JP5440966B1 - Building with net zero energy support system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a net (net) zero method of annual primary energy consumption consumed in a building.
A structure 10 having an electrical installation 10E and an energy conversion device 12 for supplying electric power to the electrical installation, and a sealed power cycle 15 and a heat pump HP in which the energy conversion apparatuses are thermally coupled to each other are provided. In the heat pump, cold heat is generated from the refrigerant, and in the sealed power cycle, the low-temperature low-pressure working fluid Wf is compressed by the fluid compressor 27 to generate the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid Wfp, and electric power gas is generated by the pulse power of the power storage unit 20 The heater 42 is heated to a predetermined temperature, and the high temperature and high pressure working fluid is brought into contact with the electric power gas generator to generate high temperature and high pressure power gas, and the movable piston 200 is operated by the high temperature and high pressure power gas to generate mechanical energy. Then, mechanical energy is supplied to the generator 16 to generate generated power.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a zero energy building and a building energy management method, and more particularly to a net zero energy building and a building net zero energy management method.

  In recent years, as a measure against global warming, renewable energy is utilized for annual primary energy consumption (primary energy consumption related to heating / cooling equipment, ventilation equipment, hot water supply equipment, lighting, gas, etc.) As a result, research and development to reduce net primary energy consumption to the net has become active.

  In Patent Document 1, an air passage and a heat storage plenum are provided in a lower area of a living space of a building, and the heat energy in the air is recovered by circulating the air in the living space to the heat storage plenum, and the outside air is stored in the heat storage plenum. A net zero energy system that warms the outside air through contact has been proposed.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a net zero system that generates electricity by driving an organic Rankine cycle engine by heating a low boiling point phase change material using a solar heat collector placed on the roof of a building, thereby reducing the external energy supply to zero. An energy building system has been proposed.

  Patent Document 3 proposes an earth / solar / zero-energy house in which energy costs are reduced by adjusting the room temperature of the house by utilizing solar heat and underground heat.

US Published Patent Application No. 2010/0105310 US Published Patent Publication No. 2011/0253126 Japanese Published Patent Publication No. 2012-172966

  By the way, in the net zero energy system using the renewable energy disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3, when solar radiation such as rainy weather or cloudy weather is insufficient or at night, solar heat energy is effectively utilized to build a house The annual primary energy consumption of the building could not be reduced to zero.

The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and is provided with a net zero energy support system that can make the net primary energy consumption consumed in a building zero net. The purpose is to provide goods.

According to 1st invention described in Claim 1, the building provided with the net zero energy assistance system is a net zero provided with the structure which has an electric equipment, and the energy converter which supplies electric power to this electric equipment. A building having an energy support system, comprising: a sealed power cycle in which energy conversion devices are thermally coupled to each other; and a heat pump, wherein the heat pump generates refrigerant vapor from the refrigerant by heat exchange with a low heat source , and The refrigerant vapor is compressed to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and the heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is transmitted to the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid of the hermetic power cycle to generate the low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant. It is generated, to generate a high-temperature high-pressure working fluid to said low-temperature low-pressure working fluid in the closed power cycle is compressed by a fluid compressor, the stored power of the power storage unit Pulse power is generated by supplying the pulse power to the electric power gas generator, the electric power gas generator is heated to a predetermined temperature by the pulse power, and the high temperature high pressure working fluid is brought into contact with the electric power gas generator. Generating a power gas, operating a movable piston with the high-temperature high-pressure power gas to generate mechanical energy, supplying the mechanical energy to a generator to generate generated power, and supplying the electric equipment to the generator ; A part of the generated electric power generated in step 1 is charged to the power storage unit as power for storage, the heat pump is driven by a part of the mechanical energy, and the expansion gas of the movable piston is cooled by the cold heat. .

  According to the invention described in claim 2, in addition to the structure described in claim 1, preferably, the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is temporarily accumulated by a buffer accumulator, and the electric power gas generator is provided. The supply timing of the supplied high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is controlled by a control valve, and the buffer accumulator and the control valve function as a starter for the movable piston.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, in addition to the structure described in claim 1 or 2, the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid is temporarily accumulated by the buffer accumulator and supplied to the electric power gas generator. The supply timing of the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is controlled by a control valve, and the buffer accumulator and the control valve function as a starter for the movable piston.

  In the present invention, in a net zero energy building including a structure having an electrical facility and an energy conversion device that supplies power to the electrical facility, a sealed power cycle and a heat pump in which the energy conversion devices are thermally coupled to each other. And heat is generated from the refrigerant in the heat pump. Heat of the refrigerant is transmitted to the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid of the sealed power cycle, and the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid is compressed by a fluid compressor in the sealed power cycle to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid. Pulse electric power is generated by supplying the electric power stored in the electric storage unit to the pulse power source, and the electric power gas generator is heated to a predetermined temperature by the pulse electric power. On the other hand, a high-temperature high-pressure power gas is generated by bringing a high-temperature high-pressure working fluid generated by a fluid compressor into contact with the electric power gas generator. The movable piston is operated by the high-temperature high-pressure power gas to generate mechanical energy, the mechanical energy is supplied to a generator to generate generated power, and a part of the generated power generated by the generator is used as power for storage. The power storage unit is charged. For this reason, since the power storage unit is charged with the first power for storage, the power storage power is always supplied from the power storage unit to the pulse power source, and the electric power gas generator is constantly heated to a predetermined temperature by the pulse power source. The Therefore, high temperature and high pressure power gas is continuously supplied from the electric power gas generator to the movable piston to generate mechanical energy. For this reason, the annual primary energy consumption of houses and buildings can be reduced to the net (net) without being affected by major power outages derived from lightning or earthquakes and planned power outages by electric power companies.

  Further, since a part of the power generated by the generator is charged in the power storage unit, a small capacity power storage unit can be used. Furthermore, since the high pressure working fluid is temporarily accumulated with a buffer accumulator and taken out at the optimal supply timing by the control valve, the pulsation of the high pressure working fluid is suppressed, the rotation unevenness of the movable piston is prevented, and the rotation unevenness of the generator is reduced. By reducing it, the output voltage of the generator can be further stabilized and the quality of the generated power can be improved. In addition, since the buffer accumulator and the control valve function as a starter for the movable piston, a simple and highly reliable start is possible.

1 shows a block diagram of a building with a net zero energy support system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Sectional drawing of the composite compressor in the energy converter employ | adopted as the building provided with the net zero energy assistance system of FIG. 1 is shown. Sectional drawing of the electric power gas generator in the energy converter shown in FIG. 1 is shown.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a building provided with a net zero energy support system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a building provided with a net zero energy support system (hereinafter abbreviated as a net zero energy building) is shown as being applied to an office building, but the present invention is limited to this application example. General housing, collective housing, hotels, hospitals, medical welfare facilities, restaurants, schools, department stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, commercial buildings, public facilities, sports facilities, leisure lands, railway facilities, port facilities, various plant facilities, etc. You may apply to buildings, or buildings, such as a factory, a water purification plant, and a sewage treatment plant.

  In FIG. 1, a net zero energy building 10 includes a structure 10S, and on-site electrical equipment 10E that consumes primary energy related to heating / cooling equipment, ventilation equipment, hot water supply equipment, lighting, and the like disposed in the structure 10S; And a power supply system 10A that supplies power to the on-site electrical facility 10E. The power supply system 10 </ b> A includes an energy conversion device 12, and the energy conversion device 12 draws heat from a sealed power cycle 15 and a low heat source Ar including exhaust air such as air and buildings and transfers heat to the sealed power cycle 15. And a heat pump HP having an evaporator (heat exchanger) EVo. As will be described later, the energy conversion device 12 generates mechanical energy using the heat of the low heat source Ar transferred from the heat pump HP, and supplies the mechanical energy to the generator 16 via the output shaft 132 to generate power. Electric power is generated and supplied to the on-site electrical equipment 10E of the net zero energy building 10.

  The hermetic power cycle 15 includes a fluid compressor (composite compressor) 27 that compresses the low-temperature and low-pressure working fluid Wf that has absorbed heat from the refrigerant of the heat pump HP and generates a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid, and the high-temperature discharged from the fluid compressor 27. A buffer accumulator 30 having a pressure accumulating chamber 30b incorporating a sliding piston and spring means 30a for temporarily accumulating the high-pressure working fluid Wfp via a check valve 29, and a high-temperature high-pressure operation supplied from an outlet 30c of the buffer accumulator 30 A control valve 32 comprising an electromagnetic valve for controlling the supply timing (circulation period) of the fluid Wfp, and electric power that heats the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid Wfp supplied from the buffer accumulator 30 and instantly generates the high-temperature and high-pressure power gas SCf. The gas generator 42 and the high-temperature and high-pressure power gas are explosively expanded in the working chamber 116. A rotary fluid machine 40 that includes a movable piston (rotary piston main body) 200 that converts the energy into mechanical energy, extracts the mechanical energy via the output shaft 132, and transmits a part of the mechanical energy to the fluid compressor 27, and a heat pump. And a cooler 43 that cools the expansion gas of the rotary fluid machine 40 by the cold generated by using the heat of the low heat source Ar pumped by HP.

  In the present embodiment, the working fluid of the sealed power cycle 15 and the refrigerant of the heat pump HP are not limited to the present invention, but are safe substances existing in nature and can be obtained at a very low cost. Therefore, carbon dioxide (hereinafter abbreviated as CO2), which is a natural refrigerant having an ozone depletion coefficient of zero and a global warming coefficient of 1, is used. For convenience of explanation, the working fluid of the sealed power cycle 15 is referred to as a CO2 working fluid, and the refrigerant of the heat pump HP is referred to as a CO2 refrigerant.

  The spring means 30a of the buffer accumulator 30 is selected so that the CO2 working fluid in the pressure accumulating chamber 30b is maintained within a first predetermined pressure, for example, a pressure range of 20 to 60 MPa. Therefore, in the sealed power cycle 15, the pressure in the first pressure path between the check valve 29 and the control valve 32 is set to 20 to 60 MPa, and the outlet 126 of the rotary fluid machine 40 and the inlet 356b of the compressor 27 are The closed power cycle 15 is filled with the CO2 working fluid so that the second pressure path between is set to a second predetermined pressure, for example, a predetermined value between 3 and 6 MPa. When the second predetermined pressure is set to 3 MPa using the CO2 working fluid, the liquefied CO2 evaporates at −6 ° C., and when the second predetermined pressure is set to 6 MPa, the liquefied CO2 is about 22.8 ° C. Evaporate. Therefore, the second predetermined pressure can be freely selected in these pressure ranges.

  In the heat pump HP, the CO2 refrigerant in the low-pressure side path is filled to a predetermined value between 3 and 6 MPa. The purpose is that when the compressor 27 compresses the CO2 working fluid and the CO2 refrigerant, the CO2 working fluid and the CO2 refrigerant are easily compressed under supercritical conditions, and the power required to drive the compressor 27 is greatly reduced. Because it does. Thus, the second predetermined pressure is set to a pressure at which the expansion gas of the movable piston is easily liquefied by the cold heat of the heat pump HP. During the operation of the hermetic power cycle 15, the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is accumulated in the accumulator 30 b against the spring means 30 a of the buffer accumulator 30.

The control valve 32 is described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-270756 (Japanese Patent No. 5272278 ) “Supercritical Engine, Supercritical Engine Driven Power Generation Device and Next-Generation Mobile Body Having the Same ” by the same inventor as the present inventor. Detailed description is omitted because it has the same structure as the above.

  The heat pump HP is arranged to be thermally coupled to the sealed power cycle 15. The heat pump HP is incorporated in (built in) the evaporator EVo that evaporates the refrigerant by causing the liquefied refrigerant generated by evaporation in the heat exchanger EV2 (cooler 43) to absorb heat from the low heat source Ar, and the fluid compressor 27. And refrigerant compression means P2 (see FIG. 2) that functions as a refrigerant compressor that compresses the low-temperature and low-pressure vapor Cmv to a pressure above the supercritical point to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant Cmp composed of a supercritical fluid; The heat of Cmp is dissipated to the low-temperature and low-pressure CO2 working fluid Wfo, and the first heat exchanger EV1 functions as a radiator that generates the low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant Cmo. An expander 47 that generates refrigerant (−10 ° C .; 3 MPa) CMc and a low-temperature and low-pressure liquefied refrigerant are generated while cooling the expansion gas of the rotary fluid machine 40 using the cold heat. And a second heat exchanger Ev2 functioning as that cooler 43.

  The evaporator EVo of the heat pump HP includes a coiled metal pipe disposed in the air or on the exhaust side of air conditioning in a building or factory. If wet steam is present in the low-temperature and low-pressure CO2 refrigerant flowing through the pipe heat exchanger EVo, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the low heat source Ar, and low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant Cmv of superheated steam is generated. The low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant vapor Cmv is supplied to the inlet 356B of the compressor 27 and is compressed by the refrigerant compression means P2 of the compressor 27 to become high-temperature and high-pressure (for example, 110 ° C., 40 MPa). Generated.

  The low-temperature and low-pressure CO2 working fluid obtained by cooling the expansion gas in the second heat exchanger EV2 is heat-transferred from the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant Cmp via the first heat exchanger EV1, and is supplied as the CO2 working fluid Wf to the inlet of the compressor 27. Circulated to 356A. Thereafter, the same heat pump cycle and power cycle are repeatedly executed. In addition, you may use R245raHFC refrigerant | coolant of a low boiling point (boiling point 15.3 degreeC) as a working fluid.

  As apparent from FIG. 2, the compressor 27 preferably compresses the CO2 working fluid Wf having a predetermined pressure (for example, 3 MPa) to a critical pressure (for example, 20 to 60 MPa) to compress the CO2 working fluid (CO2 supercritical). Fluid) From a composite compressor including fluid compression means P1 for generating Wfp and refrigerant compression means P2 for compressing a low-temperature low-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cmc to a critical pressure to generate a high-temperature high-pressure CO2 refrigerant (supercritical refrigerant) Cmp. Composed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the composite compressor 27 includes a rotor housing 352 concentrically connected to an electric power gas generator 42, and a low-temperature low-pressure CO 2 working fluid Wf connected to the sealed power cycle 15. A first inlet 356A for sucking out a high temperature, high pressure CO2 working fluid (supercritical fluid) Wfp, a first outlet 358A for discharging low temperature low pressure CO2 refrigerant Cmv, and a supercritical refrigerant Cmp. The second outlet 358B, the rotor working chamber 360 in which the inlets 356A and 356B and the outlets 358A and 358B are opened, and the driving shaft 132 of the rotary fluid machine 40 are drivingly connected by press-fitting or other connecting means to the rotor working chamber 360. And a pressurizing rotor 362 housed rotatably.

  The pressurizing rotor 362 includes a lubricating oil passage 362a that extends radially outward from the main lubricating oil supply passage 132L formed in the drive shaft 132, a lubricating oil supply port 362b, and an outer peripheral end portion of the lobe 364 from the lubricating oil supply port 362b. And a porous plug 362c capable of supplying a small amount of lubricating oil. Lubricating oil is supplied to the main lubricating oil supply passage 132L by a lubricating oil pump or the like described in Japanese Patent No. 5103570 “Rotating fluid machine” by the same inventor as the present inventors.

  The composite compressor 27 further sucks the CO2 working fluid Wf and the refrigerant Cm from the inlets 356A and 356B while rotating and moving on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor working chamber 360, and compresses these fluids to a supercritical pressure. A plurality of lobes 364 discharged from the outlets 358A and 358B, a curved sliding recess 366 formed at a circumferential rear edge in a radially inner region of the lobe 364, and a pressure rotor 362 adjacent to the inlet 356 A movable movable valve 368 and a pressurizing chamber 370 formed between the movable valve 368 and the curved sliding recess 366 are provided.

  The movable valve 368 includes a valve element 376 that is housed in a valve expansion chamber 372 formed in the rotor housing 352 and rotates via a pivot shaft 374. A distal end portion of the valve element 376 includes a curved seal portion 376a and a communication opening 376b that slide while contacting the lobe 364 and the curved sliding recess 366. A pressure spring 380 presses the valve element 376 toward the pressurizing rotor 362 in the spring housing portion 378 formed in the rotor housing 352.

  When the rotary fluid machine 40 is started, when the drive shaft 132 is rotated in the clockwise direction in FIG. 2, for example, in the composite compressor 27, the pressurized chamber 370 is supplied with CO2 working fluid from the inlets 356A and 356B, respectively. Wf and refrigerant Cm are sucked and discharged from outlets 358A and 358B as supercritical working fluid and supercritical CO2 refrigerant, respectively. Thus, the pressurizing rotor 362 of the compressor 27 functions as a common part of the fluid compression means P1 and the refrigerant compression means P2.

  The composite compressor 27 has the same structure as the rotary pump described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-218058 “Rotary Combustion Engine, Hybrid Rotary Combustion Engine, and Mechanical Device Having These” by the same inventor as the present inventor. Therefore, further detailed description is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the electric power gas generator 42 includes a cylindrical reactor casing 1100 concentrically connected to the rotary fluid machine 40. The cylindrical reactor casing 1100 is formed on the inner side of the cylindrical reactor casing 1100 and the insulating heat resistant layer 1116 such as ceramic formed on the radially outer side of the central inner peripheral portion 1114 of the casing 1100, and on the inner side of the insulating heat resistant layer 1116. A power gas generation chamber 1118 is formed. A central inner peripheral portion 1114 of the cylindrical reactor casing 1100 includes an inner peripheral wall portion 1114 having a diameter for allowing the output shaft 132 of the rotary fluid machine 40 to pass therethrough. The suction port 1102 of the electric power gas generator 42 extends to the radial wall 1120 and is fitted with the electromagnetic valve 32, and the radial wall 1120 has a plurality of openings 1122 extending in the circumferential direction. Counter electrodes 1124 and 1126 are arranged at corner portions 1118a and 1118b of the power gas generation chamber 1118, respectively. The pair of electrodes 1124 and 1126 are connected to the pulse power supply 28. A temperature sensor S2 is attached to the casing 1100, and a temperature signal T is supplied to the controller 60 (see FIG. 1) and used for controlling the pulse width of the pulse power.

  The power gas generation chamber 1118 is filled with a plurality of tubular energized heating segments 1134 interposed between the counter electrodes 1124 and 1126. When the pulse power is supplied, the numerous tubular energized heating segments 1134 are heated by energization to raise the temperature to a temperature above the supercritical point of the working fluid. This temperature is adjusted by the pulse power supply 28 being controlled so that the duty cycle of the pulse power becomes a predetermined value. The gaps between these tubular energized heating segments 1134 can also act as the arc discharge region 1136, but it is not always necessary to generate arc discharge if the supercritical region can be maintained.

  In the case of generating arc discharge, as the tubular energization heating segment 1134, for example, a copper tungsten pipe having an outer diameter of 6 to 30 mm is cut into a predetermined length (for example, 0.5 to 1.5 times the outer length). Energized heating pipe. In FIG. 1, the tubular energization heating segment 1134 is illustrated as being arranged in an aligned state in the power gas generation chamber 1118. If so, they may be arranged in a random state. When arc discharge is not generated in the power gas generation chamber 1118, a stainless steel pipe or other refractory metal pipes cut into a plurality of predetermined lengths may be used as the tubular energization heating segment 1134. The CO 2 supercritical fluid passes through the gap in the tubular energization heating segment 1134 and the hole in the tubular energization heating segment 1134. At this time, heating is performed while colliding with each portion of the tubular energization heating segment 1134, and a high-temperature high-pressure power gas composed of a high-temperature high-pressure CO2 supercritical fluid is instantaneously generated. Accordingly, when a CO2 working fluid is utilized, the electric power gas generator 42 functions as an instantaneous supercritical fluid generator.

  The conductive high melting point heating means may be composed of other materials. For example, using a copper tungsten ball, a carbon ball, a bulk conductive metal body in which a groove for allowing a working fluid to pass, a bulk conductive carbon, a porous refractory metal body, a refractory honeycomb metal body, etc. are used. Also good. A filter portion 1106 is disposed adjacent to the power gas generation chamber 1118, and the filter portion 1106 is filled with a filter 1110 formed of a heat-resistant metal wire or the like. When the electromagnetic valve 32 is opened at a predetermined cycle, the supercritical fluid Scf that has passed through the filter 1110 is filtered by the filter 1142 and then supplied from the outlet 1140 to the inlet 124 of the rotary fluid machine 40.

  The rotary fluid machine 40 is preferably Japanese Patent No. 5103570 (Title: Rotary fluid machine) and Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-195513 (Title: Rotary fluid machine) by the same inventor as the present inventors. ) And Japanese Patent No. 5218929 (Title of Invention: Rotary Combustion Engine, Hybrid Rotary Combustion Engine, and Mechanical Apparatus Comprising These) and other known rotary fluids having the same structure as the rotary fluid machine disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5218929 It may be a machine.

  Returning to FIG. 1, in the energy conversion device 12, the generator 16 is coupled to the output shaft 132 and driven to generate generated power. The energy conversion device 12 includes a power storage unit (power storage system) 20 for supplying stored power to the pulse power supply 28. A part of the generated power generated by the generator 16 is stepped down to a predetermined voltage (for example, 12 volts or 24 volts) by the transformer 22 and sent to the AC / DC converter 26 via the switch 24 to be converted into direct current. Thereafter, the power storage unit 20 is charged as power for power storage.

  A pulse transformer 28 and a current transformer 50 are connected to the power line PL of the generator 16, and a voltage signal Vs and a current signal Cs are output to the controller. The power line PL is further linked to a commercial power source (not shown) via a power meter 52, a circuit breaker 54, and a grid linkage device 56.

  The power storage unit 20 is connected with a voltage sensor and a current sensor for detecting voltage and current, respectively. The voltage detection value Vi and the current detection value Ii of these voltage sensors and current sensors are output to the controller 60, and the controller 60 calculates a remaining storage capacity (SOC value: State of charge) in response to these input signals. A command signal to the circuit breaker 24 is output based on the value. Further, the controller 60 outputs an output signal to the circuit breaker 54 based on the voltage signal Vs and the current signal Is, and controls the system linkage timing to the commercial power source of the system linkage device 56.

  The controller 60 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes predetermined arithmetic processing, a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores a predetermined control program, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) that temporarily stores data. For example, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory) is used. The controller 60 is connected to an input device (not shown) for inputting control parameters to be controlled and a device start switch.

  As the power storage unit 20, a commercially available ultracapacitor module (manufactured by “Maxwell Technologies”, USA) that can be used for pulse charge / discharge cycle applications is preferable. Other power storage units include, for example, a rapid charge / discharge storage battery (Furukawa Battery Co., Ltd .: trade name “Ultra Battery”), a supercapacitor (made by Tokin) consisting of a large-capacity electric double layer capacitor, a sodium ion battery, a lithium ion battery Or a Ni-MH battery (nickel-hydrogen battery) or a combination of these batteries and a large-capacity electric double layer capacitor.

  By supplying the stored power supplied from the power storage unit 20 to the pulse power supply 28, the pulse power supply 28 generates pulse power having a predetermined period (for example, 50 to 2000 hertz). In pulse power, the pulse voltage is preferably set between 12 and 24 volts. When it is desired to generate an arc discharge between a large number of tubular energized heating segments 1134, the circuit may be designed so that pulsed power composed of a peak current and a base current is supplied to the electric power gas generator 42. . At this time, depending on the capacity of the energy conversion device 12, the pulse power preferably has a peak current of 50 to 200 amperes flowing in the peak current conduction period and a current value of about one tenth of the peak current, You may comprise so that it may have the base current which flows in an off-peak current energization period. In the electric power gas generator 42, when pulse electric power is supplied to a number of tubular energization heating segments 1134, the temperature rises to a temperature of carbon dioxide critical temperature of 374 ° C. or higher, for example, 250 to 1000 ° C. This temperature can be freely selected by controlling the voltage and duty ratio of the pulse power according to the operating conditions. The high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid is sequentially brought into contact with the outer surface of the tubular electric heating segment 1134, whereby the high-temperature and high-pressure power gas is heated in a supercritical state to become a high-temperature supercritical fluid Scf.

  The pulse power supply 28 is preferably a DC pulse power supply or an AC pulse power supply as long as it generates a pulse power composed of a peak current and a base current. Examples of the direct-current pulse power supply include a circuit configuration used in a power supply apparatus for pulse arc welding as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2587343.

  In FIG. 1, the pressure signal PS from the pressure sensor S1 of the buffer accumulator, the temperature signal T (see FIG. 3) from the temperature sensor S2 of the electric power gas generator 42, and the rotational speed of the output shaft 132 of the energy conversion device 12 A rotation speed signal SP from the sensor S3 is transmitted to the controller 60. From an input device (not shown), a calendar signal and a parameter setting signal such as temperature and pressure are input to the controller 60 as a reference signal. The voltage signal Vi and current signal Ii of the power storage unit 20 are transmitted to the controller 60, and the controller 60 determines the power storage state SOC (State of Charge) value of the power storage unit 20 in response to these input signals, and switches 24 connection states are controlled. Further, the controller 60 controls the electromagnetic valve 32 in response to the input signals PS, T, SP from the sensors S1 to S3. At this time, the controller 60 controls the rotary fluid machine 40 to maintain the solenoid valve 32 in the open state during the entire expansion stroke. Accordingly, the high-temperature and high-pressure power gas continuously acts on the rotary piston main body 200 of the rotary fluid machine 40 during the entire expansion stroke.

  Next, the net zero energy management method for buildings according to the present invention will be described in relation to the operation of the net zero energy building 10.

  In the operation of the net zero energy building 10, when a start switch (not shown) is turned on, the controller 60 activates the pulse power supply 28, and the periodic pulse power is generated by the electric power gas generator (instant supercritical). Fluid generator) 42. At this time, the tubular energized heating segment 1134 of the electric power gas generator 42 is energized, and reaches 800 ° C., for example. Then, in response to the temperature signal T of the electric power gas generator 42, a command signal is output from the controller 60 to the electromagnetic valve 32, and the electromagnetic valve 32 is energized and opened. At this time, the high-pressure (for example, 40 MPa) liquid CO 2 Wfp accumulated in the buffer accumulator 30 is supplied to the electric power gas generator 42. At that time, the high-pressure liquid CO2Wfp is brought into contact with the outer surface of the high-temperature tubular energizing and heating segment 1134 in sequence and heated uniformly while being stirred. When heated, the supercritical fluid SCf is generated as a high-temperature and high-pressure power gas. Next, the supercritical fluid SCf flows into the expansion chamber 116 from the inlet 124 of the rotary fluid machine 40, acts on the movable piston (rotary piston main body) 200, expands explosively, and is converted into mechanical energy to be output shaft. Torque is generated at 132.

  The composite compressor 27 is activated by the torque generated in the output shaft 132 when the energy conversion device 12 is started and after the start is completed, and the fluid compression means P1 and the refrigerant compression means P2 in the composite compressor 27 are simultaneously operated. The sealed power cycle 15 and the heat pump HP are activated in synchronization with each other. At this time, in the heat pump HP, in the evaporator EVo, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the low heat source Ar and the wet steam of the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant Cmc is changed to superheated steam Cmv. Of high temperature and high pressure CO2 refrigerant. The high-temperature high-pressure CO2 refrigerant Cmp transfers heat to a low-temperature low-pressure working fluid in the heat exchanger EV1 to generate a low-temperature high-pressure CO2 refrigerant. The low-temperature high-pressure CO 2 refrigerant is decompressed by the expander 47, expands and evaporates to generate cold heat (for example, −10 ° C .: 3 MPa) Cmc. The cooler 43 (heat exchanger EV2) uses this cold heat to cool the expansion gas Eg emitted from the outlet 126 of the rotary fluid machine 40 to generate the liquid CO2 working fluid Wfo. The liquid CO2 working fluid Wfo absorbs heat from the heat pump HP via the heat exchanger EV1 and evaporates to generate a gaseous CO2 working fluid Wf. At this time, the operation of the sealed power cycle 15 and the heat pump HP are repeatedly executed in synchronization, and the net zero energy building 10 can efficiently generate power using geothermal heat.

  During operation of the energy conversion device 12, part of the power generated by the generator 16 is stepped down by the transformer 22 and then supplied to the power storage unit 20 via the switch 24 and the AC / DC converter 26. When the controller 60 determines that the SOC of the power storage unit 20 has reached a predetermined value based on the voltage signal Vi and current signal Ii of the power storage unit (system) 20, the controller 60 opens the switch 24 and stops supplying power for power storage. To do. In this way, during operation of the energy conversion device 12, a part of the generated power of the generator 16 is selectively supplied to the power storage unit 20 as power for storage, so the power storage unit 20 needs to have a large capacity. Absent.

  As described above, the net zero energy building and the net zero energy management method for building according to the embodiment of the present invention have been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the configuration shown in this embodiment, and various modifications are possible. is there. For example, although the compressor has been described as being composed of a composite compressor, the composite compressor may be composed of a plurality of compressors separated and independent in accordance with their respective functions. In addition, although the fluid compression unit and the refrigerant compression unit are described as compressing the medium in one stage, a plurality of stages of compressors may be provided so that a plurality of stages of compression steps can be performed. Further, as the working fluid, a working medium other than CO 2, for example, ammonia water, a mixed medium of ammonia and carbon dioxide, or other medium may be used.

10 Net Zero Energy Building; 10A Power Supply System; 10S Structure; 10E Electrical Equipment; 12 Energy Conversion Device; 14 Output Device; 15 Sealed Power Cycle; 16 Generator; 20 Power Storage Unit (Power Storage System); 21 Charger; 22, 23 First and second power storage devices; 24, 26 First and second switching controllers; 25 Alternator; 27 Compressor (composite compressor); 28 Pulse power supply; 30 Buffer accumulator; 32 Solenoid valve; 40 Rotation 42 Electric power gas generator (instant supercritical fluid generator); 43 Condenser (heat exchanger); 47 Expander; 56 Switch; 58 Transformer; 60 Controller; Ar Low heat source; HP Heat pump EVo evaporator; EV1 heat exchanger; EV2 cooler

Claims (3)

A building having a net zero energy support system comprising a structure having an electrical facility and an energy conversion device for supplying power to the electrical facility, wherein the energy conversion device is thermally coupled to each other, and a sealed power cycle A heat pump, generating a refrigerant vapor from the refrigerant by heat exchange with a low heat source of the building in the heat pump, compressing the refrigerant vapor to generate a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant, and sealing the heat of the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant generates a low-temperature high-pressure refrigerant is transmitted to the low-temperature low-pressure working fluid of the power cycle, and to expand the low temperature high-pressure refrigerant to generate cold, hot and the cold low-pressure working fluid in the closed power cycle is compressed by the fluid compressor A high-pressure working fluid is generated, and pulsed power is generated by supplying the stored power of the power storage unit to the pulse power source. A high-temperature high-pressure power gas is generated by heating the gas generator to a predetermined temperature, and the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid is brought into contact with the electric power gas generator. Generating the generated power by supplying the mechanical energy to the generator and supplying the electrical equipment , charging the power storage unit with a part of the generated power generated by the generator as power for storage, A building equipped with a net zero energy support system , wherein the heat pump is driven by a part of the mechanical energy, and the expansion gas of the movable piston is cooled by the cold heat. Further, the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid is temporarily accumulated by a buffer accumulator, and the supply timing of the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid supplied to the electric power gas generator is controlled by a control valve, and the buffer accumulator and the control valve The building having the net zero energy support system according to claim 1, wherein the function is used as a starter of the movable piston. The refrigerant and the working fluid include carbon dioxide sealed at a predetermined pressure in the heat pump and the sealed power cycle, respectively. In the refrigerant compressor and the fluid compressor, both the refrigerant and the working fluid are in a supercritical state. The building provided with the net zero energy support system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the building is compressed by the method.

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