JP2014152092A - 高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物 - Google Patents
高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2014152092A JP2014152092A JP2013025655A JP2013025655A JP2014152092A JP 2014152092 A JP2014152092 A JP 2014152092A JP 2013025655 A JP2013025655 A JP 2013025655A JP 2013025655 A JP2013025655 A JP 2013025655A JP 2014152092 A JP2014152092 A JP 2014152092A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- raw material
- less
- blast furnace
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/12—Opening or sealing the tap holes
- C21B7/125—Refractory plugging mass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/14—Discharging devices, e.g. for slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4653—Tapholes; Opening or plugging thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/12—Shells or casings; Supports therefor
- F27B1/14—Arrangements of linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
- F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3821—Boron carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
- C04B2235/422—Carbon
- C04B2235/424—Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5463—Particle size distributions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Blast Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】SiC成分を40質量%以上80質量%以下、粒径45μm以上の原料に含まれるAl2O3成分を10質量%以上40質量%以下、B4C成分を0.3質量%以上3.0質量%以下含有し、粒径45μm未満の原料に含まれるAl2O3成分の含有量が6.9質量%以下である高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物。
【選択図】なし
Description
直径50mm、高さ50mmの試験片を作製し、乾燥後、大気中1000℃で焼成した。焼成後の試験片について、外観及び高さ25mm位置を水平方向に切断した面の酸化状態を観察した。酸化状態の観察では、白みを帯びた部分を酸化部分とみなした。酸化が進んでいないものを○、酸化は進んでいないが試験片外観が多泡化し性状が劣るものを△、酸化が進んでいるものを×として評価した。
40mm×40mm×160mmの試験片を作製し、乾燥後、大気中1000℃で焼成した。焼成後の試験片について、JIS R2553に準じて曲げ試験を行い曲げ強さを測定した。実施例2を実機に供したところ亀裂剥離が抑制される結果が得られ、また曲げ強さが15MPa以上の場合は亀裂剥離が発生したことから、曲げ強さ15MPa未満を好ましい範囲とした。なお、比較例2を実機に供したところ、亀裂剥離が多い結果であった。
酸化試験及び曲げ強さは緻密な焼結体(9A2B)の生成の程度を評価する項目であり、これらの項目において酸化試験○、曲げ強さ15MPa未満を満足すれば、緻密な焼結体(9A2B)による亀裂剥離は発生しないし、B4C成分由来のB2O3による酸化防止機能も低下しない。したがって、総合評価では、酸化試験が○であって曲げ強さが15MPa未満の場合を○とし、酸化試験が△若しくは×、又は曲げ強さが15MPa以上の場合を×とした。
Claims (3)
- SiC成分を40質量%以上80質量%以下、粒径45μm以上の原料に含まれるAl2O3成分を10質量%以上40質量%以下、B4C成分を0.3質量%以上3.0質量%以下含有し、粒径45μm未満の原料に含まれるAl2O3成分の含有量が6.9質量%以下である高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物。
- 粒径45μm未満の原料に含まれるAl2O3成分の含有量が3.9質量%以下である請求項1に記載の高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物。
- B4C成分の含有量が0.3質量%以上1.5質量%以下である請求項1又は2に記載の高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013025655A JP6077877B2 (ja) | 2013-02-13 | 2013-02-13 | 高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物 |
PCT/JP2014/053172 WO2014126095A1 (ja) | 2013-02-13 | 2014-02-12 | 高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物 |
TW103104701A TWI532703B (zh) | 2013-02-13 | 2014-02-13 | Blast furnace with castable refractory |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013025655A JP6077877B2 (ja) | 2013-02-13 | 2013-02-13 | 高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2014152092A true JP2014152092A (ja) | 2014-08-25 |
JP6077877B2 JP6077877B2 (ja) | 2017-02-08 |
Family
ID=51354095
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013025655A Active JP6077877B2 (ja) | 2013-02-13 | 2013-02-13 | 高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP6077877B2 (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI532703B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014126095A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017019673A (ja) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-26 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | アルミナ−炭化珪素−カーボン系不定形耐火物 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7219605B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2023-02-08 | 黒崎播磨株式会社 | マッド材 |
CN111517815A (zh) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-08-11 | 郑州市瑞沃耐火材料有限公司 | 氮化硅复合高导热浇注料 |
CN115403391B (zh) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-06-23 | 鄂尔多斯市西金矿冶有限责任公司 | 一种碳质炉眼砖修复用碳化硅基浇注料及其制备方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0477368A (ja) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-03-11 | Kawasaki Refract Co Ltd | 高炉樋材用等の不定形耐火物 |
JP2000203953A (ja) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-07-25 | Harima Ceramic Co Ltd | 高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物 |
JP2002020177A (ja) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-23 | Kurosaki Harima Corp | 高炭化珪素含有不定形耐火物 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0737343B2 (ja) * | 1988-10-06 | 1995-04-26 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 溶銑予備処理容器用不定形耐火物 |
JPH068223B2 (ja) * | 1989-11-22 | 1994-02-02 | 大光炉材株式会社 | 高炉出銑樋用流し込み耐火材 |
JPH04367571A (ja) * | 1991-06-13 | 1992-12-18 | Kawasaki Refract Co Ltd | 高炉出銑樋用不定形耐火物 |
JPH0570250A (ja) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-03-23 | Kawasaki Refract Co Ltd | 出銑樋用流し込み樋材 |
JP5294624B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2013-09-18 | 日本坩堝株式会社 | 炭化珪素質流し込み材 |
JP2010235342A (ja) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-21 | Kurosaki Harima Corp | 高炉出銑樋用不定形耐火物 |
-
2013
- 2013-02-13 JP JP2013025655A patent/JP6077877B2/ja active Active
-
2014
- 2014-02-12 WO PCT/JP2014/053172 patent/WO2014126095A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-02-13 TW TW103104701A patent/TWI532703B/zh active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0477368A (ja) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-03-11 | Kawasaki Refract Co Ltd | 高炉樋材用等の不定形耐火物 |
JP2000203953A (ja) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-07-25 | Harima Ceramic Co Ltd | 高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物 |
JP2002020177A (ja) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-23 | Kurosaki Harima Corp | 高炭化珪素含有不定形耐火物 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
JPN6016029573; 樋口芳朗: 'アルミナセメントの海外事情' コンクリート・ジャーナル Vol.6,No.12, 1968, PP.55-58 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017019673A (ja) * | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-26 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | アルミナ−炭化珪素−カーボン系不定形耐火物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2014126095A1 (ja) | 2014-08-21 |
JP6077877B2 (ja) | 2017-02-08 |
TW201441179A (zh) | 2014-11-01 |
TWI532703B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6077877B2 (ja) | 高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物 | |
TW201402521A (zh) | 高溫非濕性耐火材料添加劑系統 | |
JP6662346B2 (ja) | 耐火物及びその製造方法 | |
JP2010235342A (ja) | 高炉出銑樋用不定形耐火物 | |
JP2001114571A (ja) | 高炉樋用キャスタブル耐火物 | |
JP2874831B2 (ja) | 流し込み施工用耐火物 | |
CN105254317A (zh) | 一种镁铁铝尖晶石喷煤管 | |
KR101303812B1 (ko) | 석탄슬래그 침식에 강한 알루미나 코팅 스핀넬/탄화규소 내화물 조성물 및 이의 제조방법 | |
JP5174751B2 (ja) | 炭化珪素及び炭化チタン含有不定形耐火物 | |
JPH08259340A (ja) | マグネシア−カーボン質キャスタブル耐火物 | |
JP6266968B2 (ja) | 高炉炉床部の内張り構造 | |
JP4160796B2 (ja) | 高耐熱衝撃性スライディングノズルプレートれんが | |
JP2020100853A (ja) | 高炉樋カバー用不定形耐火物 | |
JP6098834B2 (ja) | 溶融アルミニウム合金用不定形耐火物 | |
JP6609389B1 (ja) | 高炉樋用不定形耐火物 | |
TWI478892B (zh) | No carbon and aluminum magnesium does not burn bricks | |
JP6354807B2 (ja) | 高炉主樋スラグライン用流し込み耐火物 | |
JP4468323B2 (ja) | 耐火物用炭素材及びその用途 | |
JP2000335980A (ja) | 黒鉛含有不定形耐火物 | |
JPH0585805A (ja) | 炭素含有耐火物 | |
JPH09278540A (ja) | 耐食性、耐酸化性不定形耐火物 | |
JP4361048B2 (ja) | アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金溶湯用軽量キャスタブル耐火物 | |
JP2018015763A (ja) | 連続鋳造用タンディッシュ用内張り耐火物 | |
JP6302626B2 (ja) | 耐火モルタル | |
JP6086751B2 (ja) | 耐火モルタル |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20160114 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160809 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20161101 |
|
A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20161118 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20161220 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20170113 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6077877 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |