JP2012200661A - Dehydration method using atmospheric pressure difference, and recovery apparatus for fresh water - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pressure-reduced dehydration method/water conversion method of easily generating domestic water or industrial water from seawater in a disaster or an emergency, or at ordinary times without using thermal energy so as to ensure security of water, the method including a second process of lowering atmospheric pressure of an atmosphere to generate unsaturated wet air from a water containing body, a third function for conversion into saturated wet air in a pressure-raised state, a fourth function of causing dew condensation to collect fresh water, and thereby eliminating the need for conventional thermal energy and eliminating a freezing process because of dew condensation.SOLUTION: The fresh water and a dehydration product are separated and collected by sequentially repeating a first function of placing a water containing sample in an air atmosphere, a second function of reducing the pressure of the air atmosphere using a wing-shaped body of an airplane or a compressor to generate the unsaturated wet air, the third function of raising the pressure for conversion into the saturated wet air, and the fourth function of carrying out dew condensation and liquefaction on a hydrophilic dew condensation surface as a nucleus.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for separating and recovering fresh water and dehydrated water from an aqueous solution using a pressure difference and a fresh water recovery device.

With a simple dehydrator, drinking water and industrial water can be made from seawater. On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake that struck Tohoku and Kita Kanto and a tsunami that exceeded 10 meters. Centered on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region, there are more than 20,000 dead and missing people and more than 350,000 evacuees forced to live in shelters. Seven million households have blackouts and more than two million households have water outages. The lifeline that has been delayed the most is water. A week later, on March 16, 1.6 million households suffered water outages from the Tohoku region to the Kanto region. The core melting accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant that occurred as if it was trying to overcome the inability to supply water. There was no fresh water required for reactor cooling, and seawater was used as an alternative.
September 11, 2001 New York was the target of the terrorist attacks, August 14, 2003 New York catastrophe. These man-made large-scale disasters, mainly in New York, have triggered the need to protect large-scale power plants and the accompanying wide-area power grids from terrorism and accidents. Security is being discussed and measures are being taken. Anthropogenic factors and countermeasures that threaten energy security also included a terrorist attack on nuclear power plants. All was the elimination of causes that threatened human-made energy security. More than all of them happened on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. It is a natural disaster that is not a man-made disaster. Natural disasters are more frightening than artificial terrorism. This natural disaster continues to cause serious power shortages in areas north of Fossa Magna, which is at least half the land of Japan. From a national point of view, there is an urgent need to decentralize energy supply sources. However, energy decentralization is not enough. Reconstruction is important from the disaster area. However, there are things that must be done now before planning for the future. That is to secure water for daily use. Water security is important. If local governments and individuals can produce drinking water from coastal seawater using a portable seawater desalination system, they can supply not only drinking water but also water for daily use, such as toilets, bath water, and hospital water.
The inventor of the present application stated that at the beginning of Chapter 3 of Non-Patent Document 1 “Saving Corn from“ Wind Wind ”Ethanolization <Ocean Resource Recovery and Offshore Factory by Wind Power Generation”, Japan's water consumption in 2003 was about 83.9 billion in m ^3, agricultural water 66%, domestic water 19%, industrial water 14%, domestic water consumption per capita per day 313 Ritorru. This domestic water is less than 1 liter in this disaster area.
Japan's large-scale desalination technology is advancing, contributing to the solution of industrial water shortages in China and the Middle East. In addition, 1.1 billion people worldwide suffer from water shortages. Conventionally, a seawater desalination apparatus has been developed as a marine desalination apparatus, and since then, it has been used for fresh water supply on land starting with remote islands and desert areas. Seawater desalination methods include evaporation, freezing, reverse osmosis, and the ion exchange dialysis membrane method, which removes salt and leaves fresh water. The evaporation method is a method in which seawater is heated and evaporated to condense the generated water vapor to obtain fresh water. The simple distillation method is a method in which seawater is heated to evaporate only the water, and the water vapor is condensed to extract pure water. It is. These simple distillation units are arranged in 10 stages, and the desalination energy is 63 kWh per ton of fresh water. The most widespread of this evaporation method is the multi-stage flash evaporation method, which is connected in series to form a multi-stage system. It has been devised to increase the heat efficiency by flash evaporation in the next chamber. This method is suitable for large-sized devices, and is the most widely used device. The power energy required for this process is 42 kWh per ton of fresh water.
The freezing method, the melting point of water is 0 ° C, but seawater is slightly lower at -1.9 ° C, so if you use this property and gradually cool the seawater, only the fresh water will freeze Can do. Although ice itself does not contain salt, it is a simple manufacturing method in which fresh water is obtained by melting the ice after washing the salt adhering to the ice surface. The power energy required for this process is low at 10.6 kWh per ton of fresh water.
At present, the reverse osmosis method is the most popular after the evaporation method. In this method, fresh water is made using a semipermeable membrane that allows water to pass through but does not allow salt to pass through. When pressure of more than / cm ² is applied, fresh water is pushed out from the seawater side through the semipermeable membrane. Unlike the vapor deposition method or the freezing method, this method does not involve a phase change in fresh water collection, and therefore requires less energy. Electric power energy required for this process is as low as 0.69 to 3.5kWh per ton of fresh water.
In the ion exchange dialysis membrane method, when cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes are arranged alternately, seawater is placed in an electrodialysis tank that passes through many chambers, and when direct current is passed, cations are on the cathode side and anions are on the anode side. Move to the side. In Japan, salt production is carried out using this concentration function, and it is at the top level in the world in terms of development of practical membranes and dialysis technology. This method requires 8kWh per ton of fresh water and consumes relatively little power, but if the resin absorbs ions for the exchange capacity and the capacity deteriorates, it must be regenerated. In this case, hydrochloric acid or caustic soda is used. I need.

Seawater is about 96% water, and 3.5% salt and trace metals. As described in Chapter 2 of Non-patent Document 1 “Saving corn from“ wind power ”ethanolization <Recovering marine resources by wind power generation and offshore factory” ”by the present inventor, concentrated salt water, which is a residue obtained by desalinating seawater From this, gypsum (CaSO ₄ ), calcite (CaCO ₃ ), sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulfate (MgSO ₄ ), potassium chloride (KCl), and magnesium chloride (MgCl ₂ ) are precipitated. The salt production method produced salt from this seawater. Seawater introduced into the flat sandy area of the coast evaporates due to solar heat and wind power, and only the salt content adheres to the sand grains. Seawater is poured again, and the filtrate separated from the sand grains is boiled down to deposit salt, and the water is evaporated directly while the seawater gradually flows down the slope. The flow-down Shioda method, which boils and extracts salt, has been practiced for a long time. All of these salt making methods evaporate the water of the seawater drawn into the salt fields with solar heat and wind to make concentrated salt water (brine), boil it down, remove calcium compound crystals that precipitate inside and outside at 108 ° C, about 180 ° C Was recovered as a product, and the magnesium compound was recovered from the remaining filtrate (bitter juice). However, in recent years, instead of using salt fields, instead of using an ion exchange resin method in which concentrated brine is produced by an electrolysis method using an ion exchange resin, it has come to the present.
The concentrated salt water is electrolyzed with electric power obtained at the ocean, and the electric power without transmission loss obtained at these offshore plants and the seawater such as deep water and surface water collected at the site are electrolyzed at the offshore electrolysis plant. Thus, sodium, magnesium, caustic soda, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen and the like are produced. This metallic sodium pours water at a thermal power plant in a power consuming area to generate hydrogen, and steam turbine power generation is performed with the combustion energy. The caustic soda obtained here as a by-product is the final product of the conventional soda industry. If this caustic soda is electrolyzed again by wind power generation, metallic sodium is reproduced. This is literally an endless “hydrogen fuel cycle”. Furthermore, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and metallic magnesium obtained as by-products in the metallic sodium production process are products that have been produced using high power. This main product, metallic sodium, is an energy storage solid that is lighter than water and can be an alternative energy source for sustainable and renewable fossil fuels that have no fear of depletion, emit no CO2 and produce no radioactivity. Inventor of the present application, Patent Document 1 “Onsite Integrated Factory” (WO / 2008/142995) and Non-Patent Document 2 “Climate Change and sustainable Development (Chapter 19)” Edited by Ruth A. Reck, Ph.D. It is disclosed in Linton Atlantic Books, Ltd.

The evaporation method, electrodialysis method, and reverse osmosis membrane method are widely used as seawater desalination methods. Looking at these advantages and disadvantages, the evaporation method can produce a large amount of fresh water regardless of the quality of the seawater, but it requires a large amount of thermal energy, and it is oil-rich oil producing countries, thermal power plants and nuclear power plants. In many cases, the profit base is taken into account using waste heat from power plants. In Saudi Arabia, the country of origin of oil, many plants produce water that is higher than oil. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, a fast breeder reactor (BN-350) started operation in 1973 for desalination of saltwater in the Caspian Sea (120,000 tons / day), and desalination with waste heat from the nuclear power plant. It was scheduled. However, it was abolished in 1999 due to the aging of the reactor body.
The electrodialysis method has a great advantage in that the consumption of electric power is small, and the concentrated salt produced as a waste liquid becomes a raw material for metallic sodium and metallic sodium. However, the ion exchange resin adsorbs ions corresponding to the exchange capacity, resulting in performance deterioration, and a large amount of hydrochloric acid or caustic soda is required for the regeneration thereof.
The reverse osmosis membrane method is a method in which fresh water is permeated by applying high pressure to the seawater side, and is characterized by low input energy. However, since the suspended matter in seawater adheres to a semipermeable membrane and deteriorates water permeability, pretreatment of seawater is necessary.

Fruits and vegetables are water reservoirs. Water in seawater is 96%, and pepper is also 96%. Melon 96%, watermelon 93%, cabbage 92%, mandarin orange 90%, tomato 90%, winter rice cake 90%, Qui 85% are mostly water storage. The same is true for grass, and it contains 90% of water. They can therefore be converted into drinking water. In particular, silage, which is used as feed for livestock, is stored in silos with insufficient dryness of raw grass, and a large amount of wastewater is generated, causing environmental pollution due to pollutants such as nitrogen and organic matter. For this reason, it is preferable that the water content be 70% or less. In general, the appropriate moisture range for lactic acid fermentation is 60 to 70%, which leads to good silage fermentation and is effective as a livestock feed. Thus, dehydration is necessary in many fields. Compressed air is produced with wind energy in dairy farms where wind power is particularly strong, for example, Pampa regions such as Argentina and Chile in South America, or Hokkaido, and dairy products such as milk and fruits that are 88% water are dehydrated and livestock It can be used for the production of silage to be used as food. In this way, desalination is not only about seawater, but also fruits and vegetables are considered worthy of desalination. Dr. Brown Randoon said, “By drinking distilled water, cell aging is regularly washed away, and the best of distilled water is fruit and vegetable water,” Non-Patent Document 3, “Purification of distilled water and body.” It is stated in.
As a method of concentrating the aqueous solution, there is concentration reduction. This evaporates the water in the juice once and concentrates it to about 1/4 to 1/6. The concentrated fruit juice is sealed and stored in a drum. This method makes it possible to carry the fruit juice by reducing its weight and volume significantly, leading to a reduction in transportation costs. Concentration and reduction are obtained by supplementing the evaporated water at the time of shipment and returning it to the original juice state (fruit juice 100%). Generally, a product obtained by adding tap water to this concentrated fruit juice and reducing it is referred to as a natural fruit juice. However, it is considered desirable to reduce it with double distilled water recovered from vegetables and fruits obtained in the present invention.
The dehydration concentration of these vegetables, grasses, fruits, etc. includes the evaporation method, the freezing method, the reverse osmosis method, etc., as well as the desalination of seawater. However, since these plants cannot raise the temperature, there are a vacuum evaporation method, a method of freezing to crystallize ice to remove moisture, a method of using a semipermeable membrane, and the like, and these may be combined. These dehydration methods also concentrate fresh water and nutrients from biological materials such as blood, amino acids, fats, proteins, sugars, carbohydrates, milk, and other soft drinks, vitamins, or health drinks that have expired. It can be used for separation / recovery and concentration of acid, base or heavy metal.

Vegetables, marine products, meat and fruits are generally dried or pickled for long-term storage. For long-term storage, salting is the simplest, but storage with salting results in excessive intake of salt, leading to hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction. The advantage of preserving food by drying is not excessive intake of salt, and potassium contained in vegetables has the effect of discharging salt out of the body. In general, fresh vegetables and fish have a short shelf life, and thus cost for transportation and refrigeration. If this is sent to the consumption area in a dry state, the weight can be reduced as much as there is no water content, the transportation cost can be reduced, and the disposal rate of foods with reduced freshness can be reduced.

Conventionally, in the distillation method and reverse osmosis membrane method, the remaining concentrated water obtained by collecting drinking water from seawater has been discarded. On the other hand, the electrodialysis method mainly collects salt by concentrating seawater, and the water was discarded. Recently, however, there have been many reports of using both fresh water and concentrated water by combining these methods. As a method combining other methods based on the distillation method, Yamamura of Asahi Kasei Chemicals Co., Ltd. disposes of wastewater by desalination using the reverse osmosis membrane method in Patent Document 2 “Salt Water Treatment Method” (Patent Publication 2008-223115). A method of electrolyzing salt crystals obtained by further concentrating concentrated salt water generated as a product by electrodialysis and further concentrating it by evaporation is disclosed. Murahara et al., The inventor of the present application, separated into fresh water and concentrated salt water (brine water) desalinated by the reverse osmosis membrane method or evaporation method in Patent Document 3 “Ocean Resource Energy Extraction / Production Ocean Factory” (Patent Publication 2007-331681). After that, it is disclosed that sodium or magnesium is produced by electrolyzing molten salt with a solar furnace and wind power generation or ocean current power generation by further concentrating the brine by ion exchange dialysis. Koiwa et al. Of Toray Industries, Inc., in Patent Document 4 “Composite Nanofiltration Membrane” (Patent Publication 2010-137192), in order to prevent the generation of scale, which is a drawback when seawater is treated by the evaporation method, A method of using and recovering fresh water at a high rate is disclosed.
A method of taking out electromotive force due to hydrogen gas generated on the cathode side in the process of desalination of seawater by electrodialysis and using it as a part of electric power necessary for electrodialysis is disclosed in Patent Document 5 “Moriguchi et al. Desalination method and apparatus "(Patent Publication No. 9-57258).

"Onsite integrated factory" (WO / 2008/142995) "Salt water treatment method" (Patent Publication 2008-223115) "Ocean Resource Energy Extraction / Production Ocean Factory" (Patent Publication 2007-331681) "Composite nanofiltration membrane" (Patent Publication 2010-137192) "Desalination Method and Equipment" (Patent Publication 9-57258) "Seawater desalination system" (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-21659) "Method for surface modification of fluororesin by laser" (Patent 1858351) "Solid material surface modification method and solid material surface modification device" (Patent No. 3316069) "Surface modification method for plastic materials with C-H bonds" (Patent No. 3467508) "Solid surface modification method and apparatus" (Patent No. 3527969) "Solid Surface Modification Method and Apparatus" (US Patent: USP-6117497) "Solid Surface Modification Method and Apparatus" (European patent: EUP-0644227) "Solid Surface Modification Method and Apparatus" (US Patent: USP-6689426) "Method of photochemical modification of solid material surface" (Japanese Patent Application 2002-350311)

Masataka Murahara / Kanwa City “Wind, save corn from ethanolization” published by Power Company (December 2007) `` Climate Change and sustainable Development (Chapter 19) '' Edited by Ruth A. Reck, Ph.D., Linton Atlantic Books, Ltd. "Purification of distilled water and body", Brown Landoon, edited by Brown Landoon Association

Water security is the most important demand for seawater desalination. The aim is to develop a small and simple desalination system that can cope with large-scale disasters and minimizes the consumption of energy such as electricity and oil.
The evaporative dehydration method of the present invention can be used for desalination of seawater, desalination of water contained in vegetables and fruits, and recovery of concentrate. However, conventionally, in order to carry out the evaporation method in the air, it has been necessary to bring the temperature close to the evaporation temperature of water (100 degrees Celsius), and thermal energy such as oil combustion has been required for that purpose. On the other hand, evaporation in a vacuum atmosphere is effective for dehydration, but requires a large-scale vacuum apparatus that consumes a large amount of power, and it is difficult to recover dehydrated water. However, nature has brilliantly desalinated seawater. Seawater evaporates due to solar heat and rises as water vapor, but as the temperature falls gradually, the water vapor condenses, dust in the air becomes nuclei, forming water droplets, forming clouds and returning to the ground. Thus, if water is left standing at room temperature, it will continuously evaporate and become water vapor. In the closed container, water vapor evaporates until a certain pressure is reached, but does not evaporate any more. The pressure at which this evaporation stops is called saturated vapor pressure. This saturated vapor pressure is related to temperature and atmospheric pressure, and when the temperature of seawater rises, the saturated vapor pressure value increases, so the amount of water evaporation increases. Similarly, since the saturated water vapor pressure value is low when the temperature is low, the amount of evaporation is small. On the other hand, when the atmospheric pressure is lowered, the saturated vapor pressure value is lowered, so that the boiling point temperature of water is also lowered, and the amount of water evaporation is increased even when the temperature of seawater is low. In this way, even if the seawater temperature is low, if the atmospheric pressure is lowered, water vapor evaporation occurs. Means for introducing air into the dehydration system using this phenomenon is the first function, and means for generating unsaturated moist air by evaporating seawater in a low-pressure atmosphere is the second function, and this unsaturated moist air. The third function is a means for increasing the pressure to convert it to saturated humid air. Furthermore, the fourth treatment is a means for inducing condensation on the saturated wet air on the dew-condensed surface, or for further condensing saturated wet air on the dew-condensed surface subjected to hydrophilic treatment. It is a problem to be solved by the present invention to reduce or eliminate the need for conventional heat energy by continuously performing the first function to the fourth function.

Even if the temperature of seawater is low, if the air pressure is lowered, water vapor evaporation occurs. The second function is to form a low-pressure atmosphere by utilizing this phenomenon to evaporate seawater, and the third and fourth functions are to reduce the evaporated water vapor to fresh water. Nishishiba Electric Co., Ltd. and Toshiba Corporation Tanabe et al. In "Seawater Desalination Device" Patent Document 6 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-216459) sucked a decompression vessel containing seawater with a vacuum pump to condense water vapor below saturated water vapor. Discloses a method of obtaining fresh water by cooling and condensing in a vessel. However, in the present invention, since the decompression chamber is made to be equal to or lower than saturated water vapor using a vacuum pump, it is considered that there is no air in the condensation process and only water vapor is cooled and condensed.
Generally, when the pressure in the decompression vessel chamber is lowered, the saturated vapor pressure value is lowered. For this reason, the boiling point of water also decreases, and even when the temperature of seawater is low, the amount of evaporation of fresh water increases and the humidity in the air increases. That is, the humidity is 100% when water vapor in the air is saturated. When the ambient temperature of water is 100 degrees Celsius, all the water evaporates and becomes a gas with 100% humidity. The water vapor pressure at this time is 760 mmHg (1 atm), and this 760 mmHg is called saturated vapor pressure. The saturated vapor pressure decreases as the temperature decreases and is approximately 220 mmHg (0.3 atm) at 70 degrees Celsius. Therefore, if the atmospheric pressure is lowered to 220 mmHg, the water will boil at 70 degrees Celsius and become 100% humidity. Thus, if the atmospheric pressure of the hydrated material is lowered, water vapor can be generated at a low temperature.
Accordingly, the dehydrating condition in the present invention is to make efforts to bring the water vapor pressure value close to the saturated water pressure value in the second function, and to keep the water vapor in the air unsaturated and generate unsaturated humid air. In order to generate this unsaturated moist air, the atmospheric pressure is lowered, and in order to increase the amount of fresh water recovered, water vapor in the air is not allowed to reach saturation. For this reason, it is necessary to supply a large amount of high-speed air, and it is necessary to reduce the atmospheric pressure with a high-speed air flow to generate unsaturated humid air in which moisture and air are mixed from the hydrated material. Bernoulli's theorem is applied as a method of generating a low pressure region from this air flow.
The principle of generating lift by the wing of a general aircraft utilizes the phenomenon that the pressure on the upper surface becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure when the flow velocity of the air flowing on the upper surface of the wing becomes faster than the lower surface. For this reason, the shape of the wing body is such that a high-speed airflow flows on the upper surface (convex upper camber) and a low-speed airflow flows on the lower surface (lower camber).
By utilizing the pressure drop phenomenon that occurs on the upper surface of the wing body of the aircraft in flight, the aircraft creates a low pressure area on the upper surface, but in the present invention, a pressure drop is caused on the lower surface side of the opposite wing. . That is, a high-speed flow was made to flow on the lower surface, and a low-speed flow was made to flow on the upper surface. Actually, the upper surface (convex upper camber) and the lower surface (lower camber) of the aircraft wing body are reversed and fixed in the wind tunnel, and seawater or low-pressure parts on the lower side of the wing-shaped plate fixed to the wind tunnel Put water content.
Further, the second function related to the recovery of fresh water is to make unsaturated humid air saturated or higher. In order to satisfy this, the pressure in the condensing chamber is raised, the water vapor is saturated, the atmospheric temperature is lowered to induce condensation, and a wet air impingement plate is further provided. More preferably, the surface of the air impingement plate is desirably made of a material that increases wettability or is subjected to a hydrophilic surface treatment.
Regarding this hydrophilic treatment or water repellency treatment, the method of photochemically substituting a hydroxyl group or a water repellency group on the surface of a material such as plastic, metal or ceramic by Murahara et al. Surface Modification Method ”(Patent 1858351), Patent Document 8“ Solid Material Surface Modification Method and Solid Material Surface Modification Device ”(Patent No. 3316069), Patent Document 9“ Surface Modification Method for Plastic Material Having CH Bonds ” (Patent No. 3467508), Patent Document 10 “Solid Surface Modification Method and Apparatus” (Patent No. 3527969), Patent Document 11 “Solid Surface Modification Method and Apparatus” (US Patent: USP-6117497), Patent Document 12 “Solid Surface Modification Method and Apparatus” (European Patent: EUP-0644227), Patent Document 13 “Solid Surface Modification Method and Apparatus” (USP: USP-6689426), Patent Document 14 “Solid Materials Photochemical method of modifying the surface "is disclosed in (Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-350311).
Particularly in the present invention, what should be noted is to increase the pressure in the condensing chamber (condensation). This phenomenon does not occur in natural phenomena (meteorology). In other words, meteorologically, the increased water vapor only lowers the atmospheric pressure above the sky, and the atmospheric pressure cannot increase. As the atmospheric pressure decreases, the saturated vapor pressure value decreases, and in principle, condensation should be difficult. Fortunately, however, the temperature drops to near freezing in the sky, causing condensation. If the atmospheric pressure in the sky can be increased locally, condensation occurs regardless of the temperature. In the present invention, it has been demonstrated that the pressure of the water vapor condensing atmosphere, which never occurs in a meteorological phenomenon, is increased to nearly 1 atm. That is, in the second function, the moisture is evaporated by forming a low pressure portion with high-speed air to generate unsaturated humid air, and in the third function, the air evaporated in the second function is increased to nearly 1 atm. Condensation is easy.

High wind speed is required to develop the first function of physically moving the natural wind at a high speed and the second function of lowering the atmospheric pressure of the seawater and water-containing substances. This high wind speed is achieved by storing compressed air produced by rotation / compression conversion with wind energy in a cylinder in the tower and then supplying it directly to the wind tunnel, or by narrowing the passage of natural wind such as sea or land. The low pressure region can be formed by a scientific method. Generally, the wind speed for generating a low pressure region is 1/50 atm at 20 meters per second and 0.5 atm at 100 meters per second. However, large wind tunnel facilities are required to achieve this wind speed, and it cannot be used in disaster areas where restoration is the top priority. On the other hand, if the volume of the wind tunnel that sealed off the atmosphere is doubled, the pressure in the wind tunnel will be 0.5 atm, and the same effect will be realized as if the wind speed of 100 meters per second was generated, and a simple device will be realized. Thereby, unsaturated humid air can be generated immediately. The structure of the device is simple. Unsaturated humid air is generated by the first function of placing seawater or dehydrated material in the anterior chamber of the compression pump and sealing the air, and the second function of expanding the anterior chamber and performing adiabatic expansion. appear. This unsaturated humid air is adiabatically compressed to generate saturated humid air, and the saturated humid air is further compressed to induce condensation, which is the fourth function, to generate fresh water. The device is a piston-type or rotary-type compressor that continuously activates the first to fourth functions. This small and simple desalination apparatus is an apparatus suitable for large-scale disasters in which fresh water is generated from seawater or polluted water while minimizing the amount of energy input such as electric power and oil.

The invention described in claim 1 is a dehydration method and a fresh water recovery method using a pressure difference, and air is fed into the hydrated material, and the hydrated material and air are decompressed together to generate unsaturated humid air. The present invention relates to a method for collecting fresh water by increasing the atmospheric pressure of saturated humid air to cause condensation.
Natural winds such as sea breeze, land breeze, mountain valley breeze, vane, mullet, reed, and building breeze are collected to make high-speed breeze, natural breeze is compressed with a fan installed at the entrance of the wind tunnel, or rotated by wind energy / Compressed air recovered by compression conversion is stored in a cylinder in the tower and then blown to the entrance of the wind tunnel. In general, high-speed air in a wind tunnel sends wind by a fan (compression ratio: 1.1 or less) or blower (compression ratio: 1.2-2) in a low-speed wind tunnel, subsonic wind tunnel, or transonic wind tunnel, and a compressor (compression ratio) in a supersonic wind tunnel. : 2 or more). However, using high-pressure compressed air in which compressed air produced by a compressor is stored in a cylinder will cause the compressed air to be released to the atmosphere at the wind tunnel entrance, causing adiabatic expansion and causing the temperature to drop sharply. Warm the air.
The compressed air released to the atmosphere at the opening of the wind tunnel is sent to the wind tunnel as high-speed air.
Here, a wind tunnel refers to a wind tunnel that is artificially surrounded by a wall, but in the present invention, a wind path that locally flows due to a pressure difference is defined as “wind path” even if there is no wall outdoors. As an aqueous solution containing a hydrated material that evaporates only water, the hydrated sample container is a structure integrated with a hydrated sample container on the floor of a wind tunnel (wind channel) structure, or a sample container that can be installed freely. Natural water such as mineral water, salt water, salt lake water, hot spring water, mineral spring water, etc., or chemical aqueous solutions such as acid aqueous solution, base aqueous solution, inorganic aqueous solution, dye aqueous solution, fruit juice, milk, organic matter (sugar water) Drinking liquids such as drinking water) and aqueous solutions of biological substances such as amino acids, fats, proteins, sugars and carbohydrates, or vitamins and contaminated water. Solid hydrates include plants such as trees, grasses, vegetables and fruits. Or meat and seafood In the case of a liquid hydrate containing water higher than the saturated vapor pressure of water, it is alcohol water. These hydrated samples are placed in a sample container, the hydrated matter is dehydrated and fresh water is recovered. As a means for this purpose, natural air or compressed air or compressed air generated by compressing natural wind with a fan is placed in the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure containing the hydrated sample as the first function. A water-containing sample higher than the saturated vapor pressure of water or a liquid whose saturated vapor pressure is equal to or lower than water is maintained in a reduced pressure state, and unsaturated humid air is sequentially generated. Further, in the third function, the unsaturated humid air is increased to atmospheric pressure, or is increased to atmospheric pressure or higher by adiabatic compression and converted to saturated humid air. Here, by the fourth function, the saturated humid air is further compressed and / or liquefaction is induced on the hydrophilic dew condensation surface to recover the true moisture. By starting this sequentially, fresh water (or high-concentration alcohol) is recovered from the liquid or solid hydrated sample, and the dehydrated material (dealcoholized water) remaining in the hydrated sample container is recovered. To do.
In general, the saturated vapor pressure value of each substance varies with temperature, and the higher the temperature, the higher the saturated vapor pressure value. On the other hand, if the atmospheric pressure is lowered, the saturated vapor pressure value is equal to the lowered atmospheric pressure, so the temperature becomes lower. This is because the boiling point of water on the ground is 100 degrees Celsius, but at Mt. Fuji (3776 m), the atmospheric pressure is 480 Hg (640 hPa, 0.63 atmospheres), so the boiling point is 88 degrees Celsius. However, the saturated vapor pressure value is 480mmHg at the summit of Mt. Fuji. That is, at 88 degrees Celsius, the water evaporates 100% to a humidity of 100%. However, considering only dehydration, it is not necessary to set the humidity to 100%. Drying the laundry will dry naturally. Of course, at the top of Mt. Fuji, the laundry dries faster. This is because the water vapor in the air does not reach saturation. Therefore, in order to dehydrate the hydrated material at a high speed, the humidity of 100% is easily achieved by either or both of the atmospheric pressure and the atmospheric temperature. Therefore, the present invention employs a method for lowering the atmospheric pressure. However, it must be noted that if the humidity is 100%, no further evaporation will occur. Therefore, after setting the humidity to be 100% when the air is stationary, a large amount of air is allowed to flow so that the water vapor in the air does not reach the saturated vapor pressure.
In the present invention, the alcohol-containing solution can also be concentrated. Generally, the alcohol concentration of brewed liquor is 20% or less, but shochu, whiskey, brandy or vodka is distilled and dehydrated to a concentration of 30% to 40%. On the other hand, the saturated vapor pressure of water is 760 mmHg at 100 ° C, 340 mmHg at 80 ° C, and 100 mmHg at 50 ° C, but the saturated vapor pressure of alcohol is high, with ethanol being 800 mmHg at 80 ° C and 210 mmHg at 50 ° C. It is. Therefore, the concentration of the alcohol aqueous solution is performed by evaporating ethanol in the container containing the alcohol aqueous solution to condense and collect the saturated wet alcohol air, and finally, the liquid remaining in the container is fresh water.
For example, bioethanol is a yeast for alcoholic fermentation as described in Chapter 5 of Non-Patent Document 1 “Morning wind from ethanol” by the present inventor Murahara. Bacteria are fermented under the condition that alcohol fermentation proceeds only in a state where oxygen is low, and the alcohol concentration does not exceed 18 to 20%. This is concentrated to 95% concentration and dehydrated to complete 100% fuel alcohol. However, the method of the present invention can be used for dehydration up to 95%.

The invention described in claim 2 relates to a first step for effectively extracting three methods for depressurizing air existing in the vicinity of a hydrated sample, that is, a first function of inserting air into a wind tunnel or a wind passage. is there.
In an air (wind) atmosphere with flow, especially in high wind areas such as sea, lake, river, valley, quay, mountain surface, mountain top, cliff, use of wind path that uses natural wind directly as high-speed air flow, or After collecting natural wind with a horn-type air collector and increasing the speed, use the wind tunnel to be introduced into the entrance of the wind tunnel (artificial tunnel) structure, or use the compressed air or wind tunnel entrance produced by rotating / compression conversion with wind energy In the use of a wind tunnel for introducing compressed air by a fan attached to the air or in an atmosphere without air flow, air for pre-sealing the air reservoir / hydrated sample container storage chamber provided in the compressor is inserted. This is a function that is linked to a means for generating unsaturated moist air by reducing the pressure of air near the hydrated sample belonging to the second function.
In order to efficiently collect natural wind, which is not strong wind, at the entrance of the wind tunnel (artificial tunnel) structure, the wind tunnel structure tip (entrance part) has a horn-shaped opening that widens the windward side It is. High pressure and low pressure are born on the earth due to the difference in solar energy distribution, and the airflow flowing from high pressure to low pressure is wind. Westerly winds in the mid-latitude regions of the earth, trade winds in the tropical regions, and far-east winds in the Antarctic and Arctic regions. Monsoon on the edge of the continent. In the vicinity of the coast, daytime sea breeze, nighttime land breeze, night radiant cooling cools the mountain surface, a cold mountain breeze descending along the mountain slope, and a daytime mountain surface warmed and a warm valley wind rising along the mountain slope. A fan is a dry wind whose moisture content is reduced by cooling due to adiabatic expansion that occurs when a damp wind climbs a mountain and a temperature rise by adiabatic compression that occurs when it descends a mountain. A continental cold air mass residing in central to eastern Europe blows down the Alps to the east-west direction, and the wind speed reaches 40m / sec. The wind blows down from the mountain in winter. A wind generated in a narrow area around a large building is a building wind. In order to collect natural winds such as sea breeze, land breeze, mountain valley breeze, vane, mullet, reed, building wind, etc. It is a horn type air collector attached to the tip.

The invention described in claim 3 relates to a second function in which the step area of the air passage is narrowed to form a constricted structure in order to develop a pressure drop region at the center of the wind tunnel (artificial tunnel).
Natural wind and / or compressed air that flows in contact with the hydrated material sample by placing the sample in the hydrated sample container between the entrance (windward) inside the wind tunnel (artificial tunnel) structure and the pressure drop area in the center. As the cross-sectional area of the passage area narrows, it becomes high-speed flowing air, and a pressure difference occurs between the air pressure near the wind tunnel entrance and the constricted structure, and the unsaturated moisture from the hydrated sample near the reduced stenosis area sequentially. After air is generated (second function), the cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel gradually increases as the wind tunnel moves toward the leeward side, and is released into the atmosphere. Using the pressure increase after the stenosis part, the unsaturated humid air is sequentially converted to saturated moist air (third function), and the adiabatic expansion that is opened from the stenosis part to a wide part has the effect of lowering the ambient temperature. The generation of saturated humid air is facilitated by the help, and fresh water is recovered by providing a dew condensation surface that has been subjected to a hydrophilic treatment in the atmosphere release portion (fourth function).

In the invention according to claim 4, in order to develop a pressure drop region in the natural wind and / or compressed air passage region flowing in contact with the sample of the hydrated sample container in the wind tunnel (artificial tunnel), the flow velocity is increased in the ventilation path. The present invention relates to a method of arranging a shape to be accelerated and separating a high-speed flow and a low-speed flow to develop a reduced pressure region, or a second function of adiabatically expanding using a compressor to develop a reduced pressure region.

The invention according to claim 5 relates to a third function for converting unsaturated humid air into saturated humid air.
Unsaturated humid air obtained from the second function to depressurize the sample in the wind tunnel (artificial tunnel) or wind path (natural wind) or the hydrated sample container inside the air compressor structure is pressurized and adiabatically compressed to obtain saturated humid air. The means of the third function to be converted constitutes a divergent horn-shaped structure that expands in the direction of the exit of the wind tunnel structure. As a result, the inside of the horn-shaped structure approaches the atmospheric pressure (1 atm) of the outside air, and at the same time, the high-speed air expanded to the horn-shaped structure functions to adiabatically expand and lower the ambient temperature. For this reason, the unsaturated moist air becomes a saturated moist air with a humidity of 100% because the atmospheric pressure rises and the temperature decreases in the end-spread horn-shaped structure. Therefore, the collision angle of saturated humid air can be adjusted to the leeward side of the horn-shaped structure at an arbitrary position, and the flow of the wind is not blocked or excessively suppressed (the open air area is ensured). The dew condensation surface is disposed in a single layer or multiple layers. Then, a drain container for collecting the fresh water by dropping the condensed water condensed on the dew condensation surface in the vertical direction by its own weight is provided by a mechanism that freely adjusts the opening degree of the dew condensation surface.

Alternatively, it is adiabatically compressed to above atmospheric pressure by interlocking with a piston-type reciprocating compressor, a multistage turbo compressor or a vane compressor as a mechanical compressor, and further compresses and liquefies the saturated humid air generated by the compression. Can be induced. In general, when adiabatic compression is performed, the ambient temperature increases, and there is a concern that the saturated vapor pressure value increases to around 100 ° C. However, if a screw-type rotary compressor is used, the exhaust temperature of the air can be kept within and below 60 ° C, so it is relatively easy to collect fresh water. Furthermore, the structure can be simplified if a turbo fan / engine type wind tunnel is configured to be rotated by a motor with the rotation axis of the screw type rotary compressor and the rotation axis of the intake air fan at the opening of the wind tunnel (rectangular or circular) as the same axis. Can do. Using this turbofan / engine type wind tunnel, the saturated humid air generated by compressing inside the compressor of the third function is further compressed, It can be liquefied and recovered as water.

The invention according to claim 6 relates to a fourth function of recovering fresh water by liquefying saturated humid air.
The fourth function means for recovering fresh water by further inducing the compression and liquefaction of the saturated humid air generated by the third function is the saturated humid air in the leeward end of the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure. A plurality of dew condensation surfaces that have been treated to be hydrophilic so that the collision angle of the dew can be freely adjusted, and the dew condensation water condensed on the dew condensation surface in the direction vertically below according to the collision angle of the dew condensation surface is placed in the collection container. It is a way to collect fresh water by dropping its own weight.
In general, in meteorology, it is explained that air rises by the updraft, the temperature drops by adiabatic expansion, dust in the air becomes a nucleus, water droplets grow, become clouds, and precipitation. It is this core that matters. If there is no dust in the atmosphere, the water molecules in the air cannot condense because the surface tension of the water droplets is strong. If the surface tension of the water droplet can be reduced, dew condensation is facilitated. Reducing the surface tension means increasing the wettability of water and the dew condensation agent (dust, dew condensation surface) (reducing the contact angle). The inventor conducted a method of substituting a hydrophilic group (—OH) by a photochemical method at a desired location on the surface of a material. Patent Document 8, Patent Document 9, Patent Document 10, Patent Document 11, Patent Document 12, Patent Document 13 Is disclosed. In particular, in Patent Document 14, after applying a weak plasma pretreatment for about 1 to 3 minutes in advance to the surface to be reformed of solid materials such as plastics, metals and ceramics, water is applied to the surface to be reformed. It is disclosed that permanent hydrophilicity is maintained when a thin liquid layer is formed and irradiated with ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 193 nm or less. Such a hydrophilic treatment surface can form a dew condensation surface with a large area, and is more effective for directly generating a large amount of water droplets than a phenomenon in which dust forms a nucleus and forms a cloud. Place multiple condensation surfaces on the leeward side of the horn-shaped structure at any position, pay attention so that the outlet of the air released to the atmosphere is not obstructed and is released to the atmosphere as dry air. A dew condensation apparatus in which a plurality of blind dew condensation surfaces that can adjust the collision angle when the humid air flow contacts the dew condensation surface is arranged in a single layer or a plurality of layers is configured.
Here, in order to induce dew condensation on the dew condensation surface, it is desirable that the material having high wettability or the surface of the dew condensation surface be subjected to surface modification treatment (substitution of hydrophilic groups (—OH)).

The invention described in claim 7 relates to a method of lowering the atmospheric pressure by attaching an aircraft wing shape upside down on the upper surface of the sample of the hydrated sample container.
The wind tunnel (wind path) structure for blowing natural wind and / or compressed air is a cylindrical structure, and means having a first function of putting natural wind and / or compressed air into the wind tunnel (wind path) structure; The second function to form and hold the low pressure part, which is the pressure drop region, by the constriction part provided in the central part of the cylindrical structure, reverses the upper (upper camber) and lower (lower camper) shapes of the aircraft wing shape. The upper surface of the sample in the shape or plane structure shape wing or the water-containing sample container has a convex plane shape, and the back surface forms a plane or concave plane structure shape wing, and a gap is provided between the sample upper surface of the hydrated sample container Means for deploying as a structure movable at a position through a fixed shaft serving as the center of gravity of the wing body, and a third means for raising the evaporated unsaturated humid air to atmospheric pressure and converting it to saturated humid air. The function means is a wind tunnel structure. Unsaturation that has passed through an aircraft wing-shaped upper camber that is the pressure drop region inside the structure or a flat plate that is closer to the water-containing sample container than the windward or a structure-shaped wing that has a convex flat top surface. Unsaturated humid air that has been pressurized by the combination of the humid air and the airflow that has passed through the flat camber or concave plane structure whose lower camber or leeward side of the aircraft wing body has been lowered toward the water-containing sample container is further expanded in the exit direction. After passing through the inside of the widening horn shape that opens, the leeward, which is the end part inside the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure, is treated with hydrophilicity so that the collision angle of saturated humid air can be freely adjusted. A means having a fourth function of disposing the condensing surface of the sheet and recovering the fresh water by dropping the condensed water condensed on the condensing surface in the vertical direction according to the collision angle of the condensing surface onto the collection container by its own weight. ing.
In general, the upper chord of an aircraft wing is called the upper camber, the lower chord is called the lower camber, the windward side is called the leading edge, and the leeward side is called the trailing edge. In the present invention, seawater or a hydrated substance sample container integrated with a cylindrical wind tunnel structure is arranged directly below the upside down wings of the shape obtained by inverting the shape of the upper surface (convex upper camber) and the lower surface (lower camber). The compressed air is blown from the opening of the cylindrical wind tunnel structure. Even if the wing body of the aircraft is a flat plate, if the windward is raised and the leeward side is lowered, the flow velocity on the lower side of the flat plate becomes faster than the upper plane, and a pressure drop appears. Even if it is a meniscus curved flat plate, if the lower surface is flat, the flow velocity on the lower surface increases and a pressure drop appears. In the low pressure region expressed in such a shape, water vapor generated from the hydrated material in the hydrated sample container becomes unsaturated moist air, and is sent to the third function and the fourth function related to the recovery of fresh water. In order to adjust the angle of attack of the inverted wing body and the distance from the hydrated sample container, the shaft serving as the center of gravity of the wing body is fixed on both wall surfaces of the cylindrical wind tunnel structure, and the shaft is vertically and vertically It has a handle mechanism that can adjust and displace the wing angle freely. When the wing body in which the shaft serving as the center of gravity is fixed on both wall surfaces of the cylindrical wind tunnel structure receives wind from the windward side, the resistance increases in proportion to the square of the speed when the air flow increases. The largest of these resistances is the pressure resistance. If the air flow smoothly flows to the rear of the wing, the flow separation does not occur. For this reason, the airfoil is streamlined. The line connecting the leading and trailing edges is called the chord line. The angle between the chord line and the wind flow is called the angle of attack. When this angle occurs, the airflow on the upper surface (upper camber) is faster on the aircraft wing than the airflow on the lower surface (lower camber). This high-speed flow lowers the atmospheric pressure. As a result, lift is generated. Here, even if the wings are flat rather than streamlined, a difference in air flow occurs between the upper surface and the lower surface, and lift is also generated. However, since the flat plate has high pressure resistance, the blades adopt a streamlined shape, and the upper surface (upper camber) has a convex surface to facilitate high-speed flow and form a low-pressure portion. In the present invention, moisture is evaporated from the water-containing material using the low-pressure part created by the airflow.

The invention according to claim 8 relates to a method of lowering the atmospheric pressure by disposing the aircraft wing-shaped upper surface (upper camber) vertically to the sample upper surface of the hydrated sample container.
The pressure drop area is reduced by a constricted part provided in the central part inside the wind tunnel (airway) structure from the liquid or solid hydrated substance that fills the hydrated substance container or is left in the hydrated substance container. Two aircraft wings that have a top surface (upper camber) and a bottom surface (lower camper) are the means that have the second function to generate and generate unsaturated moist air in sequence from a gas (liquid) with a low saturated vapor pressure. Placed on the hydrated sample container perpendicularly to the position where the upper surfaces (upper cambers) of each other face each other, and the natural wind and / or compressed air passing through is in a reduced pressure state at the passage site where it flows in contact with the sample in the hydrated sample container To generate an atmospheric pressure drop and generate unsaturated humid air.
By placing the upper surfaces (upper cambers) of the two aircraft wing-shaped objects perpendicularly to each other, the air pressures on the opposed surfaces are reduced by a factor of two, resulting from the evaporation from the water-containing material on the lower surface. Saturated humid air has passed through the pressure drop region, as the third function in which unsaturated humid air generated in the gap between the upper surfaces (upper cambers) of two aircraft wings is pressurized to atmospheric pressure and converted to saturated humid air. Passing through the inside of the horn shape that spreads in the direction of the outlet of the unsaturated humid air, the pressure is increased to atmospheric pressure, the cooling effect by adiabatic expansion, and the airflow and the air that have passed through the lower surfaces of the two aircraft wings (lower camber) The collision effect of the saturated humid air is promoted by the competitive action of the increase in atmospheric pressure by mixing with the saturated humid air, and the transition to saturated humid air is promoted. Freely deployed adjustable and a plurality of condensation surface treated hydrophilic to, to free-fall the condensed water condensed on said binding dew plane perpendicular beneath a direction corresponding to the angle of impingement said binding dew surface collection container.

The invention according to claim 9 is a piston-type reciprocating compressor, wherein the third function means for boosting and adiabatically compressing the unsaturated humid air generated in the atmospheric pressure drop region, which is the second function, to convert it into saturated humid air, Multistage turbo compressor or vane compressor, which generates saturated wet air by the adiabatic expansion area of each compressor, and converts to saturated wet air in the adiabatic compression area, resulting in compressed wet humidity The present invention relates to an apparatus that further compresses air and adiabatically compresses it to induce liquefaction on the hydrophilic condensation surface and converts it into saturated humid air.

The invention described in claim 10 relates to an object to be dehydrated by the device of the present invention.
In the case where the object to be treated is a liquid hydrate containing lower than the saturated vapor pressure of water, natural water such as seawater, salt water, salt lake water, hot spring water, mineral spring water, etc. containing minerals, acid aqueous solution, base aqueous solution, inorganic aqueous solution , Aqueous solutions of chemicals such as aqueous dyes, or liquids for beverages such as fruit juice, milk, organic substances (sugar water), and drinking water such as amino acids, fats, proteins, sugars, and carbohydrates, or vitamins and contamination It is water, and the solid hydrate is a plant such as wood, grass, vegetable, fruit, or meat or fish and shellfish. These hydrated substances are placed in a sample container, and the hydrated substances are dehydrated to recover fresh water.
The most important object to be treated in the present invention is seawater desalination, but it is not the only purpose to recover fresh water. High-concentration alcohol can be recovered from alcohol water, and metallic sodium and sulfuric acid, which are expected to be an alternative energy for petroleum, can be recovered from seawater. Rare metals can be recovered from hot spring water. Grass and plants can be supplied as silage by dehydration after collecting fresh water, and grass can be supplied as silage by controlling the amount of dehydration. As described above, mineral resources, industrial chemicals, long-term preservation foods, long-term preservation feeds and the like can be separated and recovered from the dehydrated concentrate simultaneously with the collection of fresh water for drinking. Seawater is used to recover metallic sodium, metallic magnesium, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid from fresh and concentrated water. Salt lakes such as Atacama Salt Lake, Unu Salt Lake, Bolivian Salt Lake, Argentina's Oralus Salt Lake, and Tibet Salt Lake in South America have large reserves of lithium. Many of them are concentrated in the salt fields using sunlight and wind. The period is more than half a year. The purpose of collecting drinking water is the Caspian Sea and Salt Lake. A hot spring with a source temperature of 25 degrees Celsius or higher is called a hot spring, and a lower temperature is called a mineral spring. Hot spring water is convenient for distillation because it contains more metal components than seawater and the temperature of the aqueous solution is high. Arima Onsen has a lot of lithium, and Tamagawa Onsen has a lot of aluminum. Hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are produced during electrodialysis of seawater, but since these are low in concentration, they can be dehydrated to increase the concentration. The juice once evaporates the water and concentrates to about 1/4 to 1/6. The concentrated fruit juice is sealed and stored in a drum. Concentrated and reduced juice is obtained by supplementing the water that has been evaporated from this concentrated fruit juice as a raw material and returning it to its original juice state (100% fruit juice). And good at long-term storage. Since 88.7% of milk is water, concentrated milk, like fruit juice, is good at reducing transportation costs and long-term storage. The concentration of fermented alcohol is 18-20%. This is concentrated by distillation, and 25% to 35% is shochu, and 50% to 70% is whiskey, brandy, Chinese liquor, cognac, vodka and the like. Since 100% of bioethanol for fuel is necessary, it is concentrated to 95% by the method of the present invention. Further dehydration will complete 100% fuel alcohol. However, since the boiling point of ethanol at 1 atm is 78 degrees Celsius, it evaporates faster than water. Therefore, the alcohol aqueous solution is concentrated by evaporating ethanol in the container containing the alcohol aqueous solution to condense and collect the saturated wet alcohol air, and the liquid remaining in the container is fresh water. Dehydration is required when the dye is dried and stored. Concentrate biological materials (amino acids, fats, proteins, sugars, carbohydrates) or blood for long-term storage.
Fruits and vegetables as solid hydrates are water reservoirs. Water in seawater is 96%, and pepper is also 96%. Melon 96%, watermelon 93%, cabbage 92%, mandarin orange 90%, tomato 90%, winter rice cake 90%, Qui 85% are mostly water storage. The same is true for grass, and it contains 90% of water. Vegetable lettuce also contains 96% water. The water content in the potatoes in the rhizome is 83% starch, 12.1%, and the moisture content in burdock is 78.6%. An eggplant growing in the tropics. It grows up on the sandy beach, and only one lion contains 1 liter of water. This water is also fresh water. These plants draw water from the soil and store them in leaves, fruits and stems. All of these waters are distilled water. Water evaporated from seawater, lake water or rivers is rained and falls to the ground. Correctly this should also be distilled water. However, it is hard to say pure distilled water due to the influence of air pollution. However, the water stored by plants is undoubtedly distilled water. With the exception of cocoons covered with hard skin and potatoes that can store water for a relatively long period of time, other fruits and vegetables shed water and rot in the atmosphere immediately after harvest. The period of holding water is very short. Many vegetables and fruits are discarded just because insects are eating or because the freshness has dropped. Collecting these distilled water and supplying them as beverages will save people in water-deficient countries who are drinking unsuitable water. An essential source of meat is the supply of feed to animals. It is necessary to secure winter feed except where grass can be collected at all times. At that time, silage is silage. At the beginning of autumn, silage, which is used as livestock feed, is often stored in silos with insufficient drying of the grass. However, inadequate drying results in a large amount of drainage and environmental pollution due to pollutants such as nitrogen and organic matter. For this reason, it is preferable that the water content be 70% or less. In general, the appropriate moisture range for lactic acid fermentation is 60 to 70%, which leads to good silage fermentation and is effective as a feed for livestock in winter. Furthermore, 30% of the water during silage production can be diverted to drinking water. In particular, meat and fish require freshness, so freezing is essential. However, refrigeration consumes power for freezing, storage and thawing. If the cooking method of dried meat and dried fish further advances, long-term storage will be possible, and the present invention will be a means to save the world's hunger and water shortage as a storage method that does not use salt from long-term storage based on salt. Think.
Furthermore, as a processing object for the purpose of dehydration according to the present invention, daily waste such as food reduction, food drying, laundry drying, etc. for the purpose of reducing the bulk of food waste by dehydration and maintaining freshness Applicable to life.

The invention according to claim 11 relates to a method of collecting fresh water from seawater only by natural wind by installing a reverse wing body of an aircraft parallel to the sea surface in a catamaran moored on the ocean.
Offshore is less affected by obstacles, so the wind is strong and stable. Moreover, if the bow of the catamaran is shaped like a ship, it has the property of always facing upwind. Furthermore, the raw material of fresh water is the sea water below. Therefore, the left and right sides of the rectangular wind tunnel structure that blows the sea breeze are regarded as both sides of the catamaran on the wall, the lower surface is regarded as a sample container of the sea surface of the raw material, and the upper surface is the upper surface of the aircraft wing body ( Think of it as Upper Camber). In addition, a wing body shape object is attached to both sides of the catamaran via a fixed shaft, and when obtaining fresh water from seawater, the second function of forming a low pressure part is the upper surface (upper camber) of the aircraft wing body shape. A structure in which the shape of the lower surface (lower camper) is reversed is movable through a fixed shaft that becomes the center of gravity of the wing body, and a gap is provided on the sea surface to be installed inside the cylindrical wind tunnel structure. By receiving natural wind (sea breeze) passing through the gap between the sea surface and the upper surface of the wing body (upper camber), a pressure drop region is generated in the gap between the upper surface of the wing body (upper camber) and the sea surface. In the structure obtained by inverting the aircraft wing body, the speed of the air passing through the lower camber becomes slow, and the atmospheric pressure becomes higher than that on the sea surface side. Moreover, since the area of the wing is large, the force that pushes the wing toward the sea surface increases, and the ship sinks. In order to prevent this, the buoyancy body of the catamaran is enlarged, and in order to maintain the distance between the sea surface and the wing surface, sea water is inserted into the buoyancy body to achieve a balance. Therefore, after a strong wind passes through the gap between the sea surface and the wing body, the atmospheric pressure decreases and the unsaturated water vapor spreads in the direction of the outlet of the fresh water production room, and then passes through the end-spreading horn shape, then inside the wind tunnel (windway) structure A plurality of dew condensation surfaces treated with hydrophilicity that allow the collision angle of saturated humid air to be freely adjusted are arranged on the leeward side that is the end portion of the mist, and the vertical detent direction according to the collision angle of the dew condensation surface is provided. Means having a fourth function of collecting fresh water by dropping the condensed water condensed on the dew condensation surface into a collection container by its own weight is provided. By providing a container at the sea level position of the catamaran and injecting seawater, the concentrated salt after dehydration can be recovered.

The invention according to claim 12 relates to a method of recovering fresh water from seawater only by natural wind by vertically arranging a wing-shaped upper camber of aircraft in a catamaran moored offshore. Is.
Offshore is less affected by obstacles, so the wind is strong and stable. Moreover, if the bow of the catamaran is shaped like a ship, it has the property of always facing upwind. Furthermore, the raw material of fresh water is the sea water below. Therefore, the center of gravity of the wing body is fixed with a top plate that is considered to be the upper surface of a rectangular wind tunnel structure that blows sea breeze, and the two wing aircraft wing shape objects with the upper cambers facing each other on both sides are regarded as both walls. It is equipped with a top plate that has the function of fixing the center of gravity of the two wing bodies, and the lower surface is regarded as a sample container for the seawater surface as a raw material. Therefore, when obtaining fresh water from seawater, the second function of forming the low pressure portion is a natural wind received by the gap between the upper surfaces (upper cambers) of the two wing aircraft wing bodies having a curved shape ( (Sea breeze) generates a pressure drop area and generates unsaturated humid air, where when strong wind passes through the gap between the sea surface and the wing body, the atmospheric pressure decreases and the unsaturated water vapor expands toward the outlet of the fresh water production room After passing through the inside of the horn shape, a plurality of dew condensations that are hydrophilically processed so that the collision angle of saturated humid air can be freely adjusted on the leeward end of the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure. A surface having a fourth function of collecting fresh water by dropping the condensed water condensed on the dew condensation surface onto the collection container by its own weight in the vertical downward direction according to the collision angle of the dew condensation surface is provided. By providing a container at the sea level position of the catamaran and injecting seawater, the concentrated salt after dehydration can be recovered.

The invention described in claim 13 relates to the structure of the fresh water recovery compressor.
A cylinder of a compressor such as a piston-type reciprocating compressor, multi-stage turbo compressor or vane compressor is regarded as a small wind tunnel, and a storage chamber is provided inside the small wind tunnel (cylinder) to seal air and hydrated samples. The containment chamber has an inlet for containing a hydrated sample, a disposal port for dehydrated material, an air inlet, an exhaust port and a fresh water collecting port. As a first function, Put air in and temporarily close it with a valve to make it in a sealed air state. As a second function, let the containment chamber communicate with the cylinder, expand the volume of the cylinder with the piston or vane of the cylinder, and reduce the inside. (Adiabatic expansion) to generate unsaturated moist air (third function), turn the unsaturated moist air into compression (adiabatic compression), pressurize, convert to saturated moist air (third function), Compress further, and with hydrophilic condensation Dew induced to thereby liquefy, fresh water recovered from combined valve fresh water and exhaust air, at the same time exhausts the air (fourth function).

The invention described in claim 14 relates to a fresh water producing apparatus using a piston type reciprocating compressor.
A storage chamber is provided inside the cylinder of the piston-type reciprocating compressor to seal the air and the hydrated sample. When the connecting rod of the piston-type reciprocating compressor is pulled, the valve of the air hole is closed during the intake stroke of the piston, and at the same time, the valve that connects the storage chamber and the cylinder is opened. The cylinder is filled with unsaturated humid air (second function) due to decompression due to expansion. If the direction of movement of the piston is reversed, the inside of the cylinder is compressed, and at the same time, the valve connecting the storage chamber and the cylinder is closed during the compression stroke of the piston, and the unsaturated humid air is compressed and converted to saturated humid air. (Third function) Further, when saturated humid air is compressed, condensation is induced on the hydrophilic condensation surface, the compressed air is discharged from the relief valve together with the condensed water, the compressed air is released to the atmosphere, and the condensed water is drained as fresh water. Collected in a container.

The invention described in claim 15 relates to a fresh water recovery apparatus in which a central axis of a cylinder of a vane compressor and a rotary shaft of a rotor for fixing the vane have the same shaft structure.
A hydrated sample container is installed at the bottom of the cylindrical cylinder, and the rotor is provided with three hinge vanes. Each vane has a sequence control that operates according to the time difference, and sequentially rotates in one direction. Means for sealing the atmosphere (first function), adiabatic expansion (second function), adiabatic compression (third function), and dew condensation (fourth function) by changing the volume of the preceding and succeeding vanes. In order to induce dew condensation, the back surface in the rotational direction of the three vanes (the surface on the pressure receiving side of saturated humid air) is subjected to a hydrophilic member or a hydrophilic treatment. That surface is the condition for inducing condensation.

The invention described in claim 16 relates to a fresh water recovery device having a structure in which each of the three removable vanes attached to the inside of the cylinder of the vane compressor at an interval of 120 degrees rotates eccentrically inside the cylinder. is there.
In this invention, it has one hydrophilic surface installed in contact between the inner wall of the cylinder and the rotor as well as three vanes attached to the rotor at intervals of 120 degrees rotating in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder. The role of a valve made of a resilient material in the shape of a cylinder or ridge is to have an air insertion chamber (first function), an unsaturated humid air generation chamber (second function), and a saturated humid air expression chamber (third function). In addition, it has a function of a valve (fourth function) that further compresses saturated humid air to induce condensation to block the fresh water outlet and the air hole.

The invention described in claim 17 relates to an apparatus for collecting fresh water by covering a plant having a root on the ground or a cut plant with a bag, and reducing the pressure in the bag with a piston-type reciprocating compressor.
This is a method of collecting fresh water from plants by covering plants with air with a bag of vinyl or polyethylene, connecting it to a piston type reciprocating compressor with a hose, and reciprocating the piston in the cylinder. The piston type reciprocating compressor used in the present invention is characterized by the reciprocating motion of the piston in a cylinder closed at both ends. When one of the two chambers of the cylinder divided by the piston is adiabatically expanded, the other is Is adiabatic compression, and the two chambers independently repeat adiabatic expansion and adiabatic compression, and during the adiabatic expansion, unsaturated humid air is generated by the decompression process. Relieve the condensed water in which saturated wet air is fitted to the top dead center and bottom dead center in the cylinder. Collect as fresh water from the condensation valve) in a drain container.

As described above, according to the present invention, fresh water can be taken out from seawater or water-containing substances without using any thermal energy and simply lowering the air pressure.
When there is an air flow (natural wind), high-speed air flow generates aircraft wings installed upside down in the center of the wind tunnel dehydrator and seawater or hydrated material immediately below the wings Unsaturated moist air, which is a mixture of water vapor and air generated from water-containing materials, is generated by low pressure, and the passage is gradually expanded to return to atmospheric pressure, and then converted to saturated moist air. Fresh water is recovered by condensation and liquefaction with the core.
When there is no air flow, the compressor cylinder is regarded as a small wind tunnel, and unsaturated humid air is generated by adiabatic expansion that expands the volume of hydrated matter and air in advance by sealing inside the cylinder and compressing it adiabatically. After conversion to saturated humid air, the fresh water is recovered by condensation and liquefaction using the hydrophilic condensation surface provided in the cylinder as a core.
This fresh water can be used as a means of emergency water production from seawater in disaster areas, and will save people suffering from water shortages around the world who are drinking unfit water. In addition, it can be effectively used as a livestock feed in winter if it is used for the production of silage, a livestock feed. Furthermore, 30% of the water during silage production can be diverted to drinking water. In this way, nutritional deficiencies and water shortages associated with food are eliminated, and metallic sodium obtained from seawater concentrate as a by-product of dehydration has an excellent effect on the global energy economy or the activation of food production as an alternative energy to petroleum. It is done.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for dehydrating a hydrated material using a pressure difference and a method for collecting fresh water (an explanatory diagram of claim 1). It is a flowchart regarding three methods for decompressing the air which exists in the vicinity of a hydrated material sample (explanatory drawing of claim 2). It is the schematic of the wind tunnel structure which narrowed the cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel center part (description figure of Claim 3). At the position where the low-pressure part is formed inside the rectangular tubular wind tunnel structure, an upside down aircraft wing (upside down wing) is attached, and natural wind is collected at the opening of the rectangular tubular wind tunnel structure. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram in which a wind hood (Claim 3) is attached (an explanatory diagram of Claims 1, 2, 3, and 4). FIG. 6 is a structural principle diagram of an apparatus for generating unsaturated moist air and saturated moist air in a wind tunnel or a compressor to induce condensation and liquefaction (claims 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 16). Illustration). (A) is a structural view of a dehydrator by attaching the aircraft wing shape upside down to the top surface of the sample of the hydrated sample container and lowering the atmospheric pressure. (B) Unsaturated moist air generated in the atmospheric pressure drop region. Unsaturated wet air generated by attaching two aircraft wings facing each other on the upper surface of the sample of water-containing sample container. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the structure of a dehydrating device that adiabatically compresses and condenses air with a screw-type rotary compressor (turbo type). (C) is an apparatus structural principle diagram for producing fresh water by causing adiabatic expansion and adiabatic compression in a first piston type reciprocating compressor (claims 4, 5, 9, and 13). (D) is an apparatus structure principle diagram for producing fresh water by causing adiabatic expansion and adiabatic compression in a vane compressor in which a free vane rotates eccentrically in a cylinder (an explanatory diagram of claims 4, 5, 9, and 16). A device for inducing condensation and liquefaction by lowering atmospheric pressure and generating saturated moist air by vertically deploying the aircraft wing-shaped upper surface (upper camber) to the upper surface of the sample of the hydrated sample container It is a structure principle figure (description figure of Claim 8). A method of collecting fresh water from seawater only by natural wind by installing a reverse wing body of an aircraft on a catamaran moored offshore, parallel to the sea surface, to induce condensation and liquefaction by generating saturated humid air It is a structure principle figure of a method (description figure of Claim 11). In order to induce dew condensation and liquefaction by deploying a method of collecting fresh water from seawater only by natural wind by deploying vertically on the sea surface at a position where the upper cambers of the aircraft wings face each other on a catamaran moored offshore It is a structural principle figure of this method (Explanatory drawing of Claim 12). It is a structure principle figure of the fresh water manufacturing apparatus using a piston type reciprocating compressor (description figure of Claim 14). A fresh water recovery apparatus in which a central axis of a cylinder of a vane compressor and a rotary shaft of a rotor for fixing the vane have the same shaft structure (an explanatory diagram of claim 15). (A) is a structural diagram of a hinge type vane. (B) is a state diagram before air filling. (C) is a first functional state diagram at the time of air filling. (D) is a second functional state diagram during adiabatic expansion. (E) is a 3rd functional capability state figure at the time of adiabatic compression. (F) is the fourth functional state diagram during condensation and liquefaction. (Explanatory diagram of claim 15). It is a structural principle figure of the apparatus which covers an alley planting plant and the cut-out plant with a bag, and decompresses the inside of a bag with a piston type reciprocating compressor, and collects fresh water (Explanatory drawing of Claim 17). FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram in which cooling water flows and a plurality of finned radiators are arranged in a fourth function related to the collection of fresh water.

Hereinafter, an effective embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for dehydrating a hydrous material using a pressure difference and a method for recovering fresh water (an explanatory diagram of claim 1).
In the present invention, since a substance having a higher saturated vapor pressure than water-containing material is first evaporated and separated and recovered, the vapor pressure of water is 1 atm (760 mmHg) at 100 ° C. Therefore, in a substance mixed with water, A substance with a vapor pressure of 1 atm or less evaporates first from a substance having a vapor pressure of 100 ° C. or lower. For example, ethanol is 78.32 ° C, acetone 56.12 ° C, methanol 64.51 ° C, etc. However, if the alcohol water is evaporated at the same temperature, the alcohol starts to evaporate first, and then the water evaporates. On the other hand, in the case of a water-containing material whose saturated water pressure is lower than that of water, it remains in the water-containing material. A gas (liquid) with a saturated vapor pressure lower than that of water is classified as water. Therefore, natural water such as sea water, salt water, salt lake water, hot spring water, mineral spring water, etc., or chemical aqueous solution such as acid aqueous solution, base aqueous solution, inorganic aqueous solution, dye aqueous solution, fruit juice, milk, organic matter (sugar water) (Liquid drinks such as health drinks and alcoholic beverages) and aqueous solutions of biological substances such as amino acids, fats, proteins, sugars, and carbohydrates, or vitamins and contaminated water. Plants such as vegetables and fruits, or meat and seafood are solid hydrates, and in the case of liquid hydrates higher than the saturated vapor pressure of water, the alcohol is alcohol water. These hydrated substances are placed in a sample container, and the hydrated substances are dehydrated to recover fresh water.
In order to dehydrate these hydrated samples and separate and recover fresh water and dehydrated substances (residues) or alcohols and water, steps from the first function to the fourth function are required. The first function is a wind tunnel structure (artificial tunnel having a wall around it) or an airway structure (a strong wind flow without a wall around the wind flux flowing around the boundary surface with a pressure difference between the surroundings and the present invention. A hydrated sample is installed in the wind tunnel), or the surface of the hydrated sample is used as at least one wall surface of the wind tunnel (wind passage), and natural wind, The high-speed wind, compressed air, or air that has collected the air is introduced. Subsequently, in the second function, the moisture sample and the air in the atmosphere are decompressed to generate unsaturated humid air. Here, an unsaturated wet air in which alcohol is vaporized is generated from an alcohol-containing sample having a higher vapor saturation pressure than water, and an unsaturated moisture in which water is vaporized from a liquid having a saturated vapor pressure equal to or lower than water. Air is generated. Further, in the third function, the unsaturated humid air is increased to atmospheric pressure, or is increased to atmospheric pressure or higher by adiabatic compression and converted to saturated humid air. Here, by the fourth function, the saturated humid air is further compressed and / or liquefaction is induced on the hydrophilic dew condensation surface to recover the true moisture. By starting this sequentially, fresh water (or high-concentration alcohol) is recovered from the liquid or solid water-containing material, and the dehydrated material (dealcoholized water) remaining in the water-containing material container is recovered. .

FIG. 2 is a flow chart relating to three methods for depressurizing air existing in the vicinity of a hydrated material sample (an explanatory diagram of claim 2).
In order to generate unsaturated humid air, air is required for the hydrated sample atmosphere. If there is an air flow, a low-speed flow and a high-speed flow can be formed by the aircraft wing body shape, or a high-speed flow can be created by sandwiching a constriction in the air flow. Alternatively, a high-speed flow can be created even if compressed air is stored in a cylinder and opened in the wind tunnel. If there is no air flow, the air reservoir (hydrated material container hangar) in the hydrated sample atmosphere is sealed with air, sealed, and adiabatically expanded with a compressor. Can also depressurize the air near the hydrated sample.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wind tunnel structure with a reduced cross-sectional area at the center of the wind tunnel (an explanatory diagram of claim 3).
Place a hydrated sample container 4 between the opening (windward) 2 of the wind tunnel 1 and the pressure drop area (constriction / constricted structure) 3 in the center, and the natural wind flowing in contact with the hydrated sample 5 And / or as the cross-sectional area of the passage of compressed air 6 (first function 7) narrows, it becomes high-speed flow air, and the air pressure and pressure drop area (constriction structure) 3 of the opening 2 near the wind tunnel entrance and An atmospheric pressure difference is generated between the sample and the hydrated sample in the vicinity of the reduced stenosis part 3 or 5 to generate unsaturated humid air 8 (second function 9), and then the cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel advances to the leeward side. As it grows, it gradually increases and is opened to the atmosphere. Using the pressure increase after the stenosis, unsaturated humid air is sequentially converted to saturated moist air 11 (third function 12), and adiabatic expansion that is opened from the stenosis to a wide site lowers the ambient temperature. The generation of saturated moist air 11 is promoted with the help of the effect, and fresh water (drain container) 15 is recovered by providing a dew condensation plate (surface) 13 that has been subjected to hydrophilic treatment in the atmosphere release portion 10 (fourth function 14). .

FIG. 4 is a structural principle diagram of an apparatus for generating unsaturated moist air and saturated moist air in a wind tunnel or a compressor to induce condensation and liquefaction.
Fig. 4-1 (A) is a diagram showing the structure of the dehydrator by attaching the aircraft wing shape upside down to the upper surface of the sample of the hydrated sample container and lowering the air pressure (claims 4, 5, 6, 7, 9). Illustration).
The wind tunnel (wind path) structure 1 for blowing natural wind and / or compressed air 6 is a cylindrical structure, and the first function of putting the natural wind and / or compressed air 6 into the wind tunnel (wind path) structure 1 7 and the second function 9 for forming and maintaining the low-pressure part which is the pressure drop region 3 by the constriction part provided in the central part of the wind tunnel structure 1 are the upper surface (upper camber) 16 of the aircraft wing body shape, An aircraft wing-shaped lower surface (lower camper) 17 shaped object (upside down wing) 18 or a plane structure-shaped wing or water-containing sample container 4 whose sample upper surface is a convex planar shape and whose rear surface is flat Alternatively, a concave planar structure-shaped wing is formed, and at a position where a gap is provided with the sample upper surface of the hydrated sample container, the elevation angle 19 is a structure that can be moved via the fixed shaft 20 that is the center of gravity of the wing body, Measures to deploy and evaporate unsaturated humid air to atmospheric pressure and saturate The third function 12 for converting to the humid air 11 is an aircraft wing-shaped upper camber 16 which is the pressure drop region 3 inside the wind tunnel (windway) structure 1 or the leeward sample container containing the leeward wind. A flat plate or a wet plane that has passed through a structure-shaped wing whose upper surface is a convex plane, and a flat plate or a concave plane in which the lower camber 17 or the leeward side of the aircraft wing body is lowered to the water-containing sample container 4 side Unsaturated humid air 8 that has been pressurized with the airflow that has passed through the structure is further passed through the interior of the horn-shaped structure 21 that widens toward the exit, and then the wind tunnel (windway) structure. A plurality of dew condensation plates 22 that are hydrophilically processed so that the collision angle of saturated humid air can be freely adjusted are arranged on the leeward side that is the terminal part inside the body, and the vertical direction corresponding to the collision angle of the dew condensation surface is provided. Condensed water that has condensed on the condensation surface in the downward direction By free-fall to the drain container) 15 has means having a fourth function 14 for collecting the fresh water.
Figure 4-1 (B) shows the generation of unsaturated moist air generated in the pressure drop region by attaching water vapor to the top of the sample in the hydrated sample container with two aircraft wings facing each other with convex surfaces facing each other. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the structure of a dehydrating apparatus that adiabatically compresses and dehydrates unsaturated wet air using a screw-type rotary compressor (turbo type) (explanatory diagram of claims 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9).
A stenosis provided in a central part inside the wind tunnel (airway) structure 1 from a liquid or solid hydrate containing a hydrate sample in the hydrate sample container 4 or being left in the hydrate sample container A means having a second function 9 that generates an atmospheric pressure drop region 3 depending on a part and generates unsaturated moist air 3 sequentially from a gas (liquid) having a low saturated vapor pressure is an upper surface (upper camber) 16 and a lower surface (lower camber). Rotating the motor 24 of the screw-type rotary compressor 23 by placing two aircraft upside down wings 18 having 17 shapes on the hydrated sample container 4 vertically on the upper surface (upper camber) 16 of the shaped object facing each other After the natural air 26 is compressed into compressed air 27 by the fan 25 linked to the shaft, the decompressed state is maintained in the passing portion that flows in contact with the sample of the hydrated sample container, and the pressure drop region 3 is generated, and the unsaturated humid air Generate 3 The saturated humid air 11 produced by adiabatic compression 28 of the unsaturated humid air 3 by the screw type rotary compressor 23 is compressed and liquefied in a condensing surface 29 atmosphere further treated with hydrophilic treatment and recovered as fresh water 15 and separated from fresh water. The air thus discharged is discharged into the atmosphere as dry air 31 by an exhaust fan 30 that is linked to the rotating shaft of the motor 24 of the screw type rotary compressor 23. Here, the reason why the screw-type rotary compressor is employed is that the exhaust temperature of the air can be suppressed to 60 ° C. or outside.
FIG. 4-2 (C) is an apparatus structural principle diagram for producing fresh water by causing adiabatic expansion and adiabatic compression in the first piston type reciprocating compressor (an explanatory diagram of claims 4, 5, 9, and 13).
A storage chamber 33 is provided in the compressor cylinder 32 for sealing the air and the hydrated material in the hydrated sample container 4, and the storage chamber 33 has a hydrated sample inlet, a dehydrated material disposal port, Equipped with an air inlet / exhaust port and fresh water recovery port. As the first function 7, air is introduced into the storage chamber 33 containing the hydrated sample and temporarily closed by the air hole valve 34 and sealed. In order to change to the second function 9 in the air state, the connecting rod 35 is pulled and adiabatic compression is started. By this suction, the opening / closing valve 36 is opened, the storage chamber 33 and the cylinder 32 are communicated, the volume of the cylinder is expanded by the piston 48 of the cylinder 32, and the inside is decompressed (adiabatic expansion) 9 to generate unsaturated humid air. (Second function 9). At this time, the connecting rod 35 is turned to the adiabatic compression 12. This compression increases the air pressure in the cylinder, and the on-off valve 36 is pushed and closed. As a result, the adiabatic compression 12 becomes stronger, the unsaturated humid air is converted to saturated humid air (third function 12), and condensation is induced on the condensation surface 29 that has been further compressed and subjected to hydrophilic treatment to liquefy. Fresh water 15 is collected from a release valve 37 that is used both as fresh water and exhaust air, and at the same time, air is exhausted from the release valve 37 (fourth function 14). Here, when the release valve 37 plays a role of adiabatic compression 12 and exceeds the set value of the optimum pressure for liquefaction, the release valve 37 is opened, fresh water and exhaust air are discharged, fresh water is accumulated in the drain vessel 15, and the discharged air is released to the atmosphere.
FIG. 4-2 (D) is a diagram showing the principle of the structure of an apparatus for producing fresh water by causing adiabatic expansion and adiabatic compression in a vane compressor in which a free vane rotates eccentrically in a cylinder (claims 4, 5, 9). 16 explanatory drawing).
In the present invention, three vanes 39 attached to the rotor 38 at an interval of 120 degrees rotating in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder 32 and the inner wall of the cylinder 32 and the rotor 38 are installed in contact with each other. The valve 40 made of elastic material in the form of a cylinder or ridge with a hydrophilic surface is the air storage chamber 33 (first function 7), the unsaturated humid air generation chamber 41 (second function 9), saturation The humid air conversion chamber 42 (third function 12) is present, and the saturated humid air is further compressed to induce condensation, thereby blocking the fresh water outlet and the air hole of the valve 40 (fourth function 14). It has a function.

FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of the aircraft wing-shaped upper surface (upper camber) facing the sample upper surface of the hydrated sample container perpendicularly to lower the atmospheric pressure and generate saturated humid air to induce condensation and liquefaction. FIG. 9 is a structural principle diagram of the apparatus of (No. 8).
Provided in the central part inside the wind tunnel (windway) structure 1 from the liquid or solid hydrate containing the hydrated sample container 4 filled with the hydrated sample 5 or standing in the hydrated sample container 4. The means with the second function 9 that generates an atmospheric pressure drop region by the constricted part and generates unsaturated moist air sequentially from the gas (liquid) with a low saturated vapor pressure is the upper surface (upper camber) 16 and the lower surface (lower camper) Natural wind and / or compressed air that passes through the upper surface (upper camber) 16 of the upside down wings 18 of two aircraft wing bodies having 17 shapes vertically on the hydrated sample container 4 at a position facing each other. A reduced pressure state is maintained in the passage portion 6 flows in contact with the hydrated sample 5 of the hydrated sample container 4 to generate a pressure drop region, and the unsaturated humid air 43 is generated.
By vertically standing the upper surface (upper camber) 16 of the two upside down wings 18 of the two aircrafts, the air pressure on the opposed surfaces is reduced by a factor of two, evaporating from the water content on the lower surface. The generated unsaturated moist air 43 has a third function 12 in which the unsaturated moist air 43 generated in the gap between the upper surfaces (upper cambers) 16 of the two aircraft wings is pressurized to atmospheric pressure and converted to saturated moist air 44. , A means for increasing the pressure to atmospheric pressure, the cooling effect by adiabatic expansion, and the two aircraft wings. Conversion to saturated moist air 44 is promoted by the competitive action of the increase in atmospheric pressure by mixing the airflow passing through the lower surface (lower camber) 17 and the unsaturated moist air 43, and the inside of the wind tunnel structure 1 On the leeward end In addition, a plurality of dew condensation plates 22 that have been treated to be hydrophilic so that the collision angle of saturated humid air 44 can be freely adjusted are provided, and dew condensation occurs on the dew condensation surface in a direction directly below according to the collision angle of the dew condensation surface. The condensed water is dropped by its own weight into the fresh water drain container 15 to collect fresh water.

Fig. 6 shows the structure of a method for inducing condensation and liquefaction by installing a reverse wing body of an aircraft parallel to the sea surface on a catamaran moored offshore and collecting fresh water from seawater using only natural wind. It is a principle figure (explanatory drawing of claim 11).
Both sides of the rectangular wind tunnel structure that blows natural wind (sea breeze) 26 are regarded as both sides of catamaran 45 as walls, and the bottom is regarded as raw material seawater (hydrated sample) 5 as a sample container, and The upper surface is regarded as the upper surface (upper camber) 16 of the aircraft wing body shaped object (upside down wing) 18. In addition, a wing body shaped object (upside down wing) 18 is attached to both sides of the catamaran 45 via a fixed shaft 20 that is the center of gravity of the wing body, forming a low pressure region when obtaining fresh water from seawater. The second function 9 is a structure in which the top surface (upper camber) 16 and the bottom surface (lower camper) 17 of the aircraft wing body shape are inverted and movable through the fixed shaft 20 that is the center of gravity of the wing body. The natural wind (sea breeze) 26 passing through the gap between the sea surface (seawater) 5 and the wing body upper surface (upper camber) 16 is received by providing a gap on the sea surface and installed inside the cylindrical wind tunnel structure. As a result, a pressure drop region is generated in the gap between the upper surface of the wing body (upper camber) 16 and the sea surface. In the structure obtained by inverting the aircraft wing body, the speed of the air passing through the lower camber 17 becomes slow, and the atmospheric pressure becomes higher than that on the sea surface side. Moreover, since the area of the wing is large, the force that pushes the wing toward the sea surface increases, and the ship sinks. In order to prevent this, the buoyancy body 45 of the catamaran 45 is enlarged, and in order to maintain the distance between the sea surface and the wing surface, sea water is inserted into the buoyancy body to achieve a balance. Therefore, after a strong wind passes through the gap between the sea surface and the wing body, the atmospheric pressure decreases and the unsaturated humid air 43 spreads in the direction toward the outlet of the fresh water production chamber 46 and then passes through the inside of the horn-shaped structure 21 that is widened. On the lee, which is the terminal part inside the structure, a plurality of dew condensation plates 22 that have been treated with hydrophilicity so that the collision angle of saturated humid air 42 can be freely adjusted are arranged, and the dew plate 22 collides. Means having a fourth function 14 for collecting the dew condensation water condensed on the dew condensation plate 22 in the vertical direction corresponding to the angle by dropping into the collection container by its own weight is provided.

Fig. 7 shows a method of collecting fresh water from seawater using only natural winds by deploying vertically on the sea surface in a position where the upper cambers of the aircraft wings face each other on a catamaran moored offshore. It is a structural principle figure of the method for inducing (Explanatory drawing of Claim 12).
The fixed shaft 20 that is the center of gravity of the two wing bodies is fixed by a top plate 47 that is regarded as the upper surface of a rectangular wind tunnel structure that blows natural wind (sea breeze) 26, and the upper cambers 16 face each other on both sides A wing aircraft wing shaped object (upside down wing) 18 is regarded as both walls, and a top plate 47 having the function of fixing the center of gravity of the two wing bodies is provided on the upper surface, and the lower surface is a sample of the seawater surface that is the raw material Think of it as a container. Therefore, when obtaining fresh water from seawater, the second function 9 that forms the low-pressure portion is naturally received by the gap between the upper surfaces (upper camber) 16 of the two-wing aircraft wing body having a curved shape. Wind (sea breeze) 26 generates a pressure drop region and generates unsaturated damp air 43, where when strong wind passes through the gap between the sea surface and the wing body, the air pressure decreases and the unsaturated damp air 43 becomes fresh water production chamber 46 After passing through the end-spreading horn-shaped structure 21 that expands in the outlet direction, the collision angle of the saturated humid air 42 can be freely adjusted to the leeward, which is the end part inside the wind tunnel (windway) structure. A plurality of dew condensation plates 22 treated to be hydrophilic are arranged, and dew condensation condensed on the dew condensing surface in the vertical downward direction according to the collision angle of the dew condensation plate is dropped by its own weight into the recovery container, and the fresh water is drained by the container 15 Means having a fourth function 14 for recovery.

FIG. 8 is a structural principle diagram of a fresh water producing apparatus using a piston type reciprocating compressor (an explanatory diagram of claim 14).
A storage chamber 33 is provided inside the cylinder 32 of the piston-type reciprocating compressor to seal the air and the hydrated material sample 5. The storage chamber 33 has an inlet for the hydrated material 5 and a waste outlet for the dehydrated material and air. When the connecting rod 35 of the piston type reciprocating compressor is pulled, the air hole valve 34 is closed by the intake stroke of the piston 48, and at the same time, the opening / closing valve 36 connecting the storage chamber 33 and the cylinder 32 is opened. When the volume in the cylinder expands in conjunction, the cylinder is filled with unsaturated humid air (second function 9) due to the adiabatic decompression. Here, when the direction of movement of the piston 48 is reversed by the connecting rod 35, the inside of the cylinder is compressed, and at the same time, the opening / closing valve 36 connecting the storage chamber 33 and the cylinder 32 is closed during the compression stroke of the piston, and the unsaturated humid air is compressed. When the saturated humid air is further compressed, condensation is induced on the hydrophilic condensation surface, and the compressed air is discharged from the relief valve 37 together with the condensed water. The air is released to the atmosphere, and the condensed water is collected in the drain container 15 as fresh water.

FIG. 9 shows a fresh water recovery apparatus in which the central axis of the cylinder of the vane compressor and the rotating shaft of the rotor for fixing the vane have the same shaft structure. (A) is a structural diagram of a hinge type vane. (B) is a state diagram before air filling. (C) is a first functional state diagram at the time of air filling. (D) is a second functional state diagram during adiabatic expansion. (E) is a 3rd functional capability state figure at the time of adiabatic compression. (F) is the fourth functional state diagram during condensation and liquefaction. (Explanatory diagram of claim 15).
In FIG. 9A, the central axis of the cylinder 32 and the rotating shaft 38 of the rotor to which the a, b, and c of the three butterfly vanes 50 are attached are the same axis, and the three are arranged so as to crawl the inner wall of the cylinder 32. The butterfly vane 50 rotates in the order of a → b → c, and the adjacent and facing two vanes have a sequence circuit that operates according to the time difference, and the preceding vane and the succeeding vane adjacent to each other. Depending on the volume change with the vane, the air is inserted (first function) → adiabatic expansion (second function) → adiabatic compression (third function) → dew condensation / liquefaction (fourth function). Complete one round. By repeating this, fresh water is continuously produced. The feature of the present invention is that the rotational axes of the three vanes 50 are the same, and the rotational driving force of each vane is obtained from the central vane from the shaft and the other two vanes from the left and right side surfaces, respectively. . For convenience of explanation, vanes are denoted as a, b, and c for convenience.
9B, the vane (a) first stops at a position slightly beyond the front of the water-containing sample 5 at the bottom of the cylinder 32 along the cylinder 32. FIG.
In FIG. 9C, the air hole valve 34 is opened and the air produced by the vanes (a) and (b) is stored to fill 33 air (first function 7). Here, the vane (b) blocks air.
The vane (a) in FIG. 9D rotates while performing adiabatic expansion and stops when it passes through the release valve 37 (second function 9).
FIG. 9 (E) The vane (b) passes the position slightly over the water sample 5 at the bottom of the cylinder 32 and follows the vane (a) while performing adiabatic compression (third function 12).
Fig. 9 (F) Furthermore, the vane (b) compresses the vane (a), and the surface opposite to the rotation direction of the vane (a) is a dew condensation surface (plate) 29 that has been subjected to hydrophilic treatment. Liquefaction occurs. Here, when the release valve 37 becomes equal to or higher than the set air pressure, the condensed water and air are exhausted.

FIG. 10 is a structural principle diagram of an apparatus for covering a planted plant or cut plant in an alley with a bag, and decompressing the inside of the bag with a piston-type reciprocating compressor to recover fresh water (Explanatory diagram of claim 17). .
A plant 51 (weed, grass, leaves) 52 is covered with air in a bag 51 such as vinyl or polyethylene, and this is connected to a piston-type reciprocating compressor 54 via an unsaturated humid air inlet valve 56 with a hose 53. The fresh water 15 is recovered from the plant 51 by the piston 48 reciprocatingly moving in the cylinder 32 with the connecting rod 35. The feature of the piston-type reciprocating compressor 54 used in the present invention is that the piston 32 reciprocates in the cylinder 32 closed at both ends, and one of the two chambers of the cylinder divided by the piston 32 is adiabatically expanded. In this case, the other is adiabatic compression, and the two chambers alternately repeat adiabatic expansion and adiabatic compression alternately. During adiabatic expansion, unsaturated humid air is generated by the decompression process, and during the adiabatic compression, Condensation in which saturated wet air from the adiabatic compression area is fitted to the top dead center and bottom dead center in the cylinder, and the pressure receiving surface (both ends of the cylinder) of the saturated wet air is condensed on the condensation surface 29 made of a hydrophilic material. Water is collected from the release valve (condensation valve) 37 as fresh water in the drain container 15. For the purpose of promoting liquefaction, the pipe at the front stage of the release valve 37 can be cooled with the cooling water 57.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram in which cooling water flows and a plurality of finned radiators are arranged in the fourth function related to the collection of fresh water. In general, the amount of condensation is higher at lower temperatures. Therefore, cooling water 57 flows in a direction parallel to the air flow direction, and a finned radiator 58 is installed.The fin is a metal dew condensation plate 13, and the metal plate fin 59 is subjected to hydrophilic treatment, and a plurality of sheets are provided. Spaced. This method is effective because the temperature of the dew condensation atmosphere is lowered and air flows between the dew condensation plates, so that the air flow is not obstructed and the air released to the atmosphere is dry air.

Seawater is 96% water and 4% salt. As drinking water, sodium is the most common salt. The present invention can extract fresh water from seawater or water-containing substances without using any heat energy and simply lowering the air pressure. Unsaturated humid air is generated from the water-containing sample using the low pressure region created by the flow of high-speed wind or the low pressure region generated when the compressor adiabatically expands, and then converted to saturated humid air by pressurization to make it hydrophilic. The invention of the present application using the pressure difference that causes condensation or liquefaction on the surface desalinates seawater, and uses the dehydrated concentrate as an energy resource. This desalination and concentration of seawater is not limited to seawater, but saltwater, hot spring water, mineral spring water, acid, base, salt, fruit juice, milk, organic matter (sugar water), inorganic matter, alcohol, pigments, biological substances (amino acids, Fats, proteins, sugars, carbohydrates), healthy drinking water, alcoholic beverages and vitamins, medicines, fruits, vegetables, meat, shellfish, etc. Because it leads to reuse, it will be used not only in industries but also as a means of solving food shortages and water shortages. The present invention not only calms the current situation of global resources depletion and resource soaring, or the emergence of new resource supply countries and the increasing influence on the international community, but also inexhaustible marine resources and Securing alternative energy sources for fossil fuels using clean and renewable natural energy is an important tool for the Japanese environment, which is surrounded on all sides by the sea, as well as in the global environment and economically. Think to get. Furthermore, it can be used as an emergency portable simple seawater desalination device in the event of a disaster.

1 Wind tunnel 2 Opening (windward)
3 Atmospheric pressure drop (stenosis / constricted structure)
4 Water-containing sample container 5 Water-containing sample 6 Natural wind and / or compressed air 7 First function 8 Unsaturated humid air 9 Second function 10 Open air 11 Saturated humid air 12 Third function 13 Condensation plate (surface)
14 Fourth function 15 Fresh water (drain container)
16 Aircraft wing shape upper surface (upper camber)
17 Lower surface of aircraft wing shape (lower camper)
18 Vertically inverted blades 19 Elevation angle 20 Fixed shaft 21 that is the center of gravity of the wing body End-spreading horn-shaped structure 22 Condensation plate 23 Screw-type rotary compressor 24 Motor 25 Fan 26 Natural air 27 Compressed air 28 Adiabatic compression 29 Condensation surface 30 Exhaust fan 31 Dry air 32 Cylinder 33 Storage chamber 34 Air hole valve 35 Connecting rod 36 Open / close valve (Communication between storage chamber and cylinder)
37 Release valve 38 Rotor 39 Vane 40 Valve (condensation surface and air hole shielding / hydrophilicity)
41 Unsaturated humid air generation chamber 42 Saturated humid air conversion chamber 43 Unsaturated humid air 44 Saturated humid air 45 Catamaran 46 Fresh water production chamber 47 Top plate (top wall of wind tunnel)
48 piston 49 vane compressor
50 Hinge type vane 51 Bag (vinyl, poly, etc.)
52 plants (weeds, pastures, leaves)
53 Hose 54 Piston-type reciprocating compressor 55 Ground 56 Unsaturated humid air inlet valve 57 Cooling water 58 Cooling water flows and radiator 59 with fins Metal fin

Claims (17)

Fill the liquid sample, which is the hydrated material, into the structure or the hydrated sample container that can be installed on the floor of the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure that blows natural wind and / or compressed air. Alternatively, when a solid sample is allowed to stand, and when dehydrated and fresh water is recovered from the water-containing material, means having a first function of putting natural wind and / or compressed air into the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure and water saturation Means having a second function of maintaining a moisture-containing sample higher than the vapor pressure or a gas (liquid) having a saturated vapor pressure equal to or lower than that of water in a reduced pressure state and successively generating unsaturated humid air; A means having a third function of increasing the pressure of the unsaturated humid air to atmospheric pressure or higher by adiabatic compression to atmospheric pressure and converting it into saturated humid air; and further compressing and / or hydrophilic dew plate with the saturated humid air Invoke liquefaction to recover true moisture Fourth by sequentially activated and means having a function, a liquid or solid dehydration process and fresh water collection methods utilizing air pressure difference and recovering the dewatered and fresh water from the hydrate sample. In conjunction with the second function of depressurizing the air of the hydrated sample container atmosphere inside the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure, the first function of blowing natural wind and / or compressed air is in an atmosphere with air flow, It has the function of collecting natural wind or compressed air at the entrance of the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure, and in an atmosphere where there is no air flow, the hydrated sample container storage chamber that is an air reservoir is sealed in advance with air, 2. The pressure difference is utilized from a liquid or solid hydrated sample according to claim 1, wherein the air is inserted into the wind tunnel structure by adiabatic expansion of the sealed air with a compressor. Dehydration method. The natural wind and / or compressed air passage site flowing in contact with the sample of the hydrated sample container inside the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure is maintained in a reduced pressure state, and a gas having a high saturated vapor pressure is generated by generating a pressure drop region ( The means having the second function of generating unsaturated moist air sequentially from the liquid) forms a constricted part inside the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure by a constricted structure, and installs a hydrated sample container on the windward side from the constricted part 2. The dehydration method using a pressure difference from a liquid or solid water-containing sample according to claim 1, The natural wind and / or compressed air passage site flowing in contact with the sample of the hydrated sample container inside the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure is maintained in a reduced pressure state, and a gas having a high saturated vapor pressure is generated by generating a pressure drop region ( The means for obtaining the second function of successively generating unsaturated humid air from the liquid) arranges a shape that increases the flow rate of the natural wind and / or compressed air in the passage to reduce the pressure or to insulate the enclosed air 2. The dehydration method using a pressure difference from a liquid or solid water-containing sample according to claim 1, wherein the dehydration is performed by expanding and reducing the pressure. The third function means for boosting, adiabatically compressing, and compressing the unsaturated humid air obtained from the second function inside the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure into saturated humid air is the exit direction of the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure. Adiabatic compression above atmospheric pressure by passing through a horn-shaped part that spreads to the outside and increasing the pressure to atmospheric pressure by lowering the temperature, or by interlocking with a piston-type reciprocating compressor, multistage turbo compressor, or vane-type compressor 2. The dehydration method using a pressure difference from a liquid or solid hydrated sample according to claim 1, characterized in that the saturated moist air generated by the compression is a means for further compressing and inducing liquefaction. The fourth function means for collecting the fresh water by further compressing the saturated humid air and inducing liquefaction allows the collision angle of the saturated humid air to be freely adjusted at the leeward end of the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure. The dew condensation surfaces of a plurality of dew condensation plates that can be adjusted are treated to be hydrophilic, and the dew condensation condensed on the dew condensation surfaces in the vertical downward direction according to the collision angle of the dew condensation plates is dropped by its own weight into the collection container to remove fresh water. 2. The dehydration method and fresh water recovery method using a pressure difference from a liquid or solid hydrated sample according to claim 1, characterized by comprising means for recovering. The wind tunnel (wind path) structure for blowing natural wind and / or compressed air is a cylindrical structure, and means having a first function of putting natural wind and / or compressed air into the wind tunnel (wind path) structure; The second function to form and hold the low pressure part, which is the pressure drop region, by the constriction part provided in the central part of the cylindrical structure, reverses the upper (upper camber) and lower (lower camper) shapes of the aircraft wing shape. Means for deploying a shaped object or a curved structure shaped object as a structure movable at a position where a gap is provided between the upper surface of the sample of the hydrated sample container and an elevation angle via a fixed shaft serving as the center of gravity of the wing body; ,
The third function means for converting the evaporated unsaturated humid air to a saturated humid air by lowering the temperature to atmospheric pressure and converting it into the saturated humid air is a method of removing the unsaturated humid air that has passed through the pressure drop region inside the wind tunnel structure. It has a means to pass the inside of the horn shape that spreads in the direction of the exit and pressurize to atmospheric pressure, and the leeward which is the end part inside the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure has a collision angle of saturated humid air. A plurality of dew condensation plates with hydrophilic dew condensation surfaces that can be freely adjusted are provided, and dew condensation condensed on the dew condensation surfaces in the vertical direction according to the collision angle of the dew condensation plates 7. The liquid or solid state according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, characterized by comprising means having a fourth function of collecting fresh water by dropping. Characterized by recovering dehydrated and fresh water from hydrated samples Using dehydrator and dehydrated fresh water recovery device. Air pressure drop due to a constricted part provided in the central part inside the wind tunnel (airway) structure from a liquid or solid hydrated sample filled in the hydrated sample container or allowed to stand in the hydrated sample container Two aircraft wings that have a top surface (upper camber) and a bottom surface (lower camper) are the means that have the second function of generating a zone and generating unsaturated moist air in sequence from a gas (liquid) with a low saturated vapor pressure. A natural sample and / or compressed air passing through the inside of the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure is disposed on a hydrated sample container perpendicularly to a position where the upper surfaces (upper cambers) of the shaped object are opposed to each other. Means for maintaining a reduced pressure state at a passing portion that flows in contact with the sample of the sample, generating a pressure drop region, and generating unsaturated humid air;
The third function that the unsaturated moist air generated in the gap between the upper surfaces (upper cambers) of the two aircraft wings is pressurized to atmospheric pressure and converted to saturated moist air is the atmospheric pressure drop. Passing through the inside of the horn-shaped horn that expands in the direction of the outlet of the unsaturated moist air that has passed through the zone, it has a means to increase the pressure to atmospheric pressure, and it is on the lee that is the end part inside the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure Is provided with a plurality of dew condensation plates whose dew condensation surfaces are treated to be hydrophilic so that the collision angle of saturated humid air can be freely adjusted, and the dew condensation surfaces are vertically oriented according to the collision angle of the dew condensation plates. 8. The dehydrated and fresh water is recovered from the liquid or solid water-containing sample according to claim 7, comprising means having the fourth function of dropping condensed water by its own weight into a recovery container and recovering fresh water. Pressure difference, characterized by Use the dehydrator and fresh water recovery device. The third function means for boosting and adiabatically compressing unsaturated humid air generated in the pressure drop region, which is the second function, and converting it into saturated humid air is a piston-type reciprocating compressor, a multistage turbo compressor, or a vane type. Compressors are used to generate unsaturated moist air in the adiabatic expansion area of each compressor, and in the adiabatic compression area, it is converted to saturated moist air, and the compressed moist air is further compressed and liquefied. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the unsaturated humid air is pressurized and adiabatically compressed to convert to saturated humid air. Samples used in a structure that is integrated with a hydrated sample container or a sample container that can be installed on the floor of a wind tunnel structure that blows natural wind and / or compressed air, is based on the saturated vapor pressure of water. In the case of low liquid water content, natural water containing minerals (seawater, salt water, salt lake water, hot spring water, mineral spring water), chemical aqueous solution (acid aqueous solution, base aqueous solution, inorganic aqueous solution, dye aqueous solution), beverage ( Fruit juice, milk, organic matter (sugar water) healthy drinking water, liquor), biological material aqueous solution (amino acids, fats, proteins, sugars, carbohydrates), vitamins, contaminated water,
In the case of a liquid hydrate containing water higher than the saturated vapor pressure of water, it is alcoholic water, and as a solid hydrate, it is a plant (tree, grass, vegetable, fruit), meat, seafood Claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 5, claim 6 dehydration method and fresh water recovery method and claim 7, claim 8 dehydration apparatus and Water-containing sample used in fresh water recovery equipment. A cylindrical wind tunnel structure surrounded by the upper and lower surfaces and the left and right surfaces for blowing natural wind (sea wind) is arranged on the sea surface, and the sea surface that is the lower surface of the cylindrical wind tunnel structure is regarded as a hydrated sample container, and The upper surface is regarded as the upper surface (upper camber) of the aircraft wing shape object, and further, the wing shape object is attached to the catamaran via a fixed shaft, and both the catamaran ships are connected to the cylindrical shape. Assuming that the wind tunnel structure is the left and right wall surfaces, when obtaining fresh water from seawater, the second function that forms the low-pressure part is the shape that reverses the upper (upper camber) and lower (lower camper) shapes of the aircraft wing shape. The structure is movable through a fixed shaft that is the center of gravity of the wing body, and a gap is provided on the sea surface to be installed inside the cylindrical wind tunnel structure, and the gap between the sea surface and the wing body upper surface (upper camber) By receiving natural wind (sea breeze) passing through the The second function of generating an atmospheric pressure drop in the gap between the upper camber and the sea surface and generating unsaturated moist air by evaporation of seawater, and a large condensation atmosphere of water vapor evaporated by the aircraft wing shape A fresh water production chamber is provided as the third function and the fourth function for increasing the pressure to atmospheric pressure and converting it into saturated humid air. Further, in the lee, which is the end of the wind tunnel (wind channel) structure, A plurality of dew condensation plates whose dew condensation surfaces that allow the collision angle to be freely adjusted are arranged in a fresh water manufacturing chamber, and dew condensation occurs on the dew condensation surface in a direction directly below according to the collision angle of the dew condensation plates. 9. A method for collecting and collecting fresh water from seawater according to claim 1 and claim 8, wherein the fourth function of collecting fresh water by dropping condensed water into a collection container by its own weight is provided. In order to deploy a cylindrical wind tunnel structure surrounded by the upper surface and the left and right surfaces for blowing natural wind (sea wind) on the sea surface, the sea surface on the lower surface of the cylindrical wind tunnel structure is regarded as a hydrated sample container, and is opposed to it. When obtaining fresh water from seawater, the left and right sides of the upper surface (upper camber) of two aircraft wings that are vertically arranged on the catamaran are positioned as both wall surfaces of the cylindrical structure. The second function of forming the part is to generate a pressure drop area by the natural wind (sea breeze) received by the gap between the upper surfaces (upper cambers) of the two wing aircraft wings having a curved shape. The third function and the fourth function of generating unsaturated moist air by evaporation, and further increasing the pressure of the condensed atmosphere of water vapor evaporated by the gap between the two wing-shaped aircraft wings to atmospheric pressure to convert to saturated moist air. A fresh water production room as a function (Windway) In the leeward, which is the end part inside the structure, a plurality of dew condensation plates with a dew condensation surface that is hydrophilic to allow adjustment of the collision angle of saturated humid air can be freely adjusted. 2. The fresh water is collected by dropping the condensed water condensed on the condensation surface in a vertically downward direction according to a collision angle of the condensation plate into a collection container by placing it in a collection container. An apparatus for collecting and collecting fresh water from seawater according to claim 8 and claim 11. The means for obtaining the first function according to claim 1 is a stationary influence area of the sample in the hydrated sample container installed inside the wind tunnel (airway) structure for blowing natural wind and / or compressed air Both ends of the wind tunnel (wind passage) are temporarily blocked with a valve to form a sealed air state, and the sealed air is decompressed by adiabatic expansion to generate unsaturated humid air from the water-containing sample. 2 functions, a 3rd function which pressurizes and adiabatically compresses the unsaturated humid air, converts it into saturated humid air, and a 4th function which further compresses and liquefies the saturated humid air and collects fresh water in a drain container The means repeats adiabatic expansion and adiabatic compression sequentially with a piston-type reciprocating compressor, a multi-stage turbo compressor, or a vane-type compressor, and further compresses saturated moisture generated and induces liquefaction. Claim 1, Claim 2, Claim 4, Contract A method for obtaining fresh water from a water-containing sample by pressurizing the unsaturated moist air according to claim 5, claim 9 and claim 10 and converting it into saturated moist air. When the piston-type reciprocating compressor according to claim 5 and claim 9 reciprocates in the cylinder, the valve of the air hole is opened during the compression stroke of the piston, and the hydrated sample container installed at the bottom of the cylinder is connected to the cylinder. The on-off valve is closed and the first function means for mixing the air around the hydrated sample container into the cylinder and the on-off valve connecting the hydrated sample container and the cylinder in the expansion stroke of the piston are opened to At the same time as decompressing the air, the unsaturated wet air evaporated from the water-containing sample container installed at the bottom of the cylinder is adiabatically expanded to become saturated humid air, and the on-off valve is closed by the compression stroke of the piston from the top dead center. The saturated humid air generated by the compression is further compressed and induced to liquefy, and the pressure receiving surface of the saturated humid air pressurized by the piston in the cylinder is made of a hydrophilic member. Condensed water condensed on the dew condensation surface of the dew plate is collected in the air compressed by the relief valve and the drain container, and at the same time, the interlocked air hole valve is opened, and the water-containing water installed at the bottom of the cylinder The water-containing sample is obtained by the piston-type reciprocating compressor according to claim 1, wherein the adiabatic expansion and the adiabatic compression are repeatedly performed by having a function of filling the periphery of the object sample container with air. A device that obtains fresh water from water. The vane compressor according to any one of claims 5, 9, and 13 has a structure in which a central axis of a cylindrical cylinder and a rotation axis of a rotor for fixing the vane are the same axis, and the bottom of the cylindrical cylinder Is provided with the hydrated sample container, and the rotor, which is the rotating shaft of the vane compressor, is provided with three hinge vanes, and each of the three hinge vanes operates according to a time difference. It has a mechanism that is attached to the rotor shaft so as to rotate sequentially only in one direction with sequence control, and the air is changed by the volume change formed by the rotation of two hinge vanes adjacent to each other. A first function means for sealing, a second function means for generating unsaturated moist air by adiabatic expansion of the sealed air, and a second function for converting the unsaturated moist air to saturated moist air by adiabatic compression. 3 A means for performing a rotational movement independently and sequentially with a means having a function and a means having a fourth function for further compressing and liquefying the saturated humid air; The first function means to seal off the hydrated material in the sample container and the air to be sealed off by the first and second vanes, and the first and second vanes adiabatically expands to unsaturated moisture. A second function means for obtaining air; a third function means for adiabatically compressing unsaturated humid air obtained by adiabatic expansion by the first and second vanes to convert to saturated humid air; and Inducing compression and liquefaction, the fresh water is discharged from the relief valve (condensation valve) to the outside of the cylindrical cylinder from the drain where the first vane is located in front of the air hole valve by one rotation of the rotor And each of the three hinge vanes The pressure-receiving surface of saturated moist air on the back surface in the rolling direction is a fourth function means comprising a hydrophilic member, and the first and second, second and third of each of the three hinge vanes. The first function, the second function, the third function, and the fourth function are continuously performed by the volume change surrounded by the cylinder, the rotor, and the vane by repeating the cooperative operation of the first sheet and the third sheet and the first sheet. 10. An apparatus for obtaining fresh water from a hydrated material sample by vane compression according to claim 1, 5, and 9, characterized by being repeated repeatedly. Each of the three removable vanes attached to the vane type compressor at an interval of 120 degrees with respect to the eccentric shaft of the rotor attached eccentrically in the cylinder rotates eccentrically in the cylinder. The first function of taking in air from the air holes sequentially and independently, the water evaporated from the hydrated material in the hydrated sample container installed at the bottom of the cylindrical cylinder, and the air by the first function were mixed. Unsaturated humid air is formed by the second function of adiabatically expanding the volume of the atmosphere sequentially by eccentric rotation of the rotor, and saturated humid air is formed by the third function of compressing and adiabatically compressing the volume of the unsaturated humid air. In addition, a shield plate having an elastic function that induces compression and liquefaction by causing the saturated humid air to come into point contact in the rotor and cylinder is provided at a location where the air hole is blocked. At the same time as reducing the product and adiabatic compression, the shielding plate also has a function of a condensation plate made of a hydrophilic member, and a fourth function of collecting fresh water condensed on the condensation plate in a drain container; The means for obtaining the fourth function from the function is rotated in the cylinder by each of the three removable vanes according to the rotation of the rotor, and the volume change surrounded by the cylinder, the rotor, the vane and the shielding plate is sequentially repeated. The fresh water is obtained from the water-containing material sample by the vane compressor according to claim 1, wherein the unsaturated humid air is pressurized, adiabatically compressed and converted into saturated humid air. Equipment to get. Plants and plants are sealed with a bag (vinyl sheet), and a hose (vinyl pipe) is connected near the top of the bag to a dehydrator that is a piston-type reciprocating compressor whose piston reciprocates by motor drive. By reciprocating, each chamber divided into two in conjunction with the reciprocating motion of the piston within the same cylinder has the function of repeating adiabatic expansion and adiabatic compression independently and alternately. Unsaturated humid air flows in by the opening / closing operation of the air inlet valve by the stroke, adiabatically expands, and saturated humid air from the adiabatic compression zone fits into the top dead center and bottom dead center in the cylinder during the compression stroke. Claims 1 and 5 are characterized in that fresh water is collected from a relief valve (condensation valve) into a drain container with condensed water condensed on a dew condensation plate made of a hydrophilic member on a pressure-sensitive surface of saturated humid air. Dehydrating apparatus and apparatus for recovering fresh water from plants such claim 9 and claim 10, wherein.