JP2013541628A - 発泡材料の製造方法、その方法において使用されるエマルション状組成物、およびその方法から得ることができる発泡材料 - Google Patents
発泡材料の製造方法、その方法において使用されるエマルション状組成物、およびその方法から得ることができる発泡材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013541628A JP2013541628A JP2013537141A JP2013537141A JP2013541628A JP 2013541628 A JP2013541628 A JP 2013541628A JP 2013537141 A JP2013537141 A JP 2013537141A JP 2013537141 A JP2013537141 A JP 2013537141A JP 2013541628 A JP2013541628 A JP 2013541628A
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- Prior art keywords
- component
- carbon dioxide
- polyol
- acid
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 144
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
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- HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC HNSDLXPSAYFUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
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- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 14
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- HHDUMDVQUCBCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[10,15,20-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)-21,23-dihydroporphyrin-5-yl]benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)c1ccc(cc1)-c1c2ccc(n2)c(-c2ccc(cc2)C(O)=O)c2ccc([nH]2)c(-c2ccc(cc2)C(O)=O)c2ccc(n2)c(-c2ccc(cc2)C(O)=O)c2ccc1[nH]2 HHDUMDVQUCBCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 8
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/08—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing carbon dioxide
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
- C08J9/20—Making expandable particles by suspension polymerisation in the presence of the blowing agent
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- C08J2201/05—Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase
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- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
Description
・A)形成されたマトリックスは室温で固体である、マトリックス形成用成分、
B)界面活性剤成分、および
C)成分A)に乳化した超臨界または近臨界二酸化炭素含有発泡剤成分
を含んでなるエマルション状組成物を供給する工程;および
・発泡剤成分C)の二酸化炭素を、圧力低下によって未臨界状態にする工程
を含む、発泡材料の製造方法であって、
発泡剤成分C)が、150bar以上の圧力で超臨界二酸化炭素に可溶性であって、40bar以下の圧力で未臨界二酸化炭素に不溶性であって、成分A)に不溶性である、疎水性共成分D)を更に含んでなり、
共成分D)が、発泡剤成分の3重量%〜35重量%の割合で存在することを特徴とする、方法によって解決される。
に従って計算できる。
A)60重量%〜95重量%、好ましくは65重量%〜85重量%、より好ましくは70重量%〜80重量%;
B)4重量%〜30重量%、好ましくは6重量%〜20重量%、より好ましくは8重量%〜16重量%;
C)5重量%〜30重量%、好ましくは8重量%〜20重量%、より好ましくは10重量%〜15重量%;および
D)0.3重量%〜10重量%、好ましくは0.5重量%〜5重量%、より好ましくは0.8重量%〜3重量%
であってよく、これらの重量割合の合計は100重量%以下である。
A)MDIおよび/またはpMDIと250mgKOH/g以上の平均ヒドロキシル価を有するポリオールとの反応性樹脂混合物60重量%〜95重量%、好ましくは65重量%〜85重量%、より好ましくは70重量%〜80重量%、
B)ポリシロキサン基含有界面活性剤4重量%〜30重量%、好ましくは6重量%〜20重量%、より好ましくは8重量%〜16重量%、
C)二酸化炭素5重量%〜30重量%、好ましくは8重量%〜20重量%、より好ましくは10重量%〜15重量%、および
D)ドデカン0.3重量%〜10重量%、好ましくは0.5重量%〜5重量%、より好ましくは0.8重量%〜3重量%
を有し、これらの重量割合の合計は100重量%以下である。
A)形成されたマトリックスは室温で固体である、マトリックス形成用成分、
B)界面活性剤成分、および
C)成分A)に乳化した超臨界または近臨界二酸化炭素含有発泡剤成分
を含んでなる、発泡材料の製造に適したエマルション状組成物であって、
発泡剤成分C)が、150bar以上の圧力で超臨界二酸化炭素に可溶性であって、40bar以下の圧力で未臨界二酸化炭素に不溶性であって、成分A)に不溶性である、疎水性共成分D)を更に含んでなり、
共成分D)が、発泡剤成分の3重量%〜35重量%の割合で存在することを特徴とする、組成物である。
A)MDIおよび/またはpMDIと250mgKOH/g以上の平均ヒドロキシル価を有するポリオールとの反応性樹脂混合物60重量%〜95重量%、好ましくは65重量%〜85重量%、より好ましくは70重量%〜80重量%、
B)ポリシロキサン基含有界面活性剤4重量%〜30重量%、好ましくは6重量%〜20重量%、より好ましくは8重量%〜16重量%、
C)二酸化炭素5重量%〜30重量%、好ましくは8重量%〜20重量%、より好ましくは10重量%〜15重量%、および
D)ドデカン0.3重量%〜10重量%、好ましくは0.5重量%〜5重量%、より好ましくは0.8重量%〜3重量%
を有する成分を、これらの重量割合の合計が100重量%以下となるように含んでなるエマルション状組成物から得ることができる。
図1は、二成分系の圧力依存状態図である。
図2は、n−デカン/二酸化炭素系の圧力依存状態図である。
図3は、オクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン/二酸化炭素系の圧力依存状態図である。
図4は、n−ドデカン含有系の相挙動を示す。
図5は、別のn−ドデカン含有系の相挙動を示す。
図6は、別のn−ドデカン含有系の相挙動を示す。
図7は、オクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン含有系の相挙動を示す。
図8〜10は、本発明に従って使用できる密閉型を示す。
図11〜15は、得られた発泡体の顕微鏡写真である。
D4:オクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン
Desmophen(登録商標) VP.PU 1431:Bayer MaterialScience AG製の二官能性ポリエステルポリオール、ヒドロキシル価310mgKOH/g
Desmophen(登録商標) VP.PU 20AP95:Bayer MaterialScience AG製のスクロース系ポリエーテルポリオール、ヒドロキシル価450mgKOH/g
Desmodur(登録商標) 44V20L:異性体および高官能性同族体を有するジフェニルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート(MDI)の混合物
TCPP:トリス(2−クロロイソプロピル)ホスフェート
Q2-5211(登録商標):Dow Corning製のシロキシル化ポリエチレンオキシドポリエーテル、3−(ポリオキシエチレン)プロピルヘプタメチルトリシロキサン、末端基:OHおよびヘプタメチルトリシロキサン、32%シロキサン基、68%エチレンオキシド単位;EO基のHLB値:11.5
Emuldac(登録商標) AS-11:C16〜C18アルコール−ポリエチレングリコールエーテル(11EO)
Emuldac(登録商標) AS-25:C16〜C18アルコール−ポリエチレングリコールエーテル(25EO)
Zonyl(登録商標) FSN-100:エトキシル化非イオン性フルオロ界面活性剤、CAS番号65545-80-4
DABCO:1,4−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン
DBTL:ジラウリン酸ジブチルスズ
Silwet(登録商標) L-7607:Momentive製のシロキサンポリアルキレンオキシドコポリマー
極性相としての水およびNaCl、並びに無極性相としての二酸化炭素、n−デカン、Zonyl(登録商標) FSN-100およびEmuldac(登録商標) AS-25を含む系を、初期圧力90barから60barまでの圧力低下に付した。系の他のパラメーターは以下であった:T=50℃、γ(a)=0.25、w(b)=0.205、β(n−デカン)=0.15、ε=0.01およびδ(FSN-100)=0.60。
極性相としてのDesmophen(登録商標) VP.PU 1431、Desmophen(登録商標) VP.PU 20AP95およびグリセロール、並びに無極性相としての二酸化炭素、n−デカンおよびQ2-5211(登録商標)を含む系を、初期圧力110barから91barまでの圧力低下に付した。系の他のパラメーターは以下であった:Ψ(VP.PU 1431)=0.742;Ψ(グリセロール)=0.158;Ψ(VP.PU 20AP95)=0.100、T=50℃、γ(a)=0.30、w(b)=0.15およびβ(n−デカン)=0.15。
本発明の教示に従って得ることができるマイクロエマルションを、ポリウレタン発泡体に転化した。34℃および圧力170barで、ポリオールと触媒(DBTDLおよびDABCO)と界面活性剤との混合物に、二酸化炭素を添加した。この場合、特定の理論に拘束されることなく、ポリオール相中に超臨界二酸化炭素液滴のマイクロエマルションが生じたと仮定する。高圧ミキシングヘッドにおいて、このエマルションにポリイソシアネートを添加した。次いで、以下の表に示す特定の逆圧で、反応混合物を(図10に従った)型に導入した。このように、本発明の実施例では、型内は、二酸化炭素について超臨界条件であった。35℃に予熱した型への導入および滞留時間の後、圧力を常圧に下げた。これらの実施例において示した重量は、重量部である。総射出重量は、それぞれの場合に120gであった。
図11および図12は、実施例5の平均細孔寸法が1μmよりかなり小さいことを示している。20〜100μmの範囲の気泡はほとんど生じなかった。ほとんどの細孔は、500nmより小さかった。
図13および図14は、実施例5とは対照的に、比較例7の細孔寸法が100μmよりかなり大きいことを示している。
図15は、実施例6において、滞留時間38秒で、80μm未満の細孔寸法が得られたことを示している。
Claims (15)
- ・A)形成されたマトリックスは室温で固体である、マトリックス形成用成分、
B)界面活性剤成分、および
C)成分A)に乳化した超臨界または近臨界二酸化炭素含有発泡剤成分
を含んでなるエマルション状組成物を供給する工程;および
・発泡剤成分C)の二酸化炭素を、圧力低下によって未臨界状態にする工程
を含む、発泡材料の製造方法であって、
発泡剤成分C)が、150bar以上の圧力で超臨界二酸化炭素に可溶性であって、40bar以下の圧力で未臨界二酸化炭素に不溶性であって、成分A)に不溶性である、疎水性共成分D)を更に含んでなり、
共成分D)が、発泡剤成分の3重量%〜35重量%の割合で存在することを特徴とする、方法。 - 成分A)が、ポリイソシアネートと反応する化合物とポリイソシアネートとを含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ポリイソシアネートと反応する化合物がポリオールであり、ポリオールが、ポリエーテルポリオール、ポリエステルポリオール、ポリカーボネートポリオール、ポリエーテルエステルポリオールおよびポリアクリレートポリオールからなる群から選択され、ポリオールのヒドロキシル価が100mgKOH/g〜800mgKOH/gであり、ポリオールの平均ヒドロキシル官能価が2以上である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 成分A)が、アクリルアミド、エポキシドおよび/またはフェノール、メラミンおよび/またはウレア−ホルムアルデヒドを含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 成分A)が、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリメチルメタクリレート、熱可塑性ポリウレタン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、および/またはスチレン、ブタジエン、アクリロニトリル、メチルメタクリレート、酢酸ビニルのコポリマー、および/またはこれらポリマーの混合物を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 界面活性剤成分B)が、アルコキシル化アルカノール、アルコキシル化アルキルフェノール、アルコキシル化脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、ポリアルキレンアミン、アルキルスルフェート、アルキルポリエーテル、アルキルポリグルコシド、ホスファチジルイノシトール、フッ素化界面活性剤、ポリシロキサン基含有界面活性剤およびビス(2−エチル−1−ヘキシル)スルホスクシネートからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 共成分D)が、7〜20個の炭素原子を有する、アルカン、アルケン、芳香族化合物、エステル、エーテル、ケトン、および3〜20個のケイ素原子を有する直鎖、分岐または環式ポリシロキサンからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- エマルション状組成物を、50bar〜200barの圧力および20℃〜80℃の温度で調製する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 密閉型内で発泡剤成分C)の二酸化炭素を未臨界状態にし、密閉型は、混合装置のミキシングヘッドの一部ではなく、混合物導入後に、その内部容積および/またはその内部圧力を外部作用によって変えることができるように設計されている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- エマルション状組成物において、成分が下記割合:
A)ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートおよび/または重合体ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートと250mgKOH/g以上の平均ヒドロキシル価を有するポリオールとの反応性樹脂混合物60重量%〜95重量%、
B)ポリシロキサン基含有界面活性剤4重量%〜30重量%、
C)二酸化炭素5重量%〜30重量%、および
D)ドデカン0.3重量%〜10重量%
を有し、これらの重量割合の合計が100重量%以下である、請求項1に記載の方法。 - A)形成されたマトリックスは室温で固体である、マトリックス形成用成分、
B)界面活性剤成分、および
C)成分A)に乳化した超臨界または近臨界二酸化炭素含有発泡剤成分
を含んでなる、発泡材料の製造に適したエマルション状組成物であって、
発泡剤成分C)が、150bar以上の圧力で超臨界二酸化炭素に可溶性であって、40bar以下の圧力で未臨界二酸化炭素に不溶性であって、成分A)に不溶性である、疎水性共成分D)を更に含んでなり、
共成分D)が、発泡剤成分の3重量%〜35重量%の割合で存在することを特徴とする、組成物。 - 固体マトリックスおよびマトリックス中に分布した気泡を含んでなる、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法によって得ることができる発泡材料であって、マトリックスと気泡との界面の気泡内部に面する側に、150bar以上の圧力で超臨界二酸化炭素に可溶性であって、40bar以下の圧力で未臨界二酸化炭素に不溶性であって、成分A)に不溶性である、疎水性共成分D)が配置されていることを特徴とする、発泡材料。
- 107細孔/cm3〜1018細孔/cm3の細孔密度を有する、請求項12に記載の発泡材料。
- 固体マトリックスがポリウレタンポリマーを含んでなる、請求項12に記載の発泡材料。
- 下記割合:
A)MDIおよび/またはpMDIと250mgKOH/g以上の平均ヒドロキシル価を有するポリオールとの反応性樹脂混合物60重量%〜95重量%、
B)ポリシロキサン基含有界面活性剤4重量%〜30重量%、
C)二酸化炭素5重量%〜30重量%、および
D)ドデカン0.3重量%〜10重量%
を有する成分を、これらの重量割合の合計が100重量%以下となるように含んでなるエマルション状組成物から得ることができる、請求項14に記載の発泡材料。
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Patent Citations (2)
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JP2002256005A (ja) * | 2001-02-15 | 2002-09-11 | Rohm & Haas Co | 多孔質粒子、その水性分散液、および調製法 |
JP2009138160A (ja) * | 2007-12-10 | 2009-06-25 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 微細発泡体の製造方法 |
Cited By (1)
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JP2017505368A (ja) * | 2014-01-23 | 2017-02-16 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | 小さな気泡サイズを有する硬質ポリウレタン発泡体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR112013011166A2 (pt) | 2016-08-23 |
US9403958B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
MX2013004970A (es) | 2013-06-07 |
JP6017433B2 (ja) | 2016-11-02 |
CA2816772A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
EP2635628B1 (de) | 2015-03-04 |
CN103429648A (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
KR20130117806A (ko) | 2013-10-28 |
US20140107239A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
RU2013125690A (ru) | 2014-12-10 |
CN103429648B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
WO2012059567A1 (de) | 2012-05-10 |
PL2635628T3 (pl) | 2015-07-31 |
DE102010060386A1 (de) | 2012-05-10 |
RU2601447C2 (ru) | 2016-11-10 |
EP2635628A1 (de) | 2013-09-11 |
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