JP2014117625A - 廃棄物の処理方法 - Google Patents
廃棄物の処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014117625A JP2014117625A JP2012271858A JP2012271858A JP2014117625A JP 2014117625 A JP2014117625 A JP 2014117625A JP 2012271858 A JP2012271858 A JP 2012271858A JP 2012271858 A JP2012271858 A JP 2012271858A JP 2014117625 A JP2014117625 A JP 2014117625A
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- SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCC SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
津波を伴う震災や河川氾濫を伴う災害時に発生した瓦礫などの廃棄物は、含水率の高い土砂を大量に含むため、被災地からそのままの状態で廃棄物をそのままの状態で処理場に運搬することは難しく、特に東日本大震災の様に災害の規模が大きいと廃棄物の量が多く、処理の効率化が求められており、効率的な廃棄物の処理方法を提供すること。
【解決手段】
ある特定のカチオン当量値及びアニオン当量値を有するイオン性高分子組成物を、泥水及び異物を含む廃棄物に添加、混合することで、泥水中の電荷を有する粒子と高分子との化学的な結合によりフロックを形成させ粒子と異物を分離しやすくし、篩い分けをすることにより前記廃棄物から異物を効率よく分離することができる。
【選択図】 なし
Description
一般式(1)
R1は水素又はメチル基、R2、R3は炭素数1〜3のアルキルあるいはヒドロキシアルキル基、R4は水素、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、炭素数7〜20のアルキル基あるいはアリール基であり、同種でも異種でも良い、Aは酸素またはNH、Bは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基またはアルコキシレン基を表わす、X1 −は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
一般式(2)
R5は水素又はメチル基、R6、R7は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基あるいはヒドロキシアルキル基、X2 −は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
一般式(3)
ここでR8は水素、メチル基またはカルボキシメチル基、AはSO3、C6H4SO3、CONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3、C6H4COOあるいはCOO、R9は水素またはCOOY2、Y1あるいはY2は水素または陽イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
イオン性高分子組成物のカチオン当量値、アニオン当量値は下記の方法に準じて測定し表1に示した。
<カチオン当量値測定方法>
イオン性高分子組成物1gと純水199mLを加えてビーカーで溶解する。溶解液5gを採取し純水で全量を150mLにする。これに、1N−酢酸溶液を加えてpH4に調整後、0.1%トルイジンブルー溶液を数滴滴下する。1/400Nのポリビニル硫酸カリウム溶液で滴定し、溶液が青から赤紫に変化してから15秒以上保持して終点とする。そのときの滴定量をX(mL)とする。カチオン当量値は次の式により算出する。
カチオン当量値(meq/g)=X(mL)÷10÷イオン性高分子組成物純分(%)
<アニオン当量値測定方法>
イオン性高分子組成物1gと純水199mLを加えてビーカーで溶解する。溶解液5gを採取し純水で全量を150mLにする。これに、1N−炭酸水素アンモニウム溶液を加えてpH7に調整後、0.1%トルイジンブルー溶液を数滴滴下する。1/400Nのポリビニル硫酸カリウム溶液で滴定し、溶液が青から赤紫に変化してから15秒以上保持して終点とする。そのときの滴定量をY(mL)とする。アニオン当量値は次の式により算出する。
アニオン当量値(meq/g)=[X(mL)−Y(mL)]÷10÷イオン性高分子組成物純分(%)
模擬廃棄物320gに対して、イオン性高分子組成物−1の原液を2.0g添加、均一に混合し、団粒化させ、5mmの篩により5mm上と5mm下に分別し、分別前の質量と分別後の質量により分別割合を求めた。結果を表2に示す。
Claims (4)
- イオン当量としてカチオン当量値0.05〜4.0meq/g、アニオン当量値0.1〜6.0meq/gの電荷を有するイオン性高分子組成物を、泥水及び異物を含む廃棄物に添加、混合した後、篩い分けをすることにより前記廃棄物から異物を分離することを特徴とする廃棄物の処理方法。
- 前記イオン性高分子組成物のアニオン当量値がカチオン当量値より大きいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の廃棄物の処理方法。
- 前記イオン性高分子組成物が、下記一般式(1)あるいは(2)で表されるカチオン性単量体及び下記一般式(3)で表されるアニオン性単量体及び共重合可能な非イオン性単量体を含有する単量体混合物を重合した両性高分子を含有することを特徴とする請求項1あるいは2に記載の廃棄物の処理方法。
一般式(1)
R1は水素又はメチル基、R2、R3は炭素数1〜3のアルキルあるいはヒドロキシアルキル基、R4は水素、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基、炭素数7〜20のアルキル基あるいはアリール基であり、同種でも異種でも良い、Aは酸素またはNH、Bは炭素数2〜4のアルキレン基またはアルコキシレン基を表わす、X1 −は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
一般式(2)
R5は水素又はメチル基、R6、R7は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基あるいはヒドロキシアルキル基、X2 −は陰イオンをそれぞれ表わす。
一般式(3)
ここでR8は水素、メチル基またはカルボキシメチル基、AはSO3、C6H4SO3、CONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3、C6H4COOあるいはCOO、R9は水素またはCOOY2、Y1あるいはY2は水素または陽イオンをそれぞれ表わす。 - 前記イオン性高分子組成物の形態が油中水型エマルジョンであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の廃棄物の処理方法。
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