、リグノセルロース系バイオマス、褐炭、歴青炭、無煙炭、木炭、およびケロゲンを含む。本明細書で使用されるように「ケロゲン」は、油頁岩を含む、しかしそれには限定されない堆積岩中で有機物質の一部を構成する有機化学化合物の混合物のことをいう。
〔表1〕
表1:OHD法を用いて製造される有機合物
注:R1=HもしくはOHまたはOCH3、R2=HもしくはOH、またはOCH3、R3=HまたはCH3、そしてnは1から30またはそれ以上の整数である。
アサバスカ油砂の歴青砂の試料を、本明細書において上述したOHD法を用いて処理した。比較案として、無機マトリクスからの有機物質の分離と回収についてのOHDの相対的な有効性を評価するため、原料砂を、温水抽出により生成した生成物と比較(現状の抽出技術を近似的に評価するため、有機溶媒を用いた綿密な実験室抽出とOHD)した。可溶性および不溶性の両方の生成物を、各方法による処理後に回収し、分析した。不溶性生成物を、炭素量と高温による灰収量とについて分析し、有機歴青の除去の効率を決定した。可溶性生成物を回収し分析して、各方法により回収された有機材料の性質を調査した。
〔表2〕
表2:不溶性生成物の分析
アサバスカ油砂の歴青砂試料を、本明細書において上述したOHD法を用いて処理した。可溶性生成物を回収し、実施例1に記載のものと同様の方法により分析した。
ユタ州サニーサイドの歴青砂試料を、本明細書において上述したOHD法により処理した。可溶性生成物を回収し、実施例1に記載のものと同様の方法により分析した。
イリノイ炭の試料を、本明細書において上述したOHD法により処理した。可溶性生成物を回収し、実施例1に記載のものと同様の方法により分析した。イリノイ炭に由来するOHD溶液をGC−MS分析した結果をまとめたトータルイオンクロマトグラムを、図に11に示す。OHD溶液を、480°の温度で約10秒間、熱分解した。水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムをOHD溶液に加え、酸性の酸素含有官能基(フェノール+カルボン酸塩)のin situ誘導体化をおこなった。具体的なピークに関連する具体的な化合物の主要リストを表3に示す。
〔表3〕
表3:イリノイ炭に由来するOHD溶液中の具体的な有機化合物
軟材(針葉樹)のリグニン試料を、本明細書において上述したOHD法により処理した。リグニンを豊富に含む草(竹)の第2の試料を、本明細書において上述したOHD法により処理した。可溶性生成物を回収し、実施例1に記載のものと同様の方法により分析した。図22に、針葉樹リグニンに由来するOHD溶液をGC−MS分析した結果をまとめたトータルイオンクロマトグラムを示す。図23に、竹リグニンに由来するOHD溶液のGC−MS分析の結果をまとめたトータルイオンクロマトグラムを示す。
炭質頁岩の試料を、本明細書において上述したOHD法により処理した。可溶性生成物を回収し、実施例1に記載のものと同様の方法により分析した。図24に、炭質頁岩に由来するOHD溶液をGC−MS分析した結果をまとめたトータルイオンクロマトグラムを示す。水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムをOHD溶液に加え、酸性の酸素含有官能基(フェノール+カルボン酸塩)のin situ誘導体化をおこなった。具体的なピークに関連する具体的な化合物の主要リストを表4に示す。
〔表4〕
サトウキビバガスの試料を、本明細書において上述したOHD法により処理した。可溶性の生成物を回収し、実施例1に記載のものと同様の方法により分析した。図25に、サトウキビバガスに由来するOHD溶液をGC−MS分析した結果をまとめたトータルイオンクロマトグラムを示す。水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムをOHD溶液に加え、酸性の酸素含有官能基(フェノール+カルボン酸塩)のin situ誘導体化をおこなった。具体的なピークに関連する具体的な化合物の主要リストを表5に示す。
〔表5〕
表5:サトウキビバガスに由来するOHD溶液中の具体的な有機化合物
Claims (20)
- 有機固体と無機マトリクスを含む複合材料中に含まれる有機固体を可溶化する方法(100)であって、
過熱水中で複合材料を酸化剤と接触させて、少なくとも1つ以上の可溶化有機溶質を含む水性混合物を形成すること、
を含む方法。 - 酸化剤が分子状酸素(O2)である、請求項1に記載の方法(100)。
- 分子状酸素を、
過酸化水素のin situ分解、
液化空気の分留、
水の電気分解、
貯蔵酸素供給源からの移送、
空気からの膜分離、および
それらの任意の組み合わせ
からなる群から選択されるいずれかの方法により供給する、請求項2に記載の方法(100)。 - 分子状酸素を、過酸化水素のin situ分解により供給する、請求項3に記載の方法(100)。
- 複合材料を、過熱水中で約100℃から約374℃までの範囲の温度で酸化剤に接触させる、請求項1に記載の方法(100)。
- 複合材料を、過熱水中で約200℃から約350℃までの範囲の温度で酸化剤に接触させる、請求項5に記載の方法(100)。
- 複合材料を過熱水中で約100kPaから約22MPaまでの範囲の圧力で酸化剤に接触させる、請求項1に記載の方法(100)。
- 複合材料を過熱水中で約1.5MPaから約17MPaまでの範囲の圧力で酸化剤に接触させる、請求項7に記載の方法(100)。
- 複合材料を、過熱水中で約12MPaから約16MPaまでの範囲の圧力で酸化剤に接触させる、請求項8記載の方法(100)。
- 複合材料を、石炭、歴青砂、炭質頁岩、バイオマス、およびそれらの任意の混合物からなる群から選択する、請求項1に記載の方法(100)。
- 複合材料はバイオマスであり、少なくとも1つの可溶化有機溶質が、低分子量の糖、酸化された低分子量の糖、およびそれらの任意の組み合わせの少なくとも1つを含む方法、請求項10に記載の方法(100)。
- 複合材料を反応器(200)において過熱水中で酸化剤に接触させ、複合材料、酸化剤、および過熱水を非気相に維持して、反応容器(200)に頭隙が形成されるのを抑制する、請求項1に記載の方法(100)。
- 水性混合物を約20℃に冷却することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法(100)。
- 水性混合物は、約1から約5までの範囲のpH値を有する、請求項1に記載の方法(100)。
- 水性混合物は、複合材料からの有機固体の少なくとも50%を含む、請求項1に記載の方法(100)。
- 水性混合物は、複合材料からの有機固体の少なくとも90%を含む、請求項15に記載の方法(100)。
- 水性混合物は、複合材料からの有機固体の少なくとも95%を含む、請求項16に記載の方法(100)。
- 複合材料を微粉砕すること、および
複合材料と酸化剤を過熱水中で接触させるのに先立って、微粉砕された複合材料と水を混合してスラリーを形成すること、
をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法(100)。 - 粉砕された複合材料は、60メッシュから20メッシュの範囲にある粒子サイズを有する、請求項18に記載の方法(100)。
- 請求項1〜19のいずれかに記載の方法(100)の可溶化有機溶質。
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JP2014513791A Pending JP2014520104A (ja) | 2011-06-03 | 2012-06-04 | 酸化的熱水溶解法を用いた有機材料の製造 |
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EP (1) | EP2714855A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2014520104A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140090564A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103764804A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2012261870A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112013031137A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2836738A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2604726C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012167252A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA201308767B (ja) |
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FI20135224A (fi) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-09-09 | Upm Kymmene Corp | Prosessi bioöljyn konvertoimiseksi |
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JP2000084520A (ja) * | 1998-09-10 | 2000-03-28 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 木質系廃棄物の処理方法 |
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JP2002233400A (ja) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-20 | Mokushitsu Biomass Energie Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai | 木質バイオマスを原料にした分解物質の製造方法および装置 |
JP2008514391A (ja) * | 2004-09-24 | 2008-05-08 | キャンビ・バイオエタノール・アンパルトセルスカブ | 望ましい生物系産物を生成することを目的としてバイオマスおよび有機廃棄物を処理する方法 |
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WO2010093785A2 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-19 | Southern Illinois University | Process for the dissolution of coal, biomass and other organic solids in superheated water |
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2012
- 2012-06-04 KR KR1020137031981A patent/KR20140090564A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-06-04 CN CN201280026415.5A patent/CN103764804A/zh active Pending
- 2012-06-04 CA CA2836738A patent/CA2836738A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-04 AU AU2012261870A patent/AU2012261870A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-04 BR BR112013031137A patent/BR112013031137A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-06-04 JP JP2014513791A patent/JP2014520104A/ja active Pending
- 2012-06-04 EP EP12793493.3A patent/EP2714855A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-06-04 WO PCT/US2012/040746 patent/WO2012167252A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-06-04 RU RU2013157530/04A patent/RU2604726C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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2013
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JP2000084520A (ja) * | 1998-09-10 | 2000-03-28 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | 木質系廃棄物の処理方法 |
JP2001062424A (ja) * | 1999-08-27 | 2001-03-13 | Shinko Pantec Co Ltd | ケミカルリサイクル処理方法及び装置 |
JP2002233400A (ja) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-20 | Mokushitsu Biomass Energie Gijutsu Kenkyu Kumiai | 木質バイオマスを原料にした分解物質の製造方法および装置 |
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WO2010093785A2 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-19 | Southern Illinois University | Process for the dissolution of coal, biomass and other organic solids in superheated water |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2714855A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
BR112013031137A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
EP2714855A4 (en) | 2014-11-12 |
WO2012167252A9 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
KR20140090564A (ko) | 2014-07-17 |
RU2604726C2 (ru) | 2016-12-10 |
NZ618723A (en) | 2015-12-24 |
ZA201308767B (en) | 2015-02-25 |
CN103764804A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
RU2013157530A (ru) | 2015-07-20 |
CA2836738A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
AU2012261870A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
WO2012167252A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
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