JP2013504737A - 炭化水素ガス流から酸性ガスを除去する極低温システム - Google Patents
炭化水素ガス流から酸性ガスを除去する極低温システム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年9月9日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/240,850号(発明の名称:Cryogenic System for Removing Acid Gases From a Hydrocarbon Gas Stream, With Solid CO2 Recovery)の権益主張出願であり、米国特許仮出願を参照により引用し、その記載内容全体を本明細書の一部とする。
本明細書で用いられる「炭化水素」という用語は、主として元素としての水素及び炭素(これらが全てであるというわけではない)を含む有機化合物を意味している。炭化水素は、一般に、2つの種類、即ち、脂肪族又は直鎖炭化水素及び環状テルペンを含む環状又は閉リング炭化水素に分類される。炭化水素含有物質の例としては、任意形式の天然ガス、石油、石炭及び燃料として使用でき又は燃料にアップグレードできるビチューメンが挙げられる。
図1は、一実施形態において本発明と関連して使用可能な極低温蒸留塔100の略図である。極低温蒸留塔100を本明細書においては、互換的に「極低温蒸留塔」「カラム」、「CFZカラム」又は「スプリッタータワー」と称する場合がある。
酸性ガス注入又は処分のためには比較的純粋なCO2が望ましいので、凍結CO2を分離するためには酸性ガス富化又は濃縮プロセス又は他の精製法が望ましい。この分離は、制御凍結ゾーン108の底部のところ又は下方蒸留ゾーン106の頂部のところで行われるべきである。かくして、CO2を溶解させ(そして、液体H2S及び重炭化水素成分と再混合し)そして重力の作用で液相成分を下方蒸留ゾーン106を通って落下させるのではなく、本発明では、メルトトレー130に代えてコレクタトレーを用いることを提案する。コレクタトレーは、制御凍結ゾーン108から硬化‐液スラリの形態で沈殿物を受け入れる。固‐液スラリは、コレクタトレー上に集められ、そして次の処理のために極低温蒸留塔から取り出される。
追加のCO2除去を実施することができる。例えば、ボックス935の分離ステップは、低温二酸化炭素流を用いて第2のフィルタケークを濯ぎ洗いし、第2のフィルタケークを混合して固‐液スラリを生じさせ、そして固‐液スラリを更に第3のフィルタに送るステップを更に含むのが良い。これにより、主として固体二酸化炭素で構成された第3のフィルタケーク及びこの場合も又液相のメタン、硫化水素及び二酸化炭素を含む第3の濾液が生じる。
Claims (53)
- 原料ガス流から酸性ガスを除去するシステムであって、
極低温蒸留塔であって、主としてメタンで構成された低温液体スプレーを受け入れる制御凍結ゾーンを有し、前記原料ガス流を受け入れ、次に該原料ガス流をオーバーヘッドメタン流と沈殿二酸化炭素で構成された実質的に固形の物質に分離する蒸留塔と、
前記極低温蒸留塔の下流側に設けられ、前記オーバーヘッドメタン流を冷却し、該オーバーヘッドメタン流の一部分を前記低温液体スプレーとして前記極低温蒸留塔に戻す冷凍設備と、
前記制御凍結ゾーンの下に設けられ、前記実質的に固形の物質が前記制御凍結ゾーン内に沈殿しているときに前記実質的に固形の物質を受け入れ、該実質的に固形の物質を前記極低温蒸留塔から出るよう差し向けるコレクタトレーと、
前記実質的に固形の物質を受け入れて該実質的に固形の物質を主として二酸化炭素で構成された固体成分とメタンで構成された非固形物に分離する第1のフィルタと、
前記非固形物の少なくとも一部分を前記極低温蒸留塔に戻す液体還流ラインと、を備えている、
ことを特徴とするシステム。 - 前記コレクタトレーは、前記沈殿した実質的に固形の物質が落下して入る立下り管を有する、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記コレクタトレーは、前記実質的に固形の物質を(i)重力流により、(ii)機械的並進装置の作動により、(iii)前記低温液体スプレーの一部分を前記コレクタトレー中に吹き込んで前記実質的に固形の物質に吹き付けることにより、又は(iv)これらの組み合わせによって前記極低温蒸留塔から出るよう差し向ける、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記コレクタトレーは、前記沈殿した実質的に固形の物質が落下して入る立下り管を有し、
前記機械的並進装置は、オーガであり、
前記オーガは、前記立下り管内に配置されている、
請求項3記載のシステム。 - 前記極低温蒸留塔は、前記制御凍結ゾーンの上に位置した上方精留ゾーン及び前記制御凍結ゾーンの下に位置した下方蒸留ゾーンを更に有し、
前記極低温蒸留塔は、原料ガス流を前記下方蒸留ゾーン中に受け入れさせるよう構成されている、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記極低温蒸留塔は、ボトム流を前記下方蒸留ゾーンから放出するよう構成され、前記ボトム流は、液相の酸性ガスを含み、
前記液体戻りラインは、前記第1の液状物質の少なくとも一部分を前記下方蒸留ゾーンに戻す、
請求項5記載のシステム。 - 前記ボトム供給流は、二酸化炭素、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、硫化水素、芳香族炭化水素又はこれらの組み合わせを実質的に液相の状態で含む、
請求項6記載のシステム。 - 前記第1のフィルタは、(i)多孔質濾過材、(ii)1つ又は2つ以上のフィルタプレス、(iii)1つ又は2つ以上のベルトプレス、(iv)ハイドロサイクロン、(v)遠心分離器又は(vi)これらの組み合わせを有する、
請求項6記載のシステム。 - 前記コレクタトレーは、約−70°F〜−80°F(−56.7℃〜−62.2℃)の温度で動作する、
請求項6記載のシステム。 - 前記第1のフィルタからの前記固体成分は、第1のフィルタケークであり、
前記第1のフィルタからの前記液状物質は、第1の濾液である、
請求項8記載のシステム。 - 低温二酸化炭素流を用いて前記第1のフィルタケークを濯ぎ洗いし、第1の固‐液スラリを生じさせる濯ぎ洗い容器を更に有する、
請求項10記載のシステム。 - 前記濯ぎ洗い容器は、前記第1のフィルタケークを混合して前記第1の固‐液スラリを生じさせるミキサを有する、
請求項11記載のシステム。 - 多孔質濾過材を有する第2のフィルタを更に有し、前記第2のフィルタは、前記第1の固‐液スラリを受け入れて主として固体二酸化炭素で構成された第2のフィルタケーク及びメタンを含む液相の第2の濾液を生じさせる、
請求項11記載のシステム。 - 前記システムは、前記第1の濾液と前記第2の濾液を組み合わせ、前記組み合わせ状態の第1の濾液と第2の濾液を液状物質として前記下方蒸留ゾーンに戻すよう構成されている、
請求項13記載のシステム。 - 前記第1の濾液は、メタン、二酸化炭素、硫化水素又はこれらの組み合わせを更に含む、
請求項14記載のシステム。 - 主として最終段フィルタケークから取り出された実質的に固形の物質を温めて実質的に純粋な二酸化炭素流を液相の状態で生じさせるよう構成された熱交換器を更に有し、
前記低温二酸化炭素流は、前記実質的に純粋な二酸化炭素流の一部分を含む、
請求項11記載のシステム。 - 前記最終段フィルタケークは、前記第1のフィルタ、第2のフィルタ又は第3のフィルタ後に生じる、
請求項16記載のシステム。 - 前記原料ガス流は、硫化水素を含み、
前記システムは、前記原料ガス流を前記極低温蒸留塔中に注入する前に前記原料ガス流から前記硫化水素の相当な部分を除去するよう構成された硫化水素除去システムを更に有する、
請求項5記載のシステム。 - 前記極低温蒸留塔は、前記制御凍結ゾーンの上に位置した上方精留ゾーンを更に有し、
前記極低温蒸留塔は、前記原料ガス流を前記制御凍結ゾーン中に受け入れさせるよう構成されている、
請求項1記載のシステム。 - 前記第1のフィルタは、多孔質濾過材、1つ又は2つ以上のフィルタプレス、1つ又は2つ以上のベルトプレス、ハイドロサイクロン、遠心分離器又はこれらの組み合わせを有する、
請求項19記載のシステム。 - 前記コレクタトレーは、約−70°F〜−80°F(−56.7℃〜−62.2℃)の温度で動作する、
請求項19記載のシステム。 - 前記第1のフィルタからの前記固体成分は、第1のフィルタケークであり、
前記第1のフィルタからの前記液状物質は、第1の濾液である、
請求項19記載のシステム。 - 低温二酸化炭素流を用いて前記第1のフィルタケークを濯ぎ洗いし、第1の固‐液スラリを生じさせる濯ぎ洗い容器を更に有する、
請求項22記載のシステム。 - 前記濯ぎ洗い容器は、前記第1のフィルタケークを混合して前記第1の固‐液スラリを生じさせるミキサを有する、
請求項23記載のシステム。 - 多孔質濾過材を有する第2のフィルタを更に有し、前記第2のフィルタは、前記第1の固‐液スラリを受け入れて主として固体二酸化炭素で構成された第2のフィルタケーク及びメタンを含む液相の第2の濾液を生じさせる、
請求項24記載のシステム。 - 前記液体戻りラインは、前記原料ガス流が前記極低温蒸留塔中に注入される前に、前記第2の液状物質の少なくとも一部分と前記原料ガス流を合流させる、
請求項25記載のシステム。 - 前記第2の濾液を受け入れて二酸化炭素、H2S又はこれらの組み合わせを液相の状態で含むボトム液体流及び回収メタン流を生じさせるよう構成された蒸留分離器を更に有し、前記回収メタン流は、前記オーバーヘッドメタン流と組み合わされる、
請求項26記載のシステム。 - 前記第1の濾液及び前記ボトム液体流は各々、硫化水素を更に含む、
請求項27記載のシステム。 - 主として最終段フィルタケークから取り出された実質的に固形の物質を温めて実質的に純粋な二酸化炭素流を液相の状態で生じさせるよう構成された熱交換器を更に有し、
前記低温二酸化炭素流は、前記実質的に純粋な二酸化炭素流の一部分を含む、
請求項25記載のシステム。 - 前記最終段フィルタケークは、前記第2のフィルタ又は前記第3のフィルタ内に生じる、
請求項29記載のシステム。 - 脱水原料ガス流から酸性ガスを除去する方法であって、
極低温蒸留塔を用意するステップを有し、前記極低温蒸留塔は、主としてメタンで構成された低温液体スプレーを受け入れる制御凍結ゾーン及び前記制御凍結ゾーンの下に位置したコレクタトレーを有し、さらに、
前記原料ガス流を前記極低温蒸留塔中に注入するステップと、
原料ガス流を冷やして前記原料ガス流内の二酸化炭素が実質的に固形の物質として前記コレクタトレー上に沈殿するようにする一方でメタンが実質的に蒸発してオーバーヘッドメタン流として前記極低温蒸留塔から出ることができるようにするステップと、
前記オーバーヘッドメタン流を前記極低温蒸留塔の下流側に位置した冷凍システム中に通すステップとを備え、前記冷凍システムは、前記オーバーヘッドメタン流を冷凍し、さらに、
前記冷却されたオーバーヘッドメタン流の一部分を液体還流として前記極低温蒸留塔に戻して前記低温液体スプレーとして役立つようにするステップと、
前記極低温蒸留塔から前記実質的に固形の物質をスラリとして除去するステップと、
前記実質的に固形の物質を主として二酸化炭素で構成された固形物及びメタンを含む液状物質に分離するステップと、
前記液状物質の少なくとも一部分を前記極低温蒸留塔に戻すステップと、を備えている、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記コレクタトレーは、前記沈殿した実質的に固形の物質が落下して入る立下り管及び前記立下り管内に設けられた機械的並進装置を有し、
極低温蒸留塔から前記実質的に固形の物質を除去するステップは、前記機械的並進装置を作動させて前記実質的に固形の物質を前記立下り管から動かして前記極低温蒸留塔から出すステップを含む、
請求項31記載の方法。 - 前記コレクタトレーは、前記沈殿した実質的に固形の物質が落下して入る立下り管を有し、
前記コレクタトレーは、前記実質的に固形の物質を(i)重力流により、(ii)機械的並進装置の作動により、(iii)前記低温液体スプレーの一部分を前記コレクタトレー中に吹き込んで前記実質的に固形の物質に吹き付けることにより、又は(iv)これらの組み合わせによって前記極低温蒸留塔から出るよう差し向ける、
請求項31記載の方法。 - 前記極低温蒸留塔は、前記制御凍結ゾーンの上に位置した上方精留ゾーン及び前記制御凍結ゾーンの下に位置した下方蒸留ゾーンを更に有し、
前記原料ガス流は、前記下方蒸留ゾーン内に注入される、
請求項31記載の方法。 - 前記下方蒸留塔からボトム流を放出するステップを更に有し、前記ボトム流は、酸性ガスを液相の状態で含み、
前記液状物質の少なくとも一部分を前記極低温蒸留塔に戻すステップは、前記液状物質を前記下方蒸留塔に送り出すステップを含む、
請求項34記載の方法。 - 前記ボトム流は、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、硫化水素、二酸化炭素又はこれらの組み合わせを実質的に液相の状態で含む、
請求項35記載の方法。 - 前記実質的に固形の物質を主として二酸化炭素で構成された固体成分及び主としてメタンで構成された液状物質に分離するステップは、前記実質的に固形の物質を第1のフィルタに通し、それにより主として固体二酸化炭素で構成された第1のフィルタケーク及びメタン及び二酸化炭素を液相の状態で含む第1の濾液を生じさせるステップを含む、
請求項34記載の方法。 - 前記分離ステップは、
低温二酸化炭素流を用いて前記第1のフィルタケークを濯ぎ洗いするステップと、
前記第1のフィルタケークを混合して第1の固‐液スラリを生じさせるステップと、
前記第1の固‐液スラリを第2のフィルタに送り出し、それにより主として固体二酸化炭素で構成された第2のフィルタケーク及びメタンを液相の状態で含む第2の濾液を生じさせるステップとを更に含む、
請求項37記載の方法。 - 前記第1の濾液と前記第2の濾液を組み合わすステップを更に有し、
前記下方蒸留ゾーンに戻された前記第2の液状物質は、前記組み合わせ状態の第1の濾液と第2の濾液を含む、
請求項38記載の方法。 - 前記分離ステップは、
低温二酸化炭素流を用いて前記第2のフィルタケークを濯ぎ洗いするステップと、
前記第2のフィルタケークを混合して第3の固‐液スラリを生じさせるステップと、
前記第3の固‐液スラリを第3のフィルタに送り出し、それにより主として固体二酸化炭素で構成された第3のフィルタケーク及びメタンを液相の状態で含む第3の濾液を生じさせるステップとを更に含む、
請求項37記載の方法。 - 主として最終段フィルタケークから取られた実質的に固形の物質を温めて実質的に純粋な二酸化炭素流を液相の状態で生じさせるステップを更に有し、
前記低温二酸化炭素流は、前記実質的に純粋な二酸化炭素流の一部分を含む、
請求項37記載の方法。 - 前記実質的に固形の物質を温める前記ステップは、主として前記最終段フィルタケークから取られた前記実質的に固形の物質を熱交換器に通して熱が前記原料ガス流と交換されるようにするステップを含む、
請求項41記載の方法。 - 前記第1のフィルタは、多孔質濾過材又は遠心機を有する、
請求項37記載の方法。 - 前記脱水原料ガス流は、硫化水素を含み、
前記方法は、前記原料ガス流を前記極低温蒸留塔中に注入する前に、前記原料ガス流から前記硫化水素の相当な部分を除去するステップを更に有する、
請求項37記載の方法。 - 前記極低温蒸留塔は、前記中間制御凍結ゾーンの上に位置した上方精留ゾーンを更に有し、
前記原料ガス流は、前記制御凍結ゾーン中に注入される、
請求項31記載の方法。 - 前記実質的に固形の物質を主として二酸化炭素で構成された第1の固形物及び主としてメタンで構成された第2の液状物質に分離する前記ステップは、前記実質的に固形の物質を第1のフィルタに通し、それにより主として固体二酸化炭素で構成された第1のフィルタケーク及びメタン及び二酸化炭素を液相の状態で含む第1の濾液を生じさせるステップを含む、
請求項45記載の方法。 - 前記第2の液状物質の少なくとも一部分を前記極低温蒸留塔に戻す前記ステップは、(i)前記第1の濾液を直接前記制御凍結ゾーン中に注入して戻すステップ又は(ii)前記原料ガス流が前記極低温蒸留塔に注入される前に前記第1の濾液と前記原料ガス流を合流させるステップを含む、
請求項46記載の方法。 - 前記分離ステップは、
低温二酸化炭素流を用いて前記第1のフィルタケークを濯ぎ洗いするステップと、
前記第1のフィルタケークを混合して第1の固‐液スラリを生じさせるステップと、
前記第1の固‐液スラリを第2のフィルタに送り出し、それにより主として固体二酸化炭素で構成された第2のフィルタケーク及びメタン、二酸化炭素及び硫化水素を液相の状態で含む第2の濾液を生じさせるステップとを更に含む、
請求項45記載の方法。 - 前記分離ステップは、
低温二酸化炭素流を用いて前記第2のフィルタケークを濯ぎ洗いするステップと、
前記第2のフィルタケークを混合して第3の固‐液スラリを生じさせるステップと、
前記第3の固‐液スラリを第3のフィルタに送り出し、それにより主として固体二酸化炭素で構成された第3のフィルタケーク及びメタン、二酸化炭素及び硫化水素を液相の状態で含む第3の濾液を生じさせるステップとを更に含む、
請求項48記載の方法。 - 前記第2の濾液と前記第3の濾液を組み合わすステップと、
前記第2の濾液及び前記第3の濾液を蒸留分離器中に注入し、それにより主として液相の二酸化炭素で構成されたボトム液体流及び回収メタン流を生じさせるステップと、
前記極低温蒸留塔からの前記オーバーヘッドメタン流を前記回収メタン流と組み合わすステップとを更に有する、
請求項49記載の方法。 - 主として最終段フィルタケークから取られた実質的に固形の物質を温めて実質的に純粋な二酸化炭素流を液相の状態で生じさせるステップを更に有し、
前記低温二酸化炭素流は、前記実質的に純粋な二酸化炭素流の一部分を含む、
請求項46記載の方法。 - 前記実質的に固形の物質を温める前記ステップは、主として前記最終段フィルタケークから取られた前記実質的に固形の物質を熱交換器に通して熱が前記原料ガス流と交換されるようにするステップを含む、
請求項51記載の方法。 - 前記第1のフィルタは、多孔質濾過材又は遠心機を有する、
請求項46記載の方法。
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EA024440B1 (ru) | 2016-09-30 |
MX338686B (es) | 2016-04-27 |
SG178261A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
EP2475943A4 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
CN102483300B (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
CN102483300A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
EA201270395A1 (ru) | 2012-08-30 |
US20120125043A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
SG10201404635RA (en) | 2014-10-30 |
MY161120A (en) | 2017-04-14 |
MX2012002503A (es) | 2012-05-29 |
CA2771566C (en) | 2017-07-18 |
JP5791609B2 (ja) | 2015-10-07 |
CA2771566A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
AR078001A1 (es) | 2011-10-05 |
AU2010307274B2 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
BR112012004852A2 (pt) | 2016-04-12 |
US10222121B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
WO2011046658A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
EP2475943A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
AU2010307274A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
US20160040930A1 (en) | 2016-02-11 |
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