JP2014218991A - Next-generation electric power supply system, and nest-generation electric power supply method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a next-generation electric power supply system and a next-generation electric power supply method, which have a small size and a high performance and can be produced at a low cost, which have a small occupation installation area and have high safety and reliability, and which can supply a safe electric power at a low cost over a long period of time.SOLUTION: A sealed power cycle circuit 15 is arranged with a fluid compressor 27, an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42, a movable piston 200 and a cooler 43. Said instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is heated by the pulse electric power which is generated by supplying a pulse power source 28 with the power storage of said power storage unit from an external power source 50. A low-temperature low-pressure working fluid is compressed by said fluid compressor. An electric generator 16 is supplied with the mechanical energy which has been generated by operating said movable piston with a supercritical fluid produced by bringing said high-pressure working fluid into contact with said instantaneous supercritical fluid which has been generated by bringing said high-pressure working fluid into contact with said instantaneous supercritical fluid generator, thereby to generate a generated electric power. Thus, there are provided a next-generation electric power supply system and a next-generation electric power supply method.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply system and a power supply method, and more particularly to a next generation power supply system and a next generation power supply method.

  In recent years, power shortage has become a serious problem, and as an effective solution, the nighttime surplus power of an external power source such as a commercial power source is converted into pressure energy, and the pressure energy is converted into electric energy at peak power demand. Attention has been paid to such power supply systems, and power supply systems using pressure energy such as compressed air and hydraulic pressure have been proposed.

  In Patent Document 1, an accumulator for normal pressure liquid is disposed on the ground and a high pressure liquid accumulator is provided underground, and compressed air is supplied to the underground high pressure liquid accumulator via the compressor to compress the air in the high pressure liquid accumulator. Then, using the pneumatic energy, the liquid is transferred from the underground high-pressure liquid accumulator to the ground normal-pressure liquid accumulator, and the pump / turbine is driven by the generated hydraulic pressure to generate power by the motor / generator. A power storage and electrical energy recovery system has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 2, an upper aquifer is provided in a place close to the formation, as in a pumped storage power generation, and a lower aquifer is provided in a deep underground place, and the amount of power used by the power system being monitored is less than a predetermined value. If the pump / motor is driven to pump water from the lower aquifer to the upper aquifer, and the amount of power used by the power system being monitored falls below the specified value, the lower aquifer is There has been proposed a pumped-storage power supply system that generates power by driving a turbine generator using the kinetic energy of water that is dropped into a layer.

US Published Patent Application No. 2010/0270801 U.S. Pat. No. 7,952,219

  By the way, in the electrical storage and electrical energy recovery system disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to construct a large-scale high-pressure liquid accumulator not only on the ground but also on the ground, which inevitably requires a large installation area, The manufacturing cost was extremely high. Moreover, since the density of the air used as the working medium is low, when the compressed air is taken out from the storage container, the pressure energy of the compressed air rapidly decreases and it is difficult to supply stable power over a long period of time. It was.

  In the pumped-storage power supply system disclosed in Patent Document 2, in order to stably obtain desired stable power over a long period of time during peak power demand time, both underground and deep underground near the ground In addition, a large installation area is required at this location, and a large aquarium has to be constructed, which is not practical in terms of construction cost and environment.

  The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and is capable of small size, high performance and low cost production, has a small footprint, and is safe and reliable, and uses a large-capacity power storage unit. An object of the present invention is to provide a next-generation power supply system and a next-generation power supply method capable of supplying stable power over a long period of time at a low cost.

  According to the first invention, in the next-generation power supply system, the fluid compressor, the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator, the movable piston, and the cooler are arranged in the sealed power cycle circuit, and the electric power supplied from the external power source The electric power is charged into the power storage unit, and the electric power stored in the power storage unit is supplied to the pulse power source to generate pulse power. The instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is heated by the pulse power, and the fluid compressor is A machine that compresses a low-pressure working fluid, contacts the high-pressure working fluid with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator to generate a supercritical fluid, and operates the movable piston with the supercritical fluid to generate an expansion gas. Generating energy, cooling the expansion gas by the cooler, regenerating the low-temperature low-pressure working fluid and circulating it to the sealed power cycle circuit, and supplying the mechanical energy to the generator Wherein the feed to produce a generated power.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, in addition to the structure described in claim 1, preferably, the high-pressure working fluid supplied from the fluid compressor is temporarily stored in the buffer accumulator to compress the fluid. A first pressure path between the compressor and the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is maintained at a first predetermined pressure, and a second pressure path between the low pressure side of the movable piston and the inlet side of the fluid compressor is The second predetermined pressure lower than the one predetermined pressure is maintained, and the supply timing of the high-pressure working fluid supplied from the buffer accumulator to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is controlled by a control valve.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration of the first or second aspect, the next generation power supply system preferably further includes a heat pump circuit that is thermally coupled to the power cycle circuit. A heat exchanger configured to generate a high-pressure refrigerant by operating the heat pump circuit with a part of the mechanical energy, and to generate cold heat by expanding the high-pressure refrigerant, the cooler being the heat exchanger The expansion gas is cooled by the cold generated by the heat exchanger.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, in addition to the configuration described in claim 3, the next-generation power supply system preferably further includes the sealed power cycle circuit and the heat pump as the working fluid and the refrigerant. Carbon dioxide is sealed in the circuit at the first and second predetermined pressures, respectively, and the mechanical energy is supplied to the refrigerant compressor in the heat pump circuit to generate the high-pressure refrigerant, and the fluid compressor and the refrigerant compressor Is operated in a supercritical state.

  According to the second invention described in claim 5, the next generation power supply method includes a fluid compressor, an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator, a movable piston, and a cooler disposed in a sealed power cycle circuit, Charging power storage power supplied from an external power supply to a power storage unit, generating pulse power by supplying the power stored in the power storage unit to a pulse power supply, and heating the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator with the pulse power Compressing a low-temperature low-pressure working fluid with the fluid compressor, bringing the high-pressure working fluid into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator to generate a supercritical fluid, and operating the movable piston with the supercritical fluid. Mechanical energy is generated while generating an expansion gas, the expansion gas is cooled by the cooler, the low-temperature low-pressure working fluid is regenerated and circulated through the sealed power cycle circuit, and the mechanical energy is generated. Characterized by supplying to the generator to produce a generated power to.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, in addition to the configuration described in claim 5, in the next-generation power supply method, preferably, a part of the generated power of the generator or a part of the mechanical energy is further provided. Is supplied to the alternator and the generated power obtained by operating the generator is charged in the power storage unit.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the power for storage supplied from an external power source or the like is stored in the power storage unit, and the power stored in the power storage unit is supplied to the pulse power source to generate the pulse power. The instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is heated by the pulse power, the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid is compressed by the fluid compressor, and the high-pressure working fluid is brought into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator to generate a supercritical fluid. To do. Mechanical energy is generated while the movable piston is operated by the supercritical fluid to generate expansion gas. The expansion gas is cooled by the cooler to regenerate the low-temperature low-pressure working fluid and circulate it in the sealed power cycle circuit, and supply the mechanical energy to a generator to generate generated power. Since the supercritical fluid has a high temperature and a high pressure, the net average effective pressure of the movable piston is an extremely high pressure of at least 450 kg / cm ² or more. Compared with existing racing engines, the net average effective pressure, which is one standard, is 13 Kg / cm ² at the maximum output of the engine. I understand. The generator is driven by the mechanical energy generated in this way to obtain generated power. Since the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator has a voltage of 5 to 24 volts and a current consumption of 50 to 200 amperes, the power storage unit requires a small capacity. Therefore, it is possible to supply stable power over a long period of time during peak power demand hours using nighttime power or power generated by a renewable energy power generation device. This next-generation power supply system is used for large-scale buildings, railway facilities, water and sewage facilities, large-scale factories, etc. of several hundred to several thousand megawatts, including households and small-scale electric power consumers of several Kw to several tens of Kw class. It has a wide range of uses up to power consumers. As described above, the next-generation power supply system of the present invention enables practical use of so-called zero energy buildings, zero energy houses, zero energy factories and zero energy mobile bodies (electrically propelled mobile bodies), and is a countermeasure for the global environment. To contribute.

  3. The configuration according to claim 2, wherein the first pressure path between the fluid compressor and the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is maintained at a first predetermined pressure, and the low pressure side of the movable piston and the inlet of the fluid compressor By maintaining the second pressure path between the second pressure path and the second predetermined pressure lower than the first predetermined pressure, a high-pressure supercritical fluid is easily generated, and the energy conversion efficiency of the movable piston is improved. Moreover, since the pulsation of the high-pressure working fluid supplied to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is suppressed by the buffer accumulator, the generator output voltage becomes more stable by reducing the rotation unevenness of the generator, and the generated power It becomes possible to improve the quality.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, cryogenic (for example, −10 ° C.) cold is generated from the refrigerant by the heat pump circuit thermally coupled to the sealed power cycle circuit, and the expansion gas of the movable piston is cooled by the cryogenic cold. To do. As a result, the mechanical conversion efficiency of the movable piston is dramatically improved. Therefore, the operation efficiency of the next-generation power supply system is dramatically improved, and the next-generation power supply system can be further reduced in size, performance, and cost.

  In the configuration of claim 4, a common medium is used as the working fluid and the refrigerant, and each of the sealed power cycle circuit and the heat pump circuit is sealed at a predetermined pressure, and the natural ozone with a global warming potential of 1 is zero. Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a refrigerant, is used. Carbon dioxide (CO2) does not deteriorate in operating efficiency due to secular change, and the frequency of maintenance inspections can be greatly reduced. Further, in the sealed power cycle circuit and the heat pump circuit, since a common medium is circulated and used as the working fluid and the refrigerant, these components are not consumed. Therefore, the running cost can be greatly reduced, and stable power can be supplied at a low cost.

  According to the second invention described in claim 5, in the next generation power supply method, a fluid compressor, an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator, a movable piston, and a cooler are arranged in a sealed power cycle circuit. Then, the power for power storage supplied from the external power source is charged in the power storage unit, and the power stored in the power storage unit is supplied to the pulse power source to generate pulse power. The instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is heated by the pulse power, the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid is compressed by the fluid compressor, and the high-pressure working fluid is brought into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator to generate a supercritical fluid. To do. Mechanical energy is generated while the movable piston is operated by the supercritical fluid to generate expansion gas. The expansion gas is cooled by the cooler to regenerate the low-temperature low-pressure working fluid and circulate it in the sealed power cycle circuit, and supply the mechanical energy to a generator to generate generated power. According to this invention, surplus power such as nighttime power is charged in a small-capacity storage unit, and the generator is operated using the stored power of the storage unit to generate generated power. Stable power can be supplied at low cost during the daytime peak power hours.

  In the configuration according to claim 6, the power storage unit is charged with power generated by supplying a part of the generated power of the generator or a part of the mechanical energy to the alternator and operating the generator. Therefore, the stored power of the power storage unit can be supplied to the pulse power supply for a long period of time, and the generator can be operated for a long time by the supercritical fluid without increasing the capacity of the power storage unit. Can supply power

1 shows a block diagram of a next generation power supply system for executing a next generation power supply method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. The sectional view of the compressor of the next-generation electric power supply system of Drawing 1 is shown. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator of the next generation power supply system of FIG. 1.

  Embodiments of a next-generation power supply system according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the next-generation power supply system 10 is illustrated as a stationary structure, but it can be combined with an external power source such as a solar power generation device or a wind power generation device to provide a vehicle, ship, or aircraft. It may be applied as a power source for electric equipment or electric propulsion devices for moving bodies such as railway locomotives, space shuttles, airships, etc.

  The next-generation power supply system 10 includes an energy conversion device 12 that converts pressure energy into mechanical energy using a working fluid, an output device 14 that has a clutch CL that controls transmission of mechanical energy, and an output device 14. And a generator 16 to be driven.

  The energy conversion device 12 is thermally coupled to the sealed power cycle circuit 15 that circulates the working fluid Wf and the sealed power cycle circuit 15, and uses a part of the mechanical energy generated in the sealed power cycle circuit 15. And a heat pump circuit HP that generates cold heat from the refrigerant. The hermetic power cycle circuit 15 accumulates the fluid compressor (composite compressor) 27 that compresses the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid Wf and the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid Wfp discharged from the fluid compressor 27 via the check valve 29. A control comprising a buffer accumulator 30 having a pressure accumulating chamber 30b incorporating a sliding piston and spring means 30a, and an electromagnetic valve for controlling the supply timing (circulation period) of the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid Wfp supplied from the outlet 30c of the buffer accumulator 30. A valve 32, an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 that heats the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid Wfp supplied from the buffer accumulator 30, and instantaneously generates a high-temperature and high-pressure power medium composed of a supercritical fluid; A movable piston (rotary piston) that expands explosively in 116 and converts it into mechanical energy. Rotary fluid machine 40 having an output shaft 132 that extracts mechanical energy and transmits part of the mechanical energy to the fluid compressor 27, and rotary fluid using the cold generated by the heat pump circuit HP. And a cooler 43 that cools the expansion gas of the machine 40.

  The spring means 30a of the buffer accumulator 30 is selected so that the working fluid in the pressure accumulating chamber 30b is maintained at a first predetermined pressure, for example, 20 to 60 MPa. Therefore, as will be described later, when carbon dioxide (CO 2) is used as the working fluid, the pressure in the first pressure path between the check valve 29 and the control valve 32 is 20 to 20 in the sealed power cycle circuit 15. The second fluid path between the outlet 126 of the rotary fluid machine 40 and the inlet 356b of the fluid compressor 27 is maintained at 60 MPa, and the working fluid is sealed in a power cycle such that the working fluid is maintained at a second predetermined pressure, eg, 3 MPa. The circuit 15 is filled. The purpose is to pressurize the second pressure path to the second predetermined pressure in advance, so that when the fluid compressor 27 compresses the working fluid, the working fluid and the refrigerant (described later) are easily pressurized under supercritical conditions. Is done. Therefore, the power required for driving the fluid compressor 27 can be greatly reduced, and the energy conversion efficiency of the energy conversion device 12 can be improved. During the operation of the sealed power cycle circuit 15, the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is accumulated in the accumulator 30 b against the spring means 30 a of the buffer accumulator 30.

  The control valve 32 is Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-270756 (Japanese Patent No. XXXXX) "Supercritical Engine, Supercritical Engine Driven Power Generation Device, and Next Generation equipped with the same. Since it has the same structure as that described in the “moving body”, detailed description is omitted.

  The heat pump circuit HP is arranged to be thermally coupled to the sealed power cycle circuit 15 via the cooler 43. That is, the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid obtained by cooling the expansion gas of the rotary fluid machine 40 is introduced into the heat pump circuit HP and used as the refrigerant Cm. The heat pump circuit HP is incorporated in (embedded in) the fluid compressor 27 and compresses the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant Cm to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant Cmp made of a supercritical fluid. 2), an expander 47 that reduces the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant Cmp to evaporate and expand to generate cold, and a cooler 43 that cools the expanded gas of the rotary fluid machine 40 using the cold A functioning first heat exchanger Ev1, and a second heat exchanger EV2 that absorbs heat from the surrounding environment and heats the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant Cmo emitted from the first heat exchanger Ev1 to regenerate it as a low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid Wf. Is provided. The low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid Wf coming out of the second heat exchanger EV2 is circulated to the sealed power cycle circuit 15, and thereafter the same power cycle is repeated.

  In the present embodiment, the working fluid of the sealed power cycle circuit 15 and the refrigerant of the heat pump circuit HP are not limited to the present invention, but are safe substances existing in nature and can be obtained at a very low cost. For the reason that can be achieved, carbon dioxide (hereinafter abbreviated as CO 2), which is a natural refrigerant having an ozone depletion coefficient of zero and a global warming coefficient of 1, is used as a common medium. For convenience of explanation, the working fluid of the sealed power cycle circuit 15 is referred to as CO2 working fluid, and the refrigerant of the heat pump circuit HP is referred to as CO2 refrigerant. In the sealed power cycle circuit 15 and the heat pump circuit HP, the present invention is not limited. However, the pressure is adjusted so that the pressure on the low pressure side becomes a predetermined pressure, for example, about 3 MPa, and CO2 is filled in each system. Is done. However, when using a medium other than CO2, the predetermined pressure is selected to be an appropriate pressure value according to the type of the medium.

  As apparent from FIG. 2, the fluid compressor 27 preferably compresses the CO2 working fluid Wf having a predetermined pressure (for example, 3 MPa) to a critical pressure (for example, 20 to 60 MPa) to compress the high pressure CO2 working fluid (CO2 (Critical fluid) Fluid compression means P1 for generating Wfp, and refrigerant compression means P2 for compressing a low-temperature low-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cm (for example, 0 ° C .: 3 MPa) to a critical pressure to generate a high-pressure CO2 refrigerant (supercritical refrigerant) Cmp It is comprised from the composite type compressor provided with.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the composite fluid compressor 27 is connected to a rotor housing 352 concentrically connected to an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 and a closed power cycle circuit 15 to operate at low temperature and low pressure CO 2. A first inlet 356A that sucks the fluid Wf, a first outlet 358A that discharges the high-temperature and high-pressure CO2 working fluid (supercritical fluid) Wfp, a second inlet 356B that sucks the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant Cm, and the supercritical refrigerant Cmp are discharged. The second outlet 358B, the rotor working chamber 360 in which the inlets 356A and 356B and the outlets 358A and 358B open, and the rotor working chamber 360 that is drivingly connected to the drive shaft 132 of the rotary fluid machine 40 by press fitting or other connecting means. And a pressure rotor 362 housed rotatably.

  The pressurizing rotor 362 includes a lubricating oil passage 362a that extends radially outward from the main lubricating oil supply passage 132L formed in the drive shaft 132, a lubricating oil supply port 362b, and an outer peripheral end portion of the lobe 364 from the lubricating oil supply port 362b. And a porous plug 362c capable of supplying a small amount of lubricating oil. Lubricating oil is supplied to the main lubricating oil supply passage 132L by a lubricating oil pump or the like described in Japanese Patent No. 5103570 “Rotating fluid machine” by the same inventor as the present inventors.

  The composite fluid compressor 27 further sucks the CO2 working fluid Wf and the refrigerant Cm from the inlets 356A and 356B while rotating on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor working chamber 360, and compresses these fluids to a supercritical pressure. However, a plurality of lobes 364 discharged from the outlets 358A and 358B, a curved sliding recess 366 formed at the circumferential rear edge in the radially inner region of the lobe 364, and the pressure rotor 362 adjacent to the inlet 356 Movable movable valve 368 and a pressurizing chamber 370 formed between movable valve 368 and curved sliding recess 366. The movable valve 368 includes a valve element 376 that is housed in a valve expansion chamber 372 formed in the rotor housing 352 and rotates via a pivot shaft 374. A distal end portion of the valve element 376 includes a curved seal portion 376a and a communication opening 376b that slide while contacting the lobe 364 and the curved sliding recess 366. A pressure spring 380 presses the valve element 376 toward the pressurizing rotor 362 in the spring housing portion 378 formed in the rotor housing 352. When the rotary fluid machine 40 is started, when the drive shaft 132 is rotated in the clockwise direction in FIG. 2, for example, in the composite fluid compressor 27, the pressurized chamber 370 is supplied with CO2 working fluid from the inlets 356A and 356B, respectively. Wf and refrigerant Cm are sucked and discharged from outlets 358A and 358B as supercritical working fluid and supercritical CO2 refrigerant, respectively. Thus, the pressurizing rotor 362 of the fluid compressor 27 functions as a common part of the fluid compression means P1 and the refrigerant compression means P2.

  The composite fluid compressor 27 has the same structure as the rotary pump described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-218058 “Rotary Combustion Engine, Hybrid Rotary Combustion Engine, and Mechanical Device Having These” by the same inventor as the present inventor. Therefore, further detailed description is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 includes a cylindrical reactor casing 1100 that is concentrically connected to the rotary fluid machine 40. The cylindrical reactor casing 1100 is formed on the inner side of the cylindrical reactor casing 1100 and the insulating heat resistant layer 1116 such as ceramic formed on the radially outer side of the central inner peripheral portion 1114 of the casing 1100, and on the inner side of the insulating heat resistant layer 1116. A supercritical fluid generation chamber 1118 is formed. A central inner peripheral portion 1114 of the cylindrical reactor casing 1100 includes an inner peripheral wall portion 1114 having a diameter for allowing the output shaft 132 of the rotary fluid machine 40 to pass therethrough.

  The suction port 1102 of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 extends to the radial wall 1120 and is fitted with the electromagnetic valve 32, and the radial wall 1120 has a plurality of openings 1122 extending in the circumferential direction. Counter electrodes 1124 and 1126 are disposed at the corner portions 1118a and 1118b of the supercritical fluid generation chamber 1118, respectively. The pair of electrodes 1124 and 1126 are connected to the pulse power supply 28. A temperature sensor S2 is attached to the casing 1100, and a temperature signal T is supplied to the controller 60 (see FIG. 1) and used for controlling the pulse width of the pulse power.

  The supercritical fluid generating chamber 1118 is filled with a number of tubular energized heating segments 1134 that are interposed between the counter electrodes 1124 and 1126. In response to the pulse power, a number of tubular energized heating segments 1134 generate energized heat and rise to a supercritical region of 800-1200 ° C., so that the pulse power supply 28 controls the duty cycle of the pulse power to a predetermined value. Is done. The gaps between these tubular energized heating segments 1134 can also act as the arc discharge region 1136, but it is not always necessary to generate arc discharge as long as the above-described supercritical region can be maintained. In the case of generating arc discharge, as the tubular energization heating segment 1134, for example, a copper tungsten pipe having an outer diameter of 6 to 30 mm is cut into a predetermined length (for example, 0.5 to 1.5 times the outer length). Energized heating pipe. In FIG. 1, the energization heating pipe 1134 is illustrated as being arranged in the supercritical fluid generation chamber 1118 in an aligned state. However, in an actual application example, the current heating pipe 1134 is pressed at a predetermined pressure and maintained in an electrical connection relationship. If so, they may be arranged in a random state. When arc discharge is not generated in the supercritical fluid generation chamber 1118, a number of stainless steel pipes cut into a predetermined length or other refractory metal pipes may be used as the tubular energization heating segment 1134. The CO 2 supercritical fluid passes through the gap between the electric heating pipe 1134 and the hole of the electric heating pipe 1134. At this time, a high-temperature and high-pressure power medium composed of a high-temperature and high-pressure CO2 supercritical fluid is instantaneously generated by being heated while colliding with each part of the energization heating pipe 1134.

  When a copper tungsten pipe is adopted as the energization heating pipe 1134, the pulse voltage of the pulse power may be selected so that arc discharge is generated in the adjacent portion where the energization heating pipes 1134 are in contact with each other. Arc discharge occurs more frequently when the voltage of pulse power that periodically generates a pulse voltage changes periodically between a high level and a low level. Therefore, it is possible to further increase the pressure and temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure power medium by controlling the high level and the low level in the voltage of the pulse power. The above-mentioned energization heating pipe is advantageous in that it significantly reduces the flow resistance of the working fluid, but the conductive high melting point heating means may be composed of other materials. For example, using a copper tungsten ball, a carbon ball, a bulk conductive metal body in which a groove for allowing a working fluid to pass, a bulk conductive carbon, a porous refractory metal body, a refractory honeycomb metal body, etc. are used. Also good. A filter unit 1106 is disposed adjacent to the supercritical fluid generation chamber 1118, and the filter unit 1106 is filled with a filter 1110 formed of a heat-resistant metal wire or the like. When the electromagnetic valve 32 is opened at a predetermined cycle, the supercritical fluid Scf that has passed through the filter 1110 is filtered by the filter 1142 and then supplied from the outlet 1140 to the inlet 124 of the rotary fluid machine 40.

  The rotary fluid machine 40 is preferably Japanese Patent No. 5103570 (Title: Rotary fluid machine) and Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-195513 (Title: Rotary fluid machine) by the same inventor as the present inventors. ), And Japanese Patent No. 5218929 (Title of Invention: Rotary Combustion Engine, Hybrid Rotary Combustion Engine, and Mechanical Device Comprising These) A fluid machine may be used.

  Returning to FIG. 1, in the energy conversion device 12, the generator 16 is connected to the output shaft 132 via the clutch CL and is driven to generate generated power. The power line PL of the generator 16 is system-linked to a distribution line of a commercial power source, or connected to a load (not shown) such as an electric device of private equipment. The energy conversion device 12 includes a power storage unit 20 for supplying stored power to the pulse power supply 28. The power storage unit 20 is connected to an external power supply 50 via a charger 21. The external power source 50 includes a commercial power source or a renewable energy power generation device (not shown) such as a solar power generation device or a wind power generation device. When the commercial power source is used as the external power source 50, the nighttime surplus power is charged to the power storage unit 20 as power for power storage. The external power source 50 is connected to the transformer 52 via the switch 54, and the transformer 52 steps down the output voltage of the external power source 50 to a predetermined voltage (for example, 12 volts or 24 volts) to The first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 of the power storage unit 20 are charged alternately. A part of the power generated by the generator 16 may be stepped down by the transformer 58 via the switch 56 and then supplied to the power storage unit 20 via the charger 21. On the other hand, instead of using a part of the generated power of the generator 16 as power for storage, as shown in FIG. 1, a low voltage output (for example, via the power transmission means 45 to the output shaft 132 of the energy conversion device 12). A 12 volt or 24 volt alternator 25 may be connected by driving, and the generated power of the alternator 25 may be used as power for storage. In this case, the output side of the alternator 25 is connected to the power storage unit 20 via the circuit breaker 19.

  The power storage unit 20 includes a power storage device 22 to which stored power is supplied via a charger 21, a second power storage device 23, and first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 that are alternately connected to the charger 21. A switching controller 24 and a second switching controller 26 that alternately connects the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 to the pulse power supply 28 are provided. Although not shown, the charger 21 includes a rectifier that converts low-voltage AC power into DC power and a smoothing circuit, as in a known structure. A voltage sensor and a current sensor (both not shown) for detecting voltage and current are connected to the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23, respectively. The voltage detection value V1 and the current detection value 11 of these voltage sensors and current sensors are output to the controller 60, and the remaining storage capacities (SOC values: State of charge) of the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 are calculated. These are used to output command signals from the circuit breaker 19 and the first and second switching controllers 24 and 26 based on the respective SOC values.

  The controller 60 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes predetermined arithmetic processing, a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores a predetermined control program, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) that temporarily stores data. For example, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory) is used. The controller 60 is connected to an input device (not shown) for inputting control parameters to be controlled and a device start switch.

  Desirably, the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 include commercially available ultracapacitor modules (manufactured by “Maxwell Technologies”, USA) that can be used for pulse charge / discharge cycle applications. Other power storage units include, for example, a rapid charge / discharge storage battery (Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd .: trade name “Ultra Battery”), a supercapacitor (made by Tokin) consisting of a large-capacity electric double layer capacitor, a sodium ion battery, a lithium ion battery Or a Ni-MH battery (nickel-hydrogen battery) or a combination of these batteries and a large-capacity electric double layer capacitor. An ultracapacitor (not shown) may be connected between the output lines of the power storage device 22. Output power is alternately supplied from the power storage device 22 and the second power storage device 23 to the pulse power supply 28.

  The pulse power source 28 supplies the stored power supplied from the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 to the pulse power source 28 to generate pulse power having a predetermined period (for example, 50 to 2000 hertz). In pulse power, the pulse voltage is preferably set between 12 and 24 volts. When it is desired to generate an arc discharge between a plurality of energized heating elements, the circuit may be designed so that pulse power composed of a peak current and a base current is supplied to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42. At this time, depending on the capacity of the energy conversion device 12, the pulse power preferably has a peak current of 50 to 200 amperes flowing in the peak current conduction period and a current value of about one tenth of the peak current, You may comprise so that it may have the base current which flows in an off-peak current energization period. In the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42, when pulsed power is supplied to a large number of energized heating pipes 1134, the temperature rises to a carbon dioxide critical temperature of 374 ° C or higher, for example, 800 to 1200 ° C. This temperature can be freely selected by controlling the voltage and duty ratio of the pulse power according to the operating conditions. When the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid sequentially contacts the outer surface of the energization heating pipe 1134, the high-temperature and high-pressure power medium is heated in a supercritical state to become a high-temperature supercritical fluid Scf.

  The pulse power supply 28 is preferably a DC pulse power supply or an AC pulse power supply as long as it generates a pulse power composed of a peak current and a base current. Examples of the direct-current pulse power supply include a circuit configuration used in a power supply apparatus for pulse arc welding as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2587343.

  In FIG. 1, the pressure signal PS from the pressure sensor S1 of the buffer accumulator, the temperature signal T (see FIG. 4) from the temperature sensor S2 of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42, and the rotational speed of the output shaft 132 of the energy conversion device 12 A rotation speed signal SP from the sensor S3 is transmitted to the controller 60. From an input device (not shown), a calendar signal and a parameter setting signal such as temperature and pressure are input to the controller 60 as a reference signal. The voltage signal V1 and current signal 11 of each of the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 are transmitted to the controller 60, and the controller 60 stores the charges of the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 in response to these input signals. The state (State of Charge) is determined, and one of the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 is connected to the pulse power supply 28 via the second switching controller 26 and the first switching controller 24 is connected to the first state. The other of the second power storage devices 22 and 23 is charged by the charger 21. Furthermore, the controller 60 controls the electromagnetic valve 32 in response to the input signals PS, T, SP from the sensors S1 to S4. At this time, the controller 60 controls the rotary fluid machine 40 to maintain the solenoid valve 32 in the open state during the entire expansion stroke. Therefore, the high-temperature and high-pressure power medium continuously acts on the rotary piston main body 200 of the rotary fluid machine 40 during the entire expansion stroke. On the other hand, when the generated power from the next-generation power supply system 10 is unnecessary, the controller 60 outputs a control signal Cc for disengaging the clutch CL.

  Next, the operation of the next generation power supply system 10 for implementing the next generation power supply method according to the present invention will be described.

  In the operation of the next-generation power supply system 10, when a start switch (not shown) is turned on, the pulse power supply 28 is activated by the controller 60, and periodic pulse power is supplied to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42. The At this time, the energization heating pipe 1134 of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 is energized, and reaches a desired set temperature (for example, 1000 ° C.) selected from a temperature range of 800 to 1200 ° C., for example. Then, in response to the temperature signal T of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42, a command signal is output from the controller 60 to the electromagnetic valve 32, and the electromagnetic valve 32 is energized to open. At this time, the liquefied high pressure (for example, 40 MPa) CO 2 Wfp accumulated in the buffer accumulator 30 is ejected to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 at a high speed flow. At that time, the liquefied high-pressure working fluid Wfp sequentially contacts the outer surface of the high-temperature energized heating pipe 1134 and is uniformly heated while being stirred. The supercritical fluid SCf in the vicinity of a predetermined temperature (for example, about 1000 ° C.) when heated is a high-temperature and high-pressure power medium. Next, the supercritical fluid SCf flows into the expansion chamber 116 from the inlet 124 of the rotary fluid machine 40, acts on the movable piston (rotary piston main body) 200, expands explosively, and is converted into mechanical energy to be output shaft. Torque is generated at 132.

  The composite compressor 27 is activated by the torque generated in the output shaft 132 when the energy conversion device 12 is started and after the start is completed, and the fluid compression means P1 and the refrigerant compression means P2 in the composite compressor 27 are simultaneously operated. The sealed power cycle circuit 15 and the heat pump circuit HP are activated in synchronization with each other. At this time, in the heat pump circuit HP, the supercritical refrigerant Cmp discharged from the refrigerant compression means P2 is decompressed by the expander 47, expands and evaporates to become a low-temperature low-pressure gas, and the first heat exchanger EV1 that functions as the cooler 43 is obtained. Then, cold heat (for example, −10 ° C .: 3 MPa) is generated to cool the expansion gas. Subsequently, the low-temperature low-pressure liquefied gas thus obtained is circulated to the refrigerant compression means P2 of the composite compressor 27 as a liquefied refrigerant of the heat pump circuit HP, where the pressure is increased and supplied to the expander 47 as a high-pressure liquefied refrigerant Cmp. The liquefied refrigerant Cmo that has exited the first heat exchanger EV1 is heated by using the ambient heat in the second heat exchanger EV2, and then, as the low-temperature low-pressure CO2 working fluid Wf, the inlet of the fluid compression means P1 of the composite compressor 27 The air is sucked from 356A and compressed by the fluid compression means P1, and then the sealed power cycle circuit 15 is repeatedly executed.

  During operation of the energy conversion device 12, the power generated by the alternator 25 is stored in the power storage unit 20 via the circuit breaker 19 and the charger 21. As described above, a part of the power generated by the generator 16 may be used as power for storage instead of the power generated by the alternator 25. In this case, the switch 56 is turned on and a part of the power generated by the generator 16 is stepped down by the transformer 58 and then supplied to the power storage unit 20 via the charger 21. When a commercial power source is used as the external power source 50, the switch 54 is turned on, and the nighttime surplus power is stepped down by the transformer 52 and then supplied to the power storage unit 20 via the charger 21. A renewable energy power generation device may be used as the external power source 50. In this way, during operation of the energy conversion device 12, the generated power of the alternator 25 driven by using a part of the generated power of the generator 16 or a part of the mechanical energy is supplied to the power storage unit 20 as the power for storage. Therefore, the next-generation power supply system can supply stable power over a relatively long period in the daytime power peak time zone.

  As described above, the next generation power supply system and the next generation power supply method according to the embodiment of the present invention have been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown in this embodiment, and various modifications are possible. For example, although the compressor has been described as being composed of a composite compressor, the composite compressor may be composed of a plurality of compressors separated and independent in accordance with their respective functions. Further, although the second heat exchanger is arranged between the cooler and the compressor, the second heat exchanger may be saved. Further, a medium other than CO2 may be used as the working fluid and the refrigerant.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Energy conversion device; 14 Output device; 15 Sealed power cycle circuit; 16 Generator; 20 Power storage unit; 21 Charger; 22, 23 1st, 2nd power storage device; 24, 26 1st, 2nd switching controller; 25 Alternator; 27 Compressor (composite compressor); 28 Pulsed power supply; 30 Buffer accumulator; 32 Solenoid valve; 40 Rotary fluid machine; 42 Instantaneous supercritical fluid generator; 43 Cooler (heat exchanger); 47 Expansion 50; external power supply; 52, 58 transformer; 60 controller; HP heat pump circuit; EV1 first heat exchanger; EV2 second heat exchanger

Claims (6)

  A fluid compressor, an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator, a movable piston, and a cooler are disposed in a sealed power cycle circuit, and the power storage unit supplied with power from an external power source is charged into the power storage unit. Pulse power is generated by supplying electric power to the pulse power source, the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is heated by the pulse power, the low-temperature low-pressure working fluid is compressed by the fluid compressor, and the high-pressure working fluid is A supercritical fluid is generated by contact with a supercritical fluid generator, mechanical energy is generated while generating an expansion gas by operating the movable piston by the supercritical fluid, and the expansion gas is cooled by the cooler. Next, the low-temperature low-pressure working fluid is regenerated and circulated through the sealed power cycle circuit, and the mechanical energy is supplied to the generator to generate generated power. Power supply system.   Furthermore, the first pressure path between the fluid compressor and the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is set to a first predetermined pressure by temporarily accumulating the high-pressure working fluid supplied from the fluid compressor with a buffer accumulator. Maintaining a second pressure path between the low pressure side of the movable piston and the inlet side of the fluid compressor at a second predetermined pressure lower than the first predetermined pressure, and from the buffer accumulator to the instantaneous supercritical fluid The next-generation power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the supply timing of the high-pressure working fluid supplied to the generator is controlled by a control valve.   Further, a heat pump circuit is arranged in thermal connection with the power cycle circuit, and a high-pressure refrigerant is generated by operating the heat pump circuit with a part of the mechanical energy, and the high-temperature refrigerant is expanded to generate cold heat. The next generation according to claim 1, further comprising: a heat exchanger for generating, wherein the cooler includes the heat exchanger, and the expansion gas is cooled by the cold generated by the heat exchanger. Power supply system.   Carbon dioxide is sealed in the sealed power cycle circuit and the heat pump circuit as the working fluid and the refrigerant at the first and second predetermined pressures, respectively, and the mechanical energy is supplied to the refrigerant compressor in the heat pump circuit. The next-generation power supply system according to claim 3, wherein a high-pressure refrigerant is generated, and the fluid compressor and the refrigerant compressor are operated in a supercritical state.   A fluid compressor, an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator, a movable piston, and a cooler are disposed in a sealed power cycle circuit, and the power storage unit supplied with power from an external power source is charged into the power storage unit. Pulse power is generated by supplying electric power to the pulse power source, the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is heated by the pulse power, the low-temperature low-pressure working fluid is compressed by the fluid compressor, and the high-pressure working fluid is A supercritical fluid is generated by contact with a supercritical fluid generator, mechanical energy is generated while generating an expansion gas by operating the movable piston by the supercritical fluid, and the expansion gas is cooled by the cooler. Next, the low-temperature low-pressure working fluid is regenerated and circulated through the sealed power cycle circuit, and the mechanical energy is supplied to the generator to generate generated power. Power supply method.   6. The next generation power according to claim 5, wherein the power storage unit is charged with generated power obtained by supplying a part of the generated power of the generator or a part of the mechanical energy to the alternator and operating the generator. Supply method.

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