JP2013000685A - Method of recovering valuable metal from home appliance - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of recovering valuable metal such as rare metal by efficiently recovering a mounted substrate such as a printed wiring board from a home appliance especially from a small home appliance.SOLUTION: The method of recovering valuable metal includes a crushing process of crushing the home appliance by applying impact; a sieving process of sieving and separating the crushed home appliance; a magnetic force sorting process of sorting the crushed home appliance on a sieve into a magnetically attracting material and a non-magnetically attracting material by magnetic force; an eddy current sorting process of sorting the non-magnetically attracting material by an eddy current and sorting into metal material and non-metal material; a color sorting process of sorting the metal material and non-metal material respectively by color, and sorting the mounted board; and a valuable metal recovering process of separating and sorting the mounted board sorted in the color sorting process into a mounted component and a substrate, and recovering the valuable metal from the mounted component.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for recovering valuable metals from discarded home appliances.

  In recent years, discarded home appliances have been recycled. For example, Patent Document 1 below describes a recycling method for waste home appliances, which aims to recover copper with high efficiency without disassembling and taking out parts using copper wires in advance. Has been.

JP 2001-96261 A

In this way, it is desired to recycle resources in order to use limited resources more efficiently.
In particular, valuable metals such as rare metals, base metals and precious metals (hereinafter “rare metals, etc.”) are valuable resources, and for Japan, which is scarce of underground resources, it is extremely important to ensure their stability. In particular, it is highly concentrated in small household appliances.

  A lot of valuable metals such as rare metals are contained in mounting parts of mounting boards of home appliances, particularly small home appliances. For this reason, in order to collect valuable metals such as rare metals, it is necessary to first collect the mounting substrate. However, at present, the mounting substrate is collected manually, and this collecting operation takes time. In particular, it has been difficult to efficiently recover the mounting substrate from small home appliances.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently recovering a mounting board such as a printed wiring board from home appliances, particularly small home appliances, and recovering a mounting component containing valuable metals such as rare metals in high quality. It is in.

  The valuable metal recovery method of the present invention includes a crushing process for impacting and crushing household appliances, a sieving process for separating the crushed household appliances through a sieve, A magnetic separation process for sorting into a kimono, an eddy current sorting process for sorting the non-magnetic deposit into a metallic object and a non-metallic object, and a color sorting between the metallic object and the non-metallic object, respectively. A color selection step of selecting a mounting substrate, and a valuable metal recovery step of separating and sorting the mounting substrate selected in the color selection step into a mounting component and a substrate, and recovering a valuable metal from the mounting component. And

  The valuable metal recovery method of the present invention is capable of efficiently recovering a mounting board from home appliances, particularly small home appliances such as mobile phones, and recovering mounting components containing valuable metals from the mounting board in high quality. Therefore, it takes about 30 minutes from crushing home appliances to collecting mounted parts.

It is the flowchart figure which showed the valuable metal collection | recovery method of one Embodiment of this invention. It is the sectional side view which showed roughly an example of the parts separator apparatus which can be used at the crushing process of this invention. It is the sectional side view which showed roughly an example of the hammer crusher apparatus which can be used at the crushing process of this invention. It is the perspective view which showed schematically an example of the color sorter which can be used at the color sort process of this invention. It is the flowchart figure which showed an example of the valuable metal collection | recovery process of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of the dry-type specific gravity sorter which can be used by this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of the jig specific gravity sorter which can be used by this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of the wet thin flow sorter which can be used by this invention. In the Example of this invention, it is the graph which showed the tungsten content of the sieving part after a sieving process.

  Hereinafter, the valuable metal collection | recovery method of one Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. The scope of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

  As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 1, the valuable metal recovery method according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a crushing process for impacting and crushing household electrical appliances, a sieving process for separating the crushed household electrical appliances through a sieve, Magnetic separation step of separating the magnetically divided material into a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material; Eddy current selection step of sorting the non-magnetic material into an eddy current and a metallic material and a non-metallic material; Color selection process for selecting non-metallic materials and selecting a mounting board, and separation of the mounting board selected in the color selection process into mounting parts and boards, and recovery of valuable metals from the mounting parts And a recovery step.

  The present invention can use, as home appliances, large home appliances such as refrigerators, televisions, and washing machines, and small home appliances such as mobile phones, and in particular, digital cameras, video cameras, music players, portable DVD players, and portable radios. Small home appliances such as mobile TVs, game machines, electronic dictionaries, calculators, hard disks, mobile phones, and remote controls can be used, and mounting boards are efficiently recovered from these, and mounting components are recovered from the mounting boards. Thus, valuable metals can be recovered. These are preferably discarded household appliances. It is preferable to remove the electric home appliance having a battery before the crushing step. Moreover, although it is preferable to dismantle a household appliance by some manual work etc., you may crush as it is.

The crushing step is a step of crushing the home appliance by applying an impact, and it is preferable to crush until the mounting substrate in the home appliance is separated. The impact can be applied with any one of a hammer, a rotating blade, a chain, a wire and the like.
A rough crusher can be used for this crushing, and a device such as a parts separator or a hammer crusher can be used as the rough crusher.

The parts separator 1 is also called a uniaxial crusher. As schematically shown in FIG. 2, a motor 3 is installed at the center of the bottom of a bottomed cylindrical container 2, and a rotary blade 4 is fixed to the motor 3. The rotating blades 4 and the like are rotated. By introducing the home appliance into this device, the falling home appliance and the rotating rotating blade collide with each other, and the impact can be applied by jumping up the home appliance. By adjusting the rotational speed of the motor, the impact force can be changed. If the rotational speed is increased, the home appliance can be finely crushed.
Specifically, a “parts separator” jointly developed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. and Hirata Kiko can be used as the parts separator, and household appliances can be crushed with rotating blades rotating in the bottom.
When a parts separator is used in the crushing process, the rotational speed of rotating blades, etc. is rotated from 750 rpm to 1500 rpm, preferably from 1000 rpm to 1500 rpm for 20 seconds to 60 seconds. It is preferable to do this.
When the mobile phone is crushed, it is preferable that the rotational speed of a rotary blade or the like is rotated at 750 rpm to 1000 rpm for 20 seconds to 60 seconds, and the input amount is 2.5 kg to 10 kg.

The hammer crusher 5 is also referred to as an impact crusher, and as shown schematically in FIG. 3, a household appliance is uniformly charged into the crushing chamber 6 by a hopper or a supply device above the supply port and is rotated at a high speed. The home appliance can be smashed and crushed continuously by the hammer 7, and the crushed material falls down from the gap of the mesh-shaped screen 8 below.
The particle size of the crushed material can be adjusted by the width of the gap between the screens provided below the crushing chamber. Further, the particle size can be adjusted by sieving the crushed material without using a screen.
As the hammer crusher, specifically, a “hammer crusher” manufactured by Masuno Seisakusho Co., Ltd. can be used, which has 12 rows of plate-type hammers, and the screen mesh can be set to any of 5 mm to 50 mm. Is.
When a hammer crusher is used in the crushing process, it is preferable that the rotation speed of the hammer is 500 rpm to 1000 rpm, the screen mesh is set to 17 mm to 50 mm, and the input amount of the household appliances at that time is 5 kg to 10 kg. .
When crushing a mobile phone, it is preferable to set the number of rotations of the hammer to 500 rpm to 1000 rpm and the screen mesh to 10 mm to 30 mm.

In the sieving step, the home appliances crushed in the crushing step are sieved and selected, and a 10 mm to 50 mm sieve can be used as the sieve, and a 17 mm to 30 mm sieve is particularly preferable. At this time, it is preferable to sort by applying vibration. The mounting substrate is mainly separated on a sieve.
When the mobile phone is separated with a sieve, it is preferably separated with a sieve of 10 mm to 20 mm, particularly 17 mm.

The magnetic separation process is a process of selecting the magnetized product and the non-magnetic product by the magnetic force in the sieving step, and the magnetic product includes iron, stainless steel, etc. used for the exterior, Non-magnetic deposits include copper, aluminum, plastics and the like. The mounting substrate is mainly included in the non-magnetic material.
For the magnetic sorting, a magnetic sorting machine can be used. For example, when a permanent magnet type hanging magnetic sorting machine is used, the magnetic force is 300 G to 700 G, preferably 500 G to 700 G, and a drum type magnetic sorting machine is used. Can be set to 1000G-1500G.
When selecting a mobile phone, it is preferable to set the magnetic force to 200 G to 300 G for the hanging type and 700 G to 1500 G for the drum type.
Specifically, as a magnetic separator, “Hanging Magnetic Separator” or “Drum Separator” manufactured by Elise Japan, Inc. can be used.

  In addition, the sieving portion in the sieving step includes many mounting parts such as vibrators containing valuable metals such as tungsten. It is preferable to classify the crushed household electrical appliances classified under the sieve with a sieve. At this time, it is preferable to classify by using one or a plurality of sieves of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. For example, it is preferable to classify to less than 17 mm, 6 mm or more, less than 6 mm, 3 mm or more, less than 3 mm, 1 mm or more, and less than 1 mm using three types of sieves of 6 mm, 3 mm, and 1 mm. Tungsten is contained in a relatively large amount in the classification of less than 17 mm to 1 mm or more. From this classified product, valuable metals can be recovered by a conventionally known method such as “development of a technology for recovering tungsten or the like from waste carbide tools” developed by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Details of this method are described in Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. HP [URL: http://www.sei.co.jp/newsletter/2011/04/3a.html].

The eddy current sorting step is a step of sorting the non-magnetized material into metals such as copper and aluminum and non-metals such as plastic by eddy current. Mounting boards are often included in both.
For eddy current sorting, an eddy current sorting machine can be used, and the belt speed can be set to 25 m / min to 110 m / min, the drum rotational speed 500 rpm to 2000 rpm, and the magnetic force 1000 G to 5000 G.
When selecting a mobile phone, it is preferable to set a belt speed of 25 m / min to 35 m / min, a drum rotation speed of 900 rpm to 1000 rpm, and a magnetic force of 3000 G.
Specifically, an “aluminum separator” manufactured by Osaka Magnet Roll Co., Ltd. can be used as the eddy current sorter.

In the color selection process, the metal object and non-metal object selected in the eddy current selection process are individually color-sorted, and in the case of metal objects, they are separated into mounting boards and metals such as aluminum. This is a process of sorting into plastics.
A color sorter is preferably used for color sorting. For example, as schematically shown in FIG. 4, the color sorter 9 causes a metal or non-metal sorted in an eddy current process to flow on the conveyor 10, identifies a color with a color sensor 11, and sets a set color. The air nozzle 12 is used to fly away with compressed air, and non-set colors can be selected by blowing them closer without firing compressed air. The color is preferably set to at least two colors of green and brown, which are often used on a mounting board. In addition, it can be set to white or the like. The color to be set is preferably changed depending on the home appliance. For example, in order to collect the mounting board of the mobile phone, it is preferable to set the color to two colors of green and brown.
Specifically, “Celestar” manufactured by Kitagawa Iron Works can be used as the color sorter.

  Through the color selection process, the mounting substrate in the home appliance can be collected. The amount of the mounted substrate collected was about 13 to 16% of the weight of the main body when manually collected, but about 19 to 22% when disassembled with a machine. The increase is a slight contamination, but the substrate recovery rate is 97% or more, which is considered to be a satisfactory value. It takes about 10 to 30 minutes and an average of about 20 minutes from the start of crushing the home appliance to obtaining the mounting substrate, and the time can be greatly shortened compared with the case where it is manually collected.

  The valuable metal recovery step is a step of selecting the mounting substrate selected in the color selection step into a mounting component and a substrate and recovering the valuable metal from the mounting component. For example, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. A separation process in which the mounting substrate selected in the selection process is put into a component peeling apparatus and separated into a substrate and a mounting component, and the mounting component is separated into a heavy product having a high specific gravity and a light specific gravity using a specific gravity sorter. A specific gravity sorting step for sorting into light products.

The separation step is a step of separating the mounting component mounted on the mounting substrate from the mounting substrate to separate the substrate and the mounting component. For example, the mounting substrate is put into a component peeling apparatus and crushed and crushed. The mounting substrate can be separated by sieving. As the component peeling device, the above-described parts separator or the like can be used.
When a part separator is used in the separation process, the number of rotations of the rotating blades is rotated at 1000 rpm to 1800 rpm, particularly 1000 rpm to 1500 rpm for 60 seconds or more, particularly 90 to 240 seconds. 0.5 kg to 10 kg, particularly 4.0 kg to 7.0 kg is preferable.
When separating the mounting substrate of the mobile phone, it is preferable to rotate the rotational speed of the rotating blades and the like at 1000 rpm to 1500 rpm for 100 seconds to 150 seconds, and the input amount is 3 kg to 7 kg.
As the parts separator, for example, “parts separator” jointly developed by Matsushita Electric Industrial and Hirata Kiko can be used.

  The mounting substrate crushed by the component peeling apparatus can be classified into a substrate on the sieve and a mounting component under the sieve by sorting with a mesh sieve of 10 mm to 25 mm, preferably a mesh sieve of 17 mm.

The specific gravity sorting step is a step of sorting the mounted components sorted in the sorting step into heavy products and light products, and it is preferable to use a specific gravity sorter for this sorting. A heavy product and a light product refer to a difference in relative specific gravity. Generally, a heavy product has a bulk specific gravity of about 0.8 to 2.5 g / cm ³ , and a light product has a specific gravity of about 0. .2 to 0.8 g / cm ³ .
Specific gravity sorters can sort mounted parts based on the difference in specific gravity. Specific gravity sorters include dry specific gravity sorters (air table), jig (JIG) sorters and wet thin-flow sorters (water nuggets). Can be used.

The dry specific gravity sorter is also called an air table, and can sort into light products with small specific gravity and heavy products with large specific gravity by vibration and air buoyancy. In more detail, as shown in FIG. By mounting components on a slanted mesh deck, blowing wind from below and applying vibration to the net, light products with low specific gravity are lifted by wind force, so vibrations are not transmitted, and the slope slides down. Since a heavy product having a high specific gravity falls from the left side of FIG. 5 and does not float by the wind force, the vibration is transmitted and the slope rises and falls from the right side of FIG. 5 to be separated.
Specifically, “Air Table SH-4” manufactured by Harada Sangyo Co., Ltd. can be used as the dry specific gravity sorter.
A gravity separation step, in the case of using a dry specific gravity sorter, a wind ^{40m 3} / ^min~80m 3 / min, in particular ^{50m 3} / ^min~65m 3 / min, the inclination angle 10 ° to 20 °, in particular 12.5 ° It is preferable to set to ˜14 ° and a frequency of 50 Hz to 75 Hz, particularly 58 Hz to 60 Hz.
If selecting the phone mount devices, wind ^{50m 3} / ^min~60m 3 / min, the inclination angle 13.5 ° to 14 °, preferably set to frequency 55Hz～65Hz.

The JIG sorter can sort light products with low specific gravity and heavy products with low specific gravity by the buoyancy of water. More specifically, as shown in FIG. By placing a net in the aquarium, mounting components on it, and moving the air in and out, the water in the aquarium is moved up and down, and heavy products with a large specific gravity sink quickly into the water and float up in the upward flow of water Because it is difficult, it gathers downward, and light products with a small specific gravity sink slowly into the water, and it is easy to float with the upward flow of water, so it can gather together and be separated.
As a jig sorter, specifically, “JIG test apparatus RJC-150” manufactured by Nippon Elise Magnetic Co., Ltd. can be used.
When a jig sorter is used in the specific gravity sorting step, it is preferable to set the wave height to 30 mm to 80 mm, particularly 40 mm to 60 mm, and the frequency 20 Hz to 50 Hz, particularly 30 Hz to 40 Hz.
When selecting the mounting parts of the mobile phone, it is preferable to set the frequency to 30 Hz to 40 Hz and the wave height to 40 cm to 50 cm.

The wet thin flow sorter is also called a water nugget and can sort into light products with a small specific gravity and heavy products with a large specific gravity by vibration and water flow. More specifically, as shown in FIG. When mounting components are placed on the oscillating slope and water is flowed from the upstream side, the light product is caused to flow downward by the water flow, and the heavy product is pushed upward by the friction of the slope and separated. Is.
As the wet thin flow sorter, specifically, “WN test apparatus WN-50 type” manufactured by Mitsutoshi Machine Industry Co., Ltd. can be used.
When a wet thin-flow sorter is used for the specific gravity sorting step, the water flow rate is 0.1 m / s to 0.5 m / s, the slope frequency is 40 Hz to 70 Hz, especially 50 Hz, and the slope amplitude is 1 cm to 5 cm. In particular, it is preferably set to 2 cm.
When selecting a mobile phone mounting component, it is possible to set the water flow rate to 0.1 m / s to 0.5 m / s, particularly 0.2 m / s, the slope frequency to 50 Hz, and the slope amplitude to 2 cm. preferable.

In the specific gravity sorting process, before sorting into heavy products and light products with a specific gravity sorter, the mounted parts sorted in the sorting process are classified using one or a plurality of sieves of 0.1 mm to 10 mm. It is preferable to keep it. In this case, it is preferable to classify into three types, a large product, a medium product, and a small product. More specifically, it is preferable to classify the mounted parts into three types using a sieve of 6 mm and 1 mm: a large product of 6 mm or more, a medium product of less than 6 mm, a medium product of 1 mm or more, and a small product of less than 1 mm.
For large-grained parts, we use a dry specific gravity sorter as the specific gravity sorter. For medium-sized parts, we use a jig sorter as a specific gravity sorter. It is preferable to use a wet specific gravity sorter as the machine.

  The heavy products selected in the specific gravity selection step contain high-quality valuable metals such as rare metals such as Ta, Ti, Ni, Nd, W, Ba, Pd, Sb, Nb, and Bi. In particular, medium-sized products and small-sized products of mounted components contain valuable metals such as rare metals with high quality.

  Furthermore, the quality of Ta and the like can be enhanced by acid leaching, separating the residue into a residue and a dissolved component, and removing the dissolved component. As the acid, 2N or more, preferably 3N-6N hydrochloric acid or the like can be used. Prior to acid leaching, heavy products are pulverized with a vibration mill, screened with a 0.5 mm mesh screen, and the sieving portion is acid leached, so that Ta or the like can be included in the residue in high quality.

  The residue contains about 10 to 30 wt% Ta. In addition, valuable metals such as Ti, Ni, Nd, W, Ba, Pd, Sb, Nb, and Bi are included in high quality.

  The valuable metal recovery method of the present invention can recover valuable metals such as rare metals such as Ta, Ti, Ni, Nd, W, Ba, Pd, Sb, Nb and Bi, and is particularly suitable for recovery of Ta. It is.

  Examples of the valuable metal recovery method of the present invention will be described below. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

(Home appliances)
The following was collected as used home appliances.
・ Digital camera ・ Video camera ・ Music player ・ Portable DVD player ・ Portable radio ・ Portable TV
・ Game console ・ Electronic dictionary ・ Calculator ・ Hard disk ・ Mobile phone ・ Remote control

(Crushing process)
Each said household appliance was crushed using the "hammer crusher" by Masuno Seisakusho Co., Ltd. A “hammer crusher” has 12 rows of plate-type hammers. Table 1 below shows the number of rotations set for each home appliance and the screen eyes used.

(Sieving process)
Home appliances crushed using a 17 mm sieve were separated. The weight of each of the above-sieving part and under-sieving part is shown in Table 1 below.

(Magnetic separation process)
Using a “drum separator” manufactured by Elise Japan, the portion on the sieve was selected. The “magnetic separator” set the magnetic force to 1500G. As a result, it was sorted into magnetic materials such as iron and stainless steel and non-magnetic materials including a mounting substrate. Table 1 shows the weight selected for the magnetic deposits.

(Eddy current selection process)
Non-magnetic deposits were selected using an “aluminum separator” manufactured by Osaka Magnet Roll. The “eddy current sorter” was set to a belt speed of 28 m / min, a drum rotation speed of 2000 rpm, and a magnetic force of 3000 G. As a result, the metal materials such as copper and aluminum and the non-metal materials such as plastic were selected. Table 1 shows the weights sorted into metal and non-metal.

(Color selection process)
Using “Celestar” manufactured by Kitagawa Iron Works, the metal and non-metal materials were color-sorted. The colors to be skipped were set to two colors, green and brown, respectively, and these colors were identified to be skipped.
As a result of visually confirming the collected material that was skipped, a large number of mounting boards were included. The total weight of these was measured, and the ratio of the weight of the collected mounting substrate to the weight of the original home appliance was defined as the recovery rate. The recovery rate is shown in Table 2 below. For reference, the collection rate when the mounting board is manually collected is shown in Table 2 below. Note that the blank is not measured.

(Under sieve)
Household appliances separated under the sieve in the sieving step were further classified into 6 mm or more, less than 17 mm, less than 6 mm, less than 6 mm, less than 1 mm, and less than 1 mm, and the contents of these tungsten were measured. . The result is shown in FIG. This measurement was performed by chemical component analysis after pulverization.
As described above, the household electrical appliances sorted under the sieve contain a lot of tungsten, and in particular, mobile phones contain a lot of tungsten.
From these, valuable metals can be recovered by a conventionally known method, for example, a method such as “development of a technique for recovering tungsten or the like from waste carbide tools” described above.

(Recovery of mounted substrate)
As shown in Table 2 above, the recovery rate of the mounting board was substantially the same as compared with the manual work. In some cases, the value of the present invention is larger, but this is probably because other parts have been mixed. The recovery rate of the mounting substrate compared with the manual operation was an average value of 98.5%, which is no problem.
It took about 20 minutes to complete the steps so far, and the recovery rate was substantially the same as in the case of manual work, but the time could be greatly reduced.

(Separation process)
A “part separator” manufactured by Hirata Kiko Co., Ltd. was used as a component peeling device, and the collected mounting board was put into a board and a mounting part. The rotating blade of the component peeling apparatus was rotated at 1500 rpm for 120 seconds, and about 5 kg of the mounting board was charged.
The mounting substrate was taken out from the component peeling apparatus and separated by passing through a 17 mm mesh screen. As a result of visual observation, the substrate was almost recovered on the sieve, and the mounted parts were almost recovered under the sieve. These weight ratios are shown in Table 3 below. Note that the blank is not measured.

(Specific gravity selection process)
First, the mounted components collected in the sorting step were classified into three types using a 6 mm and 1 mm mesh sieve: a mounted component of 6 mm or more, a mounted component of less than 6 mm, 1 mm or more, and a mounted component of less than 1 mm.
Mounted parts of 6 mm or more were sorted into heavy products and light products using “Air Table SH-4” of Harada Sangyo Co., Ltd. as a dry specific gravity sorter. At this time, the wind power was set to 50 m ³ / min, the inclination angle was 12.5 °, and the vibration frequency was 60 Hz.
When this heavy product and light product were analyzed using XRF after fine pulverization, the heavy product contained a large amount of Ta, W, Nd, Nb, Bi, Ni, Au, and Pd, and the light product was made of plastic. It included a lot.

Mounted parts of less than 6 mm and 1 mm or more were sorted into heavy products and light products using “JIG test equipment RJC-150” of Elise Magnetic Japan as a jig specific gravity sorter. At this time, the wave height was set to 30 mm and the frequency 30 Hz.
When the components of the heavy product and the light product were analyzed using XRF after pulverization, the heavy product contained a large amount of Ta, Ti, Ni, Nd, W, Ba, Pd, Nb, Bi, and the light product was a plastic. It contained a lot.

Mounted parts of less than 1 mm were sorted into heavy products and light products using “WN test equipment WN-50 type” manufactured by Mitsuteki Kogyo Co., Ltd. as a wet specific gravity sorter. At this time, the flow rate of water was set to 0.2 m / s, the frequency of the slope was set to 60 Hz, and the amplitude of the slope was set to 2 cm.
When the components of the heavy product and the light product were analyzed using XRF after pulverization, the heavy product contained a large amount of Ta, Ti, Ni, Nd, W, Ba, Pd, Nb, Bi, and the light product was a plastic. It contained a lot.

(Acid leaching)
A mounted product of less than 6 mm and a mounted product of less than 1 mm and a heavy product of a mounted component of less than 1 mm selected from each waste home appliance was mixed, pulverized with a vibration mill, and separated using a 0.5 mm sieve. The sieving portion was acid leached, the dissolved components were removed, and the remaining components were analyzed by XRF. For acid leaching, 6N hydrochloric acid was used, the liquid temperature was 80 ° C., and the reaction time was 8 hours. The analysis results of the residual components are shown in Table 4 below.

(result)
As shown in Table 4 above, the residue contained Ta with a high quality of 18.1 wt%. In addition to Ta, Ti, Ni, Nd, W, Ba, Pd, Sb, Nb, Bi and the like were included in high quality.
The present invention was able to efficiently recover valuable metals from waste home appliances. It took about 120 minutes to get heavy products after putting home appliances into the rough crusher, and it was possible to greatly reduce the time compared to the case of manual work.

Claims (14)

  A crushing process for impacting and crushing household electrical appliances, a sieving process for sorting the crushed household electrical appliances through a sieve, and a crushing household electrical appliance on the sieve in the sieving process are sorted into magnetic and non-magnetic articles by magnetic force. Magnetic value sorting step, eddy current step of sorting the non-magnetized material into eddy currents and sorting into metal and non-metal materials, color sorting of the metal and non-metal materials, and containing valuable metals A valuable metal recovery method comprising: a color selection step of selecting a mounting substrate; and a valuable metal recovery step of recovering the valuable metal from the mounting component by separating and selecting the mounting substrate selected in the color selection step into a mounting component and a substrate. .   The recovery method according to claim 1, wherein the crushing step applies an impact with any one of a hammer, a blade, and a chain.   The collection method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sieving step is performed by a 5 mm to 50 mm sieve.   The said color selection process is a collection | recovery method in any one of Claims 1-3 which classify | categorizes into at least two colors, green and brown, and another color using a color sorter.   The collection | recovery method in any one of Claims 1-4 which collect | recovers tungsten from the crushed household appliances under the sieving process.   In the valuable metal recovery step, the mounting substrate selected in the color selection step is separated into a substrate and a mounting component, and the mounting component is selected into a heavy product with a high specific gravity and a light product with a low specific gravity. The recovery method according to claim 1, further comprising a specific gravity sorting step.   The collection method according to claim 6, wherein in the separation step, the mounting substrate is put into a parts separator device for separation, and the device rotates the rotating blades at 1000 to 1800 rpm for 60 seconds or more.   The recovery method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in the specific gravity sorting step, the mounted parts are classified into at least three types and then sorted into heavy products and light products using a specific gravity sorter.   The recovery according to claim 8, wherein the specific gravity sorter uses at least one of a dry specific gravity sorter, a jig sorter, a wet thin-flow sorter, and a centrifuge to sort into a heavy product and a light product. Method.   In the specific gravity sorting step, the mounted parts are classified into three types of large-sized products, medium-sized products, and small-sized products, and the mounted components of large-sized products are sorted using a dry specific gravity sorter or a jig sorter, 10. The grain mounted parts are sorted using a dry specific gravity sorter or a jig sorter, and the mounted parts of small grains are sorted using a wet thin-flow sorter. The recovery method according to crab. In the gravity separation process, the dry specific gravity sorter, a wind ^{40m 3} / ^min~80m 3 / min, the inclination angle 10 ° to 20 °, the recovery method according to claim 9 or 10 is set to the frequency 50Hz~75Hz .   The recovery method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein in the specific gravity sorting step, the jig sorter is set to a frequency of 20 Hz to 50 Hz and a wave height of 30 mm to 80 mm.   In the specific gravity sorting step, the wet thin-flow sorter is set to a flow rate of 0.1 m / s to 0.5 m / s, a frequency of 40 Hz to 70 Hz, and an amplitude of 1 cm to 5 cm. Recovery method. The recovery method according to claim 9, wherein, in the specific gravity sorting step, Ta is recovered by acid leaching of the heavy product to remove dissolved components.

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