JP2012530706A - PDE4およびTNF−α阻害剤としての重水素化イソインドリン−1,3−ジオン誘導体 - Google Patents
PDE4およびTNF−α阻害剤としての重水素化イソインドリン−1,3−ジオン誘導体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012530706A JP2012530706A JP2012516179A JP2012516179A JP2012530706A JP 2012530706 A JP2012530706 A JP 2012530706A JP 2012516179 A JP2012516179 A JP 2012516179A JP 2012516179 A JP2012516179 A JP 2012516179A JP 2012530706 A JP2012530706 A JP 2012530706A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は2009年6月18日提出の米国特許仮出願第61/268,953号の恩典を主張し、その全教示は参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
多くの現行の薬剤は、それらのより広範な使用を妨げ、または特定の適応症におけるそれらの使用を限定する、低い吸収、分布、代謝および/または排泄(ADME)特性に苦慮している。低いADME特性は臨床試験における薬物候補の失敗の主な理由でもある。特定のADME特性を改善するために製剤技術およびプロドラッグ戦略を用いることができる場合もあるが、これらのアプローチは多くの薬物および薬物候補に存在する根源的ADME問題に取り組むことができないことも多い。一つのそのような問題は、それがなければ疾患の治療において非常に有効である、いくつかの薬物が体からあまりに速く排出される原因となる急速な代謝である。急速な薬物排出に対する可能な解決法は、十分に高い薬物血漿レベルを達成するための頻回または高用量の投与である。しかし、これは、投与法に対する患者の低いコンプライアンス、用量が高くなるほどより急性になる副作用、および治療費用の増加などのいくつかの潜在的な治療問題を引き起こす。急速に代謝される薬物は患者を望ましくない毒性または反応性代謝物に曝露することもある。
「治療する」なる用語は、疾患(例えば、本明細書において詳細に説明される疾患または障害)の発生もしくは進行を低減、抑制、減弱、減少、休止、もしくは安定化する、疾患の重症度を低下させる、または疾患に関連する症状を改善することを意味する。
本発明は式Iの化合物、またはその薬学的に許容される塩を提供する:
式中、
R1はCH3、CH2D、CHD2、およびCD3から選択され;
R2はメチル、イソプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロプロピル、2-フラニル、トリフルオロメチル、メトキシメチル、アミノメチル、ジメチルアミノメチル、ジメチルアミノ-1-エチル、1-ジメチルアミノ-エチル、および2-ジメチルアミノ-エチルからなる群より選択され、ここでR2は重水素で置換されていてもよく;
R3はCH3、CH2D、CHD2、CD3、CF3、CHF2、CH2F、CDF2、およびCD2Fから選択され;
R4はゼロから5個の重水素で置換されているエチル基であるか、またはゼロから9個の重水素で置換されているシクロペンチル基であり;
XはCH2、CHD、CD2、およびC=Oから選択され;
Y1a、Y1b、Y2、Y3、Y4、Y5、Y7、およびY8はそれぞれ独立にHおよびDから選択され;かつ
Y6はCl、H、およびDから選択され;
ただし、R1がCH3であり;R2が重水素で置換されておらず;R3がCH3、CF3、CHF2、またはCH2Fであり;R4が重水素で置換されていないエチル基または重水素で置換されていないシクロペンチル基であり;XがCH2またはC=Oであり;かつY6がClまたはHである場合、
Y1a、Y1b、Y2、Y3、Y4、Y5、Y7、およびY8の少なくとも1つはDである。
式中、
R1はCH3およびCD3から選択され;
R2はメチル、イソプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロプロピル、2-フラニル、トリフルオロメチル、メトキシメチル、アミノメチル、ジメチルアミノメチル、ジメチルアミノ-1-エチル、1-ジメチルアミノ-エチル、および2-ジメチルアミノ-エチルからなる群より選択され、ここでR2は重水素で置換されていてもよく;
R3はCH3、CD3、CF3、CHF2、CH2F、CDF2、およびCD2Fから選択され;
R4はCH2CH3、CD2CD3、CD2CH3、およびCH2CD3から選択され;かつ
各Yは独立にHおよびDから選択され;
ただし、R1がCH3であり;R2が重水素で置換されておらず;R3がCH3、CF3、CHF2、またはCH2Fであり;かつR4がCH2CH3である場合、
少なくとも1つのYはDである。
スキーム1:式Iの化合物への一般的経路
スキーム1は、Man, HW; et al. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2009), 52(6), 1522-1524の一般法に従い、式Iの化合物を調製するための一般的経路を示す。したがって、適当に置換したアルデヒド10をヘキサメチルジシラザンリチウムと、続いてリチウム、ジメチルスルホンおよび三フッ化ホウ素エーテラートで処理して、Y2に連結している炭素で立体中心を有する、ラセミアミン11を得る。望まれる場合には、ラセミアミン11を、メタノール中、エナンチオピュアな酸で処理することにより分割してもよい。例えば、ラセミアミン11をN-アセチル-L-ロイシンで処理することによりS鏡像異性体としてのアミン11が得られる一方で、N-アセチル-D-ロイシンで処理することによりR鏡像異性体としてのアミン11が得られる。アミン11をラセミ体、S鏡像異性体、またはR鏡像異性体として用い、ニートまたは酢酸などの溶媒中のいずれかの無水物12で処理して、式Iの化合物を得てもよい。当業者であれば、スキーム1において適当に重水素化した中間体および試薬を用いることで、様々なパターンの重水素置換を有する式Iの化合物が生成することを理解するであろう。
スキーム2は、スキーム1の有用な出発原料であるアルデヒド10の調製を示す。Li, Juren; et al. Hecheng Huaxue (1993), 1(4), 333-40に一般に記載されるとおり、適当に重水素化したジオール13を適当に重水素化した臭化エチル14により、相間移動条件下で処理して、フェノール15を得る。フェノール15のクロロホルムとのライマー-ティーマン反応によりアルデヒド16を得る。同位体取り込みのレベルを最大にするために、この段階における重水素化試薬および溶媒は有用でありうる。または、Li, Ying-chun; et al. Yingyong Huagong (2004), 33(1), 26-27に一般に記載される臭化テトラブチルアンモニウム条件を用いて15を16に変換してもよい。Kiehlmann, E.; et al., Organic Preparations and Procedures International (1982), 14(5), 337-42の一般法に従い、16を適当に重水素化した硫酸ジメチル17で処理して、所望の中間体10を得る。
スキーム3は、XがC=Oである中間体12の一例の中間体12a、およびXがCH2、CHD、またはCD2である中間体12の一例の中間体12bの調製を示す。無水物骨格18のニトロ化は文献、例えば、特許出願WO 2005051870、CN 1740138、およびCN 1405143;ならびにChen, Zhi-min; et al. Hecheng Huaxue (2004), 12(2), 167-169, 173; Zhu, Zhi-jia; et al. Huaxue Shiji (2003), 25(5), 306, 308; Ma, S. L.; et al. Polish Journal of Chemistry (2002), 76(4), 511-517;およびCulhane, P. J.; et al. Organic Syntheses (1927), 7、ページは示されていない、を含む論文において周知である。適当に重水素化した出発原料および試薬の使用により、19の重水素化体を生成することになる。米国特許出願US 2008234359に記載の一般法に従い、炭素担持パラジウム存在下での19の水素添加によりアミン20を得、これを次いで適当に重水素化した無水酢酸21で処理して中間体12aを得る。Wamser, C. C; et al. J. Org. Chem. (1976), 41(17), 2929-31の一般法に従い、中間体12aを亜鉛および酸で還元して中間体12bを得てもよい。市販のDCl、酢酸-d4、および無水酢酸-d6を最終段階で用いて、重水素取り込みの別のパターンを提供してもよい。
本発明は、式I(例えば、本明細書における任意の式を含む)の化合物または該化合物の薬学的に許容される塩の有効量と、許容される担体とを含む、組成物も提供する。担体は製剤中の他の成分と適合しており、薬学的に許容される担体の場合、薬剤中で用いられる量でその受容者に対して有害ではないという意味で「許容される」。
別の態様において、本発明は、被験者におけるPDE4を阻害する方法であって、該被験者に本明細書における式Iの化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩を投与する段階を含む方法を提供する。
スキーム4:化合物113aの調製
HPLC(方法:50mmの3μm Waters Atlantis T3 2.1カラム−勾配法:14分間で5〜95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸と、95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸で4分間維持;波長:305nm):保持時間:5.96分;純度99.5%。MS (M+H): 470.3。元素分析(C22H15D9 N2O7S・H2O):計算値:C=54.20、H=5.38、N=5.75。実測値:C=54.15、H=4.98、N=5.60。
スキーム5:化合物107aの調製
HPLC(方法:50mmの3μm Waters Atlantis T3 2.1カラム−勾配法:14分間で5〜95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸と、95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸で4分間維持;波長:305nm):保持時間:6.02分;純度>98.0%。キラルHPLC(方法:Chiralpak AD 25cmカラム−イソクラティック法:78%ヘキサン/22%イソプロパノール/0.01%ジエチルアミン、40分間、1.00mL/分;波長:254nm):保持時間:12.73分(主な鏡像異性体);純度>99%ee。MS (M+Na): 488.1。元素分析(C22H21D3 N2O7S):計算値:C=56.76、H=5.20、N=6.02、S=6.89。実測値:C=56.74、H=5.43、N=5.70、S=6.51。
スキーム6:化合物114aの調製
HPLC(方法:50mmの3μm Waters Atlantis T3 2.1カラム−勾配法:14分間で5〜95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸と、95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸で4分間維持;波長:305nm):保持時間:6.03分;純度97.4%。キラルHPLC(方法:Chiralpak AD 25cmカラム−イソクラティック法:78%ヘキサン/22%イソプロパノール/0.01%ジエチルアミン、40分間、1.00mL/分;波長:254nm):保持時間:12.69分(主な鏡像異性体);39.03分(少量の鏡像異性体);純度>99%ee。MS (M+Na): 486.0。元素分析(C22H21D3 N2O7S):計算値:C=57.01、H=5.22、N=6.04、S=6.92.実測値:C=57.68、H=5.63、N=5.52、S=6.33。
スキーム7:化合物110aの調製
HPLC(方法:50mmの3μm Waters Atlantis T3 2.1カラム−勾配法:14分間で5〜95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸と、95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸で4分間維持;波長:305nm):保持時間:6.02分;純度>98.0%。キラルHPLC(方法:Chiralpak AD 25cmカラム−イソクラティック法:78%ヘキサン/22%イソプロパノール/0.01%ジエチルアミン、40分間、1.00mL/分;波長:254nm):保持時間:12.73分(主な鏡像異性体);純度>99%ee。MS (M+Na): 488.1。元素分析(C22H21D3 N2O7S):計算値:C=56.76、H=5.20、N=6.02、S=6.89.実測値:C=56.74、H=5.43、N=5.70、S=6.51。
スキーム8:115aの調製
HPLC(方法:50mmの3μm Waters Atlantis T3 2.1カラム−勾配法:14分間で5〜95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸と、95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸で4分間維持;波長:305nm):保持時間:5.96分;純度99.1%。MS (M+H): 472.0。元素分析(C22H16D8 N2O7S):計算値:C=56.04、H=5.13、N=5.94.実測値:C=55.90、H=5.23、N=5.85。
スキーム9:化合物116aの調製
HPLC(方法:50mmの3μm Waters Atlantis T3 2.1カラム−勾配法:14分間で5〜95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸と、95%ACN+0.1%ギ酸で4分間維持;波長:305nm):保持時間:5.97分;純度99.7%。MS (M+H): 474.3。元素分析(C22H11D13 N2O7S):計算値:C=55.80、H=5.11、N=5.92.実測値:C=52.73、H=4.73、N=5.43。
ミクロソーム検定:ヒト肝ミクロソーム(20mg/mL)はXenotech、LLC(Lenexa、KS)から入手する。β-ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸、還元型(NADPH)、塩化マグネシウム(MgCl2)、およびジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)はSigma-Aldrichから購入する。
インビトロt1/2=0.693/k
k=-[インキュベーション時間に対する残存親化合物%(ln)の線形回帰の傾き]
Claims (26)
- 式Iの化合物、またはその薬学的に許容される塩:
式中、
R1はCH3、CH2D、CHD2、およびCD3から選択され;
R2はメチル、イソプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロプロピル、2-フラニル、トリフルオロメチル、メトキシメチル、アミノメチル、ジメチルアミノメチル、ジメチルアミノ-1-エチル、1-ジメチルアミノ-エチル、および2-ジメチルアミノ-エチルからなる群より選択され、ここでR2は重水素で置換されていてもよく;
R3はCH3、CH2D、CHD2、CD3、CF3、CHF2、CH2F、CDF2、およびCD2Fから選択され;
R4はゼロから5個の重水素で置換されているエチル基であるか、またはゼロから9個の重水素で置換されているシクロペンチル基であり;
XはCH2、CHD、CD2、およびC=Oから選択され;
Y1a、Y1b、Y2、Y3、Y4、Y5、Y7、およびY8はそれぞれ独立にHおよびDから選択され;かつ
Y6はCl、H、およびDから選択され;
ただし、R1がCH3であり;R2が重水素で置換されておらず;R3がCH3、CF3、CHF2、またはCH2Fであり;R4が重水素で置換されていないエチル基または重水素で置換されていないシクロペンチル基であり;XがCH2またはC=Oであり;かつY6がClまたはHである場合、Y1a、Y1b、Y2、Y3、Y4、Y5、Y7、およびY8の少なくとも1つはDである。 - R2がCH3またはCD3であり;R3がCH3またはCD3であり;Y6、Y7、およびY8が同じであり;Y1aおよびY1bが同じであり;かつY3、Y4、およびY5が同じである、請求項1記載の化合物。
- 式Iの化合物が式IIの化合物、またはその薬学的に許容される塩である、請求項2記載の化合物:
式中、
R1はCH3およびCD3から選択され;
R2はメチル、イソプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロプロピル、2-フラニル、トリフルオロメチル、メトキシメチル、アミノメチル、ジメチルアミノメチル、ジメチルアミノ-1-エチル、1-ジメチルアミノ-エチル、および2-ジメチルアミノ-エチルからなる群より選択され、ここでR2は重水素で置換されていてもよく;
R3はCH3、CD3、CF3、CHF2、CH2F、CDF2、およびCD2Fから選択され;
R4はCH2CH3、CD2CD3、CD2CH3、およびCH2CD3から選択され;かつ
各Yは独立にHおよびDから選択され;
ただし、R1がCH3であり;R2が重水素で置換されておらず;R3がCH3、CF3、CHF2、またはCH2Fであり;かつR4がCH2CH3である場合、少なくとも1つのYはDである。 - R2がCH3またはCD3である、請求項1または2記載の化合物。
- R3がCH3またはCD3である、請求項1または2記載の化合物。
- Y6、Y7、およびY8が同じである、請求項1または2記載の化合物。
- Y1aおよびY1bが同じである、請求項1または2記載の化合物。
- Y3、Y4、およびY5が同じである、請求項1または2記載の化合物。
- R1がCH3またはCD3である、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の化合物。
- R4がCD2CD3である、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の化合物。
- 主に(S)配置を有する、請求項13記載の化合物。
- 主に(R)配置を有する、請求項13記載の化合物。
- 重水素と指定されていない任意の原子が、その天然同位体存在度で存在する、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の化合物。
- 請求項1記載の化合物または該化合物の薬学的に許容される塩の有効量と、許容される担体とを含む、組成物。
- 請求項1記載の化合物または該化合物の薬学的に許容される塩の有効量と、許容される担体とを含む、薬学的組成物であって、敗血症性ショック、敗血症、内毒素性ショック、血行動態ショック(hemodynamic shock)および敗血症症候群、虚血後再灌流傷害、マラリア、マイコバクテリア感染症、髄膜炎、乾癬、類肉腫症、乾癬性関節炎、ベーチェット病、結節性痒疹、ループス、ブドウ膜炎、うっ血性心不全、線維性疾患(fibrotic disease)、悪液質、移植片拒絶、癌、自己免疫疾患、AIDSにおける日和見感染症、関節リウマチ、リウマチ様脊椎炎、変形性関節症、他の関節炎状態、クローン病、潰瘍性大腸炎、多発性硬化症、全身性エリテマトーデス、ハンセン病におけるENL、放射線障害、高酸素性肺胞傷害(hyperoxic alveolar injury)、望まれない血管形成、炎症性疾患、関節炎、炎症性腸疾患、アフタ性潰瘍、喘息、成人呼吸窮迫症候群、およびAIDSからなる群より選択される疾患の治療に適した、前記薬学的組成物。
- その必要がある被験者においてPDE4を阻害する方法であって、該被験者に、請求項1記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩の有効量を投与する段階を含む、前記方法。
- その必要がある被験者においてTNF-αレベルを低減する方法であって、該被験者に、請求項1記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩の有効量を投与する段階を含む、前記方法。
- その必要がある患者において、敗血症性ショック、敗血症、内毒素性ショック、血行動態ショックおよび敗血症症候群、虚血後再灌流傷害、マラリア、マイコバクテリア感染症、髄膜炎、乾癬、類肉腫症、乾癬性関節炎、ベーチェット病、結節性痒疹、ループス、ブドウ膜炎、うっ血性心不全、線維性疾患、悪液質、移植片拒絶、癌、自己免疫疾患、AIDSにおける日和見感染症、関節リウマチ、リウマチ様脊椎炎、変形性関節症、他の関節炎状態、クローン病、潰瘍性大腸炎、多発性硬化症、全身性エリテマトーデス、ハンセン病におけるENL、放射線障害、高酸素肺胞傷害、望まれない血管形成、炎症性疾患、関節炎、炎症性腸疾患、アフタ性潰瘍、喘息、成人呼吸窮迫症候群、およびAIDSからなる群より選択される疾患を治療する方法であって、該患者に、請求項1記載の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩の有効量を投与する段階を含む、前記方法。
- 状態が乾癬または類肉腫症である、請求項22記載の方法。
- 乾癬がプラーク型乾癬(plaque-type psoriasis)または難治性乾癬である、請求項23記載の方法。
- 類肉腫症が皮膚類肉腫症である、請求項23記載の方法。
- ループスが皮膚ループスである、請求項22記載の方法。
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