JP5352797B1 - Next generation power supply system, next generation power supply method and next generation solar power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

A next generation power supply system, a next generation power supply method, and a solar power generation system using the same.
In response to stored power supplied from a power storage unit, pulse power of a predetermined period is supplied from a supercritical start pulse power supply and a high pressure is generated by a supercritical fluid generator in response to the pulse power. A supercritical fluid is generated from the working fluid, this supercritical fluid is explosively expanded in the engine unit 40 and converted into mechanical energy, and the generator 13 is driven by this mechanical energy to supply generated power, and a charger The next-generation power supply system, a next-generation power supply method, and a solar power generation system using the same are designed to charge a part of the generated power to the power storage unit via 21.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply system, a power supply method, and a natural energy utilization power supply system using the same, and more particularly to a next generation power supply system, a next generation power supply method, and a next generation solar power generation system.

  In recent years, as an effective solution for power shortage, power supply systems that use external power sources such as natural energy and surplus power at night to store power and supply stored power during peak power demand have attracted attention. A power supply system using pressure energy such as hydraulic pressure has been proposed. In addition, as an effective measure to prevent global warming, a solar power generation system using sunlight, which is one of natural energy, has a large capacity to supply stable power in the case of nighttime or long-term bad weather. A backup power storage device has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 1, a storage accumulator for normal pressure liquid is disposed on the ground and a high-pressure liquid accumulator is provided underground, and compressed air is supplied to the underground high-pressure liquid accumulator via the compressor, and the air in the high-pressure liquid accumulator is supplied. Compresses and moves the liquid from the underground high-pressure liquid accumulator using the pneumatic energy to the normal-pressure liquid storage accumulator on the ground. The pump and turbine are driven by the hydraulic pressure generated at this time by the motor and generator. A power supply system that generates electricity has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 2, an upper aquifer is provided in a place close to the formation, as in a pumped-storage power generation, and a lower aquifer is provided in a deep underground place. If the pump / motor is driven to pump water from the lower aquifer to the upper aquifer, and the amount of power used by the power system being monitored falls below the specified value, the lower aquifer is There has been proposed a pumped-storage power supply system that generates power by driving a turbine generator using the kinetic energy of water that is dropped into a layer.

  In Patent Document 3, the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation module is charged in a capacitor, and the compressed air obtained by driving the air compressor by directly supplying the output power from the capacitor to the electric motor is stored in the air storage tank. A solar power generation system has been proposed.

  In Patent Document 4, the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation panel is charged into a battery bank, and the compressed air is stored in the compressed air storage tank by driving the air compressor with the output power of the battery bank. A hybrid solar power generation system has been proposed in which power is generated by driving an air turbine with compressed air supplied from and stored in a secondary battery bank.

US Published Patent Application No. 2010/0270801 U.S. Pat. No. 7,952,219 US Pat. No. 6,367,259 U.S. Pat. No. 7,964,787

  By the way, in the power supply system disclosed in Patent Document 1, a large-scale high-pressure liquid accumulator has to be constructed not only on the ground but also on the ground. Was significantly higher. In addition, the air used as the working medium has a low density, and when the compressed air is taken out from the storage container, the pressure energy of the compressed air drops sharply, so that power supply that can supply stable power over a long period of time is provided. It was difficult to build a system.

  In the pumped-storage generator disclosed by patent document 2, in order to obtain desired stable electric power stably over a long period in a peak power demand time zone, in both the underground and deep underground locations near the ground An extremely large aquarium had to be constructed, which was not practical from the viewpoint of construction costs and environment.

  In the photovoltaic power generation systems disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4, when compressed air is discharged from the compressed air storage tank, the pressure of the compressed air rapidly decreases as the volume of the compressed air in the compressed air storage tank decreases. Therefore, when the pressure energy of compressed air is used, a sufficiently large machine output cannot be taken out over a long period of time via an air compressor or an air turbine. Therefore, it has been difficult to put into practical use a solar power generation system that can supply stable power over a long period of time in the case of nighttime or long-term bad weather.

  The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and is a low-cost, long-life, yet safe and reliable next-generation power supply system and next-generation power supply method, and nighttime or long-term weather. It is an object of the present invention to provide a next-generation photovoltaic power generation system that can supply stable power without using a large-capacity capacitor even when it is irregular.

According to the first invention, the next generation power supply system generates pulse power by supplying the stored power of the power storage unit to the pulse power source, and heats the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator with the pulse power, thereby starting supercriticality. A supercritical fluid is generated by bringing a supercritical fluid supplied from a high-pressure pump for use into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator, and a movable piston is operated by the supercritical fluid to generate mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is supplied to a generator to generate generated power, and a part of the generated power is charged to the power storage unit .

According to this configuration, a commercial power source or natural energy (wind, solar, etc.) stored power supplied from an external power source such as a power generation device in advance to charge power storage unit, by supplying power storage power to pulsed power supply By generating pulse power, heating the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator with the pulse power, and bringing the supercritical start high pressure working fluid supplied from the supercritical start high pressure pump into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator A supercritical fluid is generated, and mechanical energy is generated by operating a movable piston with the supercritical fluid, and the mechanical energy is supplied to a generator to generate generated power, and a part of the generated power is Charge the storage unit . During the entire expansion stroke, a supercritical fluid acts continuously on the movable piston . At this time, the net average effective pressure of the movable piston is an extremely high pressure of at least 450 kg / cm ² or more. In existing racing engine, when compared with that brake mean effective pressure that is one criterion is 13 kg / cm ² at the time of maximum output of the engine, or net mean effective pressure of the movable piston is larger with how projecting I understand. Thus by driving a generator by the large mechanical energy to generate the generated power. Therefore, it is possible to supply stable power over a long period of time without using a large capacity capacitor. This next-generation power supply system includes several Kw-several tens Kw-class household and small-scale power consumers, hundreds to thousands of megawatts of large buildings, railway facilities, municipal water supply and sewage facilities, and large-scale factories. It has a wide range of uses up to high power consumers such as. As described above, the next-generation power supply system of the present invention enables practical use of so-called zero energy buildings, zero energy houses, zero energy factories and zero energy mobile bodies (electrically propelled mobile bodies), and is a countermeasure for the global environment. To contribute.

Preferably, pulsation of the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid supplied to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator by accumulating the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid supplied from the supercritical start high-pressure pump in a banfa accumulator The supercritical start high-pressure working fluid is supplied from the buffer accumulator to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator during almost the entire expansion stroke of the movable piston by a solenoid valve, and the buffer accumulator and the instantaneous supercritical fluid are supplied. a supercritical fluid generator and said Rukoto to function as an engine starter.

According to this configuration, since the high pressure working fluid for supercritical start is accumulated in the buffer accumulator, pulsation of the high pressure working fluid for supercritical start supplied to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is suppressed, and engine rotation unevenness is prevented. Is prevented and engine performance is stabilized. In addition, since the solenoid valve supplies the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid from the buffer accumulator to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator during almost the entire expansion stroke, the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator continuously supplies the supercritical fluid. The explosive force (explosive expansion force) of the supercritical fluid continuously acts on the movable piston during the entire expansion stroke, and the net average effective pressure of the movable piston is increased to the limit. The buffer accumulator also functions as an engine starter. When the engine is started, the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is started and the supercritical start high pressure working fluid is supplied from the buffer accumulator. It becomes possible to start the engine smoothly by generating a critical fluid. Therefore, no special parts for starting the engine for measures against cold regions are required, and a highly reliable next-generation power supply system can be provided.

Preferably, a part of the generated power is charged in the power storage unit, and the power storage unit is selectively connected to the charger based on an SOC value of the power storage unit; Switch means disposed between a charger and the first and second capacitors and alternately connecting the first and second capacitors to the charger, wherein the switch means comprises the first and second capacitors. Control is performed so that the other of the first and second capacitors is charged by the charger while output power is supplied from one of the second capacitors to the supercritical start pulse power supply.

According to this configuration, a part of the generated power is charged in the power storage unit . As a result, stored power is supplied from the power storage unit to the pulse power supply over a long period of time, and pulse power is continuously supplied from the pulse power supply to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator. The power storage unit includes first and second capacitors, and charges the first and second capacitors through a charger with a part of the power generated by the generator based on the SOC values of the first and second capacitors. Therefore, the other of the first and second capacitors is charged while electric power is supplied from one of the first and second capacitors to the pulse power source. Therefore, the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator can continuously generate a supercritical fluid using this pulse power for a long period of time. Therefore, a next-generation power supply system that can supply stable power during a power peak for a long time using nighttime power or power obtained by natural energy power generation is provided.

  The instantaneous supercritical fluid generator includes a reactor casing disposed adjacent to the engine unit, a saturated steam generation zone formed in the reactor casing, a superheated steam generation zone, and a supercritical fluid generation zone. An ultra-high temperature heating chamber, a plurality of electrodes connected to the supercritical start pulse power source and disposed in the ultra-high temperature heating chamber, and energizing each other between the plurality of electrodes as the multi-heating electrode body A tungsten molded body that functions, and a wide-area arc discharge region that is formed in a gap between the tungsten molded body and generates arc discharge in a wide area in the presence of electrons emitted from the tungsten molded body.

  According to this configuration, the multi-heating electrode body includes a tungsten molded body, and a wide arc discharge region that is formed in a gap between the tungsten molded body and generates arc discharge in a wide area in the presence of emitted electrons of the spherical electrode body. In addition, high-density arc discharge occurs in a wide area of arc discharge. The supercritical start high-pressure working fluid supplied to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator contacts the tungsten molded body in the saturated steam generation zone to instantaneously become saturated steam, and superheated steam is instantaneously generated in the superheated steam generation zone. This superheated steam comes into contact with the arc discharge generated in a wide area in the supercritical fluid generation zone and instantly becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical fluid. Therefore, it is possible to provide a next-generation power supply system using a supercritical engine with a simple structure, low production cost, and high reliability.

According to the second invention, the next generation power supply method includes the steps of generating pulse power by supplying the stored power of the power storage unit to the pulse power source, and heating the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator with the pulse power; A step of generating a supercritical fluid by bringing a high-pressure working fluid for supercritical initiation supplied from a high-pressure pump for supercritical initiation into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator, and operating the movable piston by the supercritical fluid And generating mechanical energy, and generating mechanical power by supplying the mechanical energy to a generator .

According to this method , pulse power is generated by supplying the stored power of the power storage unit to the pulse power source, the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is heated by the pulse power, and the supercritical start high pressure pump supplied from the supercritical start high pressure pump is used. instantaneously generating the supercritical fluid by contacting the instant supercritical fluid generator critical start high-pressure working fluid. By this supercritical fluid to generate mechanical energy by expanding the movable piston explosively, to produce a generated power to supply the mechanical energy to the generator. Therefore, it is possible to supply stable power at a power peak for a long time without using a large-capacity capacitor.

According to the third invention, the next generation solar power generation system charges the power storage unit with the generated power generated by the solar power generation device as the stored power, and supplies the stored power of the power storage unit to the pulse power source. The supercritical fluid generator is heated by the pulse power, and the supercritical start high pressure working fluid supplied from the supercritical start high pressure pump is brought into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator. A fluid is generated, mechanical energy is generated by operating a movable piston with the supercritical fluid, and the mechanical energy is supplied to a generator to generate generated power .

According to this configuration, the electric power generated using sunlight is charged in the power storage unit , pulse power is generated by supplying the power stored in the power storage unit to the pulse power source, and instantaneous power is generated by the pulse power. A supercritical fluid generator is heated, and a supercritical fluid is generated by bringing a supercritical fluid generator supplied from a supercritical fluid pressure pump into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator. By operating the movable piston, mechanical energy is generated, and the mechanical energy is supplied to the generator to generate generated power . Therefore, it becomes possible to put to practical use a next-generation photovoltaic power generation system that can supply stable power without using a large-capacity capacitor.

It is a block diagram which shows 1st Embodiment of the next-generation power supply system for enforcing the next-generation power supply method of this invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a high-pressure pump for supercritical start of a supercritical engine in the next generation power supply system of FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the solenoid valve of the supercritical engine of FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator of the supercritical engine of FIG. The block diagram of the next-generation solar power generation system of 2nd Embodiment by this invention is shown.

  Hereinafter, a first embodiment of a next-generation power supply system for implementing a next-generation power supply method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the next-generation power supply system is described as a stationary next-generation power supply system. However, the present invention is not limited to such a stationary power storage system, and a movable power supply mounted on a moving body such as a truck. In addition to the system, the present invention is also applied to power supply for various moving bodies such as electric locomotives, ships, ocean exploration boats, and electrical propulsion of vehicles such as plug-in hybrid automobiles, aircrafts, ships and the like.

  In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a next-generation power supply system 10 includes an external power supply 11 that supplies power for storage such as a commercial power supply or a solar power generation device, and a supercritical engine that converts pressure energy into mechanical energy. 12, a generator 13 that is driven by mechanical energy of the supercritical engine 12 to supply generated power, a power storage unit 20 that stores power supplied from the external power supply 11, and power stored in the power storage unit 20. A pulse power supply 28 that supplies pulse power of a predetermined period to the supercritical engine 12, and a switching controller 19 that selectively supplies part of the power supplied from the external power supply 11 and the power generated from the generator 13 to the charger 21. With. The charger 21 includes an AC / DC power conversion unit that converts a part of the generated power into DC power and a DC power conversion unit (both not shown), and the DC power conversion unit converts the voltage of the DC power. Thus, it has a function of adjusting to a voltage suitable for charging the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 as the storage unit.

  The supercritical engine 12 includes a storage tank T that stores the working fluid Wf, a low-pressure pump PL that sucks the working fluid Wf from the storage tank T and supplies the working fluid Wf to the fluid supply line Wl, and pressurizes the working fluid Wf to be supercritical. A supercritical start high-pressure pump 27 for generating the start high-pressure working fluid HPw, and a sliding piston and spring means 30a for accumulating the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid HPw discharged from the supercritical start high-pressure pump 27 are incorporated. A buffer accumulator 30 having a pressure accumulating chamber 30b, an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 for instantaneously converting the supercritical starting high-pressure working fluid HPw supplied from the buffer accumulator 30 into a supercritical fluid, and explosively transforming the supercritical fluid And an engine unit 40 that is expanded and converted into mechanical energy. The buffer accumulator 30 accumulates the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid HPw at an ultrahigh pressure and suppresses the pulsation to a minimum. Between the supercritical start high-pressure pump 27 and the buffer accumulator 30, a check valve 29 for preventing the backflow of the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid HPw from the buffer accumulator 30 to the supercritical start high-pressure pump 27 is disposed. The

  As shown in FIG. 1, the supercritical engine 12 is further energized in response to the pulse power and a supercritical start pulse power supply 28 that is supplied with the stored power from the power storage unit 20 and supplies pulse power of a predetermined period. And a buffer accumulator 30. The instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 generates the supercritical fluid SCw instantaneously in a wide area when the temperature is raised above the critical temperature of the working fluid and contacts the high-pressure working fluid HPw for supercritical initiation. Valve 32 for injecting the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid HPw from the supercritical fluid generator 42 to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 and the supercritical fluid SCw supplied from the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 are expanded and converted into mechanical energy. And an engine unit 40 having a movable piston. The buffer accumulator 30 and the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 function as an engine starter. The engine unit 40 includes a supercritical fluid introduction inlet 40a and a discharge port 40b. The expansion fluid discharged from the discharge port 40b is condensed by the condenser 42 and collected in the storage tank T as a liquid phase working fluid, and repeatedly. Reused. The liquid phase working fluid is preferably a conductive aqueous solution adjusted to have a predetermined electric resistance by adding a small amount of lithium nitrate to pure water, deionized water or distilled water. Alternatively, a mixed fluid of water and carbon dioxide, or an inert gas such as argon, helium and xenon may be used singly or in combination.

  In FIG. 2, the supercritical start high-pressure pump 27 includes a pump body 270 supported by the casing of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42. In the pump body 270, a suction passage 272, a discharge passage 274, and a pressurizing chamber 276 are formed. A plunger 278 as a pressure member is held in the pressure chamber 276 so as to be slidable by a cam 280. The lower end of the plunger 278 is supported by a driven cover 282 that functions as a lifter. The driven cover 282 is pressed downward by a spring 284 and is a cam of a cam 280 fixed to the end of the output shaft 132 of the supercritical engine 12. Always in contact with the profile. The plunger 278 is a hermetic seal member 286 disposed at the center of the pump body 270. The hermetic seal member 286 has a plurality of V-shaped seal rings 292 and 294 between the upper seal holder 288 and the lower seal holder 290 and the upper seal holder 288 and the lower seal holder 290, which are accommodated at intervals in the vertical direction. Is retained. A seal pressing member 296 is screwed to the pump main body 270 to hold the hermetic seal member 286 in a predetermined position, thereby hermetically sealing the plunger 278 and the inside of the pressurizing chamber 276 of the pump main body 270. The suction passage 272 and the discharge passage 274 are respectively provided with a suction valve 300 and a discharge valve 302, which are pressed against the valve seat by the springs 300a and 302a and function as a check valve that restricts the flow direction of the working fluid. To do.

  Further, the pump body 270 supports the solenoid 304. The solenoid 304 includes an engaging member 306 and a spring 308. When the solenoid 304 is turned off, the engaging member 306 is biased in the direction of opening the suction valve 300 by the spring force of the spring 308. Since the urging force of the spring 308 is larger than the urging force of the spring 300a of the suction valve 300, the suction valve 300 is separated from the valve seat portion and is in the open state as shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the solenoid 304 is turned on, the engaging member 306 is retracted against the spring force of the spring 308, and the suction valve 300 is closed by the biasing force of the spring 300a.

  The pump body 270 made up of these components is collectively referred to as the supercritical start high-pressure pump 27. As the engine output shaft 132 rotates, the cam 280 rotates, and the plunger 278 in the supercritical start high-pressure pump 27 moves up and down. A lifter 282 provided at the lower end of the plunger 278 is pressed against the cam 280 by a spring 284. The plunger 278 is reciprocated by the cam 280 to change the volume in the pressurizing chamber 276. When the suction valve 300 is closed during the discharge stroke of the plunger 278, the pressure in the pressurizing chamber 276 increases, whereby the discharge valve 302 is automatically opened, and the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid HPw is shown in FIG. To the buffer accumulator 30 shown in FIG. The valve position of the suction valve 300 is determined by the pressure in the pressurizing chamber 276 and the operation of the solenoid 304.

  When the solenoid 304 is turned on, an electromagnetic force greater than the urging force of the spring 308 is generated in the solenoid 304, and the engaging member 306 is pulled toward the solenoid 304 side. For this reason, the engaging member 306 is separated from the suction valve 300, and the suction valve 300 closes the valve seat portion by the pressing force of the spring 300a.

  Therefore, during the discharge stroke, the suction valve 300 is closed, and the working fluid corresponding to the volume reduction of the pressurizing chamber 276 pushes the discharge valve 302 and is pumped to the buffer accumulator 30.

  On the other hand, when the solenoid 304 is turned OFF, the engaging member 306 is pressed against the suction valve 300 by the biasing force of the spring 308 to open the suction valve 300. Therefore, even during the discharge stroke, the pressure in the pressurizing chamber 276 is kept at a low pressure that is substantially equivalent to that of the fluid supply line Wl. Therefore, the discharge valve 302 cannot be opened, and the volume of the pressurizing chamber 276 is reduced. The working fluid passes through the suction valve 300 and is returned to the fluid supply line Wl side.

If the solenoid 304 is turned on during the discharge stroke, the supercritical high-pressure working fluid HPw is pumped to the buffer accumulator 30 from this time. In addition, once the pressure feeding starts, the pressure in the pressurizing chamber 276 increases, so that even if the solenoid 304 is turned off after that, the suction valve 300 maintains the closed state and synchronizes with the start of the water absorption stroke. Automatic valve opening. Therefore, the discharge amount can be adjusted by the ON timing of the solenoid 304. The supercritical start high-pressure pump 27 is driven by the output shaft 132 of the supercritical engine 12 and pumps the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid HPw to the buffer accumulator 30 at a pressure of 500 to 2000 kg / cm ² .

  In FIG. 3, the electromagnetic valve 32 includes a valve main body 320, and an annular member 322 made of a stainless tube or the like extending above the valve main body 320 is fixedly supported. A core 324 is supported on the upper portion of the annular member 322, and a solenoid 326 is disposed on the outer periphery of the annular member 322. A valve chamber 327 is formed in the valve body 320. The valve chamber 327 includes an inlet 328 communicating with the buffer accumulator 30, an outlet 330 communicating with the suction port of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42, and the inlet 328 and the outlet 330. There are first and second valve seats 332 and 334 formed between them. A valve body 336 is brought into contact with the first and second valve seats 332 and 334 by a coil spring 338 so that the valve body 336 is held in the valve closing position. The valve body 336 includes a first seat portion 336a that abuts the first valve seat 332, a second seat portion 336b that abuts the second valve seat 334, and a cone at an intermediate portion between the first and second valve seats 332 and 334. And a third sheet portion 336c in close contact with the wall portion. An opening 336d is formed at the center of the third sheet portion 336c. A plunger 340 is slidably accommodated in the annular member 322, and a valve body 336 is fixed to the lower end portion thereof by adhesion or welding means, and a communication hole 340a is formed in the axial direction of the plunger 340. Yes.

  In FIG. 3, when the solenoid 326 is in a non-energized state, the plunger 340 is biased to the valve closing position by the coil spring 340. As a result, the valve body 336 comes into contact with the first and second valve seats 332 and 334 and the electromagnetic valve 32 is held in the closed position. At this time, the flow of the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid is blocked. On the other hand, when the solenoid 326 is energized, the plunger 340 is attracted upward against the spring force of the coil spring 340, and the valve body 336 is separated from the first and second valve seats 332 and 334, and the electromagnetic valve 32 is held in the valve open position. At this time, the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid of the buffer accumulator 30 flows from the inlet 328 and enters the valve chamber 327, and then is injected from the outlet 330 to the suction port of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 includes a cylindrical reactor casing 1100 supported with respect to the engine unit 40. The cylindrical reactor casing 1100 is formed on the inner side of the cylindrical reactor casing 1100 and the insulating heat resistant layer 1116 such as ceramic formed on the radially outer side of the central inner peripheral portion 1114 of the casing 1100, and on the inner side of the insulating heat resistant layer 1116. In addition, an ultra-high temperature heating chamber 1118 having a saturated steam generation zone Z1, a superheated steam generation zone Z2, and a supercritical fluid generation zone zone Z3 is formed. A central inner peripheral portion 1114 of the cylindrical reactor casing 1100 includes an inner peripheral wall portion 1114 having a diameter for accommodating the output shaft of the rotary fluid machine 40.

  The suction port 1102 of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 extends to the radial wall 1120 and is fitted with the outlet 330 of the electromagnetic valve 32. The radial wall 1120 has a plurality of openings 1122 extending in the circumferential direction. Have A pair of electrodes 1124 and 1126 are arranged at corner portions 1118a and 1118b of the ultra-high temperature heating chamber 1118, respectively. The pair of electrodes 1124 and 1126 are connected to the pulse power supply 28. A temperature sensor S2 is attached to the casing 1100, and a temperature signal T is supplied to the controller 60 (see FIG. 1) and used for controlling the pulse width of the pulse power.

  The ultra-high temperature heating chamber 1118 is filled with a tungsten molded body 1134 that is interposed between the pair of tungsten electrodes 1124 and 1126 and functions as a multi-heating electrode body, and generates heat when energized. These tungsten molded bodies 1134 are made of balls containing tungsten or a tungsten alloy. Since electrons are emitted from these surfaces when the tungsten molded body 1134 is energized, the gap between the tungsten molded bodies 1134 functions as a wide-area arc discharge region 1136. At this time, in response to the pulse power, the tungsten molded body 1134 performs high-density arc discharge in the presence of emitted electrons in a wide area of the saturated steam generation zone Z1, the superheated steam generation zone Z2, and the supercritical fluid generation zone Z3. It is generated and becomes a high temperature state of 2000 to 3000 ° C. In the saturated steam generation zone Z1, the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid comes into contact with the ultra-high temperature tungsten molded body 1134 and simultaneously becomes saturated steam. In the superheated steam generation zone Z2, the saturated steam is exposed to high-temperature tungsten molded body 1134 and arc discharge generated in a wide area, and instantaneously becomes superheated steam. As super-high temperature heating chamber 1118 flows downstream, superheated steam is further heated to high temperature and pressure under the influence of arc discharge to generate supercritical fluid in supercritical fluid generation zone Z3. When a tungsten ball is used as the tungsten molded body 1134, arc discharge is likely to occur in the spherical portions of the tungsten ball 1134 that are adjacent to each other and face each other, and is most frequently generated when the tungsten ball 1134 has a diameter of about 5 mm to 30 mm. To do. Arc discharge occurs more frequently when the voltage of a pulse current that periodically generates a pulse voltage changes periodically between a high level and a low level. Stainless steel balls can also be used as the tungsten molded body 1134. At this time, the temperature range in which the stainless balls generate heat when energized is set to a temperature range below the melting point of stainless steel, for example, 800 to 1350 ° C., and the pulse voltage and pulse current of the pulse power are set so that arc discharge does not occur. May be determined. A demister portion 1106 is disposed adjacent to the ultra-high temperature heating chamber 1118, and the demister portion 1106 is filled with a demister 1110 formed from a heat-resistant metal wire or the like. When the electromagnetic opening / closing valve 56 is opened at a predetermined cycle, the supercritical fluid SCw that has passed through the demister 1110 is filtered by the filter 1142 and then supplied from the outlet 1140 to the inlet of the engine unit 40.

  In this embodiment, the engine unit 40 is preferably a rotary fluid machine disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5103570 (title of the invention: rotary fluid machine) according to the invention of the same inventor and a patent of the same inventor. Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-195513 (title of invention: rotary fluid machine) may be used. This rotary fluid machine does not include complicated ring parts such as planetary gears and connecting rods for gear switching without gears and valves, and it has a simple structure with a very small number of parts and a pair of rotary pistons can be started smoothly with a perfect circle. It is advantageous in that it rotates.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the generator 13 is drivingly connected to the output shaft 132 of the supercritical engine 12 via the clutch CL to generate electric power, and the generated power is a load (not shown) such as electrical equipment via the power line PL. To supply. A power storage unit 20 is connected to the power line PL via a switching controller 19 and a charger 21 configured by a relay or the like. For example, nighttime power is supplied to the charger 21 from the external power supply 11 via the switch SW. At this time, the switch SW is closed, and the nighttime power is supplied to the discharge unit 20 via the charger 21 via the switching controller 19. The power storage unit 20 includes first and second capacitors 22 and 23 that are selectively connected to the charger 21, and first switch means 24 that alternately connects the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 to the charger 21. And a second switch means 26 for alternately connecting the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 to the pulse power supply 28. The first and second capacitors 22, 23 are each provided with a voltage sensor and a current sensor (both not shown) for detecting voltage and current. The voltage detection value V1 and current detection value I1 of these voltage sensors and current sensors are output to the controller 60, and the respective remaining storage capacities (SOC values: State of charge) of the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 are calculated. It is used for outputting command signals of the first and second switching controllers 24 and 26 based on the respective SOC values. As the switch SW, a known large-capacity electromagnetic switch is used, and after the generator 13 is started, the switch is automatically opened by a command signal from the controller 60 and the electrical power supply between the commercial power supply 11 and the charging device 21 is performed. The connection may be blocked.

  The controller 60 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes predetermined arithmetic processing, a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores a predetermined control program, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) that temporarily stores data. For example, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory) is used.

  The first and second capacitors 22 and 23 are preferably a commercially available rapid charge / discharge type storage battery (Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd .: trade name “Ultra Battery”), a large-capacity electric double layer capacitor that can be used for pulse charge / discharge cycle applications. A supercapacitor (made by Tokin) or an ultracapacitor module (made by USA "Maxwell Technologies") is used. Other storage batteries include sodium ion batteries, lithium ion batteries, Ni-MH batteries (nickel-hydrogen batteries), and combinations of these batteries and large-capacity electric double layer capacitors. An ultracapacitor (not shown) may be connected between the output lines of the first capacitor 22. Output power is alternately supplied from the first capacitor 22 and the second capacitor 23 to the pulse power supply 28.

  The pulse power supply 28 supplies pulse power having a predetermined cycle (for example, 50 to 2000 hertz) from the power supplied from the quick charge / discharge capacitors 22 and 23. In the pulse power, the pulse voltage is set between 20 and 120 volts, and the circuit is designed so that the pulse current composed of the peak current and the base current flows to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42. The pulse current has a peak current of 50 to 500 amperes that flows during the peak current conduction period, and a base current that has a current value approximately one tenth of the peak current and flows during the off peak current conduction period. The instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 is provided with a multi-heating electrode body 1134 made of a tungsten compact or the like, and is energized in response to pulse power so that the working fluid has a critical temperature of 374 ° C. or higher, for example, 800 When the temperature is raised to ˜1300 ° C. and contacted with the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid, a supercritical fluid is instantly generated in a wide area. The pulse power source 28 may be either a DC pulse power source or an AC pulse power source as long as it generates a pulse current composed of a peak current and a base current. As the direct current pulse power supply, for example, a circuit configuration used in a power supply apparatus for pulse arc welding as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2587343 may be adopted.

In FIG. 1, the pressure signal from the pressure sensor S1 of the buffer accumulator, the temperature signal from the temperature sensor S2 (see FIG. 4) of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42, and the rotational speed sensor S3 of the output shaft 132 of the supercritical engine 12 are shown. Is transmitted to the controller 60. The input device 62 inputs a calendar signal and a parameter setting signal such as temperature and pressure to the controller 60 as a reference signal. The voltage signal V1 and current signal I1 of each of the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 are transmitted to the controller 60, and the controller 60 stores the charges of the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 in response to these input signals. The state (State of Charge) is determined and one of the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 is connected to the pulse power supply 28 via the second switch means 26 and the first and second via the first switch means 24. The other of the capacitors 22 and 23 is charged by the charger 21. Further, the controller 60 controls the solenoid 304 of the high-pressure pump 27 and the solenoid 326 of the solenoid valve 32 in response to input signals from the sensors S1 to S3. At this time, the controller 60 controls the electromagnetic valve 32 to be in the open state while the expansion stroke is continued in the engine unit 40. Therefore, a high pressure supercritical fluid having a pressure of 450 bar or more continuously acts on the movable piston 200 of the engine unit 40 during the entire expansion stroke, and the net average effective pressure is 14 Kg / cm ^{2 of the} conventional race engine. To 30 times or more. The controller 60 further outputs a control signal Cc for engaging / disengaging the clutch CL.

  Next, the next-generation power supply method according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the next generation power supply system 10 of FIG. 1, the external power supply 11 is a commercial AC power, and the next generation power supply system 10 functions as a nighttime power storage system. In the nighttime power storage mode, when the switch SW is closed in response to a command signal from the controller 60, the nighttime power, that is, the power in the off-peak time zone is stepped down to a predetermined voltage by the transformer TR, and the switching control is performed. The battery 19 is connected to the power storage unit 20.

<Power storage mode>
In the power storage mode, AC power from the external power supply 11 is stepped down to a predetermined voltage by the transformer TR and supplied to the power storage unit 20 via the switching controller 19. The AC voltage is converted into DC power by the AC / DC power converter (not shown) in the charger 21, and then the DC power converter (not shown) adjusts the DC voltage to a charging condition suitable for the power storage unit 20. . At this time, the first switch means 24 operates in response to a command signal from the controller 60 and connects the charger 21 to the first capacitor 22 to charge nighttime power. The voltage detection signal V1 and the current detection signal I1 are output from the first capacitor 22 to the controller 60, and the controller 60 measures the SOC value of the first capacitor 22 by calculation based on these detection signals. When the controller 60 determines that the SOC value of the first battery 22 is fully charged, the first switch means 24 is switched, and the battery charger 21 is connected to the second battery 23 so that the nighttime power is Charged. When the controller 60 determines that the SOC value of the second capacitor 22 is fully charged based on the voltage detection signal V1 and the current detection signal I1 from the second capacitor 23, the controller 60 includes an electromagnetic switch. The switch SW is opened. In this power storage mode, the pulse power supply 28 is turned off by the controller 60.

<Starting supercritical engine in power supply mode>
In the power supply mode, that is, at the time of peak power demand, the second switch means 26 is activated by the command signal from the controller 60 and the first battery 22 is connected to the pulse power source 28. Next, the pulse power supply 28 is turned on by a command signal (not shown) from the controller 60. At this time, the pulse power supply 28 generates periodic pulse power based on the output power from the first battery 22 and supplies it to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42. In the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42, the tungsten compact 1134 (see FIG. 4) is energized in response to the periodic pulse power, and the temperature is raised to an operating temperature range equal to or higher than the supercritical temperature. This operating temperature range can be freely determined by controlling the duty and cycle of the pulse voltage of the pulse power in accordance with the supercritical temperature of the working fluid used. When the controller 60 determines that the supercritical temperature has been reached in response to the temperature signal T2 from the temperature sensor S2 of the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42, a command signal is output from the controller 60 and the solenoid valve 32 is turned on. Energize. At this time, the plunger 340 operates in the valve opening direction against the spring pressure of the spring 338, the valve body 336 is separated from the first and second valve seats 332, 334, and the inlet 328 and the outlet 33 are communicated with each other. (See FIG. 3). Therefore, the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid HPw of the buffer accumulator 30 is supplied to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42. In the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42, when the supercritical start high-pressure working fluid HPw comes into contact with the tungsten molded body 1134 that is in an extremely high temperature state (see FIG. 4), it instantaneously becomes saturated steam, and the saturated steam is sequentially downstream. As it flows to the side, it comes into contact with the downstream high-temperature spherical electrode body and becomes superheated steam. The superheated steam is further heated by the arc discharge generated in the discharge region 1136 to generate a supercritical fluid. The supercritical fluid flows into the engine unit 40 from the supercritical fluid inlet 124, explosively expands, and is converted into mechanical energy by the movable piston 200. As described above, the buffer accumulator 30 and the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator 42 function as an engine starter, start the engine unit 40 and convert it into mechanical energy, and generate torque on the output shaft 132. When the start of the supercritical engine 12 is completed, the supercritical start high pressure pump 27 driven by the output shaft 132 pressurizes the working fluid supplied from the low pressure pump P, and the supercritical start high pressure working fluid HPw is buffered. Pump to 30. In response to a command signal from the controller 60, the solenoid valve 32 is periodically turned on / off, and the supercritical fluid generator 42 is intermittently supplied with a high-pressure working fluid for starting supercritical fluid. Occur. Since the supercritical fluid of 450 bar or more is continuously supplied to the engine unit 40 during almost the entire expansion stroke of the engine unit 40, the net effective average pressure of the engine unit 40 is maintained at a very high value as described above. , Large output can be obtained. The expansion fluid discharged from the discharge port 40b is condensed by the condenser 42, collected in the storage tank T as a liquid phase working fluid, and reused repeatedly.

<Generator operation in power supply mode>
When the start of the supercritical engine 12 is completed, the clutch CL is engaged in response to the command signal Cc from the controller 60, and the generator 13 is driven. The power generated by the generator 13 is supplied to various electric loads via the power line PL.

<Switching operation of charge power and power supply in power supply mode>
When a predetermined time has elapsed after the start of operation of the generator 13, based on the voltage detection signal V <b> 1 and the current detection signal I <b> 1 output from the first capacitor 22 to the controller 60, the controller 60 controls the first capacitor 22. When it is determined that the SOC value is equal to or less than the predetermined value, the second switch means 26 is switched in response to a command signal from the controller 60, and the second battery 23 is connected to the pulse power supply 28. At this time, the first switch means 24 is switched in response to the command signal from the controller 60, and the first battery 22 is connected to the charger 21. Next, in response to a command signal from the controller 60, the switching controller 19 is switched to connect the charger 21 to the power line PL, and a part of the power generated by the generator 13 is stored in the power storage unit via the charger 21. It is supplied to 20 first capacitors 22 and charged. Next, when the controller 60 determines that the SOC value of the second battery 22 has become equal to or less than a predetermined value, the second switch means 26 is switched to connect the first battery 22 to the pulse power supply 28. On the other hand, the second battery 23 is connected to the charger 21, and a part of the power generated by the generator 13 is charged via the charger 21. As described above, the first and second capacitors 22 and 23 charge part of the generated power via the charger 21. Therefore, since the supercritical engine 12 is operated over a long period to drive the generator 13, stable power can be supplied at the time of power peak.

  FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a next-generation photovoltaic power generation system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The next-generation photovoltaic power generation system 10A employs a photovoltaic power generation device 110 as an external power supply 11 with respect to the next-generation power supply system 10 shown in FIG. 1, and replaces the switch SW of the first embodiment in FIG. The difference is that an inverter device 112 that converts the DC power of the photovoltaic power generator 110 into AC power is employed. Therefore, hereinafter, the same or similar constituent members will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and description will be made focusing on this difference.

  In FIG. 5, capacitors C <b> 1 and C <b> 2 are connected in series between the solar power generation device 110 and the input terminal of the inverter device 112. The inverter device 112 converts the DC power of the photovoltaic power generator 110 into AC power. A voltage sensor and a current sensor are connected to the output side of the inverter device 112. The voltage detection signal V2 and the current detection signal I2 of these sensors are transmitted to the controller 60, and whether the output power of the inverter device 112 is a predetermined value or less. It is determined whether or not. When it is determined that the output power of the inverter device 112 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the switching controller 19 is operated to the first switching position by a command signal from the controller 60 and the inverter device 112 is connected to the charger 21 to store power. The unit 20 is charged with power. On the other hand, when the controller 60 determines that the output power of the inverter device 112 is equal to or less than a predetermined value as a result of the decrease in the output power of the solar power generation device 110 due to the use of rainy weather or irregular weather, The command signal is switched, the switching controller 19 is operated to the second switching position, and the inverter device 112 is shut off. At this time, the charger 21 is connected to the power line PL of the generator 13 via the switching controller 19, and a part of the generated power is charged in the power storage unit 2. As described above, when the output power of the inverter device 112 becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined value, the power storage unit 20 is charged with a part of the generated power generated by the generator 13. For this reason, the solar power generation system 10A supplies stable power over a long period of time even when the solar power generation capability becomes insufficient due to environmental conditions such as cloudy weather, or nighttime or long-term bad weather. Is possible. Since other operations are the same as those of the next-generation power supply system 10 of the first embodiment, detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As mentioned above, although each embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the structure shown by these embodiment, A various change is possible. Although the engine portion has been described as having a movable piston, any of a rotary fluid machine and a reciprocating engine can be applied as the engine portion. When adopting a reciprocating engine, a cam is provided on the crankshaft of the reciprocating engine and a high-pressure pump for supercritical start is connected to the cam, while an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is connected to the cylinder head of the reciprocating engine. The supercritical fluid may be deformed so as to be injected into the cylinder and act on the movable piston. Although the high pressure pump is shown as a single plunger type, a so-called radial plunger type high pressure pump in which a double plunger or two or more plungers are arranged in the radial direction may be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Next generation power supply system; 10A Next generation photovoltaic power generation system; 11 External power supply; 12 Supercritical engine; 13 Generator; 19 Switching controller; 20 Storage unit; 21 Charger; 24, 26 First and second switch means; 27 Supercritical high-pressure pump; 28 Pulse power supply; 30 Buffer accumulator; 40 Engine part; 42 Instantaneous supercritical fluid generator; 60 Controller; 62 Input device; 110 Solar light Power generator

Claims (6)

Supercritical start high-pressure fluid supplied from a supercritical start high-pressure pump that generates pulse power by supplying the power stored in the power storage unit to the pulse power supply, heats the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator with the pulse power Is brought into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator, a supercritical fluid is generated, mechanical energy is generated by operating a movable piston with the supercritical fluid, and the mechanical energy is supplied to a generator to generate electric power. Next-generation power supply system and generating a. It said suppressing pulsation of the supercritical initiating high-pressure working fluid supplied to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator by accumulating the supercritical start for a high-pressure working fluid supplied to the buffer accumulator from the supercritical start high-pressure pump, A high pressure working fluid for supercritical start is supplied from the buffer accumulator to the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator during almost the entire expansion stroke of the movable piston by a solenoid valve, and the buffer accumulator and the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator are supplied. Next-generation power supply system of claim 1, wherein Rukoto to function the door as an engine starter. Charging a part of the generated power to the power storage unit,
The power storage unit is
First and second capacitors selectively connected to the charger based on the SOC value of the power storage unit based on the SOC value of the power storage unit;
Switch means disposed between the charger and the first and second capacitors and alternately connecting the first and second capacitors to the charger;
The switch means controls so that the other of the first and second capacitors is charged by the charger while the stored power is supplied from one of the first and second capacitors to the pulse power source. The next-generation power supply system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that   The instantaneous supercritical fluid generator includes a reactor casing disposed adjacent to the engine unit, a saturated steam generation zone formed in the reactor casing, a superheated steam generation zone, and a supercritical fluid generation zone. An ultra-high temperature heating chamber, a plurality of electrodes connected to the pulse power source and disposed in the ultra-high temperature heating chamber, and a tungsten molding that functions as the multi-heating electrode body by energizing each other between the plurality of electrodes And a wide arc discharge region that is formed in a gap between the tungsten molded body and generates arc discharge in a wide area in the presence of electrons emitted from the tungsten molded body. The next-generation power supply system according to any one of 3 above. A step of generating pulse power by supplying the stored power of the power storage unit to the pulse power source, a step of heating the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator by the pulse power, and a supercritical start supplied from a high pressure pump for supercritical start Generating a supercritical fluid by bringing a high-pressure working fluid for use into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator; generating mechanical energy by operating a movable piston with the supercritical fluid; and A next-generation power supply method, characterized by generating generated power by supplying to a generator . Electric power generated by the solar power generator is charged to the power storage unit as power for storage, and pulse power is generated by supplying the power stored in the power storage unit to a pulse power source. The instantaneous supercritical fluid generator is generated by the pulse power. The supercritical fluid is generated by bringing the supercritical fluid into contact with the instantaneous supercritical fluid generator, and the movable piston is operated by the supercritical fluid. A next-generation photovoltaic power generation system that generates mechanical energy by generating the generated energy and supplies the mechanical energy to a generator to generate generated power.

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