JP2013177613A - 液晶媒体 - Google Patents
液晶媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013177613A JP2013177613A JP2013095245A JP2013095245A JP2013177613A JP 2013177613 A JP2013177613 A JP 2013177613A JP 2013095245 A JP2013095245 A JP 2013095245A JP 2013095245 A JP2013095245 A JP 2013095245A JP 2013177613 A JP2013177613 A JP 2013177613A
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000003302 alkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 oxaalkyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005407 trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 0 *c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(F)c(*c2cc(F)c(*)cc2)c(F)c1 Chemical compound *c(cc1)ccc1-c1cc(F)c(*c2cc(F)c(*)cc2)c(F)c1 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HNEGJTWNOOWEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoropropane Chemical group [CH2]CCF HNEGJTWNOOWEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUXIEQKHXAYAHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carbonitrile Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C#N)CCCCC1 AUXIEQKHXAYAHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004777 2-fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006043 5-hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000620457 Telestes souffia Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010047571 Visual impairment Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003098 cholesteric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004216 fluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/42—Mixtures of liquid crystal compounds covered by two or more of the preceding groups C09K19/06 - C09K19/40
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/30—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3001—Cyclohexane rings
- C09K19/3003—Compounds containing at least two rings in which the different rings are directly linked (covalent bond)
- C09K2019/3021—Cy-Ph-Ph-Cy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
−広くなったネマチック相範囲(特に、低い温度まで)
−極度に低い温度でのスイッチ能力(屋外用途、自動車、航空工学)
−紫外線照射に対する増大された抵抗(より長い寿命)。
Aは、1,4−フェニレンまたはトランス−1,4−シクロヘキシレンであり、
aは、0または1であり、
R3は、2〜9個の炭素原子を有するアルケニル基であり、および
R4は、1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基で、該基は無置換、CNまたはCF3で一置換またはハロゲンで少なくとも一置換されており、ただし、1個以上のCH2基は、それぞれの場合で互いに独立に、O原子が互いに直接結合しないようにして、−O−、−S−、
R0は、それぞれ9個までの炭素原子を有するn−アルキル、アルコキシ、オキサアルキル、フルオロアルキルまたはアルケニルであり、
X0は、F、Cl、1〜6個の炭素原子を有するハロゲン化アルキル、ハロゲン化アルケニル、ハロゲン化アルケニルオキシまたはハロゲン化アルコキシであり、
Z0は、−C2H4−、−(CH2)4−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−C2F4−、−CH2CF2−、−CF2CH2−、−CH2O−、−OCH2−、−COO−、−OCF2−または−CF2O−であり、
Z0’は、−C2H4−、−(CH2)4−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−C2F4−、−CH2CF2−、−CF2CH2−、−CH2O−、−OCH2−、−COO−、−OCF2−または−CF2O−または単結合であり、
Y1〜Y4は、互いに独立に、HまたはFであり、
rは、0または1であり、
R3は、式II中で定義される通りであり、
Qは、CF2、OCF2、CFH、OCFHまたは単結合であり、
Yは、FまたはClであり、および
L1およびL2は、それぞれ互いに独立に、HまたはFである。
比較例1の混合物中の4環アルキル化合物CBC−nmを、本発明による式Iの4環アルケニル化合物CPPC−V−Vにより置き換える。透明温度を維持できる一方で、生じる混合物の回転粘度は比較例1の混合物より5%低い。
比較例1の混合物中の4環アルキル化合物CBC−nmを、本発明による式Iの4環アルケニル化合物CPPC−V−Vにより置き換える。透明温度を維持できる一方で、生じる混合物の回転粘度は比較例1の混合物より5%低い。
比較例2の混合物中の4環アルキル化合物CBC−nmを、本発明による式Iの4環アルケニル化合物CPPC−V−Vにより置き換える。透明温度を殆ど維持できる一方で、生じる混合物の回転粘度は比較例2の混合物より4%低い。
Claims (10)
- 式IIの1種類以上の化合物を付加的に含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の媒体。
Aは、1,4−フェニレンまたはトランス−1,4−シクロヘキシレンであり、
aは、0または1であり、
R3は、2〜9個の炭素原子を有するアルケニル基であり、および
R4は、1〜12個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基で、該基は無置換、CNまたはCF3で一置換またはハロゲンで少なくとも一置換されており、ただし、1個以上のCH2基は、それぞれの場合で互いに独立に、O原子が互いに直接結合しないようにして、−O−、−S−、
- 一般式III、IV、V、VIおよびVIIからなる群より選択される1種類以上の化合物を付加的に含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の媒体。
R0は、それぞれ9個までの炭素原子を有するn−アルキル、アルコキシ、オキサアルキル、フルオロアルキルまたはアルケニル、アルケニルオキシであり、
X0は、F、Cl、1〜6個の炭素原子を有するハロゲン化アルキル、ハロゲン化アルケニル、ハロゲン化アルケニルオキシまたはハロゲン化アルコキシであり、
Z0は、−C2H4−、−(CH2)4−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−C2F4−、−CH2CF2−、−CF2CH2−、−CH2O−、−OCH2−、−COO−、−OCF2−または−CF2O−であり、
Z0’は、−C2H4−、−(CH2)4−、−CH=CH−、−CF=CF−、−C2F4−、−CH2CF2−、−CF2CH2−、−CH2O−、−OCH2−、−COO−、−OCF2−、−CF2O−または単結合であり、
Y1〜Y4は、互いに独立に、HまたはFであり、
rは、0または1であり、および
- 該媒体中の式Iの化合物の割合は、混合物全体を基礎として1〜15重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1〜7の一項以上に記載の媒体。
- 電気光学的目的のための請求項1〜8の一項以上に記載の液晶媒体の使用。
- 請求項1〜8の一項以上に記載の液晶媒体を含有する電気光学的液晶ディスプレイ。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06014805.3 | 2006-07-17 | ||
EP06014805 | 2006-07-17 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009519846A Division JP5562639B2 (ja) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | 液晶媒体 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2013177613A true JP2013177613A (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
JP5738920B2 JP5738920B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
Family
ID=38566825
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009519846A Expired - Fee Related JP5562639B2 (ja) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | 液晶媒体 |
JP2013095245A Expired - Fee Related JP5738920B2 (ja) | 2006-07-17 | 2013-04-30 | 液晶媒体 |
JP2013095244A Expired - Fee Related JP5738919B2 (ja) | 2006-07-17 | 2013-04-30 | 液晶媒体 |
Family Applications Before (1)
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JP2009519846A Expired - Fee Related JP5562639B2 (ja) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-07-16 | 液晶媒体 |
Family Applications After (1)
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JP2013095244A Expired - Fee Related JP5738919B2 (ja) | 2006-07-17 | 2013-04-30 | 液晶媒体 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7658978B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2041238B1 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP5562639B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008009398A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TWI509055B (zh) | 2009-05-14 | 2015-11-21 | Jnc Corp | 液晶組成物及液晶顯示元件 |
TWI471293B (zh) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-02-01 | Dainippon Ink & Chemicals | 含氟聯苯之組成物 |
WO2014102971A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-07-03 | Dic株式会社 | フルオロビフェニル含有組成物 |
CN104411799A (zh) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-03-11 | Dic株式会社 | 含有氟联苯的组合物 |
CN116004251A (zh) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-04-25 | 重庆汉朗精工科技有限公司 | 一种含有四环端烯的液晶组合物及其应用 |
Citations (6)
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JPH02104548A (ja) * | 1988-08-15 | 1990-04-17 | F Hoffmann La Roche Ag | アルコキシメチル―及びアルケニロキシメチルシクロヘキサン類 |
WO1997013738A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-04-17 | Chisso Corporation | Derives fluoroalcenyle et compositions de cristaux liquides |
JP2001500894A (ja) * | 1996-09-27 | 2001-01-23 | チッソ株式会社 | アルカジエニル基を側鎖として有する化合物、及びこれを用いた液晶組成物 |
JP2001509788A (ja) * | 1996-08-26 | 2001-07-24 | チッソ株式会社 | フルオロビニル誘導体、液晶組成物、及び液晶表示素子 |
JP2003301179A (ja) * | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-21 | Chisso Corp | 液晶組成物および液晶表示素子 |
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Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4931057A (en) | 1988-03-29 | 1990-06-05 | Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. | Compression anastomosis coupling assembly |
DE10152831B4 (de) | 2000-11-24 | 2011-03-03 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristallines Medium und seine Verwendung |
EP1447435B1 (en) | 2003-02-17 | 2007-10-24 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | 1,4-Di-(trans-4-Cyclohexyl)benzene derivatives and their use in liquid crystal media and liquid crystal devices |
DE102006006116B4 (de) | 2005-02-25 | 2017-07-13 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Flüssigkristallines Medium und seine Verwendung |
JP5154758B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-25 | 2013-02-27 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 液晶媒体 |
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2007
- 2007-07-16 WO PCT/EP2007/006286 patent/WO2008009398A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-07-16 JP JP2009519846A patent/JP5562639B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-07-16 EP EP07786088A patent/EP2041238B1/en active Active
- 2007-07-16 US US12/374,063 patent/US7658978B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-04-30 JP JP2013095245A patent/JP5738920B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-04-30 JP JP2013095244A patent/JP5738919B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH02104548A (ja) * | 1988-08-15 | 1990-04-17 | F Hoffmann La Roche Ag | アルコキシメチル―及びアルケニロキシメチルシクロヘキサン類 |
WO1997013738A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-04-17 | Chisso Corporation | Derives fluoroalcenyle et compositions de cristaux liquides |
JP2001509788A (ja) * | 1996-08-26 | 2001-07-24 | チッソ株式会社 | フルオロビニル誘導体、液晶組成物、及び液晶表示素子 |
JP2001500894A (ja) * | 1996-09-27 | 2001-01-23 | チッソ株式会社 | アルカジエニル基を側鎖として有する化合物、及びこれを用いた液晶組成物 |
JP2003301179A (ja) * | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-21 | Chisso Corp | 液晶組成物および液晶表示素子 |
JP2006503130A (ja) * | 2002-10-15 | 2006-01-26 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフトング | 光安定な液晶媒体 |
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JP5738919B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
US20090230354A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
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JP2013209652A (ja) | 2013-10-10 |
JP5738920B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
EP2041238B1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
WO2008009398A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
US7658978B2 (en) | 2010-02-09 |
JP2009543908A (ja) | 2009-12-10 |
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