JP2013531738A - リチウム金属の電解生成 - Google Patents
リチウム金属の電解生成 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013531738A JP2013531738A JP2013518654A JP2013518654A JP2013531738A JP 2013531738 A JP2013531738 A JP 2013531738A JP 2013518654 A JP2013518654 A JP 2013518654A JP 2013518654 A JP2013518654 A JP 2013518654A JP 2013531738 A JP2013531738 A JP 2013531738A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- acid
- liquid metal
- metal cathode
- alloy
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- -1 lithium metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- IOYKOBPSEGXAHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro(hydroxy)silane Chemical compound O[Si](F)(F)F IOYKOBPSEGXAHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine Chemical group CCCCCN DPBLXKKOBLCELK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XQEVRZIQWROROX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-$l^{1}-oxidanyl-2,2,3,3,5,5-hexamethylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)N1[O] XQEVRZIQWROROX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940100684 pentylamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020220 Pb—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910016338 Bi—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 10
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940006487 lithium cation Drugs 0.000 description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005267 amalgamation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CF QEWYKACRFQMRMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- HZRMTWQRDMYLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metaborate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]B=O HZRMTWQRDMYLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940104869 fluorosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluorosulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodic acid Chemical class OI(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000634 wood's metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of light metals
- C25C1/04—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of light metals in mercury cathode cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of light metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
- C25C7/08—Separating of deposited metals from the cathode
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本出願は、その全開示を本明細書に参照により組み入れる、2010年6月30日出願の米国仮出願第61/360,341号の優先権を主張する。
e− + Li+ → Li(合金) (1)
である。
2OH− → H2O + 1/2O2 + 2e− (2)
である。
CO3 2− + H2O → CO2 + 2OH−
Claims (29)
- a.水性溶媒中に炭酸リチウムならびに硫酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、フルオロスルホン酸、トリフルオロホウ酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、トリフルオロケイ酸および動力学的に障害される酸から選択される少なくとも1つの酸を提供するステップであって、リチウムアニオンが該溶媒中に溶解し、リチウム供給溶液を形成するステップ、
b.該溶液と接触させてアノードを提供するステップ、
c.リチウムの電解に適した液体金属カソードを提供するステップであって、該液体金属カソードが該溶液と接触して電解槽を形成するステップ、
d.該電解槽に電流を提供し、これにより該液体金属カソードでリチウムを生成し、該液体金属カソードと合金を形成するステップ、
e.任意でリチウム金属を該液体金属カソードから分離するステップ
を含む、炭酸リチウムからのリチウム生成プロセス。 - 前記供給溶液および液体金属カソードを前記液体金属カソードの融点より高い温度まで加熱するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸が硫酸である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リチウムの分離ステップが適切な抽出溶媒を用いる抽出プロセスにより行われる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記抽出溶媒がペンチルアミン、ピリジン、HMPO、イソプロピルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリエチルテトラミン、エチレンジアミンまたは無水アンモニアから選択される、請求項4に記載のプロセス。
- 前記抽出が圧力下で行われる、請求項5に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リチウムの分離ステップが蒸留プロセスを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスが連続生成プロセスである、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記水性溶液のpHが7以下に維持される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 液体金属カソードおよび水性溶液を含む電解槽におけるリチウムイオンの電解を含むリチウム金属生成プロセスであって、該水性溶液がリチウムイオンならびに硫酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、フルオロスルホン酸、トリフルオロホウ酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、トリフルオロケイ酸、および動力学的に障害される酸アニオンから選択される少なくとも1つのアニオンを含有し、該リチウムイオンが炭酸リチウムまたはその対応リチウムイオン供給源から生成される、プロセス。
- 前記アニオンが硫酸塩である、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体金属カソードがビスマス、鉛、錫、およびインジウムの1つ以上を含有する合金を含む、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体金属カソードがBi−Pb−Sn合金、Bi−In−Pb−Sn合金、In−Bi合金、Ga、Ga−Sn−Zn合金、Ga−In−Sn合金、Ga−In−Sn合金またはIn−Bi−Sn合金から選択される、請求項12に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体金属カソードがBi−Pb−Sn合金であり、Biの重量パーセントが約45%〜約55%である、請求項13に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体金属カソードがBi−In−Pb−Sn合金であり、Biの重量パーセントが約45%〜約55%である(理想的には58℃の融点を有する共晶合金:49%Bi、21%In、18%Pb、12%Snに近い)、請求項14に記載のプロセス。
- 前記液体金属カソードが前記溶液の沸点未満の融点を有する、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記融点が約100℃未満である、請求項16に記載のプロセス。
- 前記融点が約60℃未満である、請求項17に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リチウムイオンが炭酸リチウムから生成される、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リチウムイオンがリシア輝石から、リシア輝石を硫酸と反応させるステップを含むプロセスを用いることにより生成される、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスが寄生反応の50%未満を有する、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスが寄生反応の40%未満を有する、請求項21に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスが寄生反応の30%未満を有する、請求項22に記載のプロセス。
- 前記寄生反応が酸素および水素を生成する、請求項24に記載のプロセス。
- 液体金属カソードおよび水性溶液を含む電解槽におけるリチウムイオンの電解を含むリチウム生成プロセスであって、該水性溶液がリシア輝石または他の天然リチウム供給源から生成されるリチウムイオンを含有する、プロセス。
- 前記リチウムイオンがリシア輝石を水性溶媒において硫酸と反応させることにより調製される、請求項25に記載のプロセス。
- 前記プロセスがハロゲン化リチウムを発生させるステップを含まない、請求項25に記載のプロセス。
- a.液体金属カソードおよび水性溶液を含む電解槽であって、該水性溶液がリチウムイオンならびに硫酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、フルオロスルホン酸、フルオロトリフルオロホウ酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、トリフルオロケイ酸および動力学的に障害される酸アニオンから選択される少なくとも1つのアニオンを含有し、該リチウムイオンが炭酸リチウムから生成される、電解槽;
b.該槽および液体金属循環システムの温度を該液体金属カソードの融点より高いが該水性溶液の沸点より低く維持する加熱システム;
c.該電解槽からの還元リチウムが適切な抽出溶液を用いて該液体金属カソードから抽出される抽出槽;
d.該リチウム金属を該抽出溶液から分離する蒸留システム
を含む、リチウムイオンの電解を用いるリチウム生成システム。 - 前記アニオンが硫酸塩である、請求項28に記載のリチウム生成システム。
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