JPH11197530A - Crushing and classifying treatment system for waste containing material inadequate for crushing - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the recovery rate of valuable materials by removing the materials inadequate for crushing from primarily crushed materials after execution of primary crushing not to crush the materials inadequate for crushing and removing iron parts and nonferrous parts, then executing secondary crushing, taking out of the iron products and taking out of the nonferrous metals, classifying the residual materials and taking out combustibles. SOLUTION: The work W1 is subjected to primary crushing without crushing the materials inadequate for crushing by a first crusher 2. Next, the materials inadequate for crushing are removed from the primarily crushed materials by dropping the materials on an inclined conveyor 30. The iron parts in the primarily crushed materials are removed by a magnetic separator 4 and the nonferrous parts are removed by manual sorting. The primarily crushed materials of the remaining part are finely crushed by a crushing machine 5 (secondary crushing). After the iron parts in the crushed material are removed by a magnetic separator 7, the taking out of the nonferrous metals is executed by a nonferrous metal sorter 8. The remaining materials thereof are classified of the micromaterials such as glass pieces, by a sieving machine 70 in a nonmetal sorter 9. These materials are separated into the heavy materials such as metal pieces of small pieces, and light materials of combustibles such as synthetic resins.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to foreign matter such as motors containing a large amount of difficult-to-crush products such as compressors and reusable valuable materials contained in waste products such as home electric appliances which are discarded as oversized garbage by households and the like. (Hereinafter referred to as unsuitable for crushing)
When storing the crushed object, only the frame (hereinafter referred to as a crushed object) is crushed without damaging the crushed object, an iron piece constituting the crushed object, a non-ferrous metal piece such as copper or aluminum, and a synthetic resin piece. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for crushing and separating waste containing crushing unsuitable materials, which are separated and collected into non-metallic pieces such as glass pieces.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As the above-mentioned waste crushing treatment, there are a hammer crusher, a car shredder two-shaft crusher, a three-shaft crusher, and the like, and a crushed material, for example, a refrigerator (fluorocarbon gas is removed by a suitable means in advance). ), When crusher other than hammer type crusher, the frame is crushed as it is, but foreign matter such as motor and compressor is difficult to crush,
Therefore, these are manually removed in advance, and then a means for crushing a crushing object such as a frame by a crushing device, and then sorting into iron pieces, non-ferrous metal pieces, non-metal pieces, and the like is employed.
In these crushing, the particle size is fine and it is difficult to sort by hand, and when crushing with a hammer crusher or shredder,
There are problems such as the danger of explosion and the inability to sufficiently recover valuable materials after crushing, and many of them are waste.

[0003]

However, this method requires a great deal of trouble to remove the motor, compressor, etc. from the frame, and furthermore, if the motor, compressor, etc. are deformed by the crushing action, the inside of the motor will be damaged. It is difficult to collect valuables and the like, and if finely crushed at once in primary crushing, metals and non-metals are mixed, resulting in poor separation efficiency.

In view of such a point, the inventors of the present invention deform the crushed unsuitable material without removing the crushed unsuitable material such as the motor and the compressor as described above, even if the object to be processed is input as it is. A crushing device has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 9-310009) which discharges the material without crushing and reliably crushes (including crushing) the crushing target such as a frame. An object of the present invention is to dramatically improve the recovery rate of valuable resources by rationally performing a series of processes of crushing and sorting on the crushed material crushed by the crushing device.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems A first invention for achieving the above object is a primary crushing method for roughly crushing waste containing unsuitable crushed material and passing the crushed unsuitable material without crushing the waste. To remove unsuitable crushed materials from the crushed crushed material and to facilitate manual work, remove iron parts by magnetic separator, primary removal of non-ferrous parts etc. by the above manual work, and secondary crushing of crushed material after primary removal After crushing again, the crushed material is then separated by a magnetic separator to remove iron products and non-ferrous metal by means of removing non-ferrous metal. It is characterized by greatly improving the recovery rate of valuable resources by sorting foreign substances such as waste and glass fragments and combustible substances.

According to the method for crushing and separating waste containing unsuitable crushed materials according to the present invention by the above-mentioned method, coarse crushing is performed as primary crushing in which unsuitable crushed materials are passed without crushing. Be easy. At the same time, the iron pieces separated by coarse crushing are once separated by a magnetic separator, and nonmetals and the like are easily separated by hand. Then, by crushing the remaining crushed material again, it is easy to separate the formed crushed material, and after removing iron pieces by a magnetic separator, light-weight materials are removed by wind separation, and then non-ferrous metals are separated and removed by a separator. I do. Then, the residue is further separated to separate foreign matters such as glass pieces, ceramic waste, rubber and the like and combustible materials.

The second invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the above method, comprising a primary crusher for coarsely crushing waste containing unsuitable crushed material and passing the crushed unsuitable material without crushing, and a primary crusher. A first conveyor for transferring the crushed material, a magnetic separator for selecting and removing iron parts placed on the conveyor, a secondary crusher for crushing the crushed material transferred by the conveyor again, and a secondary crusher. A magnetic separator for separating iron parts from crushed crushed materials, a wind separator for separating lightweight materials, and a non-ferrous metal sorter for separating non-ferrous metals are installed in order, and iron parts and non-ferrous metals are obtained from crushed secondary crushed materials. , And the remaining crushed material is supplied to a non-metal sorter, where it is sorted into combustibles and foreign substances such as glass fragments.

According to the present invention having the above-described structure, the waste supplied by the primary crusher is roughly crushed, and unsuitable crushed materials are passed without crushing and supplied onto the first conveyor.
Unsuitable crushed materials on the conveyor are removed by hand or the like, and then iron parts obstructing manual selection are removed by a magnetic separator and foreign matter is removed by manual selection, and then transferred to a secondary crusher. By crushing the crushed object such as the frame again by this secondary crusher, each part is separated and sorting becomes easy. First, iron parts are removed by a magnetic separator, and then non-ferrous parts are removed by a non-ferrous metal separator. I do. The residue is mainly non-metallic, and is separated by a non-metallic sorting machine into foreign substances such as glass pieces and combustibles.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the primary crusher, there is provided a first crushing roller having a plurality of crushing blades protrudingly mounted at intervals on a support shaft and a pair disposed behind the upper first crushing roller. 2
A crushing roller and a third crushing roller, wherein an interval between the crushing blades of the first crushing roller that allows the passage of unsuitable crushing substances contained in the waste is provided, and the second crushing roller is a screw-shaped crushing blade. The third crushing roller has a mesh formed by a main screw blade and a sub-screw blade having a coarse pitch which is twisted in a direction opposite to the main screw blade, and each of the screw-shaped crushing blades allows passage of the unsuitable crushing material. A screw having an allowable coarse pitch is used. The unsuitable crushing material is dropped between the crushing blades of the first, second, and third crushing rollers, and the crushing object such as a frame is crushed and crushed by each crushing roller. It is characterized by.

[0010] The primary crusher of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure can be used even if unsuitable crushing material is present in the supplied waste.
The unsuitable crushing material falls through the gaps between the crushing blades of the first, second, and third crushing rollers. On the other hand, a crushable object such as a crushable frame is crushed by each crushing blade.

A fourth invention is characterized in that the secondary crusher is constituted by a low-speed rotary crusher having a single-axis or two-axis crush roller.

The secondary crusher of the present invention having the above-mentioned structure is simple in structure and can crush finely crushed material which has been primary crushed by rotation at a low speed.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the non-metal sorter includes:
It is equipped with a screen and a wind separator, and performs sieving by the screen and sorting by weight by the wind.

According to the present invention having the above structure, a glass piece,
Porcelain waste and the like are classified into large items, and the large items are classified into heavy and light items by wind power. Lightweight materials are primarily plastic, which is reduced in volume and molded into fuel.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below based on an embodiment shown in the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, a system for crushing and separating waste containing unsuitable materials for crushing according to the present invention includes a primary crusher 2.
And a first conveyor 3 for transferring the primary crushed crushed material, a magnetic separator 4 for selecting and taking out iron parts arranged on the conveyor 3, and crushing the crushed material transferred by the conveyor again. A secondary crusher 5, a second conveyor 6 for transporting the crushed material unwound from the crusher 5, and a magnetic separator 7 for selectively extracting iron parts from the crushed material on the conveyor
A non-ferrous metal sorting machine 8 for sorting out non-ferrous metals, and a non-metal sorting machine 9 for sorting the sorted non-metals into foreign matters such as glass pieces and ceramic waste and combustible materials.

The primary crusher 2 employs the above-mentioned crushing apparatus for crushing waste containing unsuitable crushed materials. The outline thereof will be described with reference to FIGS. This crusher 2
A first crushing roller 13, a second crushing roller 14 located downstream of the first crushing roller 13, and a crushing roller 14 facing the crushing roller 14. And a third crushing roller 15. Reference numeral 16 denotes a pushing mechanism that is disposed to face the first crushing roller 13.

The first crushing roller 13 has a large number of crushing blades 21 protrudingly mounted on a support shaft 20. The crushing blade 21 has a coarse pitch a and a height b so that the crushed object can be easily bitten. Reference numeral 22 denotes a fixed blade inserted into the space a.

The second crushing roller 14 is formed by attaching a screw blade 25 to a rotating shaft 24. The screw blade has a coarse pitch and a height and a pitch for accommodating uncrushed objects. The crushing target such as a frame is crushed and crushed in cooperation with the roller 15. In order to prevent the processed material from moving to the side during crushing, the screw blade 25 is divided into two to divide the screw blade into right and left opposite directions.
a and 25b are preferable.

Similarly, the third crushing roller 15 includes a main crushing screw blade 27 having a coarse pitch on the rotating shaft 26 and a sub-screw blade 28 having a coarser pitch than that of the main crushing screw blade 27 twisted in the opposite direction.
And The mesh g formed in this way has a size that accommodates the unsuitable crushable material M. However, also in this case, the second
Similar to the crushing roller 14, it is preferable to divide into two to form right and left opposite twisting blades 27a, 27b and 28a, 28b. Note that the auxiliary screw blade 28 may bite an unsuitable crushing object, so that a slightly central portion is formed in a concave shape to form an escape. Preferably, the third crushing roller 15 is provided with a mounting position adjusting means (not shown) for adjusting the interval with respect to the second crushing roller 14.

Reference numeral 30 denotes a conveyor attached to the housing discharge side. The conveyor 30 is attached at a predetermined angle, and the crushed unsuitable material such as a motor in the treated waste which is discharged falls down by its own weight, crushing and crushing the frame and the like. The object to be crushed is placed on the conveyor 30 and moved, and its mounting angle is arbitrarily adjusted.

The first magnetic separator 4 includes a magnet 40 and an endless belt 41 that rotates in a direction perpendicular to the conveyor 3, and is provided at an appropriate distance from the conveyor 3;
Adsorb the iron pieces on the conveyor 3 which are difficult to sort by hand,
The belt 41 is discharged to the conveyor 42 by the transfer, and the transfer to the secondary crusher 5 is performed.

The secondary crusher 5 is a low-speed rotary crusher having two-axis crushing rollers, and is constituted by crushing rollers 51 and 52 forming a pair.
And the crushing blades 55 and 56 are attached to the crushing blades 55 and 56 alternately at intervals. Although a two-shaft crusher is shown in the figure, a single-shaft crusher may be used depending on the type of the crushed material.

The second magnetic separator 7 has the same structure as that of the first magnetic separator 4, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

A first wind separator 68 for separating a light material such as a heat insulating material from the secondary crushed crushed material is installed in front of the non-ferrous metal separator 8.

The non-ferrous metal sorter 8 uses an eddy current sorter. This is because, as is well known, the crushed pieces input from the hopper 60 are transported by the transport belt 61, and the transport belt 61
The magnetic pole rotor 63, in which a large number of N and S poles of magnets are alternately mounted in a drum 62 around which is wound, generates an eddy current by high-speed rotation, and receives the electromagnetic force to scatter the non-ferrous material outward by repulsion. Then, the non-metal is discharged from the recovery port 65 because the metal is not affected by the magnetic force.

The non-metal discharged from the recovery port 65 includes glass pieces, ceramic waste, synthetic resin pieces, and the like. This is transferred to the nonmetal sorter 9 by the conveyor 67. This sorter 9 is provided with a vibrating sieve 70 and a second wind sorter 71, and powder such as glass pieces and ceramic waste is sieved off by a sieving machine, and solids are turned into heavy and light by wind force. Sort out.

In the above configuration, the processing procedure will be described with reference to FIGS. First, in the pre-processing step, pre-processing such as removal of Freon gas for refrigerators, air conditioners and the like of non-processed materials W, and removal of valuable materials W2 for crushing of cathode ray tubes and the like for televisions is performed. Next, the non-processed material main body W1 is supplied to the first crusher 2 to perform coarse crushing. That is,
The processing object W1 supplied to the hopper 11 is
6 and is crushed by the first crushing roller 13 while being crushed by the first crushing roller 13.
Push into the side. At this time, the crushing blade 21 has a required height b and a required pitch width, so that the unsuitable crushing material M is sent out as it is.

The second crushing roller 14 is a third crushing roller 1
Crush (including crushing) again in cooperation with 5. in this case,
Each of the crushing screw blades has a required height so that the unsuitable crushing material M is stored between the crushing blades and sent out as it is. The object to be crushed, such as a frame,
It is crushed (including compression) without being affected by the unsuitable crushing material, sent out downward, and supplied onto the conveyor 30.

The conveyor 30 is mounted at a required angle and is constantly driven upward. The supplied crushing object moves upward, but is separated from the crushed material such as a frame. An unsuitable crushing object, for example, a heavy mass such as a motor, falls in a direction opposite to the traveling direction of the conveyor 30 by its own weight.

The crushed material is supplied onto the first conveyor 3. The relatively large iron parts in the crushed material are adsorbed and taken out by the magnetic separator 4. Then, we sort by hand,
Separated plastics, various wires, radiators, stainless steel, aluminum materials, etc. are selected and taken out. The remaining crushed material is supplied to the next crusher 5 on the conveyor 3. The iron parts taken out by the magnetic separator 4 are supplied to the crusher 5 by the conveyor 42.

The crusher 5 has the ability to crush finely, and crushes the supplied crushed material minutely. The crushed material is supplied onto the second conveyor 6.
The iron parts in the crushed material on the conveyor are removed by adsorption by the magnetic separator 7, and further, light materials such as heat insulating material are removed from the remainder by the first wind separator 68 and then supplied to the non-ferrous metal separator 8. Is done.

In the non-metal sorter 8, non-metal members such as copper and aluminum are distinguished from iron members and non-metal members.
Iron members and non-ferrous metal members are collected separately,
The non-metal members are transferred to the non-metal sorter 9 by the conveyor 67.

In the non-metal sorter 9, small objects such as glass pieces and ceramic waste are separated by a sieving machine 70, and heavy materials such as small metal pieces and lightweight materials such as synthetic resin (including heat insulating material etc.). Are sorted by a wind separator 71, and combustibles such as synthetic resin are reduced in volume and sent out by a molding machine (labor saving in the figure).

[0034]

As described above, according to the present invention, in the pretreatment step, the cathode ray tube, Freon gas, and the like are removed, and crushing is performed by primary crushing without crushing unsuitable materials. Next, the ferrous parts are removed by a magnetic separator, and the removal of non-ferrous parts by hand is facilitated.Then, the parts are crushed again and each part can be taken out.The ferrous parts can be removed by a magnetic separator and the non-ferrous parts can be removed by a non-ferrous metal sorter. Since a series of steps of taking out and then classifying the remaining material by a non-metal sorter and taking out combustibles are performed, it is possible to effectively treat the household electric appliances to be discarded. In the second invention, the above series of operations can be performed rationally. According to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to omit the step of manually removing unsuitable crushed materials, to improve crushing efficiency, and to deform unsuitable crushed materials such as motors and compressors. Since the waste can be separated and discharged without any problem, the recovery rate of valuable resources can be dramatically improved. According to the fourth aspect of the invention, the crushed material is crushed by a low-speed crusher constituted by a pair of crushing rollers, so that the crushed material can be finely crushed. According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the nonmetal sorter is provided with the screen and the wind sorter, so that the screen can be sieved and the weight can be sorted by the wind force. Fine matter such as waste can be separated by sieving, and coarse matter can be separated into heavy metal materials and light combustible materials such as synthetic resins.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall explanatory view of a system for crushing and separating waste containing unsuitable crushing materials according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the primary crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a first crushing roller in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a front view of a second crushing roller in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a front view of a third crushing roller in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the steps of the system for crushing and separating waste containing unsuitable crushing materials according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1 Crushing / sorting system for waste containing crushing unsuitable materials 2 Primary crusher 3 First transport conveyor 4 First magnetic separator 5 Secondary crusher 6 Second transport conveyor 7 Second magnetic separator 8 Non-ferrous metal separator 9 Non-metal separator Machine

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification symbol FI B07B 9/02 B07B 9/02 B09B 5/00 ZAB B09B 5/00 ZABM (72) Inventor Ryozo Kushida Musashinoso, Amagasaki City, Hyogo Prefecture 5-3-1, (72) Inventor Hiroshi Arito 1-2-3, Shinbetsu-cho, Suma-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo

Claims (5)

[Claims] Claims 1. A coarsely crushed waste containing unsuitable materials for crushing,
Primary crushing, which allows the crushed unsuitable material to pass through without crushing, removal of iron crushed material from the primary crushed crushed material, and removal of iron parts by a magnetic separator and non-ferrous parts, etc. After the primary removal and the primary removal, the coarsely crushed material is crushed again by secondary crushing, and then the fermented product is separated from the crushed material by a magnetic separator and non-ferrous metal is removed by a non-ferrous metal removing means, and light weight contained in the non-ferrous metal is removed. Unsuitable for crushing, characterized by dramatically improving the recovery rate of valuables by sorting flammables and foreign matter such as ceramic waste and glass fragments from the remaining crushed materials after sorting by wind power. Method for crushing and separating waste containing waste. 2. A method for coarsely crushing waste containing unsuitable materials for crushing,
A primary crusher that allows the crushed unsuitable material to pass through without crushing, a first transport conveyor that transports the primary crushed coarsely crushed material, a magnetic separator that sorts out and picks up iron parts arranged on the transport conveyor, A secondary crusher that re-crushes the crushed material conveyed by the conveyor, a magnetic separator that separates iron components from the crushed secondary material, a wind separator that separates lightweight materials, and a non-ferrous metal separator that separates non-ferrous metals. Machines and remove the ferrous parts and non-ferrous metals from the secondary crushed material, supply the remaining crushed material to the non-metal separator, and separate them into combustible materials and foreign materials such as glass fragments. A crushing and sorting system for waste containing crushing unsuitables. 3. The primary crusher includes an upper first crushing roller having a plurality of crushing blades protrudingly mounted on a support shaft at intervals, a pair of second crushing roller and a third crushing roller provided behind the upper first crushing roller. A crushing roller, a gap between the crushing blades of the first crushing roller is provided to allow passage of unsuitable crushing substances contained in the waste, the second crushing roller has a screw-shaped crushing blade, (3) The crushing roller forms a mesh by a main screw blade and a sub-screw blade having a coarse pitch which is twisted in a direction opposite to this, and each of the screw-shaped crushing blades has a coarse pitch which allows the above-mentioned crushing unsuitable material to pass. A screw, wherein the unsuitable crushing material is dropped between the crushing blades of the first, second and third crushing rollers, and the crushing object such as a frame is crushed and crushed by each crushing roller. Crushing according to item 2 A crushing and sorting system for waste containing unsuitable materials. 4. The system for crushing and separating waste containing unsuitable crushing materials according to claim 2, wherein the secondary crushing machine is constituted by a low-speed rotary crushing machine having a single-shaft or two-shaft crushing roller. . 5. The non-metallic sorting machine according to claim 2, wherein the non-metal sorting machine includes a screen and a wind separator, and performs screening by a screen and sorting by weight by wind power. Waste crushing and sorting system.