JP2019162620A - Method of processing electronic/electric apparatus component scrap - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a method of processing electronic/electric apparatus component scrap capable of accurately and efficiently selecting electronic/electric/electronic apparatus component scrap and the like.SOLUTION: A method of processing electronic/electric apparatus component scrap 1 separates a non-metal article 1b or metal articles 1a, 1afrom the electronic/electric apparatus component scrap 1 which includes the metal articles 1a, 1aand the non-metal article 1b, using a sorter 10 comprising a metal sensor 2, a color camera 3, an air valve 4, and a conveyor 5. The method of processing the electronic/electric apparatus component scrap 1 provides a constant distance d between the metal articles 1aand the non-metal article 1b that are adjacent to each other, so that the non-metal article 1b between the metal articles 1a, 1ais not erroneously detected when the metal articles 1a, 1ain the electronic/electric apparatus component scrap 1 are detected by the metal sensor.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for processing electronic / electrical device component waste, and more particularly, to a method for processing electronic / electrical device component waste suitable for recycling of used electronic / electrical device.

  From the viewpoint of resource conservation in recent years, it has become increasingly popular to collect valuable metals from scrapped household electrical appliances, electronic and electrical equipment parts such as PCs and mobile phones, and an efficient recovery method is being studied. Has been. It is known that various parts are contained in electronic / electrical equipment component waste, and sorting by hand sorting is the most accurate, but it requires labor and is not practical. Therefore, development of an apparatus for efficiently selecting a desired part from electronic / electric equipment part waste using various sorters is required.

  For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-83348 describes an ore sorting method and apparatus for sorting out ore non-defective products or defective products, and a rock crushed material conveyed on a belt-shaped carrier by an imaging device. An example of an ore sorting device equipped with an air spraying device that images and discriminates non-defective products and defective products with a discriminating device and blows air toward the sprayed object so as to differentiate the movement trajectory of the good products and defective products is described. Has been.

  However, the invention described in Patent Document 1 is a sorting method for processing a rock pulverized material, and is suitable for sorting electronic / electric equipment component waste containing various materials such as non-metallic materials such as plastics and metal materials. It cannot be said that it is a device.

  On the other hand, a metal sorter is known as a method for sorting metal objects. The metal sorter is a sorter including a metal sensor, a color camera, an air valve, and a conveyor, but has been widely used in the food industry until now. Specifically, a metal object mixed as a foreign object in a manufactured product is detected and the product is removed.

  In recent years, it has come to be used also in the recycling industry of electronic / electric equipment component waste from the viewpoint of detecting metal objects. However, the metal sorter made mainly for the food industry has a small processing capacity, and there is a problem in the processing capacity and the sorting ability in order to process electronic / electric equipment parts waste.

JP 2017-83348 A

  In view of the above-described problems, the present invention provides a method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste that can accurately and efficiently sort electronic / electrical device component waste and the like.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors diligently studied. Using a sorter equipped with a metal sensor, a color camera, an air valve, and a conveyor, metal objects in electronic / electric equipment component waste are detected by the metal sensor. In order to prevent false detection of non-metallic objects existing between metal objects, non-metals between adjacent metal objects or metal objects, or at least between metal objects and metal objects. It has been found that synthetic resin (plastic) can be accurately and efficiently separated from electronic / electrical equipment component waste by providing a certain distance between the metal object and the metal object.

  In one aspect, the present invention completed on the basis of the above knowledge, using a sorter including a metal sensor, a color camera, an air valve, and a conveyor, from electronic and electrical equipment component waste including metal objects and nonmetal objects to nonmetal objects Alternatively, a method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste that separates metal objects, wherein when the metal object is detected by the metal sensor in the electronic / electrical device component waste, the non-existence that exists between the metal object and the metal object is detected. In order to prevent erroneous detection of metal objects, there is provided a method for treating electronic / electrical equipment component waste that provides a certain distance between metal objects adjacent to each other.

  In one embodiment, the electronic / electrical device component waste processing method according to the present invention has a certain interval larger than the length of the detection range of the metal sensor in the direction along the conveying direction of the electronic / electrical device component waste.

  In another aspect of the present invention, a non-metal object or metal object is separated from electronic / electrical device component waste including metal objects and non-metal objects using a sorter including a metal sensor, a color camera, an air valve, and a conveyor. This is a method for processing electronic / electrical device component waste, and when detecting metal objects in electronic / electrical device component wastes with a metal sensor, non-metallic objects existing between the metal object and the metal object are not erroneously detected. As described above, the distance between the metal object and the metal object in which at least a non-metal object exists between the metal object and the metal object is set to the length of the detection range of the metal sensor in the direction along the conveying direction of the electronic / electric equipment component waste. There is provided a method of treating electronic / electrical equipment part waste that is larger than the above.

  In still another embodiment of the electronic / electrical device component waste processing method according to the present invention, the length of the detection range of the metal sensor is 4 to 200 mm.

  In still another embodiment of the method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste according to the present invention, the opening / closing speed of the air valve is 0.5 to 4 ms / time.

  In another embodiment of the method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste according to the present invention, the representative diameter of the electronic / electrical device component waste is 4 to 70 mm.

  The processing method of the electronic / electrical equipment component waste which concerns on this invention has further the process of processing the said electronic / electrical device component waste after nonmetallic substance isolation | separation by a smelting process in another one embodiment.

  In still another embodiment, the method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste according to the present invention is included in the electronic / electrical device component waste before the metal sensor detects the metal in the electronic / electrical device component waste. Remove the powder.

  In still another embodiment, the method for treating electronic / electrical device component waste according to the present invention is included in the electronic / electrical device component waste before the metal sensor detects the metal in the electronic / electrical device component waste. The ratio of the metallic material and the nonmetallic material to be adjusted is adjusted to 70:30 to 20:80.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the processing method of the electronic / electric equipment component waste which can sort-out electronic / electric equipment component waste etc. correctly and efficiently can be provided.

It is a schematic diagram of the sorter used for the processing method of the electronic / electric equipment component waste which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing showing the aspect which does not produce a misdetection, when detecting the metal object in electronic / electric equipment component waste with a metal sorter. It is explanatory drawing showing the aspect in which a misdetection may arise when detecting the metal thing in electronic / electric equipment component waste with a metal sorter.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
The processing target of the processing method of the electronic / electrical equipment component waste 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a raw material including at least a non-metallic material and a metallic material. Wastes obtained by crushing electronic and electrical equipment such as mobile phones can be used. Non-metallic materials contained in the electronic / electrical equipment component waste 1 include synthetic resins such as plastics and substrates that do not contain metal or contain a metal amount below the detection limit of the metal sensor 2 included in the metal sorter 10 described later. Can be mentioned. In the present embodiment, a substrate containing a metal amount equal to or lower than the detection lower limit of the metal sensor 2 is referred to as a “resin-treated substrate” separately from a substrate containing a general metal.

  The detection lower limit of the metal sensor 2 varies depending on the sensitivity of the metal sensor 2 or the position (surface / inside) of the metal contained in the synthetic resin. When the sensitivity is increased, the amount of valuable metals mixed in the non-metallic material can be suppressed, but the amount of non-metallic material to be separated may be reduced. On the other hand, if the sensitivity is lowered, the amount of non-metallic substances to be separated increases, but the amount of valuable metals mixed into the non-metallic substances may also increase.

  Examples of the metal object include a substrate including a metal such as a wiring or a lead on the surface or inside, a part such as an IC, and wire scraps.

  It is preferable that the electronic / electrical device component waste 1 is collected and then crushed to an appropriate size. In the present invention, the crushing to make the electronic / electrical device component waste 1 may be performed by the processor itself, or may be a product purchased in the city. The shape of the raw material is not particularly limited, and may have various shapes. For example, three-dimensional objects such as a linear shape, a plate shape, a cylindrical shape, a columnar shape, a rectangular shape, and an irregular lump shape can be included.

  The crushing method is not limited to a specific device and may be a shearing method or an impact method, but crushing that does not impair the shape of the part is desirable as much as possible. Therefore, devices belonging to the category of grinders intended to be finely ground are not included.

  Synthetic resins (plastics) used in substrates, wire scraps, IC and connector parts, metals, housings, etc., by preliminarily crushing raw materials for electronic / electrical equipment component waste 1 according to this embodiment It is preferable to separate them as a single unit. This makes it easier to select a specific single component by the metal sorter 10 described later.

  In this embodiment, the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 is preferably crushed to a maximum diameter of about 100 mm or less, more preferably about 50 mm or less, and the representative diameter is about 4 to 70 mm, or about 4 to 50 mm. Is preferred. “Representative diameter” means that any 100 points are extracted from the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 and the average value of the major diameter of the extracted electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 is calculated and this is repeated five times. The average value of 5 times is represented.

-Metal sorter 10-
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a metal sorter according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, for example, by using the metal sorter 10 shown in FIG. 1, the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 including at least the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ and the non-metal object 1b to the non-metal object 1b or the metal object 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ can be separated. FIG. 1 is merely an example, and it goes without saying that the positions of the members and the positional relationship between the members are not limited to the example of FIG.

  The metal sorter 10 includes a metal sensor 2, a color camera 3, an air valve 4, and a conveyor 5. In the vicinity of the color camera 3, a color camera illumination 8 for illuminating the imaging field of view of the color camera 3 is provided. A near infrared sensor 6 for further improving detection efficiency may be further provided at a position facing the metal sensor 2 with the conveyor 5 interposed therebetween.

The metal sensor 2 provided in the metal sorter 10 detects the metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ on the conveyor 5. After that, the conveyor 5 conveys / discharges the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ and the non-metal object 1b, and the color camera 3 arranged on the downstream side in the conveying direction of the metal sensor 2 makes the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ and the non-metal object. The light emitted from the color camera illumination 8 to the optical detection position by the color camera 3 on the falling locus of the object 1b hits the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ and the non-metal object 1b, and receives the reflected light. Immediately after that, by combining the information of the area where the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ recognized by the metal sensor 2 and the position information where the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ and the non-metal object 1b exist detected by the color camera are combined. The discrimination means of the metal sorter 10 (not shown) discriminates the position of the non-metal object 1b. Then, based on the discrimination information of the non-metallic object 1b, the air valve 4 disposed downstream of the optical detection position of the color camera 3 blows air to the non-metallic object 1b and shoots off the non-metallic object 1b. The non-metallic material 1b and the metallic materials 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ are accommodated in separate sorting containers 7, respectively. The air valve 4 may blow off the metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ by blowing air to the metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ instead of the non-metal object 1b.

  As the metal sensor 2, a general-purpose sensor for detecting metal can be employed. For example, a sensor that detects metal using electromagnetic induction can be suitably used. Specifically, the metal sensor 2 including one or a plurality of electromagnetic induction coils (not shown) can be used, and the detection range of the metal sensor 2 can be changed depending on the size of the electromagnetic induction coil.

  In FIG. 2, the schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the detection range of the metal sensor 2 and the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 is shown. The detection range of the metal sensor 2 has a width equal to the width of the conveyor 5 (up and down direction in the drawing), and has a length L along the moving direction of the conveyor 5, that is, the conveying direction of the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1. .

In selecting the metal material 1a _1, 1a ₂ and non-metallic material 1b contained in the electronic and electric equipment parts waste 1, as shown in FIG. 2, the metal material 1a _1, between the metal material 1a ₁ When the non-metal object 1b exists, the non-metal object 1b sandwiched between the metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ may not be recognized as the non-metal object 1b and may not be shot down by the air valve 4. The cause is that the metal object 1a ₁ and the metal object 1a ₂ are recognized as one metal object when the distance between the metal object 1a ₁ and the metal object 1a ₂ that are adjacent to each other is too short. This is because the non-metallic object 1b between 1a ₁ and the metal object 1a ₂ is not recognized as the non-metallic object 1b. In addition, when the air valve 4 knocks down a metal, the nonmetallic object 1b may be recognized as a metallic object and shot down.

In the present embodiment, when the metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ in the electronic / electrical device component waste 1 are detected by the metal sensor 2, the non-existence between the metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ adjacent to each other is detected. It is preferable to provide at least a certain distance d (shortest distance) between the metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ adjacent to each other so that the metal object 1b is not erroneously detected.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, when the metal sensor 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ in the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 are detected by the metal sensor 2, at least the metal object 1a ₁ and the metal object 1a ₂ the distance d between the metal material 1a ₁ and the metal material 1a ₂ which is in a state sandwiching the non-metallic material 1b between the metal material 1a ₁ to be greater than the length L of the detection range of the metal sensors, 1a It is preferable to adjust the position of ₂ . Thereby, since the metal sensor 2 can recognize the metal object 1a ₁ and the metal object 1a ₂ as separate metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ , it is possible to suppress erroneous detection by the metal sensor 2, and the metal object 1a _1. The separation efficiency of the nonmetallic substance 1b existing between 1a ₂ can be further improved. Note that, specifically long detection range of the metal sensor between the metal object 1a ₁ and the metal material 1a ₂ also those non-metallic material 1b is not present between the metal object 1a ₁ and the metal material 1a ₂ By providing a certain interval so as to be larger than the length L, it is possible to improve the sorting efficiency between the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ and the non-metal object 1b.

On the other hand, when the distance d between the metal object 1a ₁ and the metal object 1a ₂ is equal to or less than the length L of the detection range of the metal sensor 2 as shown in FIG. 3, the metal sensor 2 is not a non-metal object 1b. In addition, since the metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ may be recognized as one metal object M as a whole, the non-metal object 1b may not be recognized as a foreign object, and the non-metal object 1b may not be separated.

  The length L of the detection range of the metal sensor 2 belongs to the device and is not particularly limited, but the electronic / electric equipment component waste targeted by the present invention is 50 mm or less, It is preferable that it is 4 mm-200 mm, More preferably, it is 20 mm-60 mm. Since the air valve 4 continues to irradiate air while non-metallic objects are flowing, the number of times of air irradiation is comparable if the length L is the same as the size of the non-metallic objects in the electronic / electrical equipment parts waste. However, if the length L is too small, the number of times of air irradiation becomes very large and air shortage may occur during operation. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the compressor to prevent air shortage. Therefore, it is preferable to select the length L according to the size of the non-metallic material in the electronic / electric equipment component waste.

In order to separate the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ and the non-metal object 1b to such an extent that erroneous detection of the metal sensor 2 can be suppressed, the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ and the non-metal can be obtained by applying vibration to the conveyor 5 or the like. It is preferable to disperse | distribute the thing 1b with the conveyor 5 previously.

  In addition, although the supply type of the conveyor 5 used the fixed type of 3 m / s, it may be a variable type. For example, it can be variable between 1 and 5 m / s depending on the situation.

Even if the metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ can be correctly detected by the metal sensor 2 and the position information of the non-metal object 1b can be correctly recognized by the color camera 3, the opening / closing speed of the air valve 4 is not properly adjusted. In this case, it is difficult to shoot down the non-metallic object 1b to an appropriate position.

  In the present embodiment, the opening / closing speed of the air valve 4 is preferably 0.5 to 4 ms / time, more preferably 2 to 4 ms / time.

According to the method for processing electronic / electrical device component waste 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the metal object 1a includes a valuable metal handling substrate containing a large amount of metal components such as wiring and leads on the surface or inside by the metal sorter 10. ₁ and 1a ₂ can be efficiently sorted out from the non-metallic material 1b including the resin-treated substrate that does not contain or contains a trace amount of metal on the surface or inside thereof.

Sorted metal object 1a _1, 1a during ₂ copper, since the substrate including the valuable metals precious metals are concentrated, treated sorting comprising a metal material 1a _1, 1a ₂ as a processing object in the smelting process By doing so, the recovery efficiency of valuable metals can be improved. On the other hand, since the separated product separated as the non-metallic material 1b includes a resin-treated substrate containing Sb, which is a smelting inhibitor, a substance that inhibits processing in the smelting process is mixed into the smelting process. This can be suppressed, and the processing efficiency in the smelting process is also improved.

(Preprocessing)
The electronic / electrical device component waste 1 is further subjected to a predetermined pretreatment before being processed by the metal sorter 10 according to the present embodiment, so that the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a _{2 in} the electronic / electrical device component waste 1 and Sorting efficiency with the non-metal 1b can be improved. For example, before detecting the metal objects 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ in the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 with the metal sensor 2, the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ and the non-metallic material contained in the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 By adjusting the ratio of 1b to 70:30 to 20:80, it is possible to improve the sorting efficiency between the metal objects 1a ₁ , 1a ₂ and the non-metal object 1b.

Moreover, before the metal sensor 1a ₁ and 1a ₂ in the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 are detected by the metal sensor 2, the process of removing the powdery material contained in the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 is included. , It is possible to suppress the soaring of the powder during the sorting process. Thereby, when observing the position of a processing target object with the color camera 3, it can be made easy to observe a processing target, and sorting efficiency increases.

  As pre-processing, for example, before processing the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1 with the metal sorter 10, wind sorting is performed on the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1, and the light-weight material selected in the wind sorting is implemented. It can be a processing target of a form.

  Although it depends on the material contained in the electronic / electrical device component waste 1, it is preferable to perform wind sorting in at least two stages. When separating precious metal-containing materials such as substrates and ICs and metals containing Fe, Al, etc. from the electronic / electric equipment component waste 1, the air volume should be 10-18 m / s, more preferably 15-18 m / s. preferable. In order to improve condenser concentration and metal fraction, the optimum wind speed is preferably 5 to 15 m / s, more preferably 8 to 12 m / s. When separating the film, powdery substance, etc. that affect the false detection of the color camera or near-infrared sensor provided in the metal sorter 10 described above, the wind speed is set to 5 to 8 m / s, more preferably 6 to 7 m / s. Is preferred.

1 ... electronic and electric equipment parts scrap 1b ... non-metallic material 1a _1, 1a ₂ ... metal objects 2 ... metal sensor 3 ... color camera 4 ... air valve 5 ... conveyor 6 ... near infrared sensor 7 ... pick receptacle 8 ... color camera illumination 10 ... Metal sorter

Claims (9)

Electronic / Electrical Equipment Component Waste Processing Method for Separating Nonmetallic Objects or Metallic Objects from Electronic / Electrical Equipment Component Wastes Containing Metallic and Nonmetallic Objects Using a Sorter with Metal Sensor, Color Camera, Air Valve, and Conveyor Because
The metal adjacent to each other so as not to erroneously detect the non-metallic object existing between the metal object and the metal object when the metal object in the electronic / electric equipment component waste is detected by a metal sensor. A method for treating electronic / electrical equipment component waste, wherein a predetermined interval is provided between an object and the metal object.   2. The electronic / electrical device component waste according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined interval is larger than a length of a detection range of the metal sensor in a direction along a conveyance direction of the electronic / electrical device component waste. Processing method. Electronic / Electrical Equipment Component Waste Processing Method for Separating Nonmetallic Objects or Metallic Objects from Electronic / Electrical Equipment Component Wastes Containing Metallic and Nonmetallic Objects Using a Sorter with Metal Sensor, Color Camera, Air Valve, and Conveyor Because
When detecting the metal object in the electronic / electrical device component waste with a metal sensor, at least the metal object so as not to misdetect the non-metal object existing between the metal object and the metal object. The distance between the metal object and the metal object in which the non-metal object exists between the metal object is determined from the length of the detection range of the metal sensor in the direction along the conveying direction of the electronic / electric equipment component waste. An electronic / electric equipment component waste disposal method characterized in that the size is also increased.   The length of the detection range of the said metal sensor is 4-200 mm, The processing method of the electronic / electric equipment component waste of any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned.   5. The electronic / electric equipment component waste disposal method according to claim 1, wherein an opening / closing speed of the air valve is 0.5 to 4 ms / time.   The representative diameter of the electronic / electrical device part waste is 4 to 70 mm, and the electronic / electrical device part waste processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.   The processing method of the electronic / electrical equipment component waste of any one of Claims 1-6 which further has the process of processing the said electronic / electrical equipment component waste after the said nonmetallic thing isolation | separation at a smelting process.   8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of removing a powdery material contained in the electronic / electrical device component waste before the metal sensor detects the metallic material in the electronic / electrical device component waste. The processing method of electronic / electrical equipment component waste of 1 item | term.   Before the metal sensor in the electronic / electrical device component waste is detected by the metal sensor, the ratio of the metallic material to the nonmetallic material contained in the electronic / electrical device component waste is set to 70:30 to 20:80. The processing method of the electronic / electric equipment component waste of any one of Claims 1-8 including adjusting so that it may become.

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