JPH07256231A - Method and device for selective recovery of metal - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a fully automatic metal selective recovery device capable of selectively recovering a non-ferrous metal such as a valuable material, especially iron, copper or aluminum in an industrial waste in a high purity. CONSTITUTION:An industrial waste stored in a stock yard 1 is supplied to a pretreatment device 3 by a feeder device 2. A large-size industrial waste is previously treated, then is sent to a crusher 7 where the waste is crushed in such a manner that its constituent materials are isolated from each other, and a foam molding material is separated by a light-weight material segregation device 8, while the remaining heavy waste and the crushed pieces of a metal mass obtained by a freeze-crushing device 11 are combined together to be sent to a metal selective separation device 9. The metal selective separation device 9 segregates a ferrous metal first using a magnetic segregator 14, and a non-ferrous metal using an eddy current segregator 15. The non-ferrous metal is fed to a color segregator 16 and a specific gravity detection segregator 19 for obtaining a large-size copper or aluminum piece.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for sorting and recovering metal and its equipment, and particularly to the production of iron and copper from waste such as waste home electric appliances.
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for selecting and recovering metals suitable for selecting and recovering valuable materials such as non-ferrous metals such as aluminum.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Sorting and recovering relatively expensive valuable metals such as iron, copper and aluminum from waste mixed with non-metals such as metals and plastics has been performed for a long time, and the shapes are small and relatively uniform. Items are efficiently collected by a sorter.

As a general sorter, a magnetic sorter is used for iron and an eddy current sorter is used for copper / aluminum. Further, a wind power sorter, a vibration type sorter, and a specific gravity sorter using a heavy liquid are also commonly used.

However, with regard to non-ferrous metals, it is difficult to sort copper and aluminum with an eddy current sorter, and a wind sorter or a vibration sorter has good separation efficiency for small and uniform crushed pieces. It is difficult to sort out crushed pieces with large shapes.

Therefore, the crushed pieces having a relatively large shape are manually selected by hand. For example, as in the system described in JP-A-57-81878,
After removing iron with a magnetic force sorter, non-metals are removed with a wind force sorter, and then a non-magnetic metal sorting and collecting method and its equipment are manually sorted.

[0006]

As described above, in the current waste treatment system, since there is no optimum sorting device, sorting of crushed pieces of valuable non-ferrous metal such as copper and aluminum having a relatively large shape is manually performed. Is done by.

Therefore, it is essential that the object of the present invention is to free the operator from a bad environment such as noise, dirt, and danger and to reduce the running cost related to the treatment because of the nature of waste treatment. To provide an automatic sorter for large sized fragments of valuable non-ferrous metals such as copper and aluminum, which have been considered difficult, and to provide a waste treatment system consisting of a combination of sorters optimal for recovery efficiency and purity. The purpose is to

[0008]

The method and apparatus for selecting and recovering metal according to the present invention is a method and apparatus for recovering non-ferrous metal from crushed waste and has the following characteristics. ◆ (1) After selecting a non-ferrous metal of a size larger than a predetermined size from the crushed pieces of waste, identify the material of each crushed piece of the selected non-ferrous metal. That is, the apparatus is provided with at least a means for selecting a non-ferrous metal having a predetermined size or more from the waste crushed pieces, and a means for identifying the material of the selected non-ferrous metal for each crushed piece. The material identification is a concept including material detection (hereinafter the same).

(2) After selecting a non-ferrous metal of a predetermined size or more from the waste crushed pieces, the selected non-ferrous metal is identified for each crushed piece, and the non-ferrous metal crushed pieces are selected according to the material. thing. That is, as the device, means for selecting a non-ferrous metal of a predetermined size or more from waste crushed pieces, means for identifying the material of each selected crushed non-ferrous metal, and non-ferrous metal crushed pieces according to the material And means for selecting.

(3) After selecting a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size from the waste crushed pieces, the material of the selected non-ferrous metal is identified for each crushed piece, and the specific gravity of the crushed piece itself is obtained. That is, as the device, a means for selecting a non-ferrous metal of a predetermined size or more from the waste fragments, a means for identifying the material of the selected non-ferrous metal for each fragment, and a means for determining the specific gravity of the fragment itself. And is equipped with.

(4) After selecting a non-ferrous metal of a predetermined size or more from the crushed waste pieces, the selected non-ferrous metal is identified for each crushed piece, and the specific gravity of the crushed piece itself is determined. The non-ferrous metal crushed pieces are selected by using the results of the identification and detection and the specific gravity data of the crushed pieces themselves. That is, as the device, means for selecting a non-ferrous metal of a predetermined size or more from waste crushed pieces, means for identifying the material of each selected crushed non-ferrous metal, the specific gravity of the crushed pieces themselves, It is provided with means for selecting non-ferrous metal crushed pieces by using the result of the material identification detection and the specific gravity data of the crushed pieces themselves.

(5) In any one of the above (1) to (4), the selection according to the shape of the crushed pieces is also used.
◆ (6) In (3) or (4) above, the specific gravity of the crushed pieces should be determined by detecting the volume and weight respectively.

(7) In the above (3) or (4),
The specific gravity of the crushed pieces is calculated by detecting the weight Wa of the crushed pieces in the gas and the weight Wl of the crushed pieces in the liquid having a specific gravity of γl by the following formula γm = (Wa
-Calculate the specific gravity γm of the crushed pieces from γl) / (Wa-Wl).

(8) In any one of the above (1) to (7), when a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size is selected from the waste fragments, a force is applied to the fragments to perform the sorting. ◆ (9) In (8) above, the selection is based on magnetic force, electromagnetic induction force due to eddy current, wind force and / or vibration force.

(10) In any one of (1) to (7) above, sieving is used when selecting a non-ferrous metal of a predetermined size or more from the waste crushed pieces. (11) In the above (5), the sieving (including vibrating sieving; the same applies hereinafter) is used for shape selection.

(12) In any one of the above (1) to (11), color detection, volume and weight detection, and / or X-ray transmission amount detection is used for material identification. (13) In any one of (1) to (12) above, the predetermined size or more means that the maximum length is 10 mm to 200 mm, preferably 20 mm to 200 mm (in contrast, it is small enough to pass eddy current etc.). The crushed material is treated as non-metal. The maximum length is less than 10 mm as a guide for size).

(14) In any one of the above (1) to (13), at least aluminum or aluminum alloy and copper or copper alloy are mixed as crushed pieces in the non-ferrous metal, and at least aluminum or aluminum alloy is formed. Select the group and the group of copper or copper alloy through color selection or color detection and specific gravity detection.

(15) Each of stock yard for storing waste and each means of refrigerant recovery means, glass take-out means, substrate take-out means, metal lump separating means provided with a motor and a compressor, or a combination thereof. Consisting of a pretreatment device, a supply device that supplies waste from the stockyard to the pretreatment device, a freezing crushing device that crushes the large metal separated by the metal lump separation means, and a waste that has separated the large metal. It consists of a crushing device that crushes, a light weight sorting device that separates lightweight materials such as foam molding materials from crushed waste, waste that excludes lightweight materials, and metal blocks and copper wires that are crushed finely by a freeze crushing device. In a metal sorting / collecting device equipped with a metal sorting device for sorting metal from waste, the metal sorting device is equipped with a magnetic sorting machine, and then with an eddy current sorting machine, It is equipped with a color detector and / or a specific gravity detection sorter (a device that determines the specific gravity of the crushed pieces themselves, hereinafter the same) for the crushed pieces that have been separated. After that, it must be equipped with a wind sorter and a vibration sorter.

(16) In the above (15), the metal sorter is equipped with a magnetic sorter and then with a wind sorter,
A specific gravity detection and sorting machine is provided for the crushed pieces collected from the heavy gravity collection side of the wind power sorter, and a crushed piece collected from the low specific gravity side of the wind power sorter is further equipped with a wind power sorter after that. thing.

(17) In the above (15), the metal sorter is equipped with a magnetic sorter and then with an eddy current sorter, and an X-ray sorter is applied to the crushed pieces separated by the eddy current sorter. The other crushed pieces in the eddy current sorter shall be followed by a wind sorter and a vibration sorter.

(18) Each of the stockyard for storing wastes, the means for collecting the refrigerant, the means for taking out the glasses, the means for taking out the substrates, the means for separating the metal mass comprising the motor and the compressor, or the means thereof. Pretreatment equipment consisting of a combination, supply equipment that supplies waste from the stockyard to the pretreatment equipment, refrigeration crushing equipment that crushes the large metal separated by the metal lump separation means, and waste that has separated large metal A crushing device for crushing, a light weight sorting device for separating lightweight materials such as foamed molding materials from crushed waste, waste excluding lightweight materials and metal blocks and copper wires finely crushed by a freeze crushing device In a metal sorting and collecting apparatus, which comprises a metal sorting apparatus that sorts metal from waste, the metal sorting apparatus includes a magnetic sorting machine, and then an eddy current sorting machine. Equipped with a color detector and / or a specific gravity detection sorter for determining the specific gravity of the crushed pieces themselves for separated crushed pieces. Equipped with
Further, a copper wire removing device is provided after the freezing and crushing device, and a sieve sorter is provided for the crushed pieces separated by the wind separator.

(19) In the above (18), the metal sorting and collecting apparatus is composed of wastes obtained by removing light-weight materials such as foam molding materials from crushed wastes, and metal lumps and copper wires finely crushed by the freeze crusher. Provide a copper wire removal device in front of a metal sorting device that sorts metal from waste, and provide a sieving sorter for crushed pieces separated by a wind sorter.

(20) In any one of the above (15) to (19), the color detector is a lighting device and a color sensor, a signal processing circuit of the color sensor, a detection result of the color signal, and a color of a known material. An arithmetic circuit (C
PU) and a storage circuit (RAM, ROM), an air source, a plurality of air-nozzles, an electromagnetic valve, and an air pipe connecting the air source and each air-nozzle via an electromagnetic valve, and based on the determination result. Must have a control circuit that can operate multiple applicable solenoid valves.

(21) In any one of the above (15) to (19), the specific gravity detection / sorting machine has a load detector provided on the rotating shaft, a receiving plate connected to the load detector, and the periphery of the receiving plate. A load measuring machine consisting of a partition plate installed in the vehicle, two sets of conveyor belts arranged so that some of the belts overlap each other, and a shape measurement consisting of two sets of shape sensors provided on each conveyor belt. Machine, a photo sensor that detects the passage of crushed pieces, a movable guide that can select the collection port for crushed pieces, a load detection signal, and a shape detection signal to calculate the specific gravity of the crushed pieces, and It must have an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit for making specific comparisons with specific gravity data, and a control circuit for the movable guide.

(22) In any one of the above (15) to (19), the specific gravity detection / sorting device has a tray supported via a load detector, a liquid tank for containing a liquid, and a liquid in the liquid tank for the tray. A drive mechanism that can move between the inside and the air above the liquid tank, a calculation function that calculates the specific gravity from the detected load in the air and the detected load in the liquid, and compares it with the reference value. An actuator for sending the object to be measured on the saucer to the collecting unit in response.

(23) In the above (17), the X-ray selection device is provided on the conveyor belt around the shape sensor, the X-ray generation device and the X-ray detection sensor, and the X-ray generation device and the X-ray detection sensor. An X-ray shielding box, a photo sensor for detecting passage of crushed pieces, a movable guide capable of selecting a collection opening for crushed pieces, a shape detection signal and an X-ray detection signal, and X-ray transmission for a known material. It must have an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit for comparing and determining quantity and a control circuit for the movable guide.

(24) In the above (18) or (19), the copper wire removing device comprises a conveyor belt using a mesh mesh belt, a vibration exciter for vibrating the mesh belt, and a conveyor section for the mesh belt. A crushed piece collection guide other than the copper wire lump provided at the bottom must be provided.

[0028]

The operation of the method and apparatus for selecting and recovering metal having the above-mentioned structure will be described by taking the treatment of waste home electric appliances as an example.
The metal sorting / collecting device of the present invention includes a stock yard for storing waste and a supply device for supplying the waste from the stock yard to the pretreatment device. A typical large-scale waste, which is made of plastics in addition to metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum, is a typical large-scale waste product that is collected by a collection vehicle and stored in a stockyard.

The waste home appliances stored in the stockyard are sent to the pretreatment device by the supply device. The pretreatment device is a refrigerant recovery means for recovering a refrigerant from waste, a metal lump separation means, a glass removal means for removing glass, a substrate removal means for removing substrates, and a metal lump for separating metal lumps. It is equipped with a sorting means. Therefore, in the case of a refrigerator or an air conditioner in the pretreatment device, first, the refrigerant in the refrigerator is extracted by the refrigerant recovery means, and then the compressor is removed by the metal lump separating means.

In the case of a TV, the cathode ray tube is removed by the glass take-out means, and the substrates are taken out by the substrate take-out means. In the case of a household electric appliance such as a washing machine, the metal lump separating means is used to remove the metal lump such as the motor. ◆ Here, the metal lump separating means takes a large lump of metal such as a compressor and a motor, and is generally achieved by a method of cutting from a weak place such as a shearing machine.

Next, a freezing and crushing device for crushing the large metal separated by the metal lump separating means, a crushing device for crushing the waste separated from the large metal, and a foam molding material from the crushed waste. Since it is equipped with a lightweight material sorting device that separates it from other waste, the waste from which the pretreatment is performed and the large metal is separated is roughly crushed to a degree that it is roughly divided by the crushing device for each material, It is sent to a light weight sorting device.

At this time, the waste home appliances that have been subjected to these pretreatments are processed by a crushing device with a crushing mechanism of one or two stages to 100 m.
It is crushed to a size of about m and released for each material. Then, the waste that is crushed by the crushing device and released for each material separates the foamed molding material such as urethane foam by the light weight sorting device, and the foamed molding material is sent to the foam material recovery device as light waste and foam-molded. The separated heavy waste is sent to a metal separation device.

On the other hand, the metal lumps such as the compressor and the motor separated by the pretreatment device are crushed by the crushing device, and sent to the metal separating device together with the heavy waste discharged from the lightweight material separating device. If the crushing device is composed of a cooling device and an impact crusher, it can be crushed by a relatively small impact by utilizing the low temperature brittleness of metal.

The waste treatment device separates ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal from the large metal crushed by the freeze crusher and the waste other than the foam molding material crushed by the light weight sorter, respectively. Equipped with a sorting device. This metal sorting device includes a magnetic sorter and an eddy current sorter. First, a magnetic sorter can sort iron-based metals, and then an eddy current sorter can separate non-ferrous metals.

Since the metal sorter is equipped with the color sorter, the specific gravity detection sorter, the wind sorter and the vibration type sorter after the eddy current sorter, the color sorter and the specific gravity detection sorter are used together. It is possible to separate relatively large crushed pieces of aluminum and copper having a size of 10 mm or more, and it is also possible to separate small crushed pieces of copper and aluminum having a size of 10 mm or less by a wind sorter and a vibration sorter.

As described above, it is possible to efficiently recover ferrous and non-ferrous metals, particularly copper and aluminum with high purity from wastes in which various shapes of metals and non-metals such as plastics are mixed.

[0037]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. [Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a metal sorting and collecting apparatus of this embodiment. ◆ In Fig. 1, first, waste is stored in stockyard 1 roughly classified by type. The supply device 2 is a device that supplies waste from the stockyard 1 to the pretreatment device 3. Reference numeral 3 denotes a pretreatment device, and in this example, a refrigerant recovery means 4 (pretreatment for waste refrigerator, waste air conditioner, etc.), (large) glass extraction means 5 (pretreatment for waste TV, waste CRT, etc.), substrates It includes a take-out means 10 (waste household appliances in general) and a metal lump separating means 6 (pretreatment for a washing machine and a refrigerator).

Therefore, from the supply device 7, each pretreatment mechanism 5,
10 and 4, 6 are supplied to the pretreatment device 3 either directly for each waste home electric appliance or appropriately via a plurality of pretreatment mechanisms 5, 10, 4, and 6.

After passing through the metal ingot separating means 6 in the pretreatment device 3, the metal ingot is sent to the freeze crushing device 11 and is embrittled while being in contact with a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen in the cooling device 12 and applied to the crusher 13. . On the other hand, the waste from which the metal lumps have been separated by the metal lump separating means 6 is applied to a crushing device 7 consisting of a one-stage or two-stage crusher, and then to a lightweight material separating device 8 to remove a heat insulating material such as a refrigerator. Lightweight items are separated here.

The crushed metal lump that has passed through the crusher 13 and the crushed material after the lightweight material is sorted are both put into the metal sorting device 9 and applied to the plastic sorting device 62 after the metal sorting process.
The metal sorter 9 includes a magnetic sorter 14, an eddy current sorter 15, a color sorter 16, a specific gravity detection sorter 19, a wind sorter 17, and a vibration sorter 18.

Next, the processing will be described by taking discarded home electric appliances as an example. ◆ Waste electrical appliances collected by collection trucks are stored in stockyard 1 in four categories: refrigerator, air conditioner, TV, washing machine, etc. Stockyard 1
The waste home electric appliances stored in are extracted by type by the supply device 2 and sent to the pretreatment device 3. In the pretreatment device 3, when the discarded home electric appliances are refrigerators and air conditioners, the refrigerant recovery means 4
The refrigerant in the refrigerator is extracted and collected by. Next, the compressor is removed from the refrigerator by the metal lump separating means 6.

When the discarded home electric appliances are televisions, the cathode ray tube is removed by the glass take-out means 5 and the substrates are taken out by the board take-out means 10. When the discarded home electric appliances are washing machines or the like and the discarded home electric appliances other than the refrigerator, the air conditioner, and the TV are used, the metal ingot separating device 6 removes the metal ingots such as the motor.

The household electric appliances which have been subjected to these pretreatments and from which the above metal lumps have been removed are sent to the crushing device 7 and the crushing device 7
Thus, the material is crushed to a size of about 50 to 100 mm by a crushing mechanism of one or two steps and released for each material. Particularly in the case of a refrigerator, it is necessary to separate the heat insulating material (foam molding material; polyurethane) from the thin iron plate, and for this purpose, a multistage crushing mechanism is advantageous.

The waste material crushed by the crushing device 7 and released for each material is sent to the lightweight material sorting device 8 and the foamed molding material such as urethane foam is separated by the lightweight material sorting device 8 to make the foamed molding material light. Separated as waste. The heavy waste obtained by separating the foamed molding material is sent to the metal separating device 9.

On the other hand, the metal lumps such as the compressor and the motor separated by the metal lump separating means 6 of the pretreatment device 3 are sent to the freeze crushing device 11. In the freezing and crushing device 11, the cooling device 12 first cools it to a low temperature of -100 ° C or less, and then the crusher 1
3 and is crushed by a relatively small impact utilizing the low temperature brittleness of the metal, and sent to the metal separating device 9 together with the heavy waste discharged from the light weight separating device 8.

In the metal separating device 9, first, the magnetic separator 14 is used.
At, iron-based metals are separated and recovered as iron-based metals. next,
The eddy current selector 15 separates crushed pieces (maximum length 10 mm to 200 mm) of non-ferrous metals, particularly copper and aluminum, of relatively large shapes (medium and large pieces), and then the color selector (also a color detector). 16) disperse the reflected light on the surface,
Identify copper or aluminum from the difference in color composition.

That is, in the color detector 16, copper and aluminum are generally separated. The present invention can be completed at this stage in separating copper and aluminum, but in the present example, the specific gravity is further detected by the specific gravity detection and sorting machine 19 to again identify and separate copper or aluminum. In the specific gravity detection / sorting device 19, copper, aluminum and others are separated.

Next, the crushed pieces (mainly non-metal) collected on the other side by the eddy current sorter 15 are further separated by the wind force sorter 17, and the crushed pieces collected on the light specific gravity side are plastic. Send to the sorting device 62. Wind power sorter 1
The crushed pieces (mainly non-ferrous metal, maximum length less than 10 mm) collected on the heavy specific gravity side in 7 are crushed pieces of copper and aluminum having a relatively small shape.
Select copper, aluminum, etc. by 8.

The color sorter 16 may be indistinguishable due to a large error in the spectroscopic result of the reflected light when the material is not exposed on the surface such as dirt on the surface, coating, plating, or the like. Therefore, we select copper and aluminum that can be clearly identified,
In the case of an intermediate value, it is set as other, and the specific gravity is further determined by the specific gravity detection and sorting machine 19 to perform the sorting.

In this example, since color detection and specific gravity detection / sorting are used in combination, high purity non-ferrous metal sorting is possible, and there is an effect that the recovery rate of each metal is improved. Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment shows an example in which the color sorter of the metal sorter 9 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is omitted and the specific gravity detection sorter 19 is used. The wind power sorter 17-1 is divided into a heavy specific gravity material and a light specific gravity material out of the remaining iron separated by the magnetic separator 14 in place of the eddy current separator 15 of the example of FIG. The wind speed sorter 17-2 in the latter stage has a weaker wind speed than the wind speed sorter 17-1, and the wind force sorter 17-3 is the wind sorter 17-1.
-Weaker wind power than -2. The wind power sorter 17-3 replaces the vibration type sorter 18 of FIG.

According to this example, since the color sorter is omitted, the apparatus is simplified and the sorting can be performed at a low cost. In particular, this example
This is effective when there are no materials with similar differences in specific gravity. Further, since the eddy current sorter and the vibration sorter are replaced with the wind force sorter, there is an effect that the configuration is simple and the throughput can be increased.

Still another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. ◆
This example is an example in which an X-ray type sorting machine 20 is used instead of the color sorting machine of FIG. The X-ray sorter uses the principle that the X-ray transmission degree differs depending on the material, and according to this example, there is an effect that it is hardly affected by the state of the surface of the material.

Next, in FIG.
An example in which a copper wire removing device 21 for removing a lump of copper wire in which copper wires are entangled after crushing a metal lump such as a compressor or a compressor is shown. A big difference from the example of FIG. 1 is that a copper wire removing device 21 is provided after the freezing and crushing device 11 and a sieve sorter 22 is provided after the wind sorter 17. After separating the copper wire block by the copper wire removing device 21, the light weight sorting device 8
It will be subjected to magnetic sorting together with the crushed material passing through, and the copper wire will be removed by the sieve sorter 22 and then put into the plastic sorting device 62.

On the other hand, in FIG. 5, after removing the light weights by the light weight sorting device 8, the metal sorting device 9 together with the crushed pieces obtained by crushing the metal lumps such as the motor and the compressor by the freeze crushing device 11.
An example in which a copper wire removing device 21 for removing a copper wire lump in which the copper wires are entangled with each other before the sorting processing is performed will be described.

The structure of each metal sorter will be described below. ◆ FIG. 6 shows a configuration example of the magnetic force sorter 14. Among the crushed pieces 251 conveyed by the conveyor belt 241, the iron-based metal is a separation belt 371 having a magnet 381 built therein.
Are adsorbed by the and separated from other crushed pieces. In the figure, A1 is a non-magnetic material conveying direction, B1 is a magnetic material conveying direction, 100 is a conveyed magnetic material, and 101 is a conveyed non-magnetic material. According to this magnetic force sorter, the magnetic material can be easily separated.

FIG. 7 shows a configuration example of the eddy current type sorting machine 15. The crushed pieces 252 thrown in from the hopper 232 are conveyed by the conveyor belt 242, and electromagnetic force is generated by the rotation of the magnetic pole rotor 402 driven by the motor built in the drum 392 around the conveyor belt 242. Collected relatively large crushed pieces of copper and aluminum
Recovered to 2.

Since non-metal does not receive electromagnetic force, the recovery port 4
22. It should be noted that the small pieces of iron-based metal that have not been recovered by the magnetic force sorter are adsorbed by the magnetic pole rotor 402, and thus are recovered by the recovery port 432. In the figure, A2 is an electromagnetic induction material recovery direction, B2 is a non-metal recovery direction, and C2 is a magnetic material recovery direction. According to this eddy current type sorting machine, there is an effect that non-ferrous metal having a predetermined size or more can be easily collected.

FIG. 8 shows an example of the structure of the color sorter 16. ◆ The crushed pieces 253 fed from the hopper 233 are the conveyor belt 2
It is conveyed by 43, falls from the conveyor belt 243, and slides down on the inclined guide plate 263. At this time, the reflected light of the light from the illumination device 323 is detected by the color sensor 333 when passing through the detection position 1073.

As an idea, a color filter 343 is attached to the color sensor 333, and the color sensor 333 has a size of 0.38 to 0.7.
Wavelengths other than 7 μm are cut, and the reflected light amounts for the wavelengths of the R (red), G (green), and B (blue) components are measured to obtain the reflectance. According to this example, high-speed and high-definition discrimination is possible with a simple structure.

Next, based on the difference in reflectance between aluminum and copper shown in FIG. 9 (relationship diagram of wavelength and reflectance), the reflectance measured by the above method is compared and judged which of aluminum and copper is closer. , Select. In FIG. 9, reference numeral 3
Reference numeral 53 indicates the reflectance for the wavelength of aluminum, and reference numeral 363 indicates the reflectance for the wavelength of copper.

Detection position 107 of the inclined guide plate 263
3, a plurality of injection ports 273 are provided below, and the air source 10 corresponding to each injection port 273 is provided on the back side thereof.
A plurality of air-nozzles 1063 connected from 93 by an air pipe 293 via a solenoid valve 283 are arranged. Note that reference numeral 1083 is the position of the air nozzle.

As described above, the solenoid valve 283 of the corresponding air-nozzle 1063 is operated with respect to the position and size of the crushed pieces that have passed, based on the result of comparison and determination based on the difference in reflectance. ◆ When collecting to the collection port 303 in front,
Air is not ejected from the ejection port 273, and the other recovery port 3
In the case of collecting to the No. 13, the electromagnetic valve 28 is operated so as to inject air from the injection port 273.

In another embodiment, after the reflected light of light is detected by the color sensor 333, it is electrically adjusted to 0.38.
The reflectance may be determined by a method of cutting the wavelengths other than 0.77 μm and detecting the reflected light amounts for the wavelengths of the R, G, and B components. The subsequent selection method is the same. According to this example, R, G, B3
There is an effect that the reflectance of the primary colors can be processed at high speed.

In the above example, the discrimination between aluminum and copper is shown as an example, but other non-ferrous metals and non-ferrous alloys can be similarly distinguished in principle. That is, if typical reflectance is shown, for example, for silver, red (R; wavelength 0.7 μm) 99%, green (G; wavelength 0.53 μm) 9
8% and blue (B; wavelength 0.46 μm) 97%.

FIG. 10 shows a circuit configuration of the color sorter 16. That is, the CPU 443, the RAM 453, the ROM 463, the signal processing circuit 483, and some drivers 493 are connected to the interface 473, and the nozzle solenoid valve 283 is provided in each driver 493 and the color sensor 33 is provided in the signal processing circuit 483. Are connected.

The color sensor 333 detects the reflected light,
The signal processing circuit 483 separates each component (wavelength 0.64 to 0.7
7 μm red, 0.49 to 0.55 μm green, 0.4
The brightness level of the reflected light of 3 to 0.49 μm (blue color) is obtained. With respect to the brightness level of each component captured via the interface 473, the CPU 443 similarly calculates the ratio of the brightness level of the reflected light to the brightness level of each component of the incident light to obtain the reflectance of each component.

Next, the CPU 443 compares and determines the measured reflectances for the above red, green, and blue with the reflectances for each color of the known material (for example, copper or aluminum) in the ROM 463 or RAM 453. Determine the material of the crushed pieces. Next, if the determination is copper, the nozzle solenoid valve 283 is turned off, the air is not ejected by closing the valve, and the crushed pieces 253 are recovered by the first recovery port 303.

If the judgment is aluminum, the nozzle solenoid valve 283 is turned on via the driver 493, and the air is jetted by opening the valve, and the crushed pieces 25
3 is recovered in the recovery port 313.

FIG. 11 shows a flow chart of the selection by the color selector 16. ◆ After the start (513), the reflected light of the fragment is detected as a color signal (533), and further red (R),
Detects the brightness level of the wavelengths of green (G) and blue (B) (54
3) Then, the reflectance with respect to the brightness level of the incident light of each color component is obtained, and then compared with the known reflectances of copper and aluminum (553). As a result, when the measured reflectance of the crushed pieces is close to the reference reflectance of copper, the nozzle solenoid valve 283 is closed (603) and the crushed pieces are collected in the collection port (1) 303. If the measured reflectance is different from the reference reflectance of copper, the nozzle solenoid valve 283 is opened (5
73), and collects in the collection port (2) 313.

After that, when the nozzle solenoid valve 283 is opened, the nozzle solenoid valve is closed after a certain time (583), and the color signal of the fragment is detected again. However, the stop detection (523) is performed before the color signal is detected again, and the stop (613) is performed when the color signal is stopped.

FIG. 12 shows an example of the structure of the specific gravity detection / sorting machine 19. The crushed pieces 254 are conveyed by the conveyor belt 244, the weight is first measured by the load measuring machine 1114, and then the volume of the crushed pieces is calculated by the shape measuring machine 1124 from the measurement result. After that, the specific gravity of the crushed pieces 254 is calculated from the weight and the volume, the specific gravity of the crushed pieces 254 is compared and determined, and the movable guide 704 is operated to change the inclination. Collect 314.

Explaining in more detail, the load measuring machine 111
4, a load detector 644 is provided around the rotation shaft 674, and a receiving plate 654 is provided on the load detector 644 via a spring 664. Also, the load detector 644
The space between them is partitioned by a partition plate 634, and the side surface is a side plate 11.
It is surrounded by 04.

Next, the operation will be described. The crushed pieces 254 are conveyed by the conveyor belt 244, fall at the ends and enter the weight measuring section of one section of the load measuring machine 1114. Then,
The load detector 644 is formed by compressing the spring on the receiving plate 654.
The weight is detected by. The load measuring machine 1114 is rotating, and the crushed pieces 254 fall on the conveyor belt 244 ′ of the shape measuring machine 1124 at a position rotated by 180 degrees or more.

Next, the shape measuring machine 1124 is composed of two sets of conveyor belts, and the second set of conveyor belts 244 ″ is arranged so as to overlap each other at the conveying end of one pair of conveyor belts 244 ′. Shape sensors 684 ', 6 on the transport surface of
84 ″ are provided respectively. First, while being conveyed by the first conveyor belt 244 ′, the surface shape of one surface of the crushed piece 254 is measured. At this time, the surface shape of the reference surface such as the belt surface is measured. The surface shape of one surface of the crushed pieces 254 can be measured with higher accuracy.

Next, the crushed pieces 254 are the first conveyor belt 2
When further conveyed by 44 ', the second set of conveyor belts 2
After passing through the overlapping portion of the 44 ", the surface is inverted and conveyed, so that the back surface measured first is the conveyor belt 2
44 ″ surface. Therefore, the shape sensor 684 ″ provided on the second set of conveyor belts 244 ″ measures the surface shape and calculates the relative difference from the measurement result of the first surface. Then, the volume of the crushed pieces 254 is calculated.Hereinafter, the sorting is performed according to the flow described above.

Reference numeral 694 indicates the position of the movable guide 704 at the time of recovery to the second recovery port 314 when A4 is aluminum, and B4 is the recovery position at the first recovery port 304 when copper is used. The position of the movable guide 704 when performing is shown. According to this example, the shape sensors 684 ′, 68
There is an effect that the volume of the crushed pieces by 4 "can be measured with high accuracy.

FIG. 13 shows the circuit structure of the specific gravity detection / sorting machine in this example. That is, the CPU 444, the RAM 454, and the ROM 46 centering on the interface 474.
4, two signal processing circuits 484, a driver 494, and two amplifiers 714 are connected to this, a movable guide 704 is connected to the driver 494, and shape sensors 684 ′ and 684 ″ are connected to each signal processing circuit 484. Amplifier 71
4 is connected to the load cell 644, and the other amplifier 714 is connected to the photo sensor 694.

Load cell 644 via amplifier 714
The weight of the crushed pieces 254 is detected by and is stored in the RAM 454 via the interface 474. Further, the first shape sensor 684 ′ measures the shape of one surface of the crushed piece 254, and the crushed piece 254 is passed through the signal processing circuit 484.
The dimension in the height direction with respect to the position of the shape is obtained, and similarly stored in the RAM 454 as each data.

Next, by the second shape sensor 684 ",
The other surface shape of the crushed piece 254 is measured, and the signal processing circuit 48
Similarly, the size in the height direction with respect to the position of each shape is obtained through 4 and stored in the RAM 454. Then, crushed pieces 25
From the shape data of both sides of 4, the CPU 444 calculates the relative difference.
And calculate the volume.

The specific gravity of the crushed pieces 254 is calculated from the measured value of the weight and the measured value of the volume in the RAM 454, and the ROM 46
The material is recognized by comparing it with the specific gravity data of the known material (for example, copper or aluminum) in 4. When it is recognized as copper or aluminum, the movable guide 704 is actuated in accordance with the passage detection of the crushed pieces 254 of the photosensor 694, and the movable guide 704 is collected into the collection port (1) 304 and the collection port (2) 314, respectively.

FIG. 14 shows a flow chart of sorting by the specific gravity detection sorting machine in this example. ◆ After the start (514), the crushed pieces of the detection portion are removed (724; this is the step of operating the conveyor belts 244 ', 244 "to remove the residual crushed pieces on the belt for confirmation. The same shall apply)), the weight (i) is detected (734), and the reference number (i) is given, where the weight, the surface shape (1), and the surface shape (2) are sequentially measured separately. To C
This is a number for the crushed pieces 254 to calculate the specific gravity from the respective measured values of the same crushed pieces by the PU 444, and will be treated according to this also in the following examples.

Then, the first shape sensor 684 'measures the first surface shape of the crushed pieces (744. Corresponding to reference numeral (i)). After that, a second surface shape measurement is performed on the same fragment by the second shape sensor 684 ″ (754.
Reference number (i)), and then calculate (764) the volume (i) from the first surface shape (i) and the second surface shape (i), and calculate the specific gravity together with the previously obtained weight (i). (I) is calculated (774).

Further, the specific gravity of the crushed pieces is compared (784),
If the specific gravity (i) is greater than or equal to the reference value, the position of the movable guide 704 is set to the collection position = 1 (794), and if the specific gravity (i) is less than the reference value, the position of the movable guide 704 is set to the collection position = 2 (824). ). In response to this, the photo sensor 694 is turned off.
Whether or not N is determined (804), and the movable guide 704 is operated (814). Thereafter, the step (724) and the subsequent steps are repeated, and the step (614) is appropriately stopped.

Here, the reference value is the specific gravity of a known material, which is 8.9 for copper and 2.7 for aluminum. If it is copper, the position of the movable guide 704 is set to B4, and it is collected in the collection port (1) (collection position = 1) 304. If it is aluminum, the position of the movable guide 704 is set to A4, and the collection port (2)
(Collection position = 2) 314 is collected.

FIG. 15 shows the structure of a specific gravity detection / sorting machine 19 using another method. ◆ The crushed pieces 254 are the conveyor belt 24.
4 ', and guide plate 264 at the end of the conveyor belt.
And enters the saucer 1144. Saucer 114
4 detects the weight of the crushed pieces 254 in the air by the load detector 644 above the saucer support shaft 1264. Let its weight be Wa.

Next, the liquid tank 1164 containing the liquid and the pan 1144 and the load detector 644 above the pan supporting shaft 1264 are synchronously rotated around the fixed shaft 1214, and at the same time, the pan 1144 and the pan supporting shaft 1264. The load detector 644 on the upper part of the tank and the pan 1144 are connected to the liquid tank 116.
It is lowered until it is submerged in the liquid in 4, and the weight of the crushed pieces 254 is detected therein. Let its weight be Wl.

Next, the tray 1144 and the tray support shaft 1
The load detector 644 above the H.264 and the pan 1144 are raised until they come out of the liquid in the liquid tank 1164. Specific gravity γm
Is calculated from the weight Wa of the crushed pieces 254 in the air and the weight Wl of the crushed pieces 254 in the liquid, with the specific gravity of the liquid being γl.

Γm = (Waγl) / (Wa-Wl) Then, the calculated specific gravity is compared with the specific gravity of a known material, for example, the specific gravity of copper or aluminum to recognize the material, and depending on the recognition result. Air is collected in each collecting unit by the air injection pressure or the like.

Reference numeral 714 'is an amplifier for the load cell 644, and 1154 is a load cell support arm 1244.
Is a spring for pressing the cam member 1234 to move up and down in accordance with the rotation of the cam member 1234, 1174 is a liquid (for example, water), 1194 is a bearing, 1204 is a gear, and 1234 is a cam. 1244 is a member, 1244 is a load cell support arm for instructing the load cell 644, 1254 is a slip ring, 1274 is an upper stop position (position for pulling up the tray from the liquid and stopping it), and 1284 is a slide shaft. .

Next, the tray 1144 and the tray support shaft 1
The load detector 644 above the H.264 and the pan 1144 are raised until they come out of the liquid in the liquid tank 1164. Specific gravity γm
Is calculated from the weight Wa of the crushed pieces 254 in the air and the weight Wl of the crushed pieces 254 in the liquid, with the specific gravity of the liquid being γl.

Γm = (Wa · γl) / (Wa-Wl) Thereafter, the calculated specific gravity is compared with the specific gravity of a known material, for example, the specific gravity of copper or aluminum, to recognize the material, and depending on the recognition result. Air is collected in each collecting unit by the air injection pressure or the like.

Reference numeral 714 'is an amplifier for the load cell 644, and 1154 is a load cell support arm 1244.
Is a spring for pressing the cam member 1234 to move up and down in accordance with the rotation of the cam member 1234, 1174 is a liquid (for example, water), 1194 is a bearing, 1204 is a gear, and 1234 is a cam. 1244 is a member, 1244 is a load cell support arm for instructing the load cell 644, 1254 is a slip ring, 1274 is an upper stop position (position for pulling up the tray from the liquid and stopping it), and 1284 is a slide shaft. .

FIG. 16 shows the circuit structure of the specific gravity detection / sorting machine in this example. That is, the CPU 444 ', the RAM 454', and the ROM 4 centering on the interface 474 '.
64 ', two amplifiers 714', three drivers 49
4'is connected thereto, and the three drivers 494 'include a liquid supply solenoid valve 504, an air solenoid valve 284', a drive motor 1184 (see FIG. 15 for all), and two amplifiers 71.
A load cell 644 and a liquid level gauge 1224 are connected to 4 ′, respectively.

The load cell 64 is passed through the amplifier 714 '.
4 measures the weight of the crushed pieces 254 in the air and in the liquid, and the RAM 454 ′ through the interface 474 ′.
Remember. Thereafter, the CPU 444 'calculates the specific gravity of the crushed pieces 254 from the weight of the crushed pieces and the liquid specific gravity stored in the ROM 464', and compares the specific gravity with the known material in the ROM 464 'to recognize the material. Based on the result, the weight measurement is completed, the air solenoid valve 284 'is operated on the tray at the upper stop position, and air is jetted according to the collection position to collect the crushed pieces.

Further, the liquid level is detected by a liquid level gauge, and RO
When it becomes lower than the set level data in M464 ',
The liquid supply solenoid valve 504 is operated to replenish the liquid. The liquid level is detected by the liquid level gauge and compared with the set level data in the ROM 464 '. When the set value is reached, the liquid supply solenoid valve 504 is closed.

FIG. 17 shows a flow chart of sorting by the specific gravity detection sorting machine in this example. After the start (514 '), the crushed pieces are supplied to the weight detection unit (1294'), and the weight Wa (i) of the crushed pieces in the air is detected to detect the reference number (i).
Is added (1304 ′). Then, the water tank and the weight detection unit are rotated (1314 ′), and the buoyancy measurement position of the fragment is detected by a photosensor (not shown) provided at the measurement position (1324 ′), and the weight Wl of the fragment in the liquid ( i) is detected (1334 ′), and the specific gravity is calculated (γ (i). 1
344 '), the specific gravity of the crushed pieces is compared (784'). If the specific gravity γ (i) is greater than or equal to the reference value, the air nozzle is opened (1354 ′), and if the specific gravity γ (i) is less than the reference value, the air nozzle is closed (1364 ′). Thereafter, the process (1294 ′) is sequentially repeated, and the process is appropriately stopped (614 ′).

FIG. 18 shows a structural example of the X-ray type sorting machine 20. The crushed pieces 255 input from the hopper 235 are conveyed by the conveyor belt 245. An X-ray generation device 835 is provided at the conveyance portion of the conveyance belt 245, and an X-ray detection sensor 845 is provided at a position opposed to the X-ray generation device 835 via the conveyance belt 245. In addition, the X-ray detection device 835
A shape sensor 685 is provided in front of the shielding box 855 including the X-ray detection sensor 845 and the thickness of the crushed pieces 255 and the X-ray transmission amount to measure the X-rays of copper and aluminum. Compared with transmission amount data, it is judged which material is closer. As a result, the movable guide 705 is operated at the detection timing of the photo sensor 695 provided at the end of the conveyor belt 245 to select the first recovery port 305 or the second recovery port 315.

FIG. 19 shows a circuit configuration example of this X-ray type sorting machine. That is, C centering on the interface 475
PU445, RAM455, ROM465, two signal processing circuits 485, amplifier 715, three drivers 495.
Is connected to this, the X-ray detection sensor 845 is connected to one signal processing circuit 485, the shape sensor 685 is connected to the other signal processing circuit 485, the photo sensor 695 is connected to the amplifier 715, and the driver 495 is connected to the driver 495. Movable guide 70
5 are connected to each.

The thickness of the crushed pieces 255 is detected by the second shape sensor, and the RAM 4 is sent through the interface 475.
Store in 55. Next, the X-ray detection sensor 845 detects the X-ray transmission amount, and similarly stores it in the RAM 455.
As a result, from the data in the RAM 455, the crushed pieces 255
The X-ray transmission amount per unit thickness of is calculated by the CPU 445 and compared with the X-ray transmission amount per unit thickness for the known material in the ROM 465 to recognize the material of the crushed pieces 255.

When passage of the crushed pieces 255 of the photo sensor 695 is detected depending on the material of copper or aluminum,
The movable guide 705 is operated to collect the crushed pieces 255 in the recovery port (1) 305 or the recovery port (2) 315.

FIG. 20 is a flow chart of the sorting of this X-ray sorting machine.
Indicates. After the start (515), the detection section crushed pieces are removed (725; empty conveyance for removing residual crushed pieces on the conveyor belt), and the shape (thickness) of the measured crushed pieces is measured by the shape sensor (865). Reference number (i) supported).

Then, the X-ray transmission amount of the fragment to be measured is measured (875, corresponding to the reference number (i)), and the X-ray transmission amount with respect to the reference thickness of the fragment (i) is calculated (88).
5). Next, compare the X-ray transmission amount of the crushed pieces (895),
If the linear transmission amount (i) is greater than or equal to the reference value, the position of the movable guide 705 is set to the collection position = 1 (905; reference numeral 30 in FIG. 18).
5)), and if the X-ray transmission amount (i) is less than the reference value, the position of the movable guide 705 is set to the recovery position = 2 (935; corresponding to reference numeral 315 in FIG. 18). In response to this, the photo sensor 6
It is determined whether or not 95 is turned on, and the movable guide 705 is operated (925). After that, the step (725) and the subsequent steps are repeated to appropriately stop (615).

Here, the reference value is the amount of permeation of aluminum> the amount of permeation of copper in the case of the same thickness. Therefore, if it is equal to or greater than the intermediate value of the amounts of permeation of copper and aluminum, the movable guide 705
The position is set to the collection position = 1 and aluminum is collected. If the X-ray transmission amount is less than the intermediate value, the position of the movable guide 705 is set to the collection position = 2 to collect copper.

Next, FIG. 21 shows a configuration example of the wind power sorter 17. The crushed pieces 256 are introduced from the hopper 236 into the wind pipe 946 having a flow by the blower 976, and the crushed pieces 256 of light specific gravity blown off by the wind are recovered from the light specific gravity recovery port 956. The crushed pieces 256 having a high specific gravity that are not blown off by the wind are recovered from the specific gravity recovery port 966. According to this example, there is an effect that it is possible to efficiently process a large amount of small crushed pieces.

FIG. 22 shows an example of the structure of the vibration type sorting machine 18. The wind from the blower 978 is the control room 1138.
After the pressure is adjusted by, the current flows through the flow straightening grid 988 to form a parallel flow, and flows through the screen 998 to the upper part. The upper part of the control chamber 1138 vibrates up and down, and the air blown up causes the screen to move from the hopper 238.
The crushed pieces 258 put on the 998 are separated into upper and lower crushed pieces of light specific gravity and crushed pieces of heavy specific gravity, the crushed pieces of light specific gravity are recovered from the light specific gravity recovery port 1008, and the crushed pieces of heavy specific gravity are heavy. It is recovered from the specific gravity recovery port 1018. Incidentally, A8 is the moving direction of the crushed pieces of light specific gravity, and B8 is the moving direction of the crushed pieces of high specific gravity. According to this example, there is an effect that crushed pieces having a relatively uniform particle diameter and different specific gravity can be separated with high accuracy.

FIG. 23 shows a configuration example of the copper wire removing device 21. Hopper 239 provided on the mesh belt 1029
The crushed pieces 259 input from the mesh belt 1029
Is transported by. At that time, the vibrator 1049 is conveyed while vibrating the mesh belt 1029,
Only the intertwined copper wire lumps are left on the mesh belt 1029, and other crushed pieces are collected on the crushed piece collection guide 1039 below the mesh belt. Reference numeral 1059 is a collection box of copper wire blocks.

The mesh belt has a structure in which spaces of a constant shape are provided on the belt of a commonly used conveyor belt at equal pitches. In this example, the mesh size of the mesh belt is the maximum of the crushed pieces 259 to be selected. It is larger than the shape. According to this example, the crushed pieces are gathered together, and the entangled copper wire mass can be reliably separated and removed from other crushed pieces.

FIG. 24 shows another structural example of the color sorter 16. The crushed pieces 253 'input from the hopper 233' are
By the alignment cover 1423 ′ of the supply guide 1413 ′, it is arranged in a plane on the supply guide and is sent to the supply roller 1393 ′ part by the weight of the crushed pieces in the hopper. Therefore, the rubber or slitting metal supply roller 1393 '
By the rotation of, the crushed pieces 253 ′ are conveyed one by one to the color detection unit and supplied to the conveyance belt 243 ′. At that time, the spiral portion 14 having a spiral groove coaxial with the supply roller 1393 ′
In 03 ', the crushed pieces 253' are supplied to the supply roller 139.
It is prevented from being scattered from the 3'part to the surroundings and being supplied at the same time. The crushed pieces 253 'are fed onto the conveyor belt 243' through the supply guide 1413 '. Therefore, when the photo sensor 693 ′ detects the passage of the crushed pieces 253 ′, the rotation of the motor 1183 ′ that drives the supply roller 1393 ′ via the gear 1203 ′ is stopped.

The crushed pieces 25 are rotated by the rotation of the conveyor belt 243 '.
3'passes through the color sensor 333 ', and the lighting device 32
The reflected light of 3'is detected. As a result, in the same manner as described in the example of FIG. 8, the reflectance of each component is compared with the reflectance of a known material to recognize the material. From the result, in the case of copper, the actuator 1373 ′ is driven to open the cover 1433 ′ of the recovery port (1) 303 ′, and the recovery is performed. For aluminum, another actuator 137
3'is driven to open the cover of the recovery port (2) 313 'to recover. When it is determined to be other, the covers of the recovery port (1) and the recovery port (2) are closed, and the recovery port (3) 1383 ′ is opened for recovery.

When each photosensor 693 'detects that one of the crushed pieces 253' is collected in the collection port, the supply roller 1393 'is driven to supply the next crushed piece. After that, it repeats similarly.

Next, FIG. 25 shows the circuit configuration of the color sorter 16. That is, centering on the interface 473 ', the CPU 443', the RAM 453 ', the ROM 4
63 ', signal processing circuit 483', three sets of drivers 49
3'and the amplifier 713 'are connected to each driver 49
3'is an actuator 1373 ', the signal processing circuit 483' is a color sensor 333 ', and an amplifier 713'.
A photo sensor 693 'is connected to the.

The crushed pieces 25 are collected by the color sensor 333 '.
The reflected light of 3'is detected, the brightness level of each component of red, green, and blue is obtained by the signal processing circuit 483 ', and it is taken in through the interface 473', and the known material in the ROM 463 ', copper, and aluminum is read. Reflected light red,
The brightness level of each component of green and blue is compared with the CPU 443 'to recognize the measured material of the crushed pieces 253'.
Next, for collection, the actuator 1373 ′ of the corresponding collection port is driven to open or close the collection port (1) cover or the collection port (2) cover.

Further, in response to the supply of the crushed pieces 253 ', the supply roller driving motor 1183' is driven to supply the crushed pieces one by one, and the crushed pieces are detected by the photo sensor 693 'at the outlet of the supply guide 1413'. Then, the drive motor 1
When the rotation of 183 'is stopped and the recovery of the crushed pieces 253' is detected by the photo sensor 693 'provided at the recovery port, the supply roller 1393' is driven.

[0114]

As described above, according to the present invention, nonferrous metal can be efficiently sorted and recovered according to the shape, and automation can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process diagram of the entire metal sorting and collecting apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a process drawing showing another embodiment of the metal sorting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a process drawing showing another embodiment of the metal sorting apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a process diagram of the entire metal sorting and collecting apparatus showing an embodiment provided with the electric wire removing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a process step diagram of the entire metal sorting and collecting apparatus showing another embodiment provided with the electric wire removing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a magnetic sorting device used in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a configuration example of an eddy current selector used in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a color sorter used in the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing a difference in reflectance with respect to wavelengths of copper and aluminum.

10 is a block diagram of a circuit configuration of a color sorter in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 11 is a process drawing showing the selection method in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a configuration example of a specific gravity detection / sorting machine used in the present invention.

13 is a block diagram of a circuit configuration of the specific gravity detection / sorting machine in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 14 is a process diagram showing a sorting method of the specific gravity detection sorting machine in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of another specific gravity detection / sorting machine utilizing buoyancy used in the present invention.

16 is a block diagram of a circuit configuration of the specific gravity detection / sorting machine in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 17 is a process diagram showing a sorting method of the specific gravity detection sorting machine in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a configuration of an X-ray type sorting machine used in the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a circuit configuration of the X-ray type sorting machine in the embodiment of FIG.

20 is a process diagram showing a sorting method of the X-ray sorting machine in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a configuration example of the wind power sorter used in the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a configuration example of a vibration type sorting machine used in the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of a copper wire removing device used in the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing another configuration example of the color sorter used in the present invention.

25 is a block diagram of a circuit configuration of the color sorter in the embodiment of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Stockyard, 2 ... Supply device, 3 ... Pretreatment device,
7 ... Crushing device, 8 ... Light weight sorting device, 9 ... Metal sorting device, 11 ... Frozen crushing device, 14 ... Magnetic sorting machine, 15 ... Eddy current sorting machine, 16 ... Color detector, 17 ... Wind power sorting machine, 18
... Vibration type sorting machine, 19 ... Specific gravity detection sorting machine, 20 ... X-ray type sorting machine, 21 ... Copper wire removing device, 22 ... Screen sorting machine, 62 ...
Plastic sorting equipment.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Office reference number FI technical display location B07B 9/00 A B07C 5/344 9244-3F B65G 47/46 G (72) Inventor Yoshimura Takayuki Yamaguchi Higashi-Toyoi 794, Shimomatsu-shi, Japan Inside Kasado Plant, Hiritsu Seisakusho Co., Ltd.

Claims (28)

[Claims] 1. A method for recovering non-ferrous metal from crushed waste, wherein a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size is selected from the crushed waste pieces, and the selected non-ferrous metal is made into a material for each crushed piece. A method for selecting and recovering metals, which is characterized by identifying. 2. A method for recovering non-ferrous metal from crushed waste, wherein after selecting a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size from the crushed pieces of waste, the selected non-ferrous metal is made into a material for each crushed piece. A method for sorting and recovering metals, which comprises identifying and crushing non-ferrous metal crushed pieces according to their materials. 3. A method for recovering non-ferrous metal from crushed waste, wherein after selecting a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size from the waste crushed pieces, the selected non-ferrous metal is made into a material for each crushed piece. A method for selecting and recovering metals, which comprises identifying and determining the specific gravity of the crushed pieces themselves. 4. A method for recovering non-ferrous metal from crushed waste, wherein after selecting a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size from the crushed waste pieces, the selected non-ferrous metal is made into a material for each crushed piece. A method for sorting and recovering metals, characterized in that the specific gravity of the crushed pieces themselves is determined, and the non-ferrous metal crushed pieces are selected using the results of material identification and detection and the specific gravity data of the crushed pieces themselves. 5. The method for sorting and recovering metals according to claim 1, further comprising the sorting based on the shape of the crushed pieces. 6. The method for selecting and recovering metal according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the specific gravity of the crushed pieces is determined by detecting the volume and the weight respectively. 7. The specific gravity of the crushed pieces according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the weight Wa of the crushed pieces in the gas and the weight Wl of the crushed pieces in the liquid having a specific gravity γl are detected as the following formula γm = (Wa. γl) / (W
a-Wl) A method for selecting and recovering metal, characterized in that the specific gravity γm of the crushed pieces is determined. 8. The metal according to claim 1, wherein a nonferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size is selected from the crushed pieces of waste by applying a force to the crushed pieces. Selection and collection method of. 9. The method for sorting and recovering metals according to claim 8, wherein the sorting is performed by a magnetic force, an electromagnetic induction force by an eddy current, a wind force and / or an exciting force. 10. The method for selecting and recovering metal according to claim 1, wherein a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size is selected from the crushed waste pieces by sieving. 11. The method for selecting and recovering metals according to claim 5, wherein the shape selection uses sieving. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
A method for selecting and recovering metal, wherein color detection, volume and weight detection, and / or X-ray transmission amount detection is used for material identification. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
A size greater than a predetermined length means a maximum length of 10 mm to 200 mm,
Desirably, it is 20 mm to 200 mm. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13,
At least aluminum or an aluminum alloy and copper or a copper alloy are mixed in the non-ferrous metal as crushed pieces, and color selection or color detection and specific gravity detection are performed on at least the aluminum or aluminum alloy group and the copper or copper alloy group. A method of sorting and recovering metals that is sorted through. 15. An apparatus for recovering non-ferrous metal from crushed waste, a means for selecting a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size from the crushed waste, and the selected non-ferrous metal for each crushed piece. A device for selecting and collecting metal, comprising means for identifying a material. 16. An apparatus for recovering non-ferrous metal from crushed waste, a means for selecting a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size from the crushed waste, and the selected non-ferrous metal for each crushed piece. An apparatus for selecting and recovering a metal, comprising: a means for identifying a material; and a means for selecting a non-ferrous metal crushed piece according to the material. 17. An apparatus for recovering non-ferrous metal from crushed waste, a means for selecting a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size from the crushed waste, and the selected non-ferrous metal for each crushed piece. An apparatus for selecting and recovering metal, comprising means for identifying a material and means for determining the specific gravity of the crushed pieces themselves. 18. An apparatus for recovering non-ferrous metal from crushed waste, a means for selecting a non-ferrous metal having a size larger than a predetermined size from the crushed waste, and the selected non-ferrous metal for each crushed piece. It is provided with a means for identifying a material and a means for selecting a non-ferrous metal crushed piece by obtaining the specific gravity of the crushed piece itself and using the result of the material identification detection and the specific gravity data of the crushed piece itself in combination. Sorting and collection device. 19. A stock yard for storing waste, and a means for collecting refrigerant, a means for taking out glass, a means for taking out substrates, a means for separating metal, comprising a motor and a compressor, or a combination thereof. A pretreatment device, a supply device for supplying waste from the stockyard to the pretreatment device, a freezing crushing device for crushing the large metal separated by the metal lump separating means, and a waste for separating the large metal A crushing device for crushing objects, a light weight sorting device for separating lightweight materials such as foamed molding materials from the crushed waste, waste excluding lightweight materials, and metal lumps and copper finely crushed by a freeze crushing device In a metal sorting and collecting apparatus equipped with a metal sorting apparatus for sorting metals from waste consisting of wires, the metal sorting apparatus is equipped with a magnetic sorting machine, followed by an eddy current sorting machine, and an eddy-electricity sorting machine. The crushed pieces separated by the sorter are provided with a color detector and / or a specific gravity detection sorter that determines the specific gravity of the crushed pieces themselves. For other crushed pieces in the eddy current sorter, the wind separator and A metal sorter / collector having a vibration sorter. 20. The metal sorter according to claim 19, further comprising a magnetic sorter, and then an air sorter, wherein a specific gravity detection sorter is provided for crushed pieces collected from a gravity specific gravity collection side of the wind sorter. A crushed piece recovered from the low specific gravity side of the wind power sorter is further equipped with a wind power sorter after that. 21. The metal sorter according to claim 19, further comprising a magnetic sorter, followed by an eddy current sorter, and an X-ray sorter for crushed pieces separated by the eddy current sorter. A metal sorter / collector which is further provided with a wind sorter and a vibration sorter for other crushed pieces in the eddy current sorter. 22. A stock yard for storing waste and a means for collecting metal lumps comprising a means for collecting refrigerant, a means for taking out glass, a means for taking out substrates, a motor and a compressor, or a combination thereof. A pretreatment device consisting of, a supply device for supplying wastes from the stockyard to the pretreatment device, a freezing crushing device for crushing the large metal separated by the metal lump separating means, and the large metal separated A crushing device for crushing waste, a light weight sorting device for separating a lightweight material such as a foam molding material from the crushed waste, a waste excluding the lightweight material, and a metal lump finely crushed by a freeze crushing device, and In a metal sorting and recovering device comprising a metal sorting device for sorting metals from waste made of copper wire, the metal sorting device comprises a magnetic sorting machine, and then an eddy current sorting machine, A color detector and / or a specific gravity detection sorter for determining the specific gravity of the crushed pieces themselves are provided for the crushed pieces separated by the current sorter. A metal sorting and collecting apparatus comprising a vibrating sorter, a copper wire removing unit after a freezing and crushing unit, and a sieve sorter for crushed pieces separated by a wind sorter. 23. The metal sorting and collecting apparatus as set forth in claim 22, comprising wastes obtained by removing light-weight materials such as foam molding materials from the crushed wastes, and metal lumps and copper wires finely crushed by a freeze crusher. A metal sorting and collecting apparatus, which comprises a copper wire removing device in front of a metal sorting device for sorting metals from waste, and a sieving and sorting machine for crushed pieces separated by a wind sorting machine. 24. The color detector according to claim 19, wherein the color detector is a lighting device and a color sensor,
A signal processing circuit of the sensor and an arithmetic circuit (CP) for comparing and judging the detection result of the color signal and the color information of the known material.
U) and storage circuits (RAM, ROM), air source and a plurality of air-air source and each air via nozzle, solenoid valve and solenoid valve
An apparatus for selecting and recovering metal, comprising: an air pipe connecting to a nozzle; and a control circuit capable of operating a plurality of applicable solenoid valves based on the determination result. 25. The specific gravity detecting and sorting machine according to claim 19, wherein the specific gravity detecting and sorting machine is provided with a load detector provided on a rotating shaft, a receiving plate connected to the load detector, and a periphery of the receiving plate. A load measuring device including a partition plate, two sets of conveyor belts arranged so that the belts partially overlap each other, and a shape measuring device including two sets of shape sensors provided on the respective conveyor belts, A photosensor that detects the passage of crushed pieces, a movable guide that can select the collection opening for crushed pieces, a load detection signal, and a shape detection signal are processed to calculate the specific gravity of the crushed pieces, and the specific gravity data for a known material An apparatus for selecting and recovering metal, comprising an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit for making a comparison and determination with a computer, and a control circuit for a movable guide. 26. The specific gravity detecting and sorting machine according to any one of claims 19 to 24, wherein the specific gravity detecting and sorting machine supports a tray supported via a load detector, a liquid tank containing a liquid, A drive mechanism that can move between the upper part of the tank and the air, a calculation function that calculates the specific gravity from the detected load in the air and the detected load in the liquid, and compares it with a reference value, and a saucer according to the comparison result of the specific gravity. An apparatus for selecting and recovering metal, comprising an actuator for sending the object to be measured to a recovery unit. 27. The X-ray selection device according to claim 21, wherein the X-ray selection device is provided on the conveyor belt, and the X-ray generation device and the X-ray detection sensor are provided around the X-ray generation device and the X-ray detection sensor. X-ray transmission amount for a known material that processes a line shielding box, a photo sensor that detects passage of crushed pieces, a movable guide that can select a recovery port for crushed pieces, a shape detection signal and an X-ray detection signal. A metal sorting and collecting apparatus having an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit for making a comparison judgment with a control circuit for a movable guide. 28. The copper wire removing device according to claim 22, wherein the copper wire removing device is a conveyor belt using a mesh mesh belt, a vibrator for vibrating the mesh belt, and a conveyor belt lower part. A metal sorting and collecting apparatus comprising a crushed piece collecting guide other than the provided copper wire lump.