JPH06106091A - Method for screening metallic waste by kinds of respective metals - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the method for efficiently and automatically screening metal mixtures of non-ferrous metals by kinds of respective metals from waste of automobiles, household electrical products, etc. CONSTITUTION:Aluminum and other materials having <=3.0 sp. gr. are removed by screening using a heavy liquid. Stainless steels are then recovered as non- reactive metals from the metal mixtures having the sp. gr. heavier than the above-mentioned sp. gr. by an eddy current screening machine. The differences in the respective metallic colors of the metal mixtures 1 of copper alloys, zinc and lead alloys subjected to thrust by reacting with the eddy current screening machine are photographed by a television camera 5 and are detected as variable densities of three primary colors. The copper alloys 13 and the zinc alloys 14 are identified by these differences in the variable densities, by which actuators (a pneumatic pipe 10, solenoid valve 11 and nozzle 12) are actuated to screen these alloys.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a scrapped automobile,
The present invention relates to a method for sorting various metals in industrial waste such as household electrical appliances, various household metal product wastes, and factory wastes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, it is said that the amount of metal waste such as automobiles, which became waste in Japan, household appliances, pots, pots, factory waste, etc., exceeds 10 million tons per year. ing. Of these wastes, iron can be collected by a sorting device that uses a magnet, and is thus recycled by established technology.

In addition, as for the selection of non-ferrous metals,
Although mainly performed by hand picking, as a mechanical sorting method, for a metal having a low specific gravity (aluminum (specific gravity 2.7)), a heavy liquid specific gravity sorting method has been used in recent years.

[0004]

However, in such a sorting method, copper (specific gravity 8.9), zinc (specific gravity 7.10), stainless steel (specific gravity 7. 9) and the like are almost non-magnetic materials and have similar specific gravities, so that no effective mechanical selection method has been found.

These mixtures, which are so-called mixed metals, are exported to developing countries. In the near future, the export and import of these mixtures will be prohibited by the Basel Convention for reasons of global environmental protection. It is expected to be.

The present invention has been made in view of these problems, and provides a method for efficiently and automatically selecting mixed metal for each metal type, and for selecting metal waste for each metal type. That is the purpose.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the method of the present invention for sorting metal wastes such as automobiles and household electric appliances into each metal type has a specific gravity of 3. Aluminium of 0 or less is floated and separated, and then
For mixed metals with a heavier specific gravity, stainless steel is recovered as an unreacted metal by an eddy current separator, and a mixture of copper alloy, zinc, and lead alloy that has been thrust in response to the eddy current separator is received. It is characterized in that a copper alloy and a zinc alloy are selected by detecting the difference in metallic color.

In this method of selecting each kind of metal, the difference in metal color of the mixture of each alloy can be identified by the difference between the three primary colors and their shades.

In this method for selecting each metal type, the difference in shade is digitized and processed as a digital signal,
As a result, the actuator can be operated and the copper alloy and the zinc alloy can be selected.

The actuator for selecting the copper alloy and the zinc alloy may be operated by pneumatic power or electric power.

[0011]

[Function] In the above-described method for sorting metal wastes by each metal type, aluminum having a specific gravity of 3.0 or less is floated and separated by a sorting using a heavy liquid, and then a mixed metal having a heavier specific gravity is obtained. On the other hand, stainless steel was recovered as a non-reactive metal by an eddy current separator, and the remaining mixture was a mixture of copper alloy, zinc, and lead alloy that was thrust in response to the eddy current separator. It is possible to detect the difference between the metal colors, digitize the shades of the difference, process them as a digital signal, and actuate the actuator based on the difference to select the copper alloy and the zinc alloy by air power or electric power.

[0012]

EXAMPLE Currently, as industrial waste, the remaining sunk non-ferrous metal mixture after metal waste is removed by flotation separation of aluminum by heavy liquid sorting method contains the following metals and their physical properties are as follows: Have Weight Particle specific gravity Conductivity (X10 ³ / Ωm) ──────────────────────────────────── Copper alloy 33 % 8.96 to 8.70 598 Zinc alloy 37% 7.1 to 11.30 169 Stainless steel 30% 7.8 to 7.9 ≒ 100 ────────────────────────────── ─────── Total 100%

[0013] And, when exemplifying the remaining non-ferrous metal mixture as described above, it has the following grain size constitution. Particle size diameter Weight ─────────────────────── 45mm or more 8% 45-30mm 22% 30-20mm 33% 20mm or less 37% ────── ───────────────── Total 100%

Since all of these metals have specific gravities of 7.0 or more and the differences in specific gravities are similar or overlap with each other, they cannot be selected by the specific gravity selection method using heavy liquid as described above. .

Therefore, according to the present invention, by utilizing the difference in color and conductivity of metals, that is, the difference in repulsion when a magnetic field is approached, both of them are combined to separate the above metals separately. A method of sorting is provided.

A method of sorting the metal waste according to each metal type, which is an embodiment of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIG.

The sorting apparatus shown in FIG. 1 removes aluminum and substances having a specific gravity of aluminum or less from a metal product such as an automobile, household electric appliances and industrial waste such as factory waste by specific gravity sorting using a heavy liquid. From the mixture
The stainless steel that has not been sorted by the magnet is sorted by the eddy current sorter shown in FIG. 2, and the mixed metal 1 that is the remaining mixed metal contains copper alloy 13 and zinc alloy 14 and is conveyed by the belt conveyor 2. Be transported. In the middle of the belt conveyor 2, a light source 7, a light hood 15 for illuminating the moving metal mixture 1, and a camera 5 installed in the hood 15 are provided in order to detect the shade of metal color. ing. This camera 5
The signal of the image captured by is sent to the control device 9 equipped with the color monitor television 8. The identification of the metal color based on the captured image will be described later. The controller 9 processes the identification based on the video signal,
Pressure tube 10 and solenoid valve 1 provided on the downstream side of the camera 5.
1, copper alloy 1 which is an actuator consisting of nozzle 12
The signal is sent to the separating device of 3. The electromagnetic valve 11 is activated by this signal, and the compressed air from the compressed air tube 10 is discharged to the nozzle 12
A signal is sent so that the copper alloy 13 is ejected from and the copper alloy 13 is separately stored in the copper alloy receiver 3.

Next, the stainless steel sorting apparatus shown in FIG. 2 will be described. This sorting apparatus is used in the preceding stage of the copper alloy and zinc alloy sorting apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and receives a mixture 25 of non-ferrous metals. 24, a belt conveyor 20 for conveying the mixture 25, this belt conveyor 2
0, a drive pulley 21, a longitudinal pulley 22 on the discharge side of the mixture 25, and a magnet 23 having an NS magnetic pole arranged in a cylindrical shape inside the longitudinal pulley 22.
The eddy current selector consists of. In this device, a mixture 25 of non-ferrous metals from which specific gravity is selected by heavy liquid and aluminum is separated is introduced into a chute 24 and supplied to the belt conveyor 20, and when the belt conveyor 20 is operated by the drive pulley 21, The non-ferrous metal particles are conveyed to the moving pulley 22 side, and the non-ferrous metal particles are thrust by the magnet 23 and are rotated at the same time as the magnet 23 is rotated.

In this stainless steel sorter, the thrust received by the metal particles varies depending on the magnitude of the conductivity of the particles of the non-ferrous metal mixture 25 if the magnetic flux density and the particle size of the apparatus are constant, and the thrust is applied by the heavy liquid in advance. In the case of mixed metal 1 which is a mixed metal after removing aluminum and dust sorted by specific gravity sorting etc., copper and zinc are propelled and skipped (left side in the figure), and stainless steel 26 is directly under without thrust. Then, only the stainless steel 26 can be selectively collected. In this case, in the non-ferrous metal mixture 25 containing dust, the dust is mixed in the stainless steel 26 and collected, but this can be solved by removing dust in advance.

The identification of the copper alloy 13 and the zinc alloy 14 in the mixed metal 1 shown in FIG. 1 by color for sorting will be described. The color monitor TV 8 is used to display the metal surface by the TV camera 5. Take a picture, project the colors on the color monitor TV 8, and display the colors R (red), G (green), B (blue).
4 is divided into three primary colors of, and the gradation of each color of R, G, and B is divided into 0 to 32 levels, theoretically, 32 ³ colors, that is, 32768 colors. The result is as follows. In FIG. 4, the gradation steps are shown in the vertical direction in the figure.

That is, although the range of the separated color of the color of the copper alloy and that of the stainless steel is relatively wide, the range of the separated color of the color of the zinc / lead alloy and the color of the copper alloy is clear. It is clear that they are different. This reveals that copper alloys, zinc, and lead alloys can be identified by color sensors for color discrimination.

If such an identification method is used, in the device shown in FIG.
3. The color of the surface of the zinc alloy 14 can be photographed, the color signal can be transmitted to the control device 9, and the shades of the three primary colors can be evenly attached on the paper in stages for identification. When the identifiable copper alloy 13 is detected as described above, the control device 9 sends a valve opening signal to the electromagnetic valve 10 of the separation device, and the nozzle 1
The compressed air from the compressed air pipe 10 is jetted by the 2 and the copper alloy 1
3 can be dropped onto the copper alloy receiver 3 provided below the belt conveyor 2 to be separated and collected from the mixed metal 1.

In the apparatus of FIG. 1, the mixed metal 1
The determination time required for identifying the color is 1/20 seconds or less, and a signal can be output by the identification, and the copper alloy 1 conveyed on the belt conveyor 1 at high speed.
3 particles can be selected and sorted. this is,
Mechanical sorting can be performed several times faster than manual sorting.

According to the nonferrous metal selecting method as described above, all nonferrous metals can be selected from the metal waste by the flow shown in FIG.
That is, non-ferrous metal scraps produced by crushing industrial wastes such as automobiles, household appliances, various tools, and factory wastes with a shredder are heavy liquids using a specific gravity of 2.8 to 3.0 for the sorting liquid. Aluminum can be separated as suspended matter in a sorter and recycled to the actuator secondary casting plant. The substances that settled in this heavy liquid sorter are sent to an eddy current sorter, which is a stainless steel sorter, and conductive non-ferrous metal is sorted to a color identification sorter, and non-conductive stainless steel is sorted to a steel mill. It is recycled. The mixed metal sent to the color identification and sorting machine, the copper alloy is sorted by color identification, the sorted copper alloy is sent to the copper smelter, and the remaining lead and zinc alloys are sent to the lead and zinc alloy smelter, It is recycled.

As described above, the recyclable non-ferrous metal is reasonably and effectively recycled as a resource from industrial waste.

In the above-described color identification / selection device, pneumatic power was used as the actuator, but electric power may be used using an electric motor, a relay, or the like.

[0027]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the method for selecting the above-mentioned metal waste according to each metal type has the following effects. Aluminum metal and other substances are removed from the metal waste by sorting with heavy liquid, then stainless steel is recovered by eddy current sorting machine for mixed metals with heavier specific gravity, and the remaining copper alloy and zinc. Since the mixture of lead alloys is selected to detect the color difference between metals and to sort copper alloys and zinc alloys, the sorting of these metal alloys is conventionally performed by hand picking, whereas There is an excellent effect that heavy non-ferrous metal can be automatically sorted at high speed, and non-ferrous metal can be effectively recycled from metal waste.

Further, the selection of heavy specific gravity copper alloys and zinc alloys is discriminated by their shades of color, and the discrimination work is carried out by aerodynamics or the like according to the discrimination. It is possible to sort the alloys, and there is an excellent effect that nonferrous metals can be effectively sorted by a series of sorting.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a copper alloy / zinc alloy sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stainless steel sorting device that performs sorting at a stage before the sorting device of FIG.

3 is a diagram showing, for each metal, a range of shades of three primary colors in color identification used in the sorting apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing recycling of metal waste.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Mixed Metal 2 Belt Conveyor 5 TV Camera 6 Lens 7 Light Source 8 Color Monitor TV 9 Control Device 10 Pressure Tube 11 Solenoid Valve 12 Nozzle 13 Copper Alloy 14 Zinc Alloy 15 Light Hood 20 Belt Conveyor 21 Drive Pulley 22 Vertical Copper Pulley 23 NS Magnetic pole magnet 24 Chute 25 Non-ferrous metal mixture 26 Stainless steel

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location B09B 5/00 C

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method of sorting metal wastes such as automobiles and household appliances into each metal type, wherein aluminum having a specific gravity of 3.0 or less is floated and separated by a sorting using a heavy liquid, and the specific gravity is 3.0 or less. For a mixed metal of higher specific gravity subsequent to the substance of (1), stainless steel was recovered as an unreacted metal by an eddy current separator, and a copper alloy and zinc that were thrust in response to the eddy current separator, A method for selecting a metal waste by each metal type, wherein the mixture of alloys is detected as a copper alloy and a zinc alloy by detecting the difference in metal color. 2. The method for sorting the metal waste according to each type of metal according to claim 1, wherein the difference in the metal color of the mixture of the alloys is identified by the difference between the three primary colors and their shades. A method of sorting waste by metal type. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the metal waste is sorted according to each metal type, the difference in density is digitized and processed as a digital signal, thereby actuating an actuator to generate a copper alloy. A method for selecting a metal waste by metal type, which is characterized by selecting a zinc alloy. 4. The method for sorting metal waste according to each type of metal according to claim 3, wherein an actuator for sorting the copper alloy and the zinc alloy is operated by pneumatic power or electric power. A method of sorting metal waste by metal type.