JP2020037069A - Processing method for electronic/electrical equipment component scrap - Google Patents
Processing method for electronic/electrical equipment component scrap Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法に関し、特に、使用済み電子・電気機器のリサイクル処理に好適な電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for treating electronic / electric device component waste, and more particularly, to a method for treating electronic / electric device component waste suitable for recycling used electronic / electric devices.
近年の資源保護の観点から、廃家電製品・ＰＣや携帯電話等の電子・電気機器部品屑から、有価金属を回収することがますます盛んになってきており、その効率的な回収方法が検討されている。電子・電気機器部品屑には種々の部品が含まれていることが知られており、手選別による選別が最も精度が高いが、労力がかかり、現実的ではないという問題がある。そこで、種々の選別装置を用いて、電子・電気機器部品屑の中から所望の部品を効率良く選別するための装置の開発が求められている。 From the viewpoint of resource conservation in recent years, it has become increasingly popular to recover valuable metals from electronic and electrical equipment parts scraps such as waste home appliances, PCs and mobile phones. Have been. It is known that various kinds of parts are included in electronic / electric equipment parts waste, and sorting by manual sorting is the highest accuracy, but has a problem that it is labor-intensive and not realistic. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of an apparatus for efficiently selecting a desired part from electronic / electric equipment part waste using various sorters.
例えば、特開２０１７−８３３４８号公報（特許文献１）には、鉱石の良品又は不良品を選別するための鉱石選別方法及び装置が記載されており、ベルト状搬送体上に搬送された岩石粉砕物を撮像器具により撮像し、判別装置により良品及び不良品を判別し、良品及び不良品の各移動軌跡を異ならせるように、吹付対象物に向けて空気を吹き付ける空気吹付器具を備えた鉱石選別装置の例が記載されている。 For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2017-83348 (Patent Document 1) describes an ore sorting method and apparatus for sorting good or defective ore, and crushed rock transported on a belt-like transport body. Ore sorting equipped with an air blowing device that blows air toward the object to be blown so that the object is imaged by the imaging device, the discrimination device discriminates non-defective products and defective products, and the trajectories of the non-defective products and defective products are different. An example of the device is described.
しかしながら、特許文献１に記載された発明は、岩石粉砕物に着目した選別方法であり、基板、ＩＣ、プラスチック、フィルム粉状物等の種々の材料を含む電子・電気機器部品屑を適切に選別することができるとはいえない。 However, the invention described in Patent Literature 1 is a sorting method that focuses on crushed rocks, and appropriately sorts electronic and electrical equipment parts waste including various materials such as substrates, ICs, plastics, and film powders. I can't say it can.
本開示は、電子・電気機器部品屑を適切且つ効率的に選別することが可能な電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法を提供する。 The present disclosure provides a method for treating electronic / electric device component waste that can appropriately and efficiently sort electronic / electric device component waste.
本発明の実施の形態に係る電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法は一側面において、識別部、エアーバルブ、コンベアを備える選別機を用いて、電子・電気機器部品屑を選別する電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法であって、識別部が識別した電子・電気機器部品屑中の識別対象物又は非識別対象物のいずれかに対して、エアーバルブから識別対象物又は非識別対象物の最小直径よりも小さいスプレー幅で気体を吹き付けることにより、識別対象物又は非識別対象物を分離除去する工程を含む電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法である。 In one aspect, a method for treating electronic / electric device component waste according to an embodiment of the present invention uses an identification unit, an air valve, and a separator equipped with a conveyor to sort electronic / electric device component waste. A method for treating parts waste, wherein the air valve is used to detect the minimum of the identification object or non-identification object from either the identification object or the non-identification object in the electronic / electric device part waste identified by the identification unit. This is a method for treating electronic / electric equipment part waste including a step of separating and removing an identification target or a non-identification target by spraying a gas with a spray width smaller than a diameter.
本開示によれば、電子・電気機器部品屑を適切且つ効率的に選別することが可能な電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法が提供できる。 According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a method for treating electronic / electric device component waste that can appropriately and efficiently sort electronic / electric device component waste.
（処理対象）
本発明の実施の形態において処理される「電子・電気機器部品屑」とは、廃家電製品・ＰＣや携帯電話等の電子・電気機器を破砕した屑であり、回収された後、適当な大きさに破砕されたものを指す。本発明では、電子・電気機器部品屑とするための破砕は、処理者自身が行ってもよいが、市中で破砕されたものを購入等したものでもよい。
(Processing object)
“Electronic / electric device parts waste” to be treated in the embodiment of the present invention is waste obtained by crushing electronic / electric devices such as waste home electric appliances, PCs, and mobile phones. It refers to what has been crushed. In the present invention, the processing for crushing the electronic and electric equipment parts waste may be performed by the processor itself, or may be performed by crushing the waste in the market.
破砕方法として、特定の装置には限定されず、せん断方式でも衝撃方式でも構わないが、できる限り、部品の形状を損なわない破砕がのぞましい。したがって、細かく粉砕することを目的とする粉砕機のカテゴリーに属する装置は含まれない。 The crushing method is not limited to a specific device, and may be a shearing method or an impact method. However, crushing that does not impair the shape of the component is preferable as much as possible. Therefore, devices belonging to the category of pulverizers intended for fine pulverization are not included.
以下に限定されるものではないが、本実施形態では、電子・電気機器部品屑は、最大直径が１００ｍｍ以下程度、更には５０ｍｍ以下程度に破砕されているものが好ましい。さらに、本実施形態に係る電子・電気機器部品屑の原料を予め粗破砕することにより、コンデンサ、プラスチック、基板、線屑、ＩＣ、コネクタ、メタル等の形態で単体分離しておくことが好ましい。 Although not limited to the following, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the maximum size of the electronic / electric device part waste is crushed to about 100 mm or less, and more preferably to about 50 mm or less. Further, it is preferable that the raw material of the electronic / electric device parts waste according to the present embodiment is coarsely crushed in advance so as to be singly separated in the form of a capacitor, a plastic, a substrate, a wire waste, an IC, a connector, a metal, or the like.
本実施形態に係る電子・電気機器部品屑は、基板、パーツ、筐体などに使われる合成樹脂類（プラスチック）、線屑、メタル、フィルム状部品屑、破砕や粉砕によって生じる粉状物、その他からなる部品屑に分類することができ、処理目的に応じて更に細かく分類することができる。以下に限定されるものではないが、本実施形態では部品屑として単体分離されている割合が重量比で７０％以上の電子・電気機器部品屑を好適に処理することができる。 The electronic / electric device component waste according to the present embodiment includes synthetic resin (plastic) used for substrates, parts, housings, etc., wire waste, metal, film-like component waste, powder generated by crushing and pulverization, and the like. And can be further finely classified according to the processing purpose. Although not limited to the following, in the present embodiment, electronic / electric equipment component waste having a ratio of being separated as a component waste of 70% or more by weight can be suitably treated.
特に、本実施形態に係る選別機の処理対象物としては、上述の電子・電気機器部品屑に対して風力選別を実施し、粉状物とフィルム状部品屑を除去した後の物質を処理することが好ましい。風力選別によって電子・電気機器部品屑中から粉状物とフィルム状部品屑等の軽量物を予め取り除いておくことにより、後述する識別部１０を有する選別機１Ａにおいて粉状物とフィルム状部品屑等が舞い上がり、視界不良となることによって、選別機１Ａが備える識別部１０の識別能力の低下を抑制することができる。 In particular, as an object to be processed by the sorter according to the present embodiment, wind separation is performed on the above-described electronic / electric device component waste, and the material after removing the powdery material and the film-like component waste is processed. Is preferred. By removing light-weight materials such as powdery materials and film-like component wastes from electronic / electrical device-related wastes in advance by wind sorting, the powdery and film-like component wastes can be obtained in a sorting machine 1A having an identification unit 10 described later. And so on, resulting in poor visibility, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in the discrimination ability of the discrimination unit 10 provided in the sorting machine 1A.
また、風力選別によって電子・電気機器部品屑中から粉状物とフィルム状部品屑等の軽量物を予め取り除いておくことにより、合成樹脂類、メタル、基板、ＩＣ、コンデンサなどの金属を含有する部品屑の含有比率を高くすることができる。 In addition, by removing light-weight materials such as powdery and film-like component waste from electronic / electric device component waste by wind separation in advance, metals such as synthetic resins, metals, substrates, ICs, and capacitors are contained. The content ratio of parts waste can be increased.
風力選別は少なくとも２段階で行われることが好ましい。まず、第１段階目の風力選別において、本実施形態に係る選別機での選別能力に悪影響を与える可能性のある粉状物とフィルム状部品屑（樹脂、アルミ箔等）を除去することができる。第１段階目の風力選別工程は、例えば、風量を５〜２０ｍ／ｓ、より好ましくは５〜１２ｍ／ｓ、更には５〜１０ｍ／ｓ程度、更には６〜８ｍ／ｓで設定することができる。 Preferably, the wind sorting is performed in at least two stages. First, in the first stage of wind power sorting, it is necessary to remove powdery materials and film-like component waste (resin, aluminum foil, etc.) which may adversely affect the sorting performance of the sorting machine according to the present embodiment. it can. In the first stage wind separation process, for example, the air flow rate is set at 5 to 20 m / s, more preferably 5 to 12 m / s, furthermore about 5 to 10 m / s, and further more preferably 6 to 8 m / s. it can.
２段階目の風力選別は、紛状物とフィルム状部品屑が除去された電子・電気機器部品屑から、合成樹脂類及び基板を濃縮することを目的とした選別が行われることが好ましい。例えば、２段階目の風力選別の風量を５〜２０ｍ／ｓ、より好ましくは１０〜１８ｍ／ｓ、更には１５〜１８ｍ／ｓ、更には１６〜１７ｍ／ｓ程度で設定することができる。 In the second-stage wind separation, it is preferable that the separation for the purpose of concentrating the synthetic resin and the substrate from the electronic / electric device component waste from which the powdery material and the film-like component waste have been removed is performed. For example, the air volume in the second stage of the wind power selection can be set at about 5 to 20 m / s, more preferably about 10 to 18 m / s, further about 15 to 18 m / s, and further about 16 to 17 m / s.
第１段階目の風力選別と第２段階目の風力選別との間にスリット状の篩を有する篩別機を用いて篩別処理を更に行うことが更に好ましい。第１段階目の風力選別の後に篩別処理を行うことにより、紛状物とフィルム状部品屑が除去された電子・電気機器部品屑から、線屑などの線状の部品屑を取り除くことができるため、第２段階目の風力選別において、処理対象物中の合成樹脂類及び基板の含有率をより高めることができるとともに、線屑の混入による後段の選別処理の負荷を低減することができる。 It is further preferable that the sieving process is further performed using a sieving machine having a slit-shaped sieve between the first-stage wind separation and the second-stage wind separation. By performing a sieving process after the first-stage wind separation, it is possible to remove linear component scraps such as wire scraps from electronic and electrical equipment component scraps from which dust and film-like component scraps have been removed. Therefore, in the second stage of the wind power sorting, the content of the synthetic resin and the substrate in the processing object can be further increased, and the load of the subsequent sorting process due to the mixing of wire scraps can be reduced. .
このようにして得られた合成樹脂類及び基板の含有率が濃縮された処理対象物に対してそのまま例えばメタルソータ等を用いて金属物及び非金属物の選別を行った場合、非金属物が除去されにくく、金属物を高効率で回収できない場合がある。 In the case where the metal and non-metallic materials are sorted by using a metal sorter or the like with respect to the object to be treated in which the content of the synthetic resin and the substrate thus obtained is concentrated, the non-metallic materials are removed. It is difficult to recover metal objects with high efficiency in some cases.
本発明の実施の形態に係る電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法では、後述する識別部１０を備える選別機１Ａを用いることにより、合成樹脂類、ＩＣ等のパーツ、メタル類、基板の混在する部品屑の中から基板を選択的に取り除くことができる。そして、電子・電気機器部品屑中の基板を除去した後の電子・電気機器部品屑に対し、メタルセンサー、カラーセンサ、エアーバルブ、コンベアを備える選別機（メタルソータ）で処理することにより、金属物の濃縮が容易になるため、電子・電気機器部品屑からの金属の回収効率を向上させることができる。 In the method for treating electronic / electric device component waste according to the embodiment of the present invention, by using a sorting machine 1A having an identification unit 10 described later, parts such as synthetic resins and ICs, metals, and substrates are mixed. The board can be selectively removed from the component waste. After removing the substrate from the electronic and electrical equipment parts waste, the electronic and electrical equipment parts waste is processed by a sorter (metal sorter) equipped with a metal sensor, color sensor, air valve, and conveyor, and the metal object is removed. Since the concentration of the metal is facilitated, it is possible to improve the efficiency of recovering the metal from the electronic / electric device parts waste.
具体的には、図１に示すように、本発明の実施の形態に係る処理方法は、識別部１０、エアーバルブ５、コンベア２を備える選別機（カラーソータ１Ａ）を用いて、電子・電気機器部品屑を選別処理することができる。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the processing method according to the embodiment of the present invention uses a sorting machine (color sorter 1 </ b> A) including an identification unit 10, an air valve 5, and a conveyer 2 to perform electronic and electrical processing. The equipment part waste can be sorted out.
識別部１０は、電子・電気機器部品屑中の特定の部品を識別対象物とし、その他の部品を非識別対象物と識別するための装置である。識別部１０としては、電子・電気機器部品屑が有する色彩に基づいて、識別対象物及び非識別対象物を識別するカラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂ、電子・電気機器部品屑に赤外光を当て、反射した波長を読み取ることにより識別対象物及び非識別対象物を識別する赤外線センサ６、電子・電気機器部品屑中の金属物と非金属物とを識別するメタルセンサー８などが用いられる。 The identification unit 10 is a device for identifying a specific component in electronic / electric device component waste as an identification target and identifying other components as non-identification targets. The identification unit 10 includes a color sensor 3a, 3b for identifying an identification target and a non-identification target based on the color of the electronic / electric device component waste, and irradiates the electronic / electric device component waste with infrared light and reflects the infrared light. The infrared sensor 6 for identifying the identification target object and the non-identification target object by reading the wavelength, and the metal sensor 8 for identifying the metal object and the non-metal object in the electronic / electric device parts waste are used.
特に、電子・電気機器部品屑中の基板を効率良く選別するためには、識別部１０として、電子・電気機器部品屑が有する色彩に基づいて、識別対象物及び非識別対象物の色彩を識別するカラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂを備え、カラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂが、電子・電気機器部品屑中の基板の色彩を識別するように構成されることが好ましい。 In particular, in order to efficiently select a substrate in electronic / electric device component waste, the identification unit 10 identifies the color of the identification target object and the non-identification target object based on the color of the electronic / electric device component waste. It is preferable that the color sensors 3a and 3b be provided so that the color sensors 3a and 3b are configured to identify the color of the substrate in the electronic / electric device parts waste.
コンベア２は、フィーダから供給される電子・電気機器部品屑を搬送することが可能な装置であれば特に限定されない。エアーバルブ５は、識別部１０が除去対象として検出する対象物（識別部１０が識別対象として識別した識別対象物の場合もあれば識別部１０が識別対象として識別しない非識別対象物の場合もある）に対して、気体（空気）を吹き付け、対象物を除去物側の容器へと撃ち落とす又は撃ち上げることにより、対象物を分離除去する装置である。なお、対象物を撃ち上げて分離する場合は図１の除去物と回収物の配置は反対になる。 The conveyor 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is a device capable of transporting electronic and electric equipment part waste supplied from a feeder. The air valve 5 may be used to detect an object to be detected as a removal target by the identification unit 10 (in some cases, in the case of an identification target object that the identification unit 10 has identified as an identification target, or in the case of a non-identification target object that the identification unit 10 does not identify as an identification target. A) is a device that separates and removes an object by blowing a gas (air) on the object and shooting down or shooting up the object into a container on the removed object side. When the target object is shot up and separated, the arrangement of the removed object and the collected object in FIG. 1 is reversed.
エアーバルブ５には、気体を検出対象物に対して吹き付けるための先端部５ａ（ノズル部分）が所定の形状を有するように構成されている。エアーバルブ５の先端部５ａは、コンベア２の搬送方向に垂直な方向に長手方向を有して延びており、図２に示すように長手方向に沿って複数の穴５１を備える。穴５１はそれぞれ断面積Ａを有し、所定のピッチＰ（隣接する穴５１の中心と中心との間の距離）を有して互いに離間している。 The air valve 5 is configured such that a tip portion 5a (nozzle portion) for blowing gas to the detection target has a predetermined shape. The distal end portion 5a of the air valve 5 extends with a longitudinal direction in a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor 2, and has a plurality of holes 51 along the longitudinal direction as shown in FIG. The holes 51 each have a cross-sectional area A and are spaced apart from each other with a predetermined pitch P (the distance between the centers of adjacent holes 51).
ノズル断面積Ａ及びピッチＰは大きすぎると基板以外の部品屑を除去物側へと撃ち落とす恐れがある一方で、小さすぎると部品屑の中から基板を選択的且つ適切に除去物側の容器へと撃ち落とせない場合、或いは各ノズルから噴射する必要空気量が多くなりコンプレッサ等の付帯設備の費用が多く掛かり、経済的でない場合がある。エアーバルブ５のノズル断面積Ａは好ましくは０．５〜６ｍｍ2であり、更に好ましくは１〜５ｍｍ2である。エアーバルブ５のピッチＰは好ましくは２〜８ｍｍであり、更に好ましくは３〜６ｍｍである。 If the nozzle cross-sectional area A and the pitch P are too large, there is a risk that component dust other than the substrate may be shot down to the object to be removed. In some cases, the amount of air required to be injected from each nozzle increases, and the cost of ancillary equipment such as a compressor increases, which is not economical. The nozzle sectional area A of the air valve 5 is preferably 0.5 to 6 mm 2 , and more preferably 1 to 5 mm 2 . The pitch P of the air valve 5 is preferably 2 to 8 mm, and more preferably 3 to 6 mm.
エアーバルブ５を用いて基板を適切に除去物側の容器へ分離させるためには、エアーバルブ５から吹き付けされる気体のスプレー幅が、識別対象物又は非識別対象物の最小直径よりも小さくなるように調節する必要がある。更に、電子・電気機器部品屑中の基板を適切に分離選別するためには、エアーバルブ５から吹きつけされるスプレー距離、即ち、先端部の穴５１の中心から識別対象物又は非識別対象物の中心までの距離を５〜５０ｍｍに調整することが好ましく、より好ましくは５〜３０ｍｍであり、更に好ましくは５〜１０ｍｍである。 In order to properly separate the substrate into the container on the removal object side using the air valve 5, the spray width of the gas blown from the air valve 5 becomes smaller than the minimum diameter of the identification target or the non-identification target. Need to be adjusted. Further, in order to properly separate and sort the substrates in the electronic / electric equipment parts waste, the spray distance sprayed from the air valve 5, that is, the identification target or the non-identification target from the center of the hole 51 at the tip end. Is preferably adjusted to 5 to 50 mm, more preferably 5 to 30 mm, and still more preferably 5 to 10 mm.
また、エアーバルブ５を用いて基板を適切に除去物側の容器へ分離させるためには、エアーバルブ５から噴射されるエアー圧力を０．１〜１．０ＭＰａとするように調整することが好ましく、より好ましくは０．３〜０．７ＭＰａであり、更に好ましくは０．３〜０．５ＭＰａである。なお、図２においてはエアーバルブ５の穴の形状が矩形を有しているが、矩形には限られず、円形や楕円形、スリット状とすることもできる。更に、エアーバルブ５が噴射する流体の断面形状（スプレーパターン）も矩形、円形又は楕円形等に限定されず、環形状や渦巻状等のような断面の内部が部分的に空気を噴出しない形状であってもよい。 Further, in order to properly separate the substrate into the container on the removed object side using the air valve 5, it is preferable to adjust the air pressure injected from the air valve 5 to be 0.1 to 1.0 MPa. , More preferably 0.3 to 0.7 MPa, and still more preferably 0.3 to 0.5 MPa. Although the shape of the hole of the air valve 5 has a rectangular shape in FIG. 2, the shape is not limited to a rectangular shape, but may be a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or a slit shape. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape (spray pattern) of the fluid ejected by the air valve 5 is not limited to a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, or the like, but a shape such as an annular shape or a spiral shape in which the inside of the cross-section does not partially eject air. It may be.
エアーバルブ５のスプレー距離及びエアー圧力を適切に調節し、エアーバルブ５の穴から吹き付けるスプレー幅、即ち、噴出される気体（空気）が先端部の穴５１から識別対象物又は非識別対象物へ到達した距離（スプレー距離）における広がり幅の最大直径を、電子・電気機器部品屑中に含まれる基板の最小直径よりも小さくして、基板に気体を吹き付けることにより、基板以外の電子・電気機器部品屑を巻き込んで気体を吹き付けることを抑制することができ、電子・電気機部品屑からの基板の除去効率をより向上させることができる。 The spray distance and air pressure of the air valve 5 are appropriately adjusted, and the spray width sprayed from the hole of the air valve 5, that is, the gas (air) to be jetted from the hole 51 at the tip to the identification target or non-identification target. By making the maximum diameter of the spread width at the reached distance (spray distance) smaller than the minimum diameter of the substrate contained in the electronic and electrical equipment parts waste, and blowing gas on the substrate, electronic and electrical equipment other than the substrate It is possible to suppress the blowing of gas by involving the component waste, and it is possible to further improve the efficiency of removing the substrate from the electronic / electric machine component waste.
なお、選別機１Ａは更に、エアーバルブから噴出させる空気の圧力（エアー圧力）を調整するコントローラ（図示せず）、カラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂ及び赤外線センサ６の近傍にそれぞれ設けられ、カラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂ及び赤外線センサ６の視界を照らす照明４ａ、４ｂ、７等を更に含んでいてもよい。 The sorter 1A is further provided near a controller (not shown) for adjusting the pressure (air pressure) of the air ejected from the air valve, the color sensors 3a and 3b, and the infrared sensor 6, respectively. It may further include illuminations 4a, 4b, 7 and the like for illuminating the field of view of 3b and the infrared sensor 6.
選別処理対象物である基板は、表裏両面がソルダーレジストで覆われているものと、片面のみソルダーレジストで覆われているものがある。一般的に、ソルダーレジストで覆われた面は緑色であり、ソルダーレジストで覆われていない面は茶色である。選別機１Ａで検出色を緑色に設定することによりソルダーレジストで覆われた面を検出し基板を選択的に除去することができる。 There are two types of substrates to be sorted, one with both front and back surfaces covered with solder resist, and the other with only one surface covered with solder resist. Generally, the surface covered with the solder resist is green, and the surface not covered with the solder resist is brown. By setting the detection color to green by the sorter 1A, the surface covered with the solder resist can be detected and the substrate can be selectively removed.
カラーセンサが処理対象物の表面又は裏面の一方のみの色彩を識別する位置にある従来の装置では、処理対象物の表面及び裏面の両面の色彩を識別するように検出色を設定する必要がある。このような従来のカラーセンサにより片方のみソルダーレジストで覆われている基板を検出する場合は、検出色をソルダーレジストで覆われている面の緑色と、ソルダーレジストで覆われていない面の茶色に設定する必要があるが、茶色や汚れた白色のプラスチック（合成樹脂類）を基板と検知するような誤検知が生じやすい。 In a conventional apparatus in which a color sensor is located at a position where only one of the front surface and the back surface of the processing object is identified, it is necessary to set the detection color so as to identify the color of both the front surface and the back surface of the processing object. . When detecting a substrate covered with solder resist on only one side using such a conventional color sensor, the detection color is green on the surface covered with solder resist and brown on the surface not covered with solder resist. It is necessary to set, but erroneous detection such as detecting brown or dirty white plastic (synthetic resins) as a substrate is likely to occur.
一方で、図１に示す選別機１Ａのように、カラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂが処理対象物の表面及び裏面の両面の色彩を識別する位置にある場合は、処理対象物の表面又は裏面の一方のみの色彩を識別するようにカラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂの検出色が設定されれば良い。カラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂが、片方のみソルダーレジストで覆われた基板を検出する場合は、検出色をソルダーレジストで覆われている面の緑色に設定することで、プラスチック（合成樹脂類）の誤検知を抑えながら基板を選択的に除去することができる。検出色はソルダーレジストの現在の標準色である緑色とすることが好ましいが、選別する基板の色調に応じて検出色を追加してもよい。例えば、選別する基板の色に応じて、赤色、青色、黒色、白色などを検出色として追加してもよい。 On the other hand, as in the sorter 1A shown in FIG. 1, when the color sensors 3a and 3b are located at positions where the colors of the front and back surfaces of the processing object are identified, only one of the front surface and the back surface of the processing object is used. The detection colors of the color sensors 3a and 3b may be set so as to identify the colors of the colors. When the color sensors 3a and 3b detect a substrate covered with solder resist only on one side, the detection color is set to green on the surface covered with the solder resist, thereby erroneously detecting plastic (synthetic resin). The substrate can be selectively removed while suppressing the temperature. The detection color is preferably green, which is the current standard color of the solder resist, but the detection color may be added according to the color tone of the substrate to be sorted. For example, red, blue, black, white, and the like may be added as detection colors according to the color of the substrate to be sorted.
処理対象物の表裏両面の色彩を識別可能な少なくとも２台のカラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂを、コンベア２の下方及び上方に配置した選別機１Ａを用いることにより、処理対象物それぞれの表裏両面の色彩を検知することが可能となるため、除去対象とする基板以外の誤検知を低減することができる。更に、カラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂで検知した電子・電気機器部品屑中の処理対象物、例えば基板に対し、面積０．５〜６ｍｍ2、ピッチ２〜８ｍｍの複数の穴５１を備えるエアーバルブ５から気体を吹き付けるように、エアーバルブ５の構成が適正化されているため、電子・電気機器部品屑中の基板をより効率良く分離除去することができる。その結果、本発明の実施の形態に係る電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法によれば、製錬工程で処理する電子・電気機器部品屑の処理量を増大でき、有価金属を効率的に回収することが可能となる。 By using a sorter 1A in which at least two color sensors 3a and 3b capable of distinguishing the colors of the front and back surfaces of the processing object are disposed below and above the conveyor 2, the colors of the front and back surfaces of each processing object can be changed. Since detection can be performed, erroneous detection of a substrate other than a substrate to be removed can be reduced. Further, an air valve 5 having a plurality of holes 51 having an area of 0.5 to 6 mm 2 and a pitch of 2 to 8 mm with respect to an object to be processed in electronic / electric device parts waste detected by the color sensors 3 a and 3 b, for example, a substrate. Since the configuration of the air valve 5 is optimized so as to blow the gas, the substrate in the electronic / electric device component waste can be more efficiently separated and removed. As a result, according to the method for treating electronic and electrical equipment component waste according to the embodiment of the present invention, the processing amount of electronic and electrical equipment component waste to be processed in the smelting process can be increased, and valuable metals can be efficiently recovered. It is possible to do.
（その他の実施の形態）
上述の実施形態では、識別部１０として、カラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂを備え、カラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂによる電子・電気機器部品屑が有する色彩の識別結果に基づいて、エアーバルブ５を駆動させる例を示した。しかしながら、カラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂの他に、又はカラーセンサ３ａ、３ｂに加えて、赤外線センサ６及びメタルセンサー８の少なくともいずれかの識別結果と組み合わせた識別結果を用いて、エアーバルブ５を稼働させてもよいことは勿論である。
(Other embodiments)
In the above-described embodiment, an example is shown in which the identification unit 10 includes the color sensors 3a and 3b, and drives the air valve 5 based on the identification result of the color of the electronic / electric device component waste by the color sensors 3a and 3b. Was. However, in addition to the color sensors 3a and 3b, or in addition to the color sensors 3a and 3b, the air valve 5 is operated using the identification result combined with the identification result of at least one of the infrared sensor 6 and the metal sensor 8. Of course, it may be possible.
更には、ここでは図示しないが、電子・電気機器部品屑中から金属物又は非金属物を除去するメタルセンサーを用いた選別機又は選別処理において、メタルセンサーによる識別結果に基づいて、エアーバルブ５が非金属物を除去物側の容器へと撃ち落とし、金属物を回収物側へ送り、非金属物を分離除去するように構成することも可能である。 Further, although not shown here, in a sorting machine or a sorting process using a metal sensor for removing metal or non-metal from electronic / electric device parts waste, based on the identification result by the metal sensor, the air valve 5 is used. It is also possible to shoot off the non-metallic material to the container on the removed material side, send the metallic material to the collected material side, and separate and remove the non-metallic material.
このように、本発明は上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合わせにより、種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素からいくつかの構成要素を削除してもよい。更に、異なる実施形態の構成要素を適宜組み合わせてもよい。 As described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be embodied by modifying the components without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the above embodiments. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Further, components of different embodiments may be appropriately combined.
１Ａ…選別機
２…コンベア
３ａ、３ｂ…カラーセンサ
４ａ…照明
５…エアーバルブ
５ａ…先端部
６…赤外線センサ
８…メタルセンサー
１０…識別部
５１…穴
1A: Sorting machine 2: Conveyor 3a, 3b: Color sensor 4a: Lighting 5: Air valve 5a: Tip 6: Infrared sensor 8: Metal sensor 10: Identification unit 51: Hole
Claims (7)
前記識別部が識別した前記電子・電気機器部品屑中の識別対象物又は非識別対象物のいずれかに対して、前記エアーバルブから前記識別対象物又は前記非識別対象物の最小直径よりも小さいスプレー幅で気体を吹き付けることにより、前記識別対象物又は非識別対象物を分離除去する工程
を含むことを特徴とする電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法。 An identification unit, an air valve, using a sorting machine equipped with a conveyor, a method of processing electronic and electrical equipment component waste to sort electronic and electrical device component waste,
For any of the identification object or the non-identification object in the electronic / electric device component waste identified by the identification unit, the air valve is smaller than the minimum diameter of the identification object or the non-identification object from the air valve. A method for separating and removing the object to be identified or the object to be unidentified by spraying a gas with a spray width.
前記カラーセンサが、前記電子・電気機器部品屑中の基板の色彩を識別することを含む請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の電子・電気機器部品屑の処理方法。 The identification unit includes a color sensor that identifies the identification target and the non-identification target based on a color of the electronic / electric device component waste,
The method for processing electronic / electric device component waste according to claim 1, wherein the color sensor includes identifying a color of a substrate in the electronic / electric device component waste.
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