JP2015017598A - Next-generation method and apparatus for photovoltaic power generation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a clean energy generating method and a small-sized high performance apparatus of which low cost production can be carried out and that can output high energy in a continuous and stable manner.SOLUTION: There is provided an energy conversion device 12 having an airtight power cycle 15 and a heat pump HP. Refrigerant vapor generated by the heat pump from low temperature low pressure refrigerant is compressed by a refrigerant compressor P2 to generate high temperature high pressure refrigerant, thereafter the refrigerant is expanded and evaporated to generate cold heat, the heat of the high temperature high pressure refrigerant is transmitted to low temperature low pressure working fluid of the airtight power cycle, the low temperature low pressure working fluid is compressed by a fluid compressor P1 to generate high temperature and high pressure working fluid, an electrical power of a power storage unit 20 is supplied to a pulse power source 28 to generate a pulse power, an electric power force gas generator 42 is heated up to a prescribed temperature, the high temperature high pressure working fluid is contacted with the electric power force gas generator to generate high temperature high pressure power force gas, a movable piston 200 is operated by the high temperature high pressure power force gas to generate mechanical energy.

Description

  The present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation method and apparatus, and more particularly to a next-generation photovoltaic power generation method and apparatus.

  In recent years, air pollution and global warming have become increasingly serious, and solar power generation systems are attracting attention as effective countermeasures. In the conventional photovoltaic power generation system, the output voltage fluctuates due to fluctuations in the incident energy of sunlight, and it is difficult to continuously supply high-quality and stable power. Various techniques have been proposed as a solution.

  In Patent Document 1, the power of the photovoltaic power generation module is charged in a capacitor, and the compressed air obtained by directly driving the air compressor via the electric motor by the output power from the capacitor is stored in the compressed air storage tank. A solar power generation system has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 2, the power of the photovoltaic power generation panel is charged in the battery bank, and the compressed air is stored in the compressed air storage tank by driving the air compressor with the output power of the battery bank, and then from the compressed air storage tank. A hybrid solar power generation system has been proposed in which an air turbine is driven by supplied compressed air to generate electric power and store electric power in a secondary battery bank.

US Pat. No. 6,367,259 U.S. Pat. No. 7,964,787

  By the way, in the solar power generation system disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the compressed air is stored by charging the capacitor or the battery bank with the electric power obtained from the solar energy and driving the compressor using the stored electric power. It was stored in a tank. In that structure, a large-capacity capacitor or a battery bank is required, and the equipment cost is enormous. Moreover, the compressed air storage tank itself inevitably has a huge structure, and it was not possible to install it in a place closer to the consumption area from the viewpoint of safety. Furthermore, when the compressed air is discharged from the compressed air storage tank, the volume of the compressed air in the tank is abruptly decreased, so that the pressure energy of the compressed air is rapidly decreased. For this reason, it has been difficult to maintain pressure energy for driving the air compressor and the air turbine with a rating for a long time, and it has been impossible to continuously supply high-quality and stable power. Moreover, stable power could not be supplied continuously in the case of bad weather such as nighttime or cloudy or rainy weather. On the other hand, in the conventional solar power generation system, it was necessary to install a large amount of solar panels on a vast site. Therefore, it was a cause of destroying the natural environment and biological forms. In addition, since the photovoltaic power generation system generates power at a location far from the energy consumption area, it requires enormous facilities and land for transiting the power. Thus, the amount of solar panel itself used cannot be reduced, and a large site area and large-scale construction work are still required. For this reason, it has been impossible to supply high-quality and stable electric power at a low cost in a place closer to the consumption area.

  The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and does not require a large site area and large-scale construction work, and is closer to the consumption area without causing environmental destruction or destruction of biological forms. It is an object of the present invention to provide a next-generation photovoltaic power generation method and apparatus that can be easily installed and can continuously supply high-quality and stable electric power even in the case of nighttime or long-term bad weather.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in the next-generation photovoltaic power generation method, a power storage unit that stores the power generated by the solar power generation device as the first power storage power, and an operation sealed at a predetermined pressure An energy conversion device having a fluid power and a sealed power cycle that operates with the stored power of the power storage unit is prepared, the working fluid is pressurized by a rotary intensifier to generate a high-temperature high-pressure working fluid, and the stored power is Pulse power is generated by supplying to the pulse power supply, and the enthalpy amplifier is energized and heated by the pulse power to heat to a predetermined temperature higher than the temperature of the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid, and the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid is combined with the enthalpy amplifier. A high enthalpy power fluid is generated by contact, and a movable piston is operated by the high enthalpy power fluid to generate power. The power is supplied to a generator to generate electric power, the rotary pressure booster is driven by a part of the power, and the expansion gas of the movable piston is cooled and then returned to the rotary pressure booster. .

  According to the invention described in claim 2, in addition to the configuration described in claim 1, preferably, the power generated using the power is supplied to the power storage unit as second power storage power. Features.

  According to the second invention described in claim 3, in the next-generation photovoltaic power generation method, the power generation unit that stores the power generated by the solar power generation device as the first power storage power is sealed at a predetermined pressure. Prepares an energy conversion device that has a closed power cycle and a heat pump that circulates a working fluid that can evaporate at a low boiling point and a refrigerant, and generates a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant by compressing a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant by a refrigerant compressor with the heat pump. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is transmitted to the working fluid of the sealed power cycle to generate a high-pressure refrigerant, and the high-pressure refrigerant is expanded by the first expander to generate the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant while collecting the first power. Evaporating the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant to generate cold, and compressing the working fluid by a fluid compressor in the sealed power cycle to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid; The pulsed power is supplied to the pulsed power supply to generate the pulsed power, and the enthalpy amplifier is energized and heated by the pulsed power to raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature higher than the heat receiving temperature of the working fluid. A high enthalpy power fluid is generated by contacting the working fluid with the enthalpy amplifier, and the high enthalpy power fluid is expanded by a second expander connected to the first expander via an output shaft. Two powers are recovered, the expansion gas of the second expander is cooled by the cold heat, the refrigerant and the working fluid are regenerated, and the first and second powers are supplied to the generator via the output shaft. Then, electric power is generated, and the refrigerant compressor and the fluid compressor are driven by a part of the first and second powers via the output shaft.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, the next-generation photovoltaic power generation apparatus includes a power storage unit that stores power generated by the solar power generation apparatus as first power storage power, and an operation sealed at a predetermined pressure. A rotary intensifier comprising a fluid conversion device having a sealed power cycle that is operated by the stored electric power of the power storage unit, and the energy conversion device pressurizes the working fluid to generate a high-temperature high-pressure working fluid; A pulse power source that generates pulse power by the stored power, an enthalpy amplifier that generates high enthalpy power fluid from the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid by generating heat by the pulse power, and an output drivingly connected to the rotary pressure intensifier A movable piston that has a shaft and expands the high enthalpy power fluid to generate power, and is driven by the power to generate power An electric generator, and drives the intensifier the rotary part of the animal forces.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, in addition to the structure described in claim 4, the energy conversion device further uses the power generated by using the power as the second power storage power. It is provided with the charger which supplies to.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, the enthalpy amplifier includes a reactor casing, an enthalpy amplification chamber formed in the reactor casing, and an energization heating element housed in the enthalpy amplification chamber. A heating element is energized by the pulse power to generate heat to the predetermined temperature that is several times higher than the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid, thereby generating the high enthalpy power fluid from the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the next-generation photovoltaic power generation apparatus is a photovoltaic power generation apparatus that generates power by sunlight, a power storage unit that charges the power as first power storage power, An energy conversion device having a sealed power cycle and a heat pump that circulates a working fluid that can be evaporated at a low boiling point and a refrigerant by being sealed at a predetermined pressure, and the heat pump compresses the refrigerant to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant A refrigerant compressor that generates heat, a radiator that transmits heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to the working fluid of the hermetic power cycle to generate high-pressure refrigerant, and recovers the first power by decompressing and expanding the high-pressure refrigerant A first expander that generates a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant, and a heat exchanger that generates cold by evaporating the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant, and the sealed power cycle compresses the working fluid to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid. A fluid compressor to be generated; a pulse power source that generates pulsed power by supplying stored power from the power storage unit; energized by the pulse power and heated to a predetermined temperature; An enthalpy amplifier to be generated; a second expander that is connected to the first expander via an output shaft and recovers second power by expanding the high enthalpy power fluid; and the heat exchanger. A refrigerant that regenerates the working fluid and the refrigerant by cooling the expansion gas of the second expander by the refrigerant, and a generator that generates electric power driven by the first and second powers. And the refrigerant compressor and the fluid compressor are driven by a part of the first and second powers.

  In the next-generation photovoltaic power generation method and the next-generation photovoltaic power generation apparatus of the present invention, the power of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus is stored in the storage unit as the first storage power. The stored power of the power storage unit is supplied to a pulse power source to generate pulse power, and the enthalpy amplifier is energized by the pulse power to raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature. A high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid generated by being pressurized by a rotary intensifier is brought into contact with an enthalpy amplifier to convert it into a high enthalpy power fluid, and a movable piston is operated by the high enthalpy power fluid to recover power. Since the high enthalpy power fluid acts continuously on the movable piston (during the entire expansion stroke), the net effective average pressure of the movable piston reaches about 200 to 450 Kgf / cm2, and the net effective average pressure of the existing racing car. It becomes very large as compared with 13.5 kgf / cm2. Therefore, it is possible to extract extremely large power using a high enthalpy power fluid, and this can be supplied to a generator to continuously obtain stable high-quality power of several tens of kilowatts to several hundred megawatts. .

  In addition, since the power storage unit stores not only the power generated by the concentrating power generator but also a part of the power generated using this power, it is not suitable for bad weather such as cloudy or rainy weather or at night. Even in the time zone, high-quality and stable power can be continuously supplied. Moreover, since the power consumption of the enthalpy amplifier itself is small, it is not necessary to employ a large amount of solar panels, and large-scale construction work associated with the installation of the solar panels is not required.

  Furthermore, since the heat pump is thermally connected to the closed power cycle and the heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant of the heat pump is recovered by the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid of the closed power cycle without releasing heat to the outside air, the operating efficiency of the energy conversion device is improved. improves.

The block diagram of the next-generation solar power generation device for implementing the next-generation solar power generation method by the Example of this invention is shown. Sectional drawing of the composite compressor in the next-generation solar power generation device of FIG. 1 is shown. Sectional drawing of the enthalpy amplifier in the next-generation solar power generation device of FIG. 1 is shown.

  Embodiments of the next-generation photovoltaic power generator according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the next-generation photovoltaic power generation apparatus 10 is illustrated as having a stationary structure, but is mounted on a moving body such as a vehicle, a ship, an aircraft, a railway locomotive, a space shuttle, an airship, etc. It may be used as a mobile structure.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the next-generation photovoltaic power generation apparatus 10 includes a sealed power cycle 15 and a heat pump HP that circulate a working fluid and a refrigerant that can be evaporated at a low boiling point by being sealed at a predetermined pressure. And an output device 16 that transmits the power of the energy conversion device 12 to the generator GE. The output device 16 has a clutch CL that selectively cuts off or fastens the power of the energy conversion device 12. The electric power of the generator GE is sold through a power line PL via a desired electrical facility or system linkage device.

  Although the present invention is not limited as a working fluid and a refrigerant, it is a safe substance that exists in nature, and because it can be obtained at a very low cost, the ozone depletion coefficient is zero and the global warming potential Is carbon dioxide (hereinafter abbreviated as CO2), which is a natural refrigerant. For convenience of explanation, the working fluid of the sealed power cycle 12 is called a CO2 working fluid, and the refrigerant of the heat pump HP is called a CO2 refrigerant, but the working fluid is also called a CO2 refrigerant. In the sealed power cycle 15 and the heat pump HP, the present invention is not limited. However, the pressure on the low pressure side is a predetermined pressure below the supercritical point of CO2, for example, 3 to 5.7 MPa. Filled. For example, when the pressure on the low pressure side is set to 5.7 MPa, the CO 2 refrigerant liquefies at about 20 ° C. When the pressure on the low pressure side is set to 3 MPa, the CO 2 refrigerant liquefies at about −6 ° C. Thus, the filling pressure of the CO2 refrigerant can be freely selected according to various conditions in the system. Note that other refrigerants such as a low boiling point (boiling point 15.3 ° C.) R245fa HFC refrigerant may be used as the refrigerant.

  The hermetic power cycle 15 includes a compressor (composite rotary fluid machine) 27 that compresses the low-temperature low-pressure CO 2 working fluid Wf at a pressure equal to or higher than the supercritical point (31.1 ° C., 7.4 MPa), and discharge from the compressor 27 A buffer piston damper 30 having a storage chamber 30b containing a sliding piston and spring means 30a for storing the high-temperature high-pressure CO 2 working fluid (supercritical fluid) Wfp via a check valve 29, and an outlet of the buffer damper 30 An electromagnetic valve (control valve) 32 that controls the flow (circulation period) of the supercritical fluid Wfp supplied from 30c, and a supercritical point (31.1 ° C.) of the supercritical fluid Wfp supplied from the buffer damper 30 An enthalpy amplifier (instantaneous supercritical) that generates a high enthalpy power fluid consisting of supercritical fluid instantaneously by heating to the above temperature (for example, 600 to 800 ° C.) Body generator) 42, and first and second rotary fluid machine parts for recovering first and second power by introducing and expanding high pressure refrigerant Cmh and supercritical fluid Scf of heat pump HP into working chamber 116, respectively. The rotary fluid machine 40 includes 40A and 40B (first and second expanders), and an output shaft 132 that extracts the first and second powers and transmits a part of them to the compressor 27. The first and second expanders 40A and 40B include a common rotary piston body 200 supported by the output shaft 132 and rotatably accommodated in the working chamber 116. The high-pressure refrigerant Cmh and supercritical fluid are contained in the working chamber 116. Inlet 126A, 126B that supplies fluid Scf, respectively, and outlet 126A, 126B that discharges low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant Cme and expansion gas Eg, respectively.

  The spring means 30a of the buffer damper 30 is selected so that the pressure of the high-pressure CO2 working fluid (supercritical fluid) in the storage chamber 30b is maintained at, for example, 20 to 60 MPa. Therefore, in the sealed power cycle 15, the pressure in the first fluid pressure path between the check valve 29 and the solenoid valve (control valve) 32 is maintained at 20 to 60 MPa, and the remaining second fluid pressure path (rotary fluid) The closed power cycle 15 is filled with the CO 2 working fluid so that the low pressure side of the machine 40 is maintained at 3 MPa, for example. The compressor 27, for example, discharges a supercritical fluid at a pressure of 20 to 60 MPa, so that the spring means 30a of the buffer damper 30 is always maintained in a compressed state during the operation of the sealed power cycle 15, and is super The critical fluid Wfp is stored.

  The solenoid valve 32 is the same as that described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-270756 “Supercritical Engine and Supercritical Engine Driven Power Generation Device and Next Generation Solar Power Generation Device Having the Same” by the same inventor as the present inventor. Since it has a structure, detailed description is omitted.

  The heat pump HP exchanges heat with the expansion gas Eg of the second expander 40B, absorbs heat while primarily cooling the expansion gas Eg, and generates a refrigerant vapor Cm from the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant Cmo, and is incorporated in the compressor 27. The refrigerant compression means P2 (see FIG. 2) for generating the supercritical CO2 refrigerant Cmp by raising the CO2 refrigerant vapor Cm to the supercritical pressure and the refrigerant vapor Cm while precooling the expansion gas Eg by the low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant Cmo. The generated precooler (heat exchanger) EVo and the low-temperature low-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cme are evaporated to generate cold heat (−10 ° C .; 3 MPa), and the heat exchanger EV1 (cooler 43) that cools the expansion gas Eg by this cold heat. ) And the high-temperature high-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cmp discharged from the outlet 358B of the refrigerant compression means P2 into the low-temperature low-pressure CO2 working fluid Wfo of the sealed power cycle 15 Heat to generate a working fluid Wf composed of vortex steam, a radiator EV2 that generates a high-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cmh, and decompression and expansion of the high-pressure CO2 refrigerant to generate first power and a low-temperature low-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cme First expander 40A. The low-temperature and low-pressure CO2 refrigerant that has come out of the heat exchanger EV1 exchanges heat with the expansion gas Eg in the precooler EVo to become refrigerant vapor, and is returned to the inlet 356B of the refrigerant compression means P2 of the compressor 27. The low-temperature and low-pressure expansion gas Wfo that has come out absorbs heat from the high-temperature and high-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cmp by the radiator EV2, and the low-temperature and low-pressure CO2 working fluid becomes superheated steam Wf to the inlet 356A of the fluid compression means P1 of the compressor 27 of the hermetic power cycle 15. After that, the same heat pump cycle and power cycle are repeatedly executed.

  As is clear from FIG. 2, the composite compressor 27 preferably compresses the CO2 working fluid Wf having a predetermined pressure (for example, 3 MPa) at a pressure equal to or higher than the supercritical point to obtain a supercritical fluid (CO2 supercritical fluid). From a combined rotary fluid machine comprising a fluid compression means P1 for generating Wfp and a refrigerant compression means P2 for increasing a low-temperature low-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cm to a critical pressure to generate a high-temperature high-pressure CO2 refrigerant (supercritical fluid) Cmp. Composed. The reason why the compressor 27 compresses the CO2 working fluid and the CO2 refrigerant into superheated steam under the condition above the critical pressure is that the power required for compression of these fluids is greatly increased (about one-fifth compared with normal gas compression). This is to drastically improve the driving efficiency.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the composite compressor 27 includes a rotor housing 352 concentrically connected to a rotary fluid machine 40 and an enthalpy amplifier 42, and a low-temperature low-pressure CO 2 operation connected to the sealed power cycle 15. A first inlet 356A for introducing fluid Wf, a first outlet 358A for discharging supercritical CO2 working fluid (supercritical fluid) Wfp, a second inlet 356B for introducing low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant Cm, and a supercritical CO2 refrigerant Cmp The second outlet 358B to be discharged, the rotor working chamber 360 in which the inlets 356A and 356B and the outlets 358A and 358B are opened, and the rotor working chamber that is drivingly connected to the driving shaft 132 of the rotary fluid machine 40 by press fitting or other connecting means. 360 includes a crank rotor 362 housed rotatably.

  The crank rotor 362 includes a lubricating oil passage 362a that extends radially outward from the main lubricating oil supply passage 132L formed in the drive shaft 132, a lubricating oil supply port 362b, and the lubricating oil supply port 362b to the outer peripheral end of the lobe 364. And a porous plug 362c capable of supplying a small amount of lubricating oil. Lubricating oil is supplied to the main lubricating oil supply passage 132L by a lubricating oil pump or the like described in Japanese Patent No. 5103570 “Rotating fluid machine” by the same inventor as the present inventors.

  The composite compressor 27 further sucks the CO2 working fluid Wf and the refrigerant Cm from the inlets 356A and 356B while rotating and moving on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor working chamber 360, and compresses these fluids to a supercritical pressure. A plurality of lobes 364 discharged from the outlets 358A, 358B, a curved sliding recess 366 formed at the circumferential rear edge in the radially inner region of the lobe 364, and moved relative to the crank rotor 362 adjacent to the inlet 356 A possible swinging piston 368 and a compression chamber 370 formed between the swinging piston 368 and the curved sliding recess 366 are provided.

  The swing piston 368 includes a piston element 376 that is housed in a piston swing chamber 372 formed in the rotor housing 352 and rotates via a pivot shaft 374. The tip of the piston element 376 includes a curved seal portion 376a and a communication opening 376b that slide while contacting the lobe 364 and the curved sliding recess 366. A pressure spring 380 presses the piston element 376 toward the crank rotor 362 in the spring housing portion 378 formed in the rotor housing 352. When the rotary shaft 40 is driven to rotate in the clockwise direction in FIG. 2, for example, when the rotary fluid machine 40 is started, in the composite compressor 27, the compression chamber 370 is supplied with CO2 working fluid Wf from the inlets 356A and 356B, respectively. Refrigerant Cm is sucked and discharged from outlets 358A and 358B as supercritical fluid and supercritical CO2 refrigerant, respectively. Thus, the crank rotor 362 of the compressor 27 functions as a common part of the working fluid compression means P1 and the refrigerant compression means P2.

  The composite compressor 27 is a rotary pump described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-218058 “Rotary Combustion Engine, Hybrid Rotary Combustion Engine, and Next-Generation Solar Power Generation Apparatus Having These” by the same inventor as the present inventor. Since they have the same structure, further detailed description is omitted. As the composite compressor 27, a rotary fluid machine described later by the same inventor as the present application may be used.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the enthalpy amplifier 42 includes a cylindrical reactor casing 1100 concentrically connected to the composite compressor 27 and the rotary fluid machine 40. The cylindrical reactor casing 1100 is formed on the inner side of the cylindrical reactor casing 1100 and the insulating heat resistant layer 1116 such as ceramic formed on the radially outer side of the central inner peripheral portion 1114 of the casing 1100, and on the inner side of the insulating heat resistant layer 1116. An enthalpy amplification chamber 1118 is formed. A central inner peripheral portion 1114 of the cylindrical reactor casing 1100 includes an inner peripheral wall portion 1114 having a diameter for allowing the output shaft 132 of the rotary fluid machine 40 to pass therethrough.

  The suction port 1102 of the enthalpy amplifier 42 extends to the radial wall 1120 and is fitted with the electromagnetic valve 32, and the radial wall 1120 has a plurality of openings 1122 extending in the circumferential direction. Counter electrodes 1124 and 1126 are disposed at corner portions 1118a and 1118b of the enthalpy amplification chamber 1118, respectively. The pair of electrodes 1124 and 1126 are connected to the pulse power supply 28. A temperature sensor S2 is attached to the casing 1100, and a temperature signal T is supplied to the controller 60 (see FIG. 1) and used for controlling the pulse width of the pulse power.

  The enthalpy amplification chamber 1118 is filled with a large number of tubular energization heating elements 1134 interposed between the counter electrodes 1124 and 1126. In response to the pulse power, a large number of tubular energization heating elements 1134 generate energization heat and reach a supercritical region of 600 to 800 ° C., so that the pulse power supply 28 is controlled so that the duty cycle of the pulse power becomes a predetermined value. . The gap between the tubular energization heating elements 1134 can also act as the arc discharge region 1136, but it is not always necessary to generate arc discharge as long as the above-described supercritical region can be maintained. When the arc discharge is generated, as the tubular energization heating element 1134, for example, a commercially available copper tungsten pipe having an outer diameter of 6 to 30 mm has a predetermined length (for example, a length of 0.5 to 1.5 times the outer shape). An energized heat generating pipe cut into In FIG. 1, the energizing heat generating pipe 1134 is illustrated as being arranged in an aligned state in the enthalpy amplification chamber 1118. However, in an actual application example, the energized heat generating pipe 1134 is pressed at a predetermined pressure and maintained in an electrical connection relationship. For example, they may be arranged in a random state. In the case where no arc discharge is generated in the enthalpy amplification chamber 1118, a number of stainless steel pipes cut into a predetermined length or other refractory metal pipes may be used as the tubular energization heating element 1134. The CO 2 supercritical fluid passes through the gap between the energized heat generating pipe 1134 and the hole of the energized heat generating pipe 1134. At this time, the enthalpy power fluid is instantly generated by being heated while colliding with each part of the energized heat generating pipe 1134.

  When adopting a copper tungsten pipe as the energization heat generating pipe 1134, the pulse voltage of the pulse power may be selected so that arc discharge occurs in the adjacent portion where the energization heat generation pipes 1134 contact each other. Arc discharge occurs more frequently when the voltage of a pulse current that periodically generates a pulse voltage changes periodically between a high level and a low level. Therefore, it is possible to further increase the pressure and temperature of the high enthalpy power fluid by controlling the high level and the low level in the voltage of the pulse current. The above-mentioned energizing heat generating pipe is advantageous in that the flow resistance of the working fluid is greatly reduced, but the conductive high melting point heating means may be made of other materials. For example, using a copper tungsten ball, a carbon ball, a bulk conductive metal body in which a groove for allowing a working fluid to pass, a bulk conductive carbon, a porous refractory metal body, a refractory honeycomb metal body, etc. are used. Also good. A filter unit 1106 is disposed adjacent to the enthalpy amplification chamber 1118, and the filter unit 1106 is filled with a filter 1110 formed of a heat-resistant metal wire or the like. When the electromagnetic valve 32 is opened at a predetermined cycle, the high enthalpy power fluid Scf that has passed through the filter 1110 is filtered by the filter 1142 and then supplied from the outlet 1140 to the inlet 124 of the rotary fluid machine 40.

  The rotary fluid machine 40 is preferably Japanese Patent No. 5103570 (Title of the invention: rotary fluid machine) and Japanese Patent No. 5218929 (Title of the invention: rotary combustion engine, hybrid rotary) by the same inventor as the present inventors. And the same structure as the rotary fluid machine disclosed in (combustion engine and next-generation photovoltaic power generation apparatus including these). As another example, a structure described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-259090 (title of the invention: rotary fluid machine) by the same inventor as the present inventor can be used.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the concentrating solar power generation device 50 is connected to the power storage unit (power storage system) 20 via the DC / DC converter 52 and the charger 21, and the power of the concentrating solar power generation device 50 is DC. After the voltage is adjusted by the / DC converter 52, the power storage unit 20 is charged via the charger 21 as the first power storage power. As the concentrating solar power generation device 50, for example, one made by Sunrgi, Inc., California, USA can be mentioned. This concentrating solar power generation apparatus uses solar energy condensed up to 1600 times by a condensing lens to reduce the use amount of solar cell elements to an area of a hundredth, thereby reducing installation space and facilities. It has a structure that greatly reduces costs. Further, as an auxiliary for the case where the incident energy of sunlight is insufficient, the alternator 25 is drivingly connected to the output shaft 132 of the energy conversion device 12 via the power transmission means 45 and is low in pressure (for example, 12 to 24 volts). The power is supplied as the second power storage power. That is, the alternator 25 is supplied to the charger 21 via the circuit breaker 19 and is charged in the power storage unit 20. The power storage unit 20 includes a charger 21, a first power storage device 22, a second power storage device 23, a first switching controller 24 that alternately connects the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 to the charger 21, And a second switching controller 26 that alternately connects the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 to the pulse power supply 28. Although not shown, the charger 21 includes a rectifier that converts low-voltage AC power into DC power and a smoothing circuit, as in a known structure. A voltage sensor and a current sensor (both not shown) for detecting voltage and current are connected to the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23, respectively. The voltage detection value V1 and the current detection value I1 of these voltage sensors and current sensors are output to the controller 60, and the respective remaining storage capacities (SOC values: State of charge) of the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 are calculated. These are used to output command signals from the circuit breaker 19 and the first and second switching controllers 24 and 26 based on the respective SOC values. Further, when the remaining power storage capacity (SOC value) of both the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 becomes a predetermined value or less, a command signal is output from the controller 60 and the circuit breaker 19 is automatically turned on. Then, the charger 21 is connected to the alternator 25. In this way, the first and second power storage power are continuously supplied to the power storage unit 20 even in the case of nighttime or long-term irregular weather, and the energy conversion device 12 can be continuously operated.

  As the first and second power storage devices 22, 23, an engine starting battery (part number: ESM123000-31) using a commercially available ultracapacitor module that can be applied to pulse charge / discharge cycle applications (US ”Maxwell Technologies) “Made by company” can be mentioned. This battery can be charged for a short time in 15 minutes, and is suitable as a power storage device because the output voltage is 12 volts and the output current is 1500-1700 A. Other power storage devices include, for example, rapid charge / discharge type storage batteries (Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd .: trade name “Ultra Battery”), supercapacitors (made by Tokin) consisting of large-capacity electric double layer capacitors, sodium ion batteries, lithium ion batteries Or a Ni-MH battery (nickel-hydrogen battery) or a combination of these batteries and a large-capacity electric double layer capacitor. An ultracapacitor (not shown) may be connected between the output lines of the first power storage device 22. Output power is alternately supplied from the first power storage device 22 and the second power storage device 23 to the pulse power supply 28.

  The controller 60 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes predetermined arithmetic processing, a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores a predetermined control program, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) that temporarily stores data. For example, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory) is used. The controller 60 is connected to an input device (not shown) for inputting control parameters to be controlled and a device start switch.

  The pulse power supply 28 supplies pulse power having a predetermined cycle (for example, 50 to 2000 hertz) from the power supplied from the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23. In pulse power, the pulse voltage is preferably set between 12 or 24 volts. When it is desired to generate an arc discharge between a plurality of energized heating elements, the circuit may be designed so that a pulse current composed of a peak current and a base current is supplied to the enthalpy amplifier 42. At this time, according to the capacity of the energy conversion device 12, the pulse current preferably has a peak current of 20 to 200 amperes flowing during the peak current conduction period and a current value of about one tenth of the peak current, You may comprise so that it may have the base current which flows in an off-peak current energization period. In the enthalpy amplifier 42, a large number of energized heat generating pipes 1134 are energized in response to pulsed power to raise the temperature to a carbon dioxide critical temperature of 374 ° C. or higher, for example, 800 to 1200 ° C. This temperature is freely selected according to the operating conditions. In the process in which the supercritical fluid sequentially contacts and passes the outer surface of the energized heat generating pipe 1134, the high enthalpy power fluid is heated to a high temperature supercritical fluid Scf under supercritical conditions.

  The pulse power supply 28 is preferably a DC pulse power supply or an AC pulse power supply as long as it generates a pulse current composed of a peak current and a base current. Examples of the direct-current pulse power supply include a circuit configuration used in a power supply apparatus for pulse arc welding as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2587343.

  In FIG. 1, from the pressure signal PS from the pressure sensor S1 of the buffer damper, the temperature signal T (see FIG. 4) from the temperature sensor S2 of the enthalpy amplifier 42, and the rotational speed sensor S3 of the output shaft 132 of the energy conversion device 12. Is transmitted to the controller 60. From an input device (not shown), a calendar signal and a parameter setting signal such as temperature and pressure are input to the controller 60 as a reference signal. The voltage signal V1 and current signal I1 of each of the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 are transmitted to the controller 60, and the controller 60 stores the charges of the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 in response to these input signals. The state (state of charge) is determined, and one of the first and second power storage devices 22 and 23 is connected to the pulse power source 28 via the second switching controller 26 and the first switching controller 24 is connected to the first state. The other of the second power storage devices 22 and 23 is charged by the charger 21. Further, the controller 60 controls the electromagnetic valve 32 in response to the input signals PS, T, SP from the sensors S1 to S3. At this time, the controller 60 controls the rotary fluid machine 40 to maintain the electromagnetic valve 32 in the open state during the entire expansion stroke of the second rotary fluid machine unit 40B. Therefore, the high enthalpy power fluid continuously acts on the second rotary fluid machine unit 40B during the entire period of the expansion stroke. On the other hand, the controller 60 outputs a control signal Cc for engaging / disengaging the clutch CL in accordance with the operation conditions of the next-generation solar power generation device 10.

  Next, the next-generation photovoltaic power generation method according to the present invention will be described in relation to the description relating to the operation of the next-generation photovoltaic power generation apparatus 10 of the present embodiment.

  In the operation of the energy conversion device 12, it is assumed that the power storage unit 20 is charged with the power for power storage supplied from the concentrating solar power generation device 50. First, when a device start switch (not shown) is turned on, the switching device 26 is actuated by a command signal from the controller 60 and pulse power is supplied from the first power storage device 22 of the power storage unit 20 to the pulse power supply 28. . At this time, the pulse power supply 28 is activated by a command signal from the controller 60, and periodic pulse power is supplied to the enthalpy amplifier 42. Then, the energization heat generating pipe 1134 is energized and generates heat to a desired set temperature (for example, 800 ° C.). When the temperature signal T of the enthalpy amplifier 42 reaches this set temperature, a command signal is output from the controller 60 to the electromagnetic valve 32, and the electromagnetic valve 32 is energized to open. At this time, the CO 2 working fluid Wfp stored in the buffer damper 30 is supplied to the enthalpy amplifier 42. In the enthalpy amplifier 42, the CO2 working fluid Wfp is in contact with the outer surface of the energized heat generating pipe 1134 in order and uniformly heated while being stirred, and further heated while passing through the gaps and holes of the energized heat generating pipe 1134. Thus, a high enthalpy power fluid composed of the supercritical fluid SCf is generated. The high enthalpy power fluid SCf flows into the expansion chamber 116 from the inlet 124B of the second rotary fluid machine section 40B and acts on the rotary piston main body 200 to expand explosively to generate power and generate torque on the output shaft 132. To communicate.

  The composite compressor 27 is activated by the torque generated in the output shaft 132 when the energy conversion device 12 is started and after the start is completed, and the fluid compression means P1 and the refrigerant compression means P2 in the composite compressor 27 are synchronously operated. The power cycle 15 and the heat pump HP are activated in synchronization with each other. At this time, in the heat pump HP, the supercritical refrigerant (high-temperature high-pressure CO2 refrigerant) Cmp discharged from the refrigerant compression means P2 generates heat by exchanging heat with the low-temperature low-pressure CO2 working fluid in the radiator EV2, thereby generating high-pressure CO2 refrigerant. . The high-pressure CO2 refrigerant is decompressed and expanded by the first expander 40A and becomes the low-temperature low-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cme while generating the first power. This low-temperature low-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cme evaporates in the cooler 43 (heat exchanger EV1) to generate cold (for example, −10 ° C .: 3 MPa) to cool the expansion gas Eg. On the other hand, the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant Cmo discharged from the cooler 43 becomes refrigerant vapor (low-temperature and low-pressure CO2 refrigerant) Cm by heat exchange with the expansion gas Eg in the precooler EVo and circulates to the refrigerant compressor means P2 of the composite compressor 27. Then, it is compressed and supplied again to the radiator EV2 as the supercritical refrigerant Cmp. Further, the low-temperature low-pressure CO2 working fluid Wfo that has come out of the cooler 434 flows into the inlet 356A of the composite compressor 27 as the low-temperature low-pressure CO2 working fluid Wf that is received from the supercritical refrigerant Cmp by the radiator EV2 and is composed of superheated steam. After being compressed by the fluid compression means P1, the sealed power cycle 15 is repeatedly executed thereafter.

  When the controller 60 determines that the SOC value of the first power storage device 22 is equal to or less than a predetermined value based on the voltage signal Vi and current signal I1 of the power storage unit 20 during operation of the energy conversion device 12, a command is sent from the controller 60. A signal is output and the switching device 26 switches from the first power storage device 22 to the second power storage device 23, and the stored power of the second power storage device 23 is supplied to the pulse power supply 28. On the other hand, a command signal is output from the controller 60, the switching device 24 is operated, the charger 21 is connected to the first power storage device 22, and charging of the first power storage device 22 is started. Therefore, the first power storage device 22 is charged by the power for storage supplied from the concentrating solar power generation device 50. When the storage power supplied from the concentrating solar power generation device 50 falls below a predetermined value due to bad weather or night time, a command signal is output from the controller 60 and the circuit breaker 19 is activated. Then, the alternator 25 is connected to the charger 21. As a result, even if the irradiation energy of sunlight is insufficient, the power for power storage from the alternator 25 is supplied to the power storage unit 20 via the charger 21. Therefore, since the power storage unit 20 is supplied with power for storage even at night, the enthalpy amplifier can be continuously operated even in bad weather or at night, and the operation of the generator can be continued. can do.

  Although the next-generation photovoltaic power generation method and apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown in this embodiment, and various modifications can be made.

(1) Although the compressor is described as being composed of a composite compressor, the composite compressor may be composed of a working fluid compressor and a refrigerant compressor that are separated and independent from each other.
(2) Although both the compressor and the rotary fluid machine are shown as having a single-stage structure, they may have a multi-stage structure if necessary.

12 Energy conversion device; 15 Sealed power cycle; 16 Output device; 20 Power storage unit (power storage system); 21 Charger; 22, 23 First, second power storage device; 24, 26 First, second switching controller; 27 Compressor (composite rotary fluid machine); 28 Pulse power supply; 30 Buffer damper; 32 Solenoid valve; 40 Rotary fluid machine; 40A First expander (first rotary fluid machine part); 40B Second expander (second rotary fluid machine part); 42 enthalpy amplifier; 43 cooler; 60 controller; HP heat pump; EVo precooler; EV1 cooler (heat exchanger); EV2 radiator

Claims (7)

  Energy conversion having a power storage unit that stores power generated by a solar power generation device as first power storage power, and a sealed power cycle that includes a working fluid sealed at a predetermined pressure and operates with the power stored in the power storage unit Prepare a device, pressurize the working fluid with a rotary intensifier to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid, supply the stored power to a pulse power supply to generate pulse power, and heat the enthalpy amplifier with the pulse power The high-temperature high-pressure working fluid is heated to a predetermined temperature higher than that of the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid, and the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid is brought into contact with the enthalpy amplifier to generate a high enthalpy power fluid, and the movable piston is operated by the high enthalpy power fluid. To generate power, supply the power to a generator to generate electric power, and a part of the power generates the rotary Drives the divider, next-generation photovoltaic wherein the refluxing to the intensifier rotary After cooling inflation gas of the movable piston.   The next-generation photovoltaic power generation method according to claim 1, wherein power generated using the power is supplied to the power storage unit as second power storage power.   A power storage unit that stores power generated by the photovoltaic power generation device as first power storage power, a sealed power cycle that circulates a working fluid and a refrigerant that can be evaporated at a low boiling point by being sealed at a predetermined pressure, and a heat pump; The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is generated by compressing the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant by the refrigerant compressor using the heat pump, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is transmitted to the working fluid of the sealed power cycle. A low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is generated while the high-pressure refrigerant is expanded by the first expander and the first power is recovered, and the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is evaporated to generate cold heat. To compress the working fluid to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid, supply the stored power of the power storage unit to a pulse power source to generate pulse power, and The enthalpy amplifier is energized and heated by the electric power to raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature higher than the heat receiving temperature of the working fluid, and the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is brought into contact with the enthalpy amplifier to generate a high enthalpy power fluid, The high enthalpy power fluid is expanded by a second expander connected to the first expander via an output shaft to recover the second power, and the expansion gas of the second expander is cooled by the cold heat. The refrigerant and the working fluid are regenerated, the first and second powers are supplied to the generator via the output shaft to generate electric power, and the first and second powers are generated via the output shaft. A next-generation photovoltaic power generation method, wherein the refrigerant compressor and the fluid compressor are driven by a part of the method.   Energy conversion having a power storage unit that stores power generated by a solar power generation device as first power storage power, and a sealed power cycle that includes a working fluid sealed at a predetermined pressure and operates with the power stored in the power storage unit A rotary intensifier that generates a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid by pressurizing the working fluid, a pulse power source that generates pulsed power using the stored power, and heat generated by energization by the pulsed power. An enthalpy amplifier that generates a high enthalpy power fluid from the high temperature and high pressure working fluid, a movable piston that includes an output shaft that is drivingly connected to the rotary intensifier and generates power by expanding the high enthalpy power fluid; A generator driven by the power to generate electric power, and the rotary intensifier is driven by a part of the power. Next-generation solar power generation apparatus which is characterized in.   The next-generation photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 4, wherein the energy conversion device further includes a charger that supplies, to the power storage unit, power generated by using the power as second power storage power. apparatus.   The enthalpy amplifier includes a reactor casing, an enthalpy amplification chamber formed in the reactor casing, and an energization heating element housed in the enthalpy amplification chamber, and the energization heating element is energized by the pulse power and the high temperature The next-generation photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the high-enthalpy power fluid is generated from the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid by generating heat to the predetermined temperature that is several times the temperature of the high-pressure working fluid. .   A solar power generation device that generates power by sunlight, a power storage unit that charges the power as first power storage power, and a working fluid and a refrigerant that can be evaporated at a low boiling point by being sealed at a predetermined pressure, respectively. An energy conversion device having a sealed power cycle and a heat pump, wherein the heat pump compresses the refrigerant to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and heats of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant are operated in the sealed power cycle. A radiator that generates high-pressure refrigerant by transmitting to the fluid; a first expander that generates low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant while recovering first power by decompressing and expanding the high-pressure refrigerant; and evaporating the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant A heat exchanger that generates cold heat, the closed power cycle compresses the working fluid to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid, and the stored power is supplied from the power storage unit. A pulse power source that generates a pulsed power, an enthalpy amplifier that generates a high enthalpy power fluid from the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid by energizing with the pulse power and heating to a predetermined temperature, and via the first expander and the output shaft A second expander that is connected and recovers the second power by expanding the high enthalpy power fluid; and a heat exchanger that cools the expansion gas of the second expander by the refrigerant. A cooler that regenerates the working fluid and the refrigerant; and a generator that is driven by the first and second powers to generate electric power, the refrigerant compressor being a part of the first and second powers And a next-generation solar power generation device characterized by driving the fluid compressor.

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