JP2014517142A - パーコレータ技術でガス拡散電極を電気化学セル内に組み込む代替方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
[0002]本発明は、請求項1のプレアンブルにおいて特徴付けられている電気化学装置に関する。これは、たとえば電気分解装置、バッテリ、アキュムレータ、または燃料電池の場合のように、電気化学反応が生じる装置を規定する。
(1) 4NaCl→2Cl2+4Na++4e−
遊離したアルカリイオンはカソードに移動し、カソードでは、そこで生成された水酸化物イオンと共に苛性ソーダを形成する。水素もまた形成される。
(2) 4H2O+4e−→2H2+4OH−
生成された苛性ソーダは、カチオン交換膜によりアノード側に供給されるハロゲン化アルカリから分離され、したがって分離が達成される。カチオン交換膜は現況技術であり、いくつかの異なる供給者から市販されている。
(3) O2+2H2O+4e−→4OH−
酸素は、純ガスとして、または空気として供給することができる。ガス拡散電極を使用する塩化ナトリウム電気分解のための以下の反応全体が生じる。すなわち、
(4) 4NaCl+O2+2H2O→4HaOH+2Cl2
反応(3)の標準電位は+0.4Vであるので、GDE技術は、水素形成を伴う従来の電気分解に比べて著しい電力節約をもたらす。
[0026]また、この電気化学セルは、燃料および酸化剤を追加することによって化学エネルギが電力に変換される燃料電池として使用することができる。
− ガス拡散電極を容易に設置および取外しすることができる。
− 本発明によりガス拡散電極を固定することにより、ガス空間が電解質空間から適切に密封されることが保証される。
− 電気化学反応に使用するために、大きな活性電極表面が使用可能である。
1 成形内部構造物
2 シール
3 ガス拡散電極
4 支持システム
5 膜
6 フレームガスケット
7 電解質空間
8 多孔性材料
9 電解質供給用デバイス
10 電解質排出用デバイス
11 カソード 区画
12 アノード 区画
13 外壁
14a、b アノード区画のフランジ型領域
15a、b カソード区画のフランジ型領域
16 電気化学セルの下端部
17 ガス拡散電極の下縁部
18 電気化学セルの上端部
19 ガス拡散電極の上縁部
20 ガス供給用デバイス
21 ガス排出用デバイス
22 ガス空間
23 電解質空間をガス空間から密封するための手段
Claims (9)
- 膜(5)によって互いに分離され、対応する電極を有するアノード区画(12)およびカソード区画(11)であって、
外壁(13)をそれぞれが有し、2つの区画の接触領域においてフレームのように設計されたフランジ型領域(14a、14b、15a、15b)をそれぞれが有するアノード区画(12)およびカソード区画(11)と、
触媒材料で被覆された通液性キャリアを含み、その下縁部(17)において触媒で被覆されていない領域を備えたガス拡散電極(3)であって、前記領域は、電気化学セルの下端部(16)で、前記カソード区画の前記外壁の前記フランジ型領域(15b)と前記アノード区画の前記外壁の前記フランジ型領域(14b)との間で前記2つの区画の前記接触領域において突出し、多孔性材料(8)が、ガス拡散電極(3)と前記膜(5)の間で平行に配置された、ガス拡散電極(3)と、
ガス(20、21)および電解質(9、10)を供給および排出するためのデバイスであって、ガス空間(22)が、適切な手段(23)によって電解質空間(7)から分離された、デバイスと
を備えた電気化学セルにおいて、
前記カソード区画(11)内の前記電解質空間(7)は、前記ガス拡散電極(3)の上縁部(19)が中に突出する成形内部構造物(1)を備え、前記上縁部は、前記ガス拡散電極(3)を前記成形内部構造物(1)内で固定するシール(2)が取り付けられ、前記ガス拡散電極(3)は、ぴんと張ったガス拡散電極の垂線に対して90°未満の曲げ半径αを有することを特徴とする電気化学セル。 - 前記カソード区画(11)の前記成形内部構造物(1)内に突出する前記ガス拡散電極(3)の前記上縁部(19)は、ぴんと張ったガス拡散電極の前記垂線に対して55〜75°の曲げ半径αを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- シール(2)により前記成形内部構造物(1)内に固定された前記ガス拡散電極(3)の前記上縁部(19)の下方には、別の層があり、これは前記ガス拡散電極と同じ材料のものであることが好ましいことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記カソード区画(11)の前記成形内部構造物(1)は、任意の幾何形状、好ましくはV字形または台形のものであり、特に好ましくは、U字形であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載のデバイス。
- 前記ガス拡散電極(3)の前記上縁部(19)にある前記成形内部構造物(1)内に設けられた前記シール(2)は、中空セクションシールであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載のデバイス。
- 前記シール(2)は、最大約100℃の温度で苛性ソーダおよび酸素に耐性がある材料製であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の装置。
- 複数の電気化学セルがスタック内に配置された電気分解装置内の電解セルとしての、請求項1に記載の電気化学セルの使用。
- 化学エネルギが電気化学的酸化還元反応を介して電力に変換されるバッテリとしての、請求項1に記載の電気化学セルの使用。
- 燃料および酸化剤を追加することによって化学エネルギが電力に変換される燃料電池としての、請求項1に記載の電気化学セルの使用。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102011017264A DE102011017264A1 (de) | 2011-04-15 | 2011-04-15 | Alternativer Einbau einer Gas-Diffussions-Elektrode in eine elektrochemische Zelle |
DE102011017264.5 | 2011-04-15 | ||
PCT/EP2012/001533 WO2012139741A2 (de) | 2011-04-15 | 2012-04-07 | Alternativer einbau einer gas-diffusions-elektrode in eine elektrochemische zelle mit percolatortechnologie |
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US (1) | US9562294B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2697410B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6013448B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140021666A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103492615B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112013026453A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2833182A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102011017264A1 (ja) |
EA (1) | EA023647B1 (ja) |
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US9200375B2 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2015-12-01 | Calera Corporation | Systems and methods for preparation and separation of products |
TWI633206B (zh) | 2013-07-31 | 2018-08-21 | 卡利拉股份有限公司 | 使用金屬氧化物之電化學氫氧化物系統及方法 |
DE102013225159B4 (de) * | 2013-12-06 | 2016-02-25 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Anordnung elektrochemischer Zellen |
CN107109672B (zh) | 2014-09-15 | 2019-09-27 | 卡勒拉公司 | 使用金属卤化物形成产物的电化学系统和方法 |
CN108290807B (zh) | 2015-10-28 | 2021-07-16 | 卡勒拉公司 | 电化学、卤化和氧卤化的系统及方法 |
US10619254B2 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2020-04-14 | Calera Corporation | Electrochemical, chlorination, and oxychlorination systems and methods to form propylene oxide or ethylene oxide |
US10556848B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2020-02-11 | Calera Corporation | Systems and methods using lanthanide halide |
US10590054B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2020-03-17 | Calera Corporation | Methods and systems to form propylene chlorohydrin from dichloropropane using Lewis acid |
CN109536989A (zh) * | 2018-08-26 | 2019-03-29 | 熵零技术逻辑工程院集团股份有限公司 | 一种电化学合成装置 |
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JP2005504893A (ja) * | 2001-10-02 | 2005-02-17 | バイエル マテリアルサイエンス アーゲー | 特に塩素の電気化学的製造のための電解槽 |
JP2005509744A (ja) * | 2001-11-12 | 2005-04-14 | ウデノラ・テクノロジーズ・ソチエタ・ア・レスポンサビリタ・リミタータ | ガス拡散電極を備えた電解セル |
JP2009533553A (ja) * | 2006-04-12 | 2009-09-17 | インドゥストリエ・デ・ノラ・ソチエタ・ペル・アツィオーニ | 電解液浸透型セル用ガス拡散電極 |
WO2009146924A1 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Method for the production of an electrochemical cell |
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US4614575A (en) | 1984-11-19 | 1986-09-30 | Prototech Company | Polymeric hydrogel-containing gas diffusion electrodes and methods of using the same in electrochemical systems |
DE4444114C2 (de) * | 1994-12-12 | 1997-01-23 | Bayer Ag | Elektrochemische Halbzelle mit Druckkompensation |
JP2002502463A (ja) | 1997-06-03 | 2002-01-22 | デ・ノラ・テクノロジー・エレットロキミケ・ソチエタ・ペル・アツィオー二 | イオン交換膜2極電解槽 |
DE10152792A1 (de) | 2001-10-25 | 2003-05-08 | Bayer Ag | Methode zur Integration einer Gasdiffusionselektrode in einen elektrochemischen Reaktionsapparat |
DE10330232A1 (de) | 2003-07-04 | 2005-01-20 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Elektrochemische Halbzelle |
DE102004018748A1 (de) | 2004-04-17 | 2005-11-10 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Elektrochemische Zelle |
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US1971763A (en) * | 1928-09-13 | 1934-08-28 | Electron Chemical Company | Electrolytic cell |
JP2000119888A (ja) * | 1998-10-13 | 2000-04-25 | Toagosei Co Ltd | ガス拡散電極の取付け、排電方法 |
JP2000239880A (ja) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-09-05 | Choichi Furuya | 金属枠付き凸型ガス拡散電極及びイオン交換膜法食塩電解槽 |
JP2000273679A (ja) * | 1999-03-25 | 2000-10-03 | Choichi Furuya | ガス拡散電極のシール方法及び導電性接合剤 |
JP2005504893A (ja) * | 2001-10-02 | 2005-02-17 | バイエル マテリアルサイエンス アーゲー | 特に塩素の電気化学的製造のための電解槽 |
JP2005509744A (ja) * | 2001-11-12 | 2005-04-14 | ウデノラ・テクノロジーズ・ソチエタ・ア・レスポンサビリタ・リミタータ | ガス拡散電極を備えた電解セル |
WO2003102271A2 (en) * | 2002-06-04 | 2003-12-11 | De Nora Elettrodi S.P.A | Distributing element for electrolyte percolation electrochemical cell |
JP2009533553A (ja) * | 2006-04-12 | 2009-09-17 | インドゥストリエ・デ・ノラ・ソチエタ・ペル・アツィオーニ | 電解液浸透型セル用ガス拡散電極 |
WO2009146924A1 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Method for the production of an electrochemical cell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EA201391535A1 (ru) | 2014-03-31 |
EP2697410B1 (de) | 2015-06-03 |
WO2012139741A2 (de) | 2012-10-18 |
EP2697410A2 (de) | 2014-02-19 |
CN103492615A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
WO2012139741A3 (de) | 2013-04-25 |
JP6013448B2 (ja) | 2016-10-25 |
CN103492615B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
EA023647B1 (ru) | 2016-06-30 |
US20140093810A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
KR20140021666A (ko) | 2014-02-20 |
US9562294B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 |
CA2833182A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
DE102011017264A1 (de) | 2012-10-18 |
BR112013026453A2 (pt) | 2018-04-24 |
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