JP2014506224A - Methods for treating vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste - Google Patents

Abstract

  The present invention is a method for treating vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste, comprising a) fermenting the vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste, b) at least partially fermented waste and compost from step a) And c) composting the mixture thus obtained to obtain compost, wherein the percentage of dry matter by weight of the mixture obtained in step b) is at least 35. The invention also relates to a method for providing carbon dioxide and / or heat to a greenhouse. The invention also relates to a method for composting fermented vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste. The present invention further relates to a waste treatment facility for treating vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and waste treatment facility for treating vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste (VFG). Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for providing the greenhouse with carbon dioxide and / or heat obtained from fermentation and composting of vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste.

  Currently, vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste (in this case VFG waste) are useful through at least two separate industrially applied biological degradation processes: anaerobic fermentation and composting. Can be recycled into products.

  Anaerobic fermentation used in the organic waste treatment industry is a biological process mediated by microorganisms, primarily bacteria, which is used to produce biogas as an energy source. This anaerobic fermentation process involves several stages of organic matter decomposition including hydrolysis, acid fermentation, acetic acid fermentation and methane fermentation. During this fermentation process, biogas, mainly methane and carbon dioxide, is produced at the same time as a residue called digestion residue. Fermentation processes can be categorized as high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature fermentation depending on the temperature at which the fermentation occurs.

  A second process suitable for the treatment of VFG waste is composting, which is a decomposition process in which organic matter is partially broken down into smaller organic molecules. This aerobic process is carried out on an industrial scale by microorganisms, mainly bacteria and fungi. During this process, a somewhat dry residue called heat, water, carbon dioxide and compost is obtained.

  Both processes are applied as a means of treating organic waste in the waste treatment industry, but it is not possible to actually implement, apply and / or optimize as a combination on an industrial scale of the two techniques in a simple manner. Cannot be achieved. There are many aspects that need to be considered when trying to optimize the processing of VFG waste in order to achieve economically and industrially applicable techniques suitable for the treatment of organic waste. is there. Such aspects to consider include the type, size, quantity or nature of organic waste provided or supplied to the treatment facility. In addition, seasonal changes in the type, size, amount and nature of the organic waste supplied further adds to the complexity faced by treatment facilities. Furthermore, fermentation and composting is a naturally occurring process that is applied directly to a very heterogeneous and non-uniform source of solid organic waste, which is sometimes an aspect of the treatment process. It is unclear whether it can be optimized. As a result, design a treatment facility capable of operating at an economically competitive rate that allows for predictable treatment throughout the year of the supply of crude organic matter, which varies greatly and varies with the seasons. Is a technical challenge.

  Another problem currently faced by the VFG waste treatment industry is that during the treatment of the organic waste of the municipality, the pretreatment of the digestion residue necessary to produce a digestion residue particularly suitable for composting is desirable. There is no moist fraction to produce. The disposal of this wet fraction is expensive and is generally limited by local jurisdiction. In addition, pre-treatment of digestion residues currently being implemented results in significant investment, high running costs and high maintenance costs, all of which are important for this sensitive and fragile process because downtime must be avoided. Is a point.

  Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a processing facility for vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for providing carbon dioxide and / or heat to a greenhouse and a method for composting vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste.

    In particular, the above objective is accomplished by a method and device as defined in the appended claims.

In particular, the present invention is a method for treating vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste,
a) fermenting vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste;
b) mixing the mixed compost further comprising at least partially fermented waste from step a) and optionally further non-fermented VFG waste;
c) Composting the mixture thus obtained to obtain compost.
Relates to a method comprising:

  The mixture obtained in step b), containing compost and / or VFG waste, and prior to their composting in step c) is 35% to 55%, preferably 40% to Most preferably it contains 50%, more preferably 42% to 48%, most preferably 44% to 46% dry matter. In these areas of dry matter, composting of the mixture proceeds in an appropriate manner, resulting in the production of compost, heat and water.

  Technically, however, there appears to be no upper limit on the dry weight percentage of the mixture. Therefore, in a more preferred embodiment, prior to composting, including compost and / or VFG waste, by weight of the mixture, at least 35%, preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 42%, most preferably A mixture containing at least 44% dry matter is used for composting in step c). The advantage of using the dry matter range or lower limit disclosed herein is that if the mixture contains a higher amount of digestion residue, especially if the compost and / or VFG waste fraction contains a high dry matter content, It can be included. In this way, more digestion residues can be composted in the same composting facility, thus improving the overall throughput of the composting process.

  Here, VFG waste includes organic degradable waste from households, local governments and / or industries such as the food industry, catering industry, industrial scale greenhouses that do not exclude private greenhouses, etc. . Here, VGF waste includes fruits, vegetables, kitchen waste, leftovers from meals, ground coffee, paper, cardboard, eggshell, horticultural waste, such as plants, flowers, trees, leaves, grass, animal dung. Or other animal-derived waste such as meat, animal fat. VFG waste contains primarily organic matter, but VFG waste also contains less but usually inorganic matter such as soil, sand and stone.

  Here, VFG waste also means VFG waste separated from the source or not separated from the source. VFG waste that is not separated at the source is commonly referred to as Organic Wet Fraction, or OWF. Even though there may be a difference between the presence of contaminants in compost derived from VFG waste separated from the source or from VFG waste (or OWF) not separated from the source, VFG waste disposal solutions are generally provided. Therefore, the meaning of VFG waste in this specification includes OWF.

  The production of compost derived from VFG waste separated from the source is advantageous for the organic waste treatment industry because the compost is of high quality and can be easily used in agricultural applications. Separation of organic waste after collection at the source yields organic waste that can be easily composted, but such waste-derived compost is usually composed of compounds such as heavy metals or other impurities. Contaminated and low quality compost. Generally, such compost needs to be disposed of, included or dumped in a manner that does not expose it to a high cost environment. Despite such differences, any VFG waste can be treated and composted according to the present invention.

  The term “composting” as used herein is an art-recognized meaning, that is, organic waste is decomposed by aeration at a sufficiently high temperature (up to 70 ° C.) to obtain compost. It is used in the sense that it can be done. The term “at least partially fermented VFG waste” as used herein means VFG waste that has been fermented to the extent that biogas is formed. This term also includes digestion residues. The term “digestion residue” as used herein means the material that remains after anaerobic fermentation of VGF waste. In such anaerobic fermentation, two main products are obtained, digestion residues and biogas. Furthermore, the digestion residue as meant herein is characterized in that it can comprise any amount of dry matter of 15 to 40, preferably 20 to 30 percent by weight of the digestion residue.

  An advantage of the present invention is that at least partially fermented VFG waste or digestion residue is composted without the need to pre-treat the at least partially fermented VFG waste or digestion residue prior to its composting. Is now possible.

  Current treatment of VFG waste, including fermentation and subsequent composting, generally results in the formation of digestion residues from fermentation that are not yet suitable for composting. In order to make this digest residue suitable for composting, it is necessary to pre-treat so as to obtain a dry fraction suitable for subsequent composting. Such pretreatment routinely performed in the art is generally achieved by applying pressure on the digestion residue, for example by using the pressure of a screw or by gravity. As a result, water flows out of the digestion residue, resulting in stocks commonly referred to as dry and wet fractions. This dry fraction is suitable for composting. Wet fractionation is a highly undesirable by-product and its disposal is a major disadvantage for the organic waste treatment industry. Disposal of this wet fraction, for example as fertilizer or landfill, is not always acceptable as it is costly and local competent jurisdictions will prevent or limit such disposal .

  Because at least partially fermented VGF waste or digestion residue obtained from fermentation of VFG waste can be composted without separation into dry and wet fractions, By means of an unfractionated digestion residue, the process according to the invention is more cost effective and effective than a process that requires such a pretreatment of the digestion residue.

  A further advantage of the present invention is that substantially only biogas is obtained from the fermentation step and compost, heat and water are obtained by subsequent steps in the waste treatment. Thus, the present invention allows the processing of VFG waste without the generation of wet fractions derived from digestion residues. Since the method according to the invention produces only heat, water, compost and biogas, problems associated with the disposal of wet fractions derived from digestion residues are prevented.

Detailed Description of the Invention

  In a preferred embodiment, the at least partially fermented waste from step b) is a digested residue obtained from a fermented VFG waste or a combination of digested residues as described above and at least partially fermented VFG waste. is there. In practice, the at least partially fermented VGF waste of step a) is produced in the same processing plant when the composting of step c) is carried out. However, it is also possible to combine at least partially fermented VGF waste with compost from any other processing plant.

According to the present invention, fermentation of VFG waste will proceed such that a significant amount of biogas (primarily methane and CO ₂ ) is produced and a fermented or digested residue is produced. Preferably, such digestion residues as meant herein are substantially residues derived from complete fermentation of VFG waste. Such fermentation is preferably high temperature fermentation, but may be medium temperature or low temperature fermentation. Suitable high-temperature fermentation conditions are to feed the feed from a continuous and / or evenly spread batch fermentor or digester; maintain the fermentation process at a temperature of 50-60 ° C, preferably about 55 ° C. Including, but not limited to, maintaining the water content of the fermentor at 60-80%, preferably about 70%; and fermenting for 8-30 days, preferably about 14 days.

  In yet another preferred embodiment, the quotient of the digestion residue and / or the weight of at least partially fermented VFG waste divided by the weight of compost and / or vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste of the mixture is composting Before 0.3 to 2.0, preferably 0.4 to 1.5, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5, most preferably 0.6 to 1.2 or about 0.7. .

  Due to the composting of digestion residues, at least partially fermented VFG waste, compost and / or mixtures containing vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste in these ranges, mixtures containing a greater amount of digestion residues, especially compost fractions And / or when the VFG waste contains dry matter at high content. In this way, more digestion residue can be composted by the same composting facility, thus increasing the throughput of the entire composting process.

  Another advantage of the present invention is the flexibility of the treatment process, which allows variations in the amount and nature of VFG waste supplied to the waste treatment facility. For example, the mixture that can be composted in step c) can comprise a wide percentage of dried organic material to be composted. This allows digestion residues to be composted without separating them into wet and dry fractions. It also allows flexibility in the amount of compost and / or VFG waste to be added to the fermented waste of step a) for composting.

  Another advantage of this flexibility is that the treatment process, and thereby the treatment facility, can cope with seasonal changes in the supply of VFG waste as a whole. The system allows excess VFG waste to be composted without prior fermentation when the fermenter, or digester, is used at its highest capacity. This flexibility also allows the implementation of fermenters designed to process the lowest seasonal supply of VFG waste rather than their highest seasonal supply. Since the fermenter is the most expensive part of such a processing facility, it is advantageous to use the method according to the invention which provides such flexibility.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the mixture of step c) is mixed prior to its composting. A suitable mixing means for the mixing is a compost mixer. Composting and / or mixing of vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste with at least partially fermented waste increases the homogeneity of the mixture prior to composting. Thus, mixing supports a uniform processing and uniform composting process. In the test described in Example 2, it was surprisingly found that mixing increased the bulk density of the mixture from about 700 kg / m ³ to about 850 kg / m ³ . This increases the available space and capacity of the composting facility by at least 20%.

  In a preferred embodiment, the composting of the mixture of step c) is for a period of 4 to 40 days, preferably 14 to 16 days.

  In yet another preferred embodiment, the compost from step c) is added in step b). The advantage of using the compost of step c) in step b) allows the compost from step c) to be further composted, resulting in a high stability of the compost and the optimal material available in the processing facility. To bring further use.

  Since processing of VFG waste is preferably performed in a single waste treatment facility, the at least partially fermented waste or digestion residue from step b) is preferably fermented VFG from step a). Waste.

  In still other preferred embodiments, the at least partially fermented waste or digestion residue comprises 20 to 38, preferably 24 to 34, more preferably 26 to 32 weight percent dry matter.

  In yet another preferred embodiment, the compost comprises 40 to 90, preferably 50 to 80, more preferably 60 to 70 weight percent dry matter. Said compost may be compost added in step b) and / or compost from step c).

  In yet another preferred embodiment, the VFG waste comprises 25-60, preferably 30-50 weight percent dry matter.

  To obtain a sufficiently dry mixture that can be composted in step c), what ratio of at least partially fermented waste or digestion residue, compost or VFG waste is used in step b) of the present invention. It will be clear to those skilled in the art whether it can be used.

  In yet another preferred embodiment, the VFG waste of step b) is substantially untreated or unfermented VFG waste. By untreated or unfermented VGF waste is meant herein VFG waste that has not been subjected to industrial fermentation and / or composting processes. Fermentation and composting are naturally occurring processes and VFG waste is usually collected at a waste disposal facility a few weeks after being disposed of, so VFG waste can show signs of fermentation or possibly composting . Despite such signs, such VFG waste is considered herein as untreated, unfermented VFG waste.

  In yet another preferred embodiment, the VFG waste of step a) is screened and / or chopped prior to fermentation. The sieving and / or shredding of VFG waste has the advantage that a substantially full stream of VFG waste can be treated and / or handled by a VFG waste treatment facility. The sieving of VFG waste has the further advantage that the surface area of the fraction to be fermented is sufficiently large to allow a proper and substantially complete fermentation of the fermentable material.

  In yet another preferred embodiment, the compost from step c) is fractionated into fractions of size <15 mm, 15-40 mm and> 40 mm, preferably by sieving. Generally, the <15 mm fraction is considered the final product of the VFG treatment and is suitable for launch as compost. If such compost is unsuitable for launch, for example because it contains too many toxic compounds or the compost contains too many impurities, it will be prevented from being exposed to the environment. Need to be disposed of.

  In yet another preferred embodiment, unfractionated compost is added to the at least partially fermented waste or digestion residue of step b). From a financial point of view, although unscreened compost is a preferred choice of compost for circulation, screened compost can also be used for circulation. Not only unfractionated, but also the circulation of sieved or fractionated compost is advantageous because such compost can be composted more efficiently and effectively. In addition or alternatively, digestion residues can also be sieved and then mixed with compost and / or VFG waste.

  It is preferred to use unfractionated compost or larger size (> 15 mm) compost for mixing with the digestion residue. Such larger size compost improves the aeration of the mixture to be composted. Larger sized materials can also be composted into smaller parts by (re) circulation to their composting process.

In another suitable embodiment, the composting of the mixture of step c) is carried out by aeration using air from ambient temperature to 70 ° C., preferably from ambient temperature to 65 ° C. In addition or alternatively, such air is at ambient temperature prior to aeration and can be heated to 30-70 ° C., preferably 40-65 ° C. by using it as an aeration means. In addition or alternatively, such air is at ambient temperature prior to aeration and is heated to 30-70 ° C., preferably 40-65 ° C. as a result of its use in compost aeration. Such air used for aeration can be heated by use of a heat exchanger using heat from the air before passing through the biofilter.

  In yet another preferred embodiment, the fermentation of the VFG waste of step a) is a high temperature fermentation. Medium and low temperature fermentations are also suitable for use according to the present invention. High temperature fermentation proceeds faster than medium temperature or low temperature fermentation.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the CO ₂ produced in the fermentation of step a) is collected. Thereafter, CO ₂ is preferably supplied to the greenhouse. In addition to collecting CO ₂ for supply to the greenhouse, CO ₂ can also be supplied to other relevant third parties. The advantage of supplying CO ₂ to the greenhouse is a short cycle of CO ₂ generation. Short cycle CO ₂ means that CO ₂ fixed by the plant is released by biological fermentation, and then the released CO ₂ is supplied to the greenhouse where it is fixed again by the plant, and the growth and development of the plant. It can be maintained.

In general, to obtain purer or higher quality CO ₂ , it is possible to separate or improve the quality of the CO ₂ from the biogas mixture collected during the fermentation process according to the present invention. It will be necessary. The produced CO ₂ can then be further processed or marketed.

  In the final preferred embodiment, energy, preferably energy in the form of 30 ° C. to 60 ° C. water produced in the composting of step c), is preferably collected for supply to the greenhouse. However, energy or heated water can be supplied to any third party. The advantage of supplying hot water to the greenhouse is that the energy extracted from the composting process can be used to heat the greenhouse. Such a supply of energy contributes to the environmentally friendly operation management of the greenhouse or any other business. Such a supply of heat to the greenhouse or any other business or consumer can be done by a geothermal device that allows the supply of heat to the greenhouse on demand.

Another aspect of the present invention is a method of providing carbon dioxide and / or heat to a greenhouse,
a) fermenting vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste to obtain biogas;
b) mixing compost and / or vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste with at least partially fermented waste to obtain a mixture of preferably at least 35 dry weight percent;
c) composting the mixture thus obtained to obtain heat and compost;
d) separating CO ₂ from the biogas from step a) and supplying CO ₂ to the greenhouse;
e) relates to a method comprising the step of supplying the heat generated in step c) to the greenhouse, preferably in the form of water at 30 ° C to 60 ° C.

  The method according to this aspect of the invention relating to the provision of carbon dioxide and / or heat to the greenhouse can be combined with any embodiment according to any aspect of the treatment of VGF waste of the invention according to the appended claims.

Another aspect of the present invention provides:
a) mixing at least partially fermented vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste with compost to obtain a mixture comprising at least 35 weight percent dry matter;
b) composting the mixture thus obtained to obtain compost;
To composting vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste.

  The method for composting vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste according to this aspect of the invention can also be combined with any embodiment according to any aspect of the treatment of VGF waste of the invention according to the appended claims. .

  The final aspect of the present invention is a fermentation apparatus (2) suitable for fermenting vegetables, fruits and horticultural wastes into digestive residues; compost and / or adding vegetables, fruits and horticultural wastes to digestive residues; Optionally mixing means; waste treatment for the treatment of vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste, including means (3) for composting digestion residues and compost and / or a mixture of vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste Regarding facilities.

  Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the means for mixing the digest residue with compost and / or vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste may be, for example, a McLanahan mixer, but any suitable or similar mixer is sufficient. I will.

In a preferred embodiment, the waste treatment facility comprises means (1) for shredding vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste; and / or means for sieving compost and / or vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste (4); and Means (6) for receiving and / or storing biogas; and / or means (7) for receiving and / or storing CO ₂ from biogas, preferably improved quality CO ₂ ; and / or Means (8) for receiving and / or storing enhanced gas from biogas, preferably methane or improved methane (8); and / or means for storing compost (5); and / or composting Means (9) for treating moist heated air derived from means (3); means (10) for treating air derived from means (9); means (9) Means (11) for obtaining a heat or energy from moist heated air of, further comprising means (12) for water receiving / storage from the means (9).

  In operation, VFG waste is accepted by the waste treatment facility through means (20). VFG waste is suitably supplied to the fermenter (2) by means (34) and / or prior to fermentation, shredded by means (1) and / or sieved by means (4) It can be preprocessed such as making it smaller. In addition or alternatively, the VFG waste is composted by the composting means (3) (means 35) without prior fermentation. In addition or otherwise, the VFG waste is pre-treated, such as by chopping by means (1) and / or sieving by means (4) and making it appropriately small, and then by means (50 or 52) is composted in the composting means (3) without fermentation.

After fermentation by the fermenter (2), the biogas is collected (6) and optionally fed to the separation and / or quality enhancement means (13) by passing the means (45). The separated and / or quality-enhanced CO ₂ can be fed to the collector (7) through means (30) and to the greenhouse through means (32). Biogas with improved quality including methane is also obtained from the means (6), preferably supplied as quality-enhanced methane through (31) to the storage means (8) for storage, and further (33 ) Can be supplied to third parties such as the transport industry.

  Fermentor (2), also referred to as digester or fermentation reactor, may be any fermenter suitable for fermentation of VFG waste. Such a fermenter is preferably suitable for high temperature fermentation, or any other suitable fermentation process.

  The composting means (3) may be any suitable means for composting VFG waste. The composting means (3) comprises means for aeration that allow suitable composting to take place in the means (3). The composting means (3) is preferably a tunnel, chamber, room or space with an elongated shape and has one or two openings at the ends for the supply and removal of the contents of the composting means . Preferably, the composting means (3) is a tunnel that can be opened and closed from either side. The heated and humid air derived from the composting means (3) is supplied by means (36) to the means (9) intended for exhaust gas treatment. Means (9) ensure that hot water, air and cold water are obtained. Through the means (39), the hot water is led to the heat exchanger (11) for heat or energy exchange. Heat or energy can then be supplied to a third party such as a greenhouse by means (43). Cold water is supplied back to the means (9) by the means (40). Excess water can be supplied to means (12) for treatment and final disposal by means (41) and to a third party by means (42), for example for irrigation purposes. The ambient air can be supplied by means (46) to means (9) and via means (47) can be obtained preheated air that can be used in the composting means (3). The exhaust gas is supplied to the treatment device (10), for example a biofilter, by (37), and the treatment allows the air to be released to the environment.

  The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples. These examples are in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention.

  FIG. 1 shows a facility for processing vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste according to the present invention.

Example 1
Several mixtures of digestion residues, VFG waste and compost were made and their suitability for composting was examined.

  The digest residue was mixed with VFG waste and compost. The amount of different components and the amount of dry matter and the amount of organic matter contained by the dry matter was determined as a percentage by weight. Tables 1 and 2 detail the different mixtures used in the experimental stage.

Table 1

Table 2

  After visual inspection of the resulting mixture, Mixture 2 was decided to be composted because it appeared that this mixture was more suitable than others for research purposes.

  Composting of Mix 2 is a composting facility with an open air windrow, with no rotation by suctioning through the window with a perforated pipe under the window Aerated for about 28 days. Prior to initiation, the window was covered with a thin layer of overscreen material from composting. The starting temperature of the compost measured within the compost pile was about 30 ° C. The temperature rose to about 60-70 degrees within 1-4 days, indicating that composting proceeded in a suitable manner. The temperature was very stable at about 70 ° C. during a period of approximately 10 days.

The compost obtained from mixture 2 was sieved and analyzed for dry matter content.
Table 3

The results show that it is possible to treat VFG waste by the method using fermentation and composting according to the present invention. Moreover, the resulting unfractionated compost appeared to be very suitable for sieving, resulting in good quality compost.
Example 2
Two mixtures were obtained using an excavator to mix the mixture. After mixing with an excavator, the mixture was mixed with a compost mixer. Table 4 shows the results for the bulk density.

Table 4

  The results show that the bulk density increased dramatically in both cases mixed with the compost mixer. So far, there is no clear explanation for that.

The figure which shows the one aspect | mode of the process which processes the vegetable, fruit, and gardening waste by this invention.

1 Means for shredding vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste 2 Fermentation equipment suitable for fermenting vegetables, fruits and horticultural wastes into digestive residues 3 Digestive residues and compost and / or vegetables, fruits and horticultural wastes 4 Composting and / or vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste screening means 5 Compost storage means 6 Biogas receiving and / or storage means 7 CO ₂ from biogas Means for accepting and / or storing 8 Means for accepting and / or storing biogas-enhanced gas, preferably methane or quality-enhanced 9 Wet, derived from composting means (3) Means for treating heated air 10 Means for treating air derived from means (9) 11 Wet or heated air from means (9) Means for obtaining heat or energy 12 Means for receiving / storing water from means (9) 13 Means for improving the quality of biogas

Claims (15)

A method for treating vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste,
a) fermenting fermented vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste;
b) mixing the at least partially fermented waste from step a) with compost;
c) composting the mixture obtained in this way to obtain compost, wherein the mixture obtained in step b) comprises at least a percentage by weight of dry matter of 35. how to.   The method of claim 1, wherein the at least partially fermented waste of step b) is a digestion residue.   3. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least partially fermented waste or digestion residue comprises 20 to 38, preferably 24 to 34, more preferably 26 to 32 weight percent dry matter.   4. The compost used in step b) or obtained in step c) comprises 40 to 90, preferably 50 to 80, more preferably 60 to 70 weight percent dry matter. The method according to claim 1.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste comprises 25 to 60, preferably 30 to 50 weight percent dry matter.   The quotient obtained by dividing the weight of the vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste by the weight of compost of the mixture obtained in step b) is 0.3 to 2.0, preferably 0.4 to 1.5, more preferably 6. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein is 0.5 to 1.5, most preferably 0.6 to 1.2 or about 0.7.   7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste of step a) are screened and / or shredded prior to fermentation.   The compost from step b) or c) is preferably size-fractionated into fractions of size <15 mm, 15-40 mm and> 40 mm, preferably by sieving. The method described.   9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein unfractionated compost is added to the at least partially fermented waste or digestion residue of step b).   10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composting of the mixture in step c) is by aeration with air from ambient temperature to 70C, preferably from ambient temperature to 65C. The CO ₂ produced in the fermentation of step a) and / or the energy obtained in the composting of step c), preferably in the form of water of 30 ° C to 60 ° C, is supplied to the greenhouse. The method of any one of 10-10. A method of composting vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste,
a) mixing at least partially fermented vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste or digestion residues with compost to obtain a mixture wherein the dry matter has a percentage by weight of at least 35;
b) composting the mixture thus obtained to obtain compost. A method of providing carbon dioxide and / or heat to a greenhouse,
a) fermenting vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste to obtain biogas;
b) mixing compost and / or vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste with at least partially fermented waste to obtain a mixture of at least 35 dry weight percentages;
c) composting the mixture thus obtained to obtain heat and compost;
d) separating CO ₂ from the biogas from step a) and optionally supplying the CO ₂ to the greenhouse;
e) A method comprising the step of supplying the heat generated in step c), preferably in the form of water at 30 ° C. to 60 ° C., preferably to a greenhouse.   A waste treatment facility for treating vegetables, fruits and horticultural wastes, a fermentation apparatus (2) suitable for fermenting fermented vegetables, fruits and horticultural wastes into digestive residues (2); compost and / or Means for adding vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste to the digestion residue and optionally mixing; digestion residue and compost and / or means for composting the mixture of vegetable, fruit and horticultural waste (3) And the facility. Means for shredding vegetables, fruits and horticultural waste (1); and / or means for sieving compost and / or vegetables, fruits and horticultural wastes (4); and / or receiving and / or storing biogas Means (6); and / or means for improving the quality of biogas (13); and / or means for receiving and / or storing CO ₂ from said biogas (7); and / or improved quality Means for receiving and / or storing biogas (8); and / or means for storing compost (5); and / or moist and heated air derived from said composting means (3). Means for treating (9); Means for treating air derived from means (9) (10); Obtaining heat or energy from said moist and heated air from means (9) 15. The waste treatment facility of claim 14, further comprising means (11), means (12) for receiving / storing water from the means (9).

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