JP2013514471A - 実質的に2次元の建築部材 - Google Patents
実質的に2次元の建築部材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2013514471A JP2013514471A JP2012543741A JP2012543741A JP2013514471A JP 2013514471 A JP2013514471 A JP 2013514471A JP 2012543741 A JP2012543741 A JP 2012543741A JP 2012543741 A JP2012543741 A JP 2012543741A JP 2013514471 A JP2013514471 A JP 2013514471A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- building
- building member
- foam
- solar
- module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
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- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
Description
「2次元の建築部材」という用語は、基本的に前面及び背面が平板形状を示し、第三の次元の厚さが平面の長さ及び幅よりも小さい部材を意味する。もちろん、平板は完全に平面でなく、わずかに曲がっていてもよいし、大きく曲がっていてもよい。
最終使用者は非常に魅力的な政府主導の助成金政策なしに投資回収可能な最短時間を探しており、技術的な進歩はまだ非常に有利な解決策を提供していないため、太陽光発電システムの普及は未だとても遅い。
最近の従来の技術は特許文献1に記載されている。しかしながら、このような方法の実現は現実的ではない。モジュールの背面において、有利な材料を組み合わせていないために、この種の構造の限界は、主としてそのような構造によって達成し得る剛性に関する。さらに、モジュール背面の絶縁能力(具体的には、水蒸気及び電気に関する)について、そのような構造において追加的に存在する接着層から独立した、発泡層の内部または隣接した乾燥繊維の存在の理由において疑問点がある。乾燥した繊維が提供する絶縁能力は十分ではないということが知られている。さらに、光学活性材料の前面又は背面にガラスが全く存在しないということは、明らかに耐久性が不足していることを示している。最後に、この設計は、工業的に開発される必要のある太陽モジュールのカプセル化の方法とは完全に異なる方法を必要とし、そのまままたは、わずかにかつ容易に実現できる変更のみで市販の完成品または半完成品モジュールに適用されないため、本モジュールの製造者が達成できる規模の経済を利用できない。さらに、非常に薄い発泡層の使用は、熱絶縁特性が非常に不足していることを示している。
第一の好適な実施形態に係る本発明の核心は、1部材の太陽エネルギー捕集部として及び外部建築部材として直接的に使用可能なSISBEとできるような、向上した熱絶縁と、強さ及び剛性としての優れた機械的な特性を有するサンドイッチ構造を形成できるように、その背面に少なくとも二つの異なる材料からなる層を有する太陽モジュールを提供することである。モジュールの背面側から始めると、前述の二つの材料の層はコア材料層と背面サンドイッチ材料層とを備えうる。モジュールが少なくとも部分的に前面サンドイッチ材料層として働くのではない場合、専用の層をSISBEに対して、モジュールとコア材料層の間に導入しなければならない。
例1において、SISBE29はサンドイッチ構造30に隣接して配置された太陽光発電モジュール1を備える。サンドイッチ構造30は表1に従う材料を備え、そのサンドイッチ構造30は前面サンドイッチ(fss)材料層4、コア材料層10(コア材料)、及び背面サンドイッチ(bss)材料層20を備える。好適には、サンドイッチ構造は強化ガラス繊維fss層4、発泡ポリウレタン発泡材(PUR)コア材料10及び強化ガラス繊維bss層20を備える。好適な他の一実施形態において、サンドイッチ構造30はfss4及び/またはbss20内の強化部材として麻の繊維を備える。さらに、好適な実施形態において、サンドイッチ構造30はfss4及び/またはbss20内の強化部材として玄武岩繊維を備える。さらに、好適な他の一実施形態において、fss4及び/またはbss20の母材材料は、母材材料としてエポキシ樹脂(例えばHuntsman Tactix 123)を含む。さらに、他の一実施形態において、fss4及び/またはbss20は母材材料として熱可塑性材料(例えば、ポリプロピレン)を含む。
本発明の建築部材、例えばSISBEを用いることにより、建築物と太陽システム装置の間に、阻害的で経済的な組み合わせが可能となる。
1a 太陽光発電セル
1c 背面カバー材料
4 前面サンドイッチ(fss)材料層
7 ハイブリッドモジュール
7a 太陽光発電モジュール
7b 太陽熱収集器
8 太陽熱収集器
8a パイプ
8b 前面ガラス
8c 背面断熱材料
10 コア材料層
11、70 屋根
12 建築物
20 強化ガラス繊維(bss)層
28、29、31、33、90 SISBE
30 サンドイッチ構造
40、41、43 複合構造
50、50a 防水箔
61、62 棒材
80、81 ジャンクションボックス
100 パネル
105 壁部材
Claims (55)
- 建築のための実質的に2次元の建築部材であって、前記建築部材の第一の表面に沿って延びて前記建築部材の第一の表面を規定し、太陽エネルギーの変換を供する太陽エネルギー変換部と、
前記建築部材の第二の表面に沿って延びて前記建築部材の第二の表面を規定し、建築の要件を提供する建築物の構造部材と、を備え、
前記変換部の少なくとも一部が前記構造部材の少なくとも一部と統合され、前記統合された部品が前記太陽エネルギー変換及び前記建築の要件に共に貢献することを特徴とする、実質的に2次元の建築部材。 - 前記建築の要件が、少なくとも部分的に、断熱性、機械的な強度及び/または剛性を含む建築物の建築の要件を備える、請求項1に記載の建築部材。
- 前記建築部材が、太陽に面した表面に、少なくとも部分的に、反対側の面に配置された建築物の構造部材としてのサンドイッチ構造と統合された、太陽エネルギー変換部としての太陽モジュールを備える、請求項1または2に記載の建築部材。
- 前記サンドイッチ構造が、前面サンドイッチ材料層、コア材料層及び背面サンドイッチ材料層の少なくとも三層を備える、請求項3に記載の建築部材。
- 前記太陽モジュールが、前記前面サンドイッチ材料である、請求項3に記載の建築部材。
- 前記サンドイッチ構造の層が、化学的に一体に接着されている、請求項3に記載の建築部材。
- 前記サンドイッチ構造の層が、接着剤で一体に接着されている、請求項6に記載の建築部材。
- 前記接着剤が、アクリルまたはエポキシ、またはそれらの組み合わせをベースとする、請求項7に記載の建築部材。
- 前記太陽モジュールが、太陽光発電セルを備える、請求項3に記載の建築部材。
- 前記太陽光発電セルが、薄膜太陽光発電セルを備える、請求項9に記載の建築部材。
- 前記太陽光発電セルが、バルク材料太陽光発電セルを備える、請求項9に記載の建築部材。
- 前記太陽光発電セルが、有機材料太陽光発電セルを備える、請求項9に記載の建築部材。
- 前記太陽モジュールが、太陽熱収集器を備える、請求項3に記載の建築部材。
- 前記太陽モジュールが、ペルチェ素子を備える、請求項3に記載の建築部材。
- 前記太陽モジュールが、薄膜太陽光発電セル、バルク太陽光発電セル、太陽熱収集器及び/またはペルチェ素子を備える、請求項3に記載の建築部材。
- 前記コア材料が少なくとも発泡材を備える、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記発泡材がガラス発泡材、ポリプロピレン発泡材、強化発泡材、PMI発泡材、PUR発泡材、PEEK発泡材、共重合発泡材、スチレンベース発泡材、またはそれらの組み合わせのいずれかを備える、請求項16に記載の建築部材。
- 前記コア材料が、少なくともハニカム構造を備える、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記ハニカム構造が、少なくとも紙フェノールハニカム、ポリプロピレンハニカムまたはそれらの組み合わせを備える、請求項18に記載の建築部材。
- 前記コア材料が、3次元織物、グラスウールまたはそれらの組み合わせを備える、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記コア材料が、発泡材、ハニカム構造、織物及び/またはグラスウールのうち少なくとも二つの組み合わせを備える、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記前面サンドイッチ材料層及び前記背面サンドイッチ材料層の少なくとも一つが複合材材料を備える、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記複合材材料が、強化部材として、ガラス繊維、麻繊維、玄武岩繊維またはそれらの組み合わせのうち少なくとも一つを用いる、請求項22に記載の建築部材。
- 前記複合材材料が、母材として、ポリプロピレン、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂またはそれらの組み合わせのうち少なくとも一つを用いる、請求項22に記載の建築部材。
- 前記前面サンドイッチ材料層及び前記背面サンドイッチ材料層の少なくとも一つが、アルミニウム及び/またはガラス板を備える、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記背面サンドイッチ材料層が、100μmから1cm、好適には0.25mmから5mm、最も好適には0.5mmから2.5mmの間の厚さを有する、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記コア材料層が、20mmから100cm、好適には30mmから50cm、最も好適には50mmから30cmの間の厚さを有する、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記前面サンドイッチ材料層が、100μmから1cm、好適には0.25mmから5mm、最も好適には0.5mmから2.5mmの間の厚さを有する、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記前面サンドイッチ材料層及び前記背面サンドイッチ材料層が、同一の材料を備える、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記サンドイッチ層が、熱及び/または圧力を用いて積層される、請求項4に記載の建築部材。
- 前記建築部材の表面が、10cm2から100m2、好適には2500cm2から10m2、最も好適には5000cm2から6m2の間である、請求項1に記載の建築部材。
- 前記建築部材が、前記太陽光発電セルによって生成された電気を集めるためのジャンクションボックス及び接続ケーブル用の手段を提供する、請求項9から12、または請求項14から15のいずれか一項に記載の建築部材。
- 前記建築部材が、前記建築部材内に蓄積された熱を除去し、利用することができる液体を含むパイプ用の手段を提供する、請求項9から15のいずれか一項に記載の建築部材。
- 前記ジャンクションボックス、前記接続ケーブル、及び液体を含む前記パイプが、どちらの場合においても、それぞれ、前記コア材料の内部、最も好適には発泡材ベースのコア材料の内部に少なくとも一部が配置される請求項32または33のいずれか一項に記載の建築部材。
- 10MPaから10GPaの間のヤング率を有する発泡材材料の平板と、
前記平板の第一の表面に接着された複合材材料と、
前記第一の表面とは反対側の前記平板の第二の表面に接着された太陽変換パネルと、を備える建築物外装表面部材。 - 発泡材材料の前記平板の厚さが、20mmから100cm、好適には30mmから50cm、最も好適には50mmから30cmの厚さを有する、請求項35に記載の建築物部材。
- 熱伝導定数が0.001W/mKから0.1W/mKの間である、請求項35または36のいずれか一項に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記平板の表面の一方向における最大の長さが、少なくとも70cmである、請求項35から37のいずれか一項に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記建築物部材が追加的な複合材材料層を備える、請求項35から38のいずれか一項に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記追加的な複合材材料層が、前記平板と前記太陽変換パネルとの間に備えられる、請求項39に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記建築物部材が、太陽変換パネルとして、薄膜ベースの太陽光発電モジュール、バルク材料ベースの太陽光発電モジュール、有機太陽光発電モジュール、太陽熱収集器、ハイブリッドモジュール、ペルチェ素子またはそれらの組み合わせのいずれかを備える、請求項35から40のいずれか一項に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記建築物部材が、発泡材の平板として、ガラス発泡材、ポリプロピレン発泡材、強化発泡材、PMI発泡材、PUR発泡材、PEEK発泡材、共重合体発泡材、スチレンベース発泡材またはそれらの組み合わせのいずれかを備える、請求項35から41のいずれか一項に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記建築物部材の発泡材の平板、太陽光発電モジュール及び複合材材料層が、特に接着剤及び/または熱融着により化学的に接着された、請求項35から41のいずれか一項に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記建築物部材が、アクリルベース、エポキシベース接着剤またはそれらの組み合わせによって接着された、請求項43に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記複合材材料が、強化部材として、ガラス繊維、麻繊維、玄武岩繊維またはそれらの組み合わせのうち少なくとも一つを用いる、請求項35から44のいずれか一項に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記複合材材料が、母材として、ポリプロピレン、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂またはそれらの組み合わせのうち少なくとも一つを用いる、請求項35から44のいずれか一項に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記建築物部材が、前記発泡材の平板の内部に少なくとも一部が好適に配置された冷却手段を備える、請求項35から46のいずれか一項に記載の建築物部材。
- 前記冷却手段が、前記建築物部材内、好適には前記発泡材平板の内部に少なくとも一部が配置されて提供される空洞であって、熱を伝導できるように前記空洞内を流体が通過する、請求項47に記載の建築物部材。
- 専用の支持構造と、
前記建築物の内装への水の侵入を防止し、及び/または建築物の外部への水蒸気をフィルタできるメンブレンと、
少なくとも一つの前記建築物部材と専用の垂木とを固定する手段と、を含む、請求項1から34のいずれか少なくとも一項に記載の少なくとも一つの建築物部材が含まれる、建築表面。 - 例えばグラスウールのような追加的な絶縁手段が提供される、請求項49に記載の建築表面。
- 前記建築物部材が、少なくとも二つであり、前記建築表面が、前記建築物部材をたがいに固定し及び/または密閉する手段を備える、請求項49に記載の建築表面。
- 前記建築物部材が、互いに、建築物部材の一端部を隣接した建築物部材の端部上に配置することにより、表面を規定する太陽変換部上を水が排水されるように配置される、請求項51に記載の建築表面。
- 太陽エネルギー変換特性を有しないダミー建築物部材または標準的な屋根構造もまた前記建築表面に含まれる、請求項49に記載の建築表面。
- 水を防止する前記メンブレンまたは固定及び/または密閉する前記手段がポリエチレン及び/またはポリシロキサンベースの複合材を備える、請求項49から53のいずれか一項に記載の建築表面。
- 請求項1から54のいずれか一項に記載の、建築物外装表面部材、建築表面、建築部材のうち少なくとも一つを有する外装表面を備える建築物。
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US28740709P | 2009-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | |
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PCT/EP2010/069864 WO2011073303A2 (en) | 2009-12-17 | 2010-12-16 | Substantially two-dimensional construction element |
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KR (1) | KR101752021B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN102714246B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112012014940A2 (ja) |
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JP2020060361A (ja) * | 2018-10-10 | 2020-04-16 | 鈴木 淳史 | 太陽熱発電装置 |
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- 2010-12-16 JP JP2012543741A patent/JP5964237B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-16 CN CN201610328037.6A patent/CN105890181B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-16 BR BR112012014940A patent/BR112012014940A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CH704555B1 (de) | 2013-06-14 |
WO2011073303A3 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
WO2011073303A2 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
KR101752021B1 (ko) | 2017-06-28 |
KR20120094515A (ko) | 2012-08-24 |
EP2513974A2 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
CN105890181B (zh) | 2018-05-15 |
BR112012014940A2 (pt) | 2016-04-05 |
US20120260587A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
US20170077865A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
CN102714246A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
CN105890181A (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
US9151517B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
US9590556B1 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
JP5964237B2 (ja) | 2016-08-03 |
CN102714246B (zh) | 2016-05-25 |
JP2016169602A (ja) | 2016-09-23 |
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