JP2014212101A - マルチ電池パックを備えた自動車電池システムおよび自動車電池システムの動作方法 - Google Patents
マルチ電池パックを備えた自動車電池システムおよび自動車電池システムの動作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014212101A JP2014212101A JP2013264995A JP2013264995A JP2014212101A JP 2014212101 A JP2014212101 A JP 2014212101A JP 2013264995 A JP2013264995 A JP 2013264995A JP 2013264995 A JP2013264995 A JP 2013264995A JP 2014212101 A JP2014212101 A JP 2014212101A
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- Prior art keywords
- battery pack
- lithium
- battery
- generator
- active material
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 103
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 103
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 lithium nickel cobalt aluminum series Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/60—Navigation input
- B60L2240/66—Ambient conditions
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- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
2:負極
3:セパレータ
4:電極アセンブリ
10:マルチ電池パック
100:リチウム−イオン電池パック
200:鉛電池パック
300:交流発電機
400:負荷
500:スタータ
CELL1−CELL4:リチウム−イオン電池セル
110:リチウム−イオン電池
120:電池管理システム
130:リレー
140:電流センサ
Claims (20)
- 直列連結された複数の第1電池セルを含む第1電池パックを含み、
前記第1電池パックは、発電機および第2バッテリパックに連結されており、前記第2バッテリパックより低い容量(capacity)を有し、前記第1電池セルの負極は、負極活物質を含み、前記負極活物質は、CuKαを用いたX線回折測定時、(002)面の層間距離(interlayer spacing、d002)が0.34nm〜0.50nmの炭素系物質を含むことを特徴とするリチウム電池システム。 - 前記炭素系物質は、ソフトカーボン、ハードカーボン、メソフェーズピッチ炭化物、焼成されたコークス、またはこれらの組み合わせであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム電池システム。
- 前記炭素系物質の平均粒径は、1μm〜50μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム電池システム。
- 前記第1電池セルは、正極を含み、
前記正極は、正極活物質を含み、前記正極活物質は、リチウムニッケル系酸化物、リチウムコバルト系酸化物、リチウムニッケルマンガン系酸化物、リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン系酸化物、リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム系酸化物、リチウムリン酸鉄系酸化物、またはこれらの組み合わせを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム電池システム。 - 前記正極活物質は、表面積が500m2/g〜2500m2/gの炭素材料をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載のリチウム電池システム。
- 前記第1電池セルは、リチウム−イオン電池セルであり、前記第1電池セルの正極は、ニッケル系正極活物質を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム電池システム。
- 前記第1電池セルの作動電圧範囲は、
1.5V〜2Vを含む第1拡張範囲と、
2.0V〜4.2Vを含む第1正常範囲と、
4.2V〜4.5Vを含む第1過充電範囲とを含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム電池システム。 - 前記第1電池セルは、リチウム−イオン電池セルであり、前記第1電池セルの正極は、リチウムリン酸鉄系正極活物質を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム電池システム。
- 前記第1電池セルの作動電圧範囲は、
1.75V〜3.8Vを含む第2正常範囲と、
3.8V〜4.5Vを含む第2過充電範囲とを含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のリチウム電池システム。 - 前記第1電池パックと前記交流発電機との間の電流経路は、前記第2電池パックと前記交流発電機との間の電流経路より短いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム電池システム。
- 前記第1電池パックの内部抵抗は、前記第2電池パックの内部抵抗より小さいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム電池システム。
- 電力を生成する交流発電機と、
前記交流発電機に並列連結されており、直列連結された複数の第1電池セルを含む第1電池パックと、
前記交流発電機および前記第1電池パックと並列に連結されており、前記第1電池パックの容量よりも大きい容量を有する第2電池パックとを含み、
前記第1電池セルの負極は、負極活物質を含み、前記負極活物質は、CuKαを用いたX線回折測定時、(002)面の層間距離(interlayer spacing、d002)が0.34nm〜0.50nmの炭素系物質を含むことを特徴とする自動車電池システム。 - 前記第2電池パックは、鉛電池パックであることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の自動車電池システム。
- 前記第1電池パックと前記交流発電機との間の電流経路は、前記第2電池パックと前記交流発電機との間の電流経路より短いことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の自動車電池システム。
- 前記第1電池パックの内部抵抗は、前記第2電池パックの内部抵抗より小さいことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の自動車電池システム。
- 車両の交流発電機、スタータおよび負荷に並列連結されているマルチ電池パックを備えた自動車電池システムの動作方法において、
前記車両のクランキング動作時、前記マルチ電池パックから前記スタータに電力が供給される段階と、
前記車両の運行時、前記交流発電機および前記マルチ電池パックのうちの1つから前記負荷に電力が供給される段階と、
前記交流発電機が動作しない駐車時、前記車両に必要な電力が前記マルチ電池パックから供給される段階とを含み、
前記マルチ電池パックは、第1電池パックと、第2電池パックとを含み、
前記第1電池パックは、直列連結された複数の第1電池セルを含み、前記第1電池セルの負極は、負極活物質を含み、前記負極活物質は、CuKαを用いたX線回折測定時、(002)面の層間距離(interlayer spacing、d002)が0.34nm〜0.50nmの炭素系物質を含むことを特徴とする自動車電池システムの動作方法。 - 前記車両の運行時、前記負荷に電力が供給される段階は、
前記交流発電機の出力電力が基準電力以上の時、前記交流発電機の出力電力が前記負荷に供給される段階と、
前記交流発電機の出力電力が基準電力より小さい時、前記マルチ電池パックから前記負荷に必要な電力が供給される段階とを含むことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の自動車電池システムの動作方法。 - 前記交流発電機の出力電力が基準電力以上の時、前記交流発電機の出力電力のうち、前記負荷に必要な電力を除いた残りの電力によって前記マルチ電池パックが充電される段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の自動車電池システムの動作方法。
- 前記残りの電力による前記マルチ電池パックの充電段階において、前記第1電池パックの充電速度が、前記第2電池パックの充電速度より速いことを特徴とする請求項18に記載の自動車電池システムの動作方法。
- 前記駐車時、前記車両に必要な電力が前記マルチ電池パックから供給される段階において、前記第1電池パックの放電速度が、前記第2電池パックの放電速度より速いことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の自動車電池システムの動作方法。
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