JP2014501058A - 高周波用圧電性結晶複合体、装置、及びそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
高周波用圧電性結晶複合体、装置、及びそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】図3
Description
本出願は、その開示内容が本出願に全体的に含まれる、2010年10月13日に出願された米国予備特許出願(No,61/344,801)に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、その全内容が本出願に包含される。
技術分野
本発明は、高周波(>20MHz)の下で作動する圧電結晶や圧電性結晶複合体の技術分野に関する。本発明は、特に、工業や医療における超音波応用分野に良好に用いられる高解像度の画像処理のための高周波用圧電性結晶複合体、及び、同材料を製造する方法に関する。
従来、PMN−PT系の圧電単結晶は、伝統的なPZT系セラミックと比較して優れた誘電率や圧電特性を有する。この単結晶の優れた特性を十分に活用するため、結晶複合体が製造され、電気機械的結合係数やトランデューサ性能特性の向上が図られている。
1.P.Han,W.Yan,J.Tian,X,Huang,H.Pan,“Cut directions for the optimization of piezoelectric coefficients of PMN−PT ferroelectric crystals”,Applied Physics Letters,volume 86,Number 5(2005).
2.S.Wang,et al.,“Deep Reactive Ion Etching of Lead Zirconate Titanate Using Sulfur hexafluoride Gas”,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,82(5)1339−1341,1999.
2.A.M. Efremov,et al.,“Etching Mechanism of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films in Cl2/ArPlasma”,Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 2(1),pp.13−29,Mar.2004.
4.S.Subasinghe,A.Goyal,S.Tadigadapa,“High aspect ratio plasma etching of bulk Lead Zirconate Titanate”,in Proc.SPIE−Int.Soc.Opt.Engr,edited by Mary−Ann Maher,Harold D.Stewart,and Jung−Chih Chiao(San Jose,CA,2006),pp.61090D1−9.
x*Pb(B’1/2B”1/2)O3−y*PbTiO3−(1−x−y)*Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (I)
上記式において、
xは、0.00から0.50モル%であり、yは、0.00から0.50モル%であり、B’は、インジウム(In)、イッテルビウム(Yb)、スカンジウム(Sc)、鉄(Fe)のいずれかであり、B”は、ニオブ(Nb)又はタンタル(Ta)のいずれかである。式(I)における結晶組成は、全バッチ量で、5%(wt%)以下のマンガン(Mn)及び/又は10%(wt%)以下のセリウム(Ce)をさらに含んでもよい。
x*ABO3−y*PbTiO3−(1−x−y)*Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (II)
上記式において、
xは、0.00から0.50モル%であり、
yは、0.00から0.50モル%であり、
Aは、鉛(Pb)またはビスマス(Bi)であり、
Bは、インジウム(In)、イッテルビウム(Yb)、鉄(Fe)、ジルコニウム(Zr)、スカンジウム(Sc)、ニオブ(Nb)、タンタル(Ta)又はこれらの組合せからなる群から選択した1つである。式(II)における結晶組成は、全バッチ量で、5%(wt%)以下のマンガン(Mn)及び/又は10%(wt%)以下のセリウム(Ce)をさらに含んでもよい。
るようにしている。
るようにしている。
上記式(I)において、xは0.00から0.50モル%であり、yは0.00から0.50モル%であり、B’はインジウム(In)、イッテルビウム(Yb)、スカンジウム(Sc)または鉄(Fe)を表し、B”はニオブ(Nb)またはタンタル(Ta)を表す。式(I)における結晶組成は、全バッチ量で、5%(wt%)以下のマンガン(Mn)及び/又は10%(wt%)以下のセリウム(Ce)を添加物としてさらに含んでもよい。
上記式(II)において、xは0.00から0.50モル%であり、yは0.00から0.50モル%であり、Aは鉛(Pb)又はビスマス(Bi)またはバリウム(Ba)を表し、Bはインジウム(In)、イッテルビウム(Yb)、鉄(Fe)、ジルコニウム(Zr)スカンジウム(Sc)、ニオブ(Nb)、タンタル(Ta)または上記の元素の組み合わせを表す。式(II)における結晶組成は、全バッチ量で、5%(wt%)以下のマンガン(Mn)及び/又は10%(wt%)以下のセリウム(Ce)をさらに含んでもよい。
が用いられることによって、切り溝へのエポキシの充填がなされる場合には、切り溝内のエポキシによる横クランプ効果を完全に回避できることにある。
d’31=d31*Cos(θ)*Cos(θ)+d32*Sin(θ)*Sin(θ)
例では、少なくとも一つの切り溝にはいかなるクランプ効果も生じないことが保証される一方、故障方向は非直線であるため、圧電結晶複合体の信頼性が大幅に向上する。
ることを示す概略例示的配向図である。また、指定方向から30°に関する同じ解釈が、
の30°に適用される。
を示している。この構造によって、平行四辺形体の形態の結晶柱間の切り溝に充填されるエポキシによる横クランプ効果を最小限にすることができる。このハイブリッド1−3形態に基づき、複合体結晶は高い結合係数を有し、エポキシ切り溝には横歪みが生じない。ここで、「ハイブリッド」という用語が、M−N形態に使用されている。その理由は、はじめて平行四辺形体パターンで連続切り溝線が用いられ、切り溝線は各面に対して115°離れているためである。この配置によって、横クランプ効果を完全に無くすことができる。
±2.5°である。この非連続ハイブリッド2−2/1−3形態を採用することによって、クランプ方向(図示)は、結晶体の性能に負の影響を与えないことになる。図7A及び7Cに示す白い空間と図7Bに示す黒い空間はエポキシ又はポリマー材料を表し、バーは圧電材料を表すことを留意すべきである。横方向に伸延する歪みは、<011>方向に平行して負の値をとり、<011>方向に平行して正の値をとることに留意すべきである。
Claims (24)
- 少なくとも1以上の複合結晶素子を具備する撮像装置用の高周波撮像トランデューサを製造する方法であって、
約0.65〜0.90の厚み電気機械的結合係数ktを有する圧電材料からなる配向性単結晶板を作成する工程と、
フォトリソグラフィに基づくマイクロマシニングによって前記配向性単結晶板をエッチングし、複数の切り溝によって分離される複数のハイブリッド圧電構造を形成する工程と、
前記切り溝にポリマー材料を充填して単一組立体を形成する工程と、
前記単一組立体に微細機械仕上げを行う工程と、
前記単一組立体に電極をコーティングで形成する工程と、
前記単一組立体を基材に組み付け前記撮像装置用の前記撮像トランデューサを形成する工程とを具備し、
前記フォトリソグラフィに基づくマイクロマシニングは、以下の工程を具備することを特徴とする高周波撮像トランデューサを製造する方法。
(a)前記複数の切り溝によって分離される前記複数のハイブリッド圧電構造が形成される前記板の部分に硬質金属マスクを形成する工程と、
(b)前記切り溝において、以下の式に基づくクランプ効果を最小とするため、少なくとも1つの前記切り溝の方向を、前記単結晶板の特定配向方向から約30°〜35°の範囲に設定する工程と、
d’31=d31*Cos(θ)*Cos(θ)+d32*Sin(θ)*Sin(θ)
(c)反応イオンエッチング(RIE)及び深反応イオンエッチング(DRIE)のうち少なくとも1つの工程を行う工程とを具備し、
(i)前記ハイブリッド圧電構造は少なくとも85°の垂直エッチングプロフィールを有するようにしたことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記撮像トランデューサが、六角形ハイブリッド1.3配列を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記複合結晶素子が、(001)で切断され、<001>で分極反転されることを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記複合結晶素子が、(011)で切断され、<011>で分極反転されることを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
- 5°(±2.5°)離れた方向とすることによって、前記少なくとも1つの切り溝の方向を、クランプ効果に対してひずみをゼロとしたことを特徴とする請求項4記載の方法。
- 前記撮像トランデューサが、平行四辺形ハイブリッド1.3配列を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記複合結晶素子が、(011)で切断され、<011>で分極反転されることを特徴とする請求項6記載の方法。
- 5°(±2.5°)方向とすることによって、前記少なくとも1つの切り溝の方向を、クランプ効果に対してひずみをゼロとしたことを特徴とする請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記撮像トランデューサが、ハイブリッド2−2/1−3配列を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記複合結晶素子が、(001)で切断され、<001>で分極反転されることを特徴とする請求項9記載の方法。
- 5°(±2.5°)離れた方向とすることによって、前記少なくとも1つの切り溝の方向を、クランプ効果に対してひずみをゼロとしたことを特徴とする請求項10記載の方法。
- 前記撮像トランデューサは、少なくとも20MHzの周波数で作動されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記撮像トランデューサは、少なくとも100MHzの周波数で作動されることを特徴とする請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記複数の切り溝の各切り溝は、1〜10μmの範囲にある幅を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ハイブリッド圧電構造は、六角形ハイブリッド1−3配列と、平行四辺形ハイブリッド1−3配列とからなる群から選択した配列を有し、
前記ハイブリッド圧電構造は、ポスト高さと、平均ポスト幅を有し、
前記ポスト幅(W)に対する前記ポスト高さ(H)の比であるアスペクト比が少なくとも0.50であることを特徴とする請求項14記載の方法。 - 前記アスペクト比が少なくとも0.5であり、2.0未満であることを特徴とする請求項15記載の方法。
- 前記六角形ハイブリッド1−3配列は前記ハイブリッド圧電構造を有し、前記ハイブリッド圧電構造は、前記複数の切り溝によって境界づけられる六角形断面を有し、前記切り溝を不連続して前記ハイブリッド圧電構造を断続した構造としたことを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記平行四辺形ハイブリッド1−3配列は前記ハイブリッド圧電構造を有し、前記ハイブリッド圧電構造は、前記複数の切り溝によって境界づけられる平行四辺形断面を有し、前記切り溝は前記配列を通して連続的に伸延するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記撮像トランデューサはハイブリッド2−2/1−3配列を有し、さらに、
第1端と第2端との間に架設される少なくとも1つの長尺ウェブバーと、
前記ウェブバー部材の対向する側に設けられた少なくとも2つのブリッジ部材であって、それぞれのブリッジ部材が4つのブリッジ部材部分を有し、前記長尺ウェブバーの対向する側にそれぞれ2つのブリッジ部材部分が設けられているブリッジ部材と、
前記長尺ウェブバー部材と平行にかつ前記切り溝によってそれぞれ分離された状態で、前記各ブリッジ部材部分から伸延するレッグバー部材とを具備し、
前記長尺ウェブバー部材は前記クランプ方向に平行に配列されていることを特徴とする請求項9記載の方法。 - 高周波トランデューサ組立体を機能的に具備する撮像装置であって、前記撮像装置は、撮像アレイに結合され、画像信号を生成する、少なくとも1つの前記トランデューサ組立体と、
前記トランデューサ組立体から機能プロセッサや撮像システムへの少なくとも1つの通信路であって、前記画像信号を受信可能な前記通信路と、を具備し、
前記トランデューサ組立体は、約0.65〜0.90の厚み電気機械的結合係数ktを有する圧電材料からなる配向性単結晶板内に1以上の複合結晶素子を具備し、
各トランデューサ組立体は、六角形ハイブリッド1−3配列と、平行四辺形ハイブリッド1.3配列と、ハイブリッド2−2/1−3配列からなる群から選択した配列を有することを特徴とする撮像装置。 - 前記配列は前記六角形ハイブリッド1−3配列であり、(001)で切断され、<001>で分極反転された少なくとも1つの複合結晶素子を含むことを特徴とする請求項20記載の撮像装置。
- 前記配列は前記六角形ハイブリッド1−3配列であり、(011)で切断され、<011>で分極反転された少なくとも1つの複合結晶素子を含むことを特徴とする請求項20記載の撮像装置。
- 前記配列は前記平行四辺形ハイブリッド1−3配列であり、(011)で切断され、<011>で分極反転された少なくとも1つの複合結晶素子を含むことを特徴とする請求項20記載の撮像装置。
- 前記配列は前記ハイブリッド2−2/1−3配列であることを特徴とする請求項20記載の撮像装置。
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