JP2009056453A - Sea water desalting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive sea water desalting apparatus which efficiently removes salts from sea water, keeps the charging amount of energy reduced for evaporating sea water to condense the same, and has a simple structure. <P>SOLUTION: A fresh water tank is connected to the lower part of a double pipe installed in a vertical direction in a vacuum atmosphere reduced in pressure to form a base stand, sea water is ejected in an oblique upward direction from the cylindrical jet header provided to the lower part of an evaporation chamber to produce revolving rising ultrafine mist, sea water is evaporated while separating salts by the centrifugal force of the produced revolving flow, steam is sucked in a condensing chamber by the suction force produced by scattering water from the water scattering nozzle of the water scattering vacuum pump connected to an introducing pipe of which the suction port is curved in an oblique downward direction, the remaining steam is perfectly condensed in a cooling pipe as water droplets while subjected to the gas-liquid contact with fresh water to obtain fresh water, the vacuum atmosphere in the evaporation chamber is accelerated by the suction force produced by the fresh water passed by the flowing water pump provided to a fresh water discharge pipe and a revolving flow is produced by ejecting the air obtained by air-water separation into the evaporation chamber in an oblique upward direction from the inside of the condensing chamber and circulated to desalt sea water. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to seawater desalination for obtaining fresh water from seawater using a decompression method and an evaporation method, and more particularly to a seawater desalination apparatus that can efficiently desalinate using a submersible pump.

  As seawater desalination methods for obtaining fresh water from seawater, there are various methods such as an evaporation method, a reverse osmosis membrane method, a freezing method, a pervaporation method, and an electrodialysis method. Conventionally, seawater desalination apparatuses that heat seawater and evaporate it in a reduced-pressure atmosphere to form water vapor, cool and condense, and produce fresh water have been widely used.

  As one of the processing methods, there is known a seawater desalination apparatus that sprays and evaporates seawater in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, cools and condenses to produce fresh water (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, since this seawater desalination system connects the evaporator and condenser provided individually with a drain separator etc. through complicated piping, there is a lot of heat loss and the cost of manufacturing the equipment is high. Significant improvements and technical improvements for desalination at cost were required.

  As a proposal to improve this, the seawater taken on one side is supplied to the heat dissipating means, the seawater taken on the other side is supplied to the cooling means for cooling, and the cooled seawater and the seawater discharged from the heat dissipating means are supplied. Is known to supply fresh water to the condensing means (see, for example, Patent Document 2). However, this seawater desalination method has a complicated apparatus structure, poor energy efficiency, and it is difficult to desalinate a large amount of seawater.

  Also, there is known a seawater desalination apparatus in which a regulation chamber filled with salt water in a hollow cylinder and sealed at the bottom is provided and the pressure is reduced and the seawater is sprayed and flashed to evaporate and condense. 3). However, this seawater desalination apparatus has poor decompression efficiency, the apparatus is complicated and heat loss is large, and it is difficult to desalinate seawater at low cost.

  Furthermore, an apparatus for desalinating seawater in a reduced-pressure atmosphere using an ejector without using a vacuum pump is known (for example, see Patent Document 4). However, since this seawater desalination apparatus connects the respective evaporators, agglomerators, and extraction tanks with a pipe using a pump, the apparatus becomes large and the energy cost is low, and it is difficult to desalinate a large amount of seawater. It was.

  A plurality of evaporation chambers are arranged one above the other in a stacked state, the seawater is discharged from the top while heating the seawater from below, the seawater is evaporated while flowing down from above in a reduced pressure atmosphere, and condensed by heat exchange. A vertical apparatus for desalinating seawater is known (see, for example, Patent Document 5). However, this apparatus has a complicated structure and poor desalination performance, and its drastic improvement has been demanded.

  In addition, there is known one in which mist is generated from seawater by an ultrasonic element and liquefied in a coagulation chamber having a cyclone function (for example, see Patent Document 6). However, in this distillation apparatus, the heat exchange efficiency is poor, the apparatus is complicated, the production cost is high, and the improvement has been demanded.

Japanese Patent No. 2718972 Japanese Patent No. 2878296 JP 2005-349369 A Republished patent WO2004 / 069370 JP 2002-254066 A JP 2001-129534 A JP 2005-131543 A

  As described above, in the known seawater desalination apparatus using the decompression method, only seawater is supplied into the decompressed evaporation chamber to perform the evaporation action, so the seawater in the decompression vessel is gradually cooled by the latent heat of evaporation. Since the saturated water vapor pressure gradually decreased and the load on the vacuum pump increased, and the desalination capacity decreased at the same time, the water production efficiency was poor, and its improvement was required.

  Also, the conventional desalination method using spray flash is a method of desalination using exhaust heat from a turbine installed on a ship or the like, and a vacuum evaporation unit that requires a large amount of energy for evaporation. Since there are many separate structures for the condenser and the connection pipes, the energy loss is also large, and there are various problems such as drastic increase in the manufacturing cost and fresh water generation cost of the desalination equipment. It was difficult to install a desalinator alone.

  The water production method using the reverse osmosis membrane method is also expensive in itself, and is a method of collecting fresh water from the opposite side of the reverse osmosis membrane by pressurizing seawater using a reverse osmosis membrane that selectively passes water. Power costs for pressurizing the osmotic pressure above the osmotic pressure, replacement costs for the reverse osmosis membrane to be replaced due to clogging are high, and the disposal cost of the contaminated and blocked reverse osmosis membrane as industrial waste is also necessary In addition, the desalination cost is significantly increased unless it is a desalination apparatus with a daily production of 1000 tons or more, so it cannot be used as a desalination apparatus with a daily production of about 20 tons.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. The fuel pressure and the power consumption are greatly reduced by using the decompression method and the spray flash method, and the energy saving and the water production efficiency are greatly improved. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an unprecedented seawater desalination apparatus with a low water production cost at a low price, taking into consideration the preservation of the global environment and the reduction of carbon dioxide by low operating energy.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fresh water storage tank for storing fresh water produced by connecting a cylindrical pipe in a vertical direction on a bottom plate and partitioning the upper part with a horizontal partition wall, and an inner cylinder pipe on the upper part. And the outer cylinder tube are connected, the upper end is closed and sealed with an upper cover plate, and the inner cylinder tube is used as a vacuum atmosphere to form an evaporation chamber for spraying seawater, and a pressurized atmosphere is provided between the outer tube and the inner tube A cylindrical seawater desalination apparatus partitioned into three chambers as a condensing chamber for liquefying the water vapor of seawater is installed in the vertical direction.

  The second problem-solving means is that a spray nozzle is attached to the tip of a rectifying heat dissipating plate installed obliquely upward on the outer periphery of a cylindrical injection header installed in the lower center of the evaporation chamber, and heated seawater is injected cylindrically It is supplied to the header to heat the inside of the evaporation chamber, the heated seawater is injected from the spray nozzle to generate ultrafine mist, and the seawater is generated by the centrifugal force generated by turning it up in a tornado shape with a rectifying heat sink. Evaporation was promoted by separating the salts contained in the water.

  The third problem solving means is that a steam inlet pipe having a suction port bent obliquely downward is arranged radially at the top of the evaporation chamber and piped to the condensing chamber, and a water vapor vacuum is provided at the tip of each steam inlet pipe. The pump is connected in the vertical direction, and the suction force generated by irrigating fresh water from the irrigation nozzle built in the irrigation vacuum pump sucks the water vapor in the evaporation chamber and accelerates the swirl flow to create a vacuum atmosphere. Evaporation was promoted by separating the contained salts.

  The fourth problem-solving means is that a reduced pressure exhaust pipe having an ejection hole curved obliquely upward is arranged in an inverted L shape at the lower part of the condensation chamber and is piped to the evaporation chamber, and is connected to the suction port of each reduced pressure exhaust pipe. A steam / water separation device is built in, and the air dehydrated from the condensing chamber is exhausted from the diagonally upward ejection holes in the evaporation chamber to generate a swirling rise and promote the separation of the salts contained in the injected seawater. is there.

  A fifth problem-solving means is that a heat exchange coil for cooling fresh water is set inside a fresh water storage tank, and a submersible vacuum at the top is passed through a cooling pipe of a condensing chamber using a submersible pump with cooled fresh water. Water is submerged from a submerged nozzle provided in the pump to suck the air in the evaporation chamber to promote vacuum, and the inside of the condensing chamber is made a pressurized atmosphere to promote evaporation and condensation of the sprayed ultra fine mist.

  The sixth problem-solving means is to install a falling water vacuum pump in the middle of the falling water pipe that passes through the lower horizontal partition wall from the condensing chamber and is piped to the fresh water storage tank, and uses the suction force generated by the passing of falling fresh water. The air inside the evaporation chamber is sucked to promote the evaporation of seawater.

  The seventh problem-solving means is that, in a fresh water storage tank, an ultraviolet lamp having an ultraviolet wavelength of 185 nm or 254 nm is embedded in a quartz glass protective tube having a waterproof structure, immersed in fresh water, various germs mixed in seawater, Odors such as algae and mold odor contained in seawater are treated with ultraviolet rays.

  The operation of the first solving means is as follows. That is, a cylindrical water pipe 3 is vertically connected to a bottom plate 67 fastened with an anchor bolt on a concrete foundation, and a fresh water storage tank 48 for storing fresh water cooled by separating the upper portion by a horizontal partition wall 65, The inner cylinder pipe 6 and the outer cylinder pipe 5 are connected to each other, and the upper end portion is closed and sealed with an upper cover plate 68 to form an evaporation chamber 9 that sprays seawater 41 in a vacuum atmosphere in the inner cylinder pipe 6. The space between the pipe 5 and the inner cylinder pipe 6 is divided into three chambers, a condensing chamber 8 for liquefying the evaporated seawater as a pressurized atmosphere. Therefore, seawater can be desalinated at low cost.

  The action of the second solution means that the spray nozzle 20 is provided at the tip of the rectifying heat sink 16 mounted obliquely upward on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical jet header 14 installed at the lowermost part of the evaporation chamber 9, and heated seawater 41 was generated by spraying ultrafine mist 44 from the spray nozzle 20 while heating the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 with the release heat supplied to the cylindrical spray header -14, and swirling in a tornado shape with the rectifying heat sink 16 The salt contained in the seawater 41 is pressed against the wall surface of the heat insulating material 11 by the centrifugal force and is lifted while being separated, and the evaporation of the injected seawater 41 can be promoted.

  The action of the third solution means that the water vapor introducing pipe 36 having the suction port 30 curved obliquely downward passes through the inner cylindrical pipe 6 radially from the evaporating chamber 9 and is piped to the condensing chamber 8 so that the water is vacuumed vertically. When the pump 13 is connected and fresh water is poured from the brine nozzle 21 built in the brine vacuum pump 13, the suction force generated due to a large difference in the speed of the fresh water 43 to be discharged and the water vapor to be sucked in the evaporation chamber 9. The inside of the evaporation chamber 9 can be made into a vacuum atmosphere while accelerating the swirling upward flow by sucking the water vapor, and the vaporization of the seawater 41 and condensation of the water vapor due to gas-liquid contact can be promoted.

  The action of the fourth solution means that the decompression exhaust pipe 37 having the ejection hole 31 curved obliquely upward is radially pierced from the evaporation chamber 9 through the inner tube 6 and piped to the condensation chamber 8 to vertically The separator 17 is connected, and the pressurized air in the condensing chamber 8 is dehydrated under reduced pressure by the steam / water separator 17 of the decompression exhaust pipe 37 and ejected obliquely upward from the ejection hole 31 in the evaporation chamber 9. By generating the swirl upward flow, it is possible to promote the separation of the salts contained in the injected seawater 41 by the generated centrifugal force and the evaporation of water vapor.

  The action of the fifth solution means that the heat exchange coil 28 for circulating the cooling seawater 41 is laid in the freshwater storage tank 48 to cool the freshwater 43, and the freshwater 43 cooled by the built-in submersible pump 63 is condensed. The water vapor is supplied to the irrigation nozzle 21 of the irrigation vacuum pump 13 at the top through the cooling pipe 25 of the chamber 8 and is in contact with water vapor that is sucked while making the inside of the condensation chamber 8 into a pressurized atmosphere by irrigating 54 from the irrigation nozzle 21. Thus, the water vapor is converted into fresh water, and the remaining water vapor is completely condensed in the lower cooling pipe 25 to become fresh water, whereby the condensation of water vapor can be promoted.

  The action of the sixth solving means is that the falling water vacuum pump 22 is installed in the middle of the falling water pipe 45 that passes through the lower horizontal partition wall 65 from the condensing chamber 8 and is piped to the fresh water storage tank 48, so The air in the evaporation chamber 9 is sucked through the suction pipe 39 by the suction force generated due to the large difference in the speed of the air in the evaporation chamber 9 to be a vacuum atmosphere, and sprayed from the spray nozzle 20 The evaporation of the water vapor (super fine mist) of the seawater 41 can be promoted.

  The action of the seventh solving means is that a waterproof structure quartz having a good ultraviolet light transmission is applied to a mounting flange 72 penetrating the side surface of the cylindrical tube 3 at the lower surface of the fresh water storage tank 48 with an ultraviolet wavelength of 185 nm or 254 nm. It is installed in a glass protective tube 73 and immersed in fresh water. In addition to various germs such as pathogenic Escherichia coli O-157 and Legionella mixed in seawater 41, odors such as algae and mold odor contained in seawater are removed. It can be sterilized and deodorized by ultraviolet irradiation.

  As described above, the seawater desalination apparatus according to the present invention uses a double pipe installed in the vertical direction as an evaporation chamber in a vacuum atmosphere on the inside and a condensation chamber in a pressurized atmosphere on the outside, Since the water vapor in the evaporation chamber is sucked into the vacuum atmosphere with the suction force generated by the above, the water vapor flowing into the condensing chamber is liquefied by gas-liquid contact, and the remaining water vapor is cooled by a cooling pipe to be completely fresh water. An expensive vacuum pump is not required, and the price can be reduced and the structure of the desalination apparatus can be simplified.

  From the lower part of the evaporation chamber in a vacuum atmosphere, salt is generated by the centrifugal force generated in the process of ascending and swirling by spraying while turning seawater into a super fine mist of around 50 μm obliquely upward using a number of spray nozzles. The seawater is evaporated while being separated and sucked into a condensing chamber in a pressurized atmosphere, and the water is completely desalinated by condensing by gas-liquid contact with brine and contact with the cooling pipe, minimizing energy consumption related to evaporation and condensation. By suppressing to a large amount, a large amount of seawater can be desalinated at low cost.

  As a power source for desalination, it is a desalination device that can be desalinated with only a household 100V power supply, and the movable items as mechanical devices are only general-purpose submersible pumps and pressure pumps, so mechanical reliability is also high, Automatic fresh water that can be dealt with by replacing the pump alone even if it is damaged, and that there are no consumables such as filtration membranes and filters, and no waste, so maintenance costs are low and no special technician is required for desalination work. The maintenance cost can be greatly reduced due to the conversion device.

  In order to install a seawater desalination device on a remote island or remote area where there is no 100V power supply facility, the power generated by the solar cell can be stored in a storage battery and converted to AC, and a small engine generator can be installed. In addition, the inside of the double pipe installed in the vertical direction in a decompressed vacuum atmosphere is an evaporation chamber and the outside is a condensing chamber. Desalinated equipment can be installed anywhere, regardless of location.

  By immersing an ultraviolet sterilization lamp having an ultraviolet wavelength of 254 nm in a fresh water storage tank, it is possible to prevent the propagation of various germs and bacteria that have flowed in from seawater and to sterilize pathogenic Escherichia coli O-157 and Legionella. In addition, by selecting and immersing an ultraviolet lamp that generates ozone with an ultraviolet wavelength of 185 nm depending on the pollution of seawater, sanitary and safe drinking water that meets the standards for tap water quality can be obtained by sterilizing and deodorizing. Large quantities can be supplied.

  Various pipes have been simplified by joining a fresh water storage tank with the same diameter as the outer diameter of the double pipe to the lower side of the evaporation chamber and condensing chamber composed of double pipes. Since the desalination unit can be made independent by fastening the anchor plate to the concrete foundation with the bottom plate of the tank as the base, the desalination unit can be operated immediately just by transporting it to the installation site and standing up. By drastically reducing construction costs and various expenses, a desalination device can be provided at a low price.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

  Embodiments of the seawater desalination method of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. This invention is not limited to this, It can change suitably freely according to the condition of the quality of the water desalinated, and the condition of the place to install.

Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the structure serving as the skeleton of the seawater desalination apparatus 1 is a freshwater storage tank 48 on a bottom plate 67 that fastens a periphery of a steel plate having a thickness of 25 mm on a concrete foundation using anchor bolts 71. (For example, a steel plate having a thickness of 22 mm and a diameter of 120 cm, a height of 240 cm, etc.) The cylindrical tube 3 is welded in the vertical direction to form an outer shell of the fresh water storage tank 48, and the upper portion is partitioned by a horizontal partition wall 65. The fresh water storage tank 48 has an internal volume of about 2 m ³ and can store about half of 1 m ³ of fresh water. The fresh water storage tank 48 serves as a base for the evaporation chamber 9 and the condensation chamber 8 connected to the upper part.

  The inner tube 6 (for example, a steel plate having a thickness of 19 mm and a diameter of 70 cm and a height of 1000 cm) is welded in the vertical direction on the horizontal partition to form the evaporation chamber 9, and the horizontal partition 66 is disposed outside the inner tube 6. Is covered with an outer tube 5 (for example, a SUS steel plate having a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 120 cm and a height of 1000 cm). A donut-shaped cylinder having an inner diameter of 70 cm and an outer diameter of 120 cm and a height of 1000 cm And the upper ends of the inner tube 6 and the outer tube 5 are closed and sealed with an upper cover plate 68.

  By heat-insulating the bottom plate 67 of the lower fresh water storage tank 48 and the inside of the cylindrical tube 3 with the heat insulating material 11 (for example, polyethylene foam), it is possible to prevent the release of cooling heat due to the outside air. By heat-insulating the inner side of the inner tube 6 with the heat insulating material 11, it is possible to prevent the heat of the heated evaporation chamber 9 from being absorbed by heat conduction from the outer cooled condensation chamber 8. By heat-insulating the inner side of the outer tube 5 with the heat insulating material 11, the inside of the cooled condensation chamber 8 can be prevented from being heated by sunlight, so that significant energy loss can be prevented.

  The inside of the fresh water storage tank 48 has a structure opened to the atmosphere by the vent pipe 40, and the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 is maintained in a vacuum atmosphere reduced in pressure to promote evaporation of the injected ultrafine mist 44. . On the other hand, the condensing chamber 8 outside the evaporating chamber 9 is maintained in a pressurized atmosphere in order to promote the condensation of water vapor of the evaporated seawater, and is a steel cylindrical structure that is partitioned into three chambers and sealed and self-supported. As for the method of rust prevention treatment, in zinc and iron, since zinc has an anodic behavior and is durable, the corrosion resistance is further increased by chromate treatment after electrogalvanizing.

  A spray nozzle 20 is provided at the tip of the rectifying heat sink 16 mounted obliquely upward on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical jet header 14 installed at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 9, and heated seawater 41 is supplied to the cylindrical jet header 14. While the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 is heated with the emitted heat, the super fine mist 44 is ejected from the spray nozzle 20 at the tip of the rectifying heat radiating plate 16, and the pressurized air in the condensing chamber 8 is separated into the steam and water in the decompression exhaust pipe 37 Ultra-fine water jetted from the spray nozzle 20 of the cylindrical jet header 14 by dehydrating under reduced pressure in the device 17 and jetting obliquely upward from the jet hole 31 in the evaporation chamber 9 to generate a swirling upward flow. The water vapor of the injected seawater rises to the top of the evaporation chamber 9 while the salt is pressed against the wall surface of the heat insulating material 11 and separated by the centrifugal force generated by promoting the evaporation of the mist 44.

  At the top of the evaporation chamber 9, a water vapor introduction pipe 36 with a suction port 30 curved obliquely downward is piped radially from the evaporation chamber 9 through the inner tube 6 to the condensation chamber 8, and the end of the water vapor introduction pipe 36. When fresh water is sprayed from the self-filled nozzle 21 connected to the vertical vacuum pump 13 in the vertical direction, there is a large difference between the speed of the fresh water 43 to be discharged and the speed of the water vapor to be sucked. The inside of the evaporation chamber 9 is made into a vacuum atmosphere while accelerating the swirling upward flow by sucking the water vapor in the inside, and flows down inside the condensation chamber 8 while promoting evaporation of the ultrafine mist 44 and condensation of water vapor by gas-liquid contact. While being desalinated.

Two submersible pumps 63 that operate alternately with a cooling heat exchange coil 28 and ultraviolet light for sterilization and disinfection in fresh water 43 stored below the stored water surface 18 in a fresh water storage tank 48 having a water storage amount of about 1 m ^3. The lamp 75 is set, and the cooling water 53 of about 15 ° C. is circulated through the heat exchange coil 28 to cool and store the fresh water 43. The cooled fresh water 43 is once lifted by the submersible pump 63 through the pumping pipe 24 to the diversion ring header-77, and a plurality of cooling pipes 25 arranged in a U-shape with a pipe length of about 15 m in the condensing chamber 8. The water vapor that has been separated and then lowered and cooled is evaporated while cooling to fresh water 43 and then collected and collected by the water collection ring header 78, and is installed in the water irrigation vacuum pump 13 through the connection pipe 26. 21.

  When the fresh water 43 is made into water droplets of about 0.3 mm from the water nozzle 21, the water droplets of about 1 mm are formed by attaching water vapor (gas-liquid contact) with water droplets of about 0.3 mm as the core. The condensing capacity inside the condensing chamber 8 is promoted by the compression action caused by the submerged water 54, and the remaining water vapor that has not become water droplets comes into contact with the surface of the cooling pipe 25 arranged in a U-shape of about 15 m. The water is completely condensed to become fresh water. The water falls into the fresh water storage tank 48 through the falling water vacuum pump 22 connected to the falling water pipe 45 connected to the horizontal partition wall 65 through the inside of the condensing chamber 8, and overflows the stored water surface 18. The fresh water 43 is discharged from the fresh water discharge pipe 38.

Example 2
The detailed structure of the cylindrical injection header 14 for injecting seawater heated from the lower part of the evaporation chamber of the seawater desalination apparatus as an ultrafine mist is shown in the center of the evaporation chamber 9 as shown in the side view of FIG. 2 and the plan view of FIG. A steel pipe of 100A (for example, 2 mm in thickness and a diameter of 2 mm) is connected to a connecting flange 33 (for example, 100 A, a plate thickness of 16 mm and an outer diameter of 20 cm, an inner diameter of 10 cm, etc.) fastened with a bolt 71 via a gasket 35 on the horizontal partition wall 65 at the position. 10 cm, height 150 cm, etc.) is welded, and the main body 15 of the cylindrical injection header 14 for injecting the ultrafine mist 44 that injects the pressurized seawater 41 at an angle of 60 ° obliquely upward and turns up is formed. Is.

  On the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical injection header-14, the center line of the elbow 74 adjacent to each other at the horizontal position obtained by dividing the center line 62 of the elbow 74 (for example, 90 ° screw-in pipe joint) into six at an angle of 60 degrees. The vertical gap of 62 is opened to the right by 1 cm, the welding of the cylindrical injection header 14 to the main body 15, the bent portion of the elbow 74 and the main body 15 are connected to the rectifying heat sink 16 (for example, a plate thickness of 5 mm and an outer diameter of 140 mm). The length of 30 mm, etc.) is heated to release the heat from the seawater heated to heat the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 and is sprayed from the ceramic spray nozzle 20 inserted into the threaded pipe joint of the elbow 74. The superfine mist 44 of the seawater 41 is jetted obliquely upward 60 °, and the salt is separated by the centrifugal force generated by turning the rectifying heat sink 16 in a tornado shape, while evaporating the injected superfine mist 44. Prompt Can be advanced.

  The manufacturing method and rust prevention treatment of the cylindrical jet header -14 which is a main component of the seawater desalination apparatus are performed in order to prevent corrosion caused by chlorine or sodium contained in the seawater 41 or the separated concentrated salt water. ) Welded cast iron 90 degree threaded pipe joint, then pickled and degreased, electrogalvanized and chromated, and then screwed the screwed portion of spray nozzle 20 with a tap, A ceramic spray nozzle 20 that is resistant to rust and abrasion is screwed together with a seal tape.

  Seawater 41 with a spray nozzle 20 having a foreign substance passage diameter of 0.3 mm (for example, an alumina ceramic spray nozzle in a pond, a full cone nozzle from Spraying System Japan, a ceramic nozzle from Katori Gumi Co., Ltd.). When the temperature inside the evaporation chamber 9 is 20 ° C. and the humidity is 50%, the outer diameter of the ultrafine mist 44 of the seawater 41 injected when pressurized to 1 MPa is around 50 μm to 80 μm. Since it can be evaporated in about 3 seconds, it is completely evaporated in about 90 cm as a linear distance.

  When seawater pressurized to 1 MPa is supplied from the spray nozzle 20 having a foreign substance passage diameter of 0.3 mm, the seawater 41 of about 4 l per hour can be jetted by one spray nozzle 20. When seawater pressurized to 2 MPa is supplied, about 6 l of seawater 41 per hour can be ejected by one spray nozzle 20, so about 150 spray nozzles 20 are mounted on the outer periphery of the cylindrical spray header 14, and the supply pressure When pressurized to 1 MPa and injected, about 12 tons of seawater 41 can be injected per day. When the supply pressure is increased to 2 MPa for injection, about 20 tons of seawater 41 can be injected per day.

  The ultra fine mist 44 of the seawater 41 having an outer diameter of about 50 μm, which is injected from the spray nozzle 20, is included in the seawater by about 3% due to the centrifugal force generated by swirling in a tornado shape by the rectifying heat sink 16. Since the salt has a high specific gravity, the salt adheres to and is separated from the heat insulating material 11 of the inner tube 6 by centrifugal force, and adheres one after another before reaching the uppermost submerged vacuum pump 13 to concentrate the heat of the heat insulating material 11 while the salt is concentrated. It flows down to the outside while maintaining the vacuum of the evaporation chamber 9 by blocking the outside air by the check valve 34 of the concentrated salt water discharge pipe 27 that flows down the surface and is connected to the lower horizontal partition wall 65.

  Furthermore, in order to lower the boiling point of the seawater 41 jetted in large quantities and evaporate the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 in a high vacuum atmosphere, a vacuum pump (not shown) separately installed at the tip of the concentrated saltwater discharge pipe 27 Since the concentrated salt water in the evaporation chamber 9 is discharged and the air in the evaporation chamber 9 is sucked at the same time, the inside of the ultrafine mist 44 of the seawater 41 jetted becomes a high vacuum atmosphere, and the boiling point is further lowered. Although the evaporation of the superfine mist 44 can be promoted, an additional facility of a separate cooling device (for example, a cold water chiller, etc.) suitable for the seawater 41 that is jetted even if it is condensed is necessary, and the emergency of fresh water Except for unneeded requirements, take appropriate measures in consideration of running costs.

Example 3
The structure of the submersible vacuum pump 13 that makes the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 a vacuum atmosphere will be described in detail with reference to the sectional view of FIG. 4 and the plan view of FIG. In order to promote the swirling rise of the water vapor that rises while swirling, the water vapor introducing pipe 36 passes through the inner tube 6 from the 9 side and is radially arranged on the condensing chamber 8 side. A suction port 30 that is curved in a straight line is held. About 3% of the salt contained in the water vapor of the seawater 41 sprayed from the lower part of the evaporation chamber 9 is attached to the heat insulating material 11 by the centrifugal force generated during the swirling and rising process, and the seawater that rises while being efficiently separated. The water vapor 41 rises without interruption to the suction port 30 of the submerged vacuum pump 13 at the top of the evaporation chamber 9.

  When the brine vacuum pump 13 is connected in the vertical direction to the tip of the water vapor introduction pipe 36 on the condensing chamber 8 side and fresh water 43 is ejected from the water nozzle 21, the water vapor is sucked and discharged from the water vapor introduction pipe 36. Creating a vacuum atmosphere by sucking water vapor in the evaporation chamber 9 by the suction force (Bernoulli effect) generated by the speed difference between the water 54 sprayed from the water nozzle 21 and the water vapor sucked; Since the swirl flow is accelerated by suction and merged with the swirl flow rising from the lower side, the swirl flow rises at a high speed from the lower part to the top of the evaporation chamber 9. The salt having a high specific gravity contained in the water is pushed out to the outside by a centrifugal force and adheres to the surface of the heat insulating material 11 to efficiently separate the salts.

  The fresh water 43 is cooled via the check valve 34 and the cooling pipe 25 using the two submersible pumps 63 that are alternately operated and set in the fresh water storage tank 48 in the fresh water nozzle 21 built in the fresh water vacuum pump 13. Then, 24 drainage vacuum pumps are installed in the condensing chamber 8 and are pumped up to the uppermost submersible vacuum pump 13 by the connecting pipe 26, and submerged 54 from the submerged nozzle 21, and about one minute from one submerged nozzle 21. When 2 l is submerged and about 50 l is submerged in total, a suction force of about 150 l is generated inside the evaporation chamber 9 due to the Bernoulli effect, and the pressure is reduced and maintained in a vacuum atmosphere with a maximum vacuum degree of −93 kPa. Separation of salts can be promoted by lowering of the boiling point temperature at which the water vapor evaporates and the increased centrifugal force during swirling rise.

  The water vapor of the seawater that has risen after separating the salts in the evaporation chamber 9 is sucked into the brine vacuum pump 13 through the water vapor introduction pipe 36 (for example, 24 pieces), and is supplied from the brine nozzle 21 built in the brine vacuum pump 13 for one minute. When about 2 liters of cooled fresh water 43 is submerged into water droplets of about 0.3 mm, water vapor introduced from the evaporation chamber 9 with the submerged water droplets of about 0.3 mm adhering to the core adheres (gas-liquid contact). ) To form large water droplets of about 1 mm, and the water is drained 54 from the submerged vacuum pump 13 into a shower. The condensing capacity is promoted by the compression action generated when the cooled fresh water 43 of about 50 liters per minute is poured into the condensing chamber 8, and is introduced into the submerged vacuum pump 13 from the evaporation chamber 9 by gas-liquid contact. The remaining water vapor that has not become water droplets descends while following the brine 54 and comes into contact with the surface of the cooling pipe 25 to be completely condensed and become fresh water.

Example 4
The structure of the decompression exhaust pipe 37 for generating a swirling flow while maintaining the vacuum inside the evaporation chamber 9 will be described in detail with reference to the sectional view of FIG. 6 and the plan view of FIG. The vacuum exhaust pipe 37, which is bent at an angle of 45 degrees diagonally upward, is installed radially (12 in the figure) through the inner tube 6 and is connected to the steam separator 17 in the vertical direction on the condensing chamber 8 side. The suction port 30 is welded to the vacuum exhaust pipe 37. In order to circulate the pressurized air in the condensing chamber 8, the air sucked from the lower suction port 30 of the inverted saddle shape and decompressed by the steam / water separator 17 of the decompression exhaust pipe 37 is obliquely upward in the evaporation chamber 9. By ejecting from the installed ejection hole 31, it rises while generating a swirling flow, so that evaporation of the injected seawater 41 can be promoted.

  The speed is increased by the super fine mist 44 that is swirled and raised from the spray nozzle 20 in a tornado form and the air depressurized and dehydrated from the decompression exhaust pipe 37 joins the air ejected obliquely upward from the ejection hole 31. Due to the centrifugal force, the salt contained in about 3% of the seawater has a high specific gravity, so that it is efficiently separated by adhering to the surface of the heat insulating material 11 of the evaporation chamber 9 by the centrifugal force. Before reaching the suction port 30 of the vacuum pump 13, salt or the like adheres to the concentrated salt water one after another and flows down the surface of the heat insulating material 11 to prevent the outside air from flowing into the concentrated salt water discharge pipe 27 at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 9. It is discharged to the outside through a check valve 34 provided for the purpose.

Example 5
The structure that serves as the base of the seawater desalination apparatus in which two submersible pumps that operate alternately with the heat exchange coils for cooling in the freshwater storage tank and the ultraviolet sterilization lamps will be described in detail with reference to FIG. During storage volume which prevented the release of cooling heat generated by the outside air to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical tube 3 and the inner insulated with insulation material 11 which is not water of fresh water storage tank 48 is 1 m ³ before and after fresh water, of about 15 ℃ seawater for cooling The fresh water 43 is cooled by installing the heat exchange coil 28 that circulates 41, and the submerged water is supplied from the submerged nozzle 21 installed in the submerged vacuum pump 13 through the cooling pipe 25 of the condensing chamber 8 using the submersible pump 63. 54 and vaporized water vapor come into gas-liquid contact to form large water droplets and precipitate in a shower shape, and the remaining water vapor contacts the lower cooling pipe 25 to be completely cooled and desalinated.

  When the seawater 41 for cooling cannot be secured or when desalination is urgent due to drought, a cooling chiller (not shown) is installed outside to cool the water temperature of the cooling water to around 7 ° C. Although the fresh water is cooled by circulating through the heat exchange coil 28 with a circulation pump, the fresh water production cost is slightly increased. However, a large amount of water vapor that is evaporated by injecting a large amount of seawater 41 into the evaporation chamber 9 is condensed in the condensation chamber 8. Even if it flows into the seawater, it is possible to desalinate a large amount of seawater because the condensation capacity is greatly improved by cooling.

Example 6
The structure in which the falling water vacuum pump is installed in the fresh water discharge pipe penetrating the horizontal partition will be described in detail in the middle part of FIG. The fresh water 43 in the fresh water storage tank 48 is lifted to the top of the condensing chamber 8 using the submersible pump 63, and about 60 liters of cooled fresh water is poured from the condensing chamber 8 in one minute to condense the water vapor of the evaporated seawater. The fresh water 43, which is combined with the fresh water produced in this way and has a volume of about 70 liters, is drained to the water pipe 45 connected to the horizontal partition wall 65, and is supplied to the fresh water storage tank 48 via the water vacuum pump 22 provided in the middle. It is discharged and stored up to the stored water surface 18 and discharged.

  Using the fresh water 43 falling from the condensing chamber 8 to the fresh water storage tank 48 through the water pipe 45, the falling speed of the fresh water 43 and the evaporation sucked in the orifice part of the water vacuum pump 22 installed in the middle part of the water pipe 45. By evaporating the air in the evaporation chamber 9 through the suction pipe 39 having the check valve 34, by the suction force (Bernoulli effect) generated by the speed difference with the air in the chamber 9, the evaporation chamber 9 Since the inside is maintained in a vacuum atmosphere having a maximum degree of vacuum of about −93 kPa, the evaporation temperature (boiling point) of water vapor after the salt is separated from the seawater 41 by centrifugal force is lowered, so the seawater 41 at a low temperature of about 20 ° C. Even water vapor can be efficiently evaporated and desalted.

Example 7
The structure of the sterilization method in which an ultraviolet lamp is set in the fresh water storage tank will be described in detail on the right side at the bottom of FIG. A mounting flange 72 (for example, 80A) for inserting and fixing an ultraviolet lamp 75 (for example, an immersion sterilizer of Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.) is welded to the side surface of the freshwater storage tank 48 below the stored water surface 18 to be fixed. In addition, a waterproof structure quartz with good transmission efficiency is selected by appropriately selecting an ultraviolet lamp 75 having an ultraviolet wavelength of 254 nm or 185 nm in the fresh water 43 stored from the mounting flange 72 according to the pollution status of seawater to be desalinated. The UV lamp 75 can be easily maintained and inspected and replaced by being installed and fixed at a low position because it is mounted and fixed in the glass protective tube 73 and immersed in the stored fresh water.

  Since the fresh water 43 stored in the fresh water storage tank 48 is immersed in the ultraviolet lamp 75 having an ultraviolet wavelength of 254 nm, the sterilized fresh water 43 is lifted and circulated by the submersible pump 63 to the top of the condensing chamber 8. Bacteria such as pathogenic E. coli O-157 and Legionella mixed in the seawater 41 are prevented from breeding inside the desalination apparatus 1 and are completely sterilized. In addition, deodorization treatment of algae and mold odor mixed in sea water can be easily performed by sterilization treatment and deodorization treatment by irradiating an ultraviolet lamp that generates ozone with an ultraviolet wavelength of 185 nm. The drained fresh water 43 can be supplied as drinking water corresponding to health-related items of the tap water quality standard. In addition, a large amount of low-cost fresh water can be used for washing water and raw material water in food factories that introduce HACCP (hazard analysis important control system) in food preparation and processing.

  It is a longitudinal cross-sectional detail figure which shows the Example of the desalination apparatus of this invention.   It is sectional drawing of the cylindrical injection header of this invention.   It is a plane detailed drawing of the same cylindrical injection header.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional detail drawing of the brine vacuum pump of this invention.   It is a plane detailed drawing of the same water vacuum pump.   It is sectional drawing of the pressure reduction exhaust pipe of this invention.   FIG. 3 is a detailed plan view of the vacuum exhaust pipe.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional detailed view of the lower part of the desalination apparatus of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

9 Evaporating chamber 13 Flooded vacuum pump 14 Cylindrical jet header
17 Gas / Water Separator 21 Flooding Nozzle 22 Falling Water Vacuum Pump 28 Heat Exchange Coil 37 Depressurized Exhaust Pipe 75 Ultraviolet Lamp

Claims (7)

Partition of three chambers A cylindrical pipe 3 is connected to the bottom plate 67 in the vertical direction, and a fresh water storage tank 48 for storing fresh water cooled by separating the upper part by a horizontal partition wall 65 is provided, and an inner cylinder pipe 6 and an outer cylinder pipe 5 are provided thereon. And the upper end is closed and sealed with an upper cover plate 68 to form an evaporation chamber 9 in which seawater 41 is sprayed in a vacuum atmosphere in the inner tube 6, and the space between the outer tube 5 and the inner tube 6 is added. A seawater desalination apparatus, which is partitioned into three chambers, a condensing chamber 8 for liquefying seawater evaporated as a pressure atmosphere. Spray heating spray The spray nozzle 20 is provided at the tip of the rectifying heat sink 16 mounted obliquely upward on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical spray header 14 installed at the bottom of the evaporation chamber 9, and the heated seawater 41 is supplied to the cylindrical spray header − 14, while the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 is heated by the discharge heat supplied to 14, the superfine mist 44 is jetted from the spray nozzle 20, and is swirled in a tornado shape by the rectifying and radiating plate 16. A seawater desalination apparatus, characterized in that the contained salts are separated by pressure bonding to the wall surface of the heat insulating material 11. Submerged vacuum pump A water vapor introducing pipe 36 whose suction port 30 is bent obliquely downward passes through the inner tube 6 radially from the evaporation chamber 9 and is connected to the condensing chamber 8 to connect the submerged vacuum pump 13 in the vertical direction. When fresh water is flooded from the flood nozzle 21 built in the flood vacuum pump 13, the steam in the evaporation chamber 9 is sucked by the suction force generated because there is a large difference between the speed of the fresh water 43 to be discharged and the speed of the sucked steam. A seawater desalination apparatus characterized in that the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 is made a vacuum atmosphere while accelerating the swirling upward flow, and the evaporation of the seawater 41 and the condensation of water vapor by gas-liquid contact are promoted. Depressurized exhaust pipe Depressurized exhaust pipe 37 having an ejection hole 31 curved obliquely upward is radially penetrated from the evaporation chamber 9 through the inner tube 6 and connected to the condensing chamber 8 to connect the steam-water separator 17 in the vertical direction. The pressurized air in the condensing chamber 8 is dehydrated under reduced pressure by the steam / water separator 17 of the decompression exhaust pipe 37, and is ejected obliquely upward from the ejection hole 31 in the evaporation chamber 9 to be raised while turning, A seawater desalination apparatus, wherein the salt contained in the seawater 41 is pressed against the wall surface of the heat insulating material 11 and separated by the generated centrifugal force. Cooling and lifting height of fresh water The heat exchange coil 28 for circulating the cooling seawater 41 is laid in the fresh water storage tank 48 to cool the fresh water 43, and the fresh water 43 cooled by the built-in submersible pump 63 is cooled in the condensation chamber 8. The water is supplied to the irrigation nozzle 21 of the irrigation vacuum pump 13 through the pipe 25 and is irrigated 54 from the irrigation nozzle 21 to bring the condensed chamber 8 into gas-liquid contact with the sucked water vapor in a pressurized atmosphere to obtain fresh water. The seawater desalination apparatus is characterized in that the remaining water vapor is completely condensed and desalinated in the lower cooling pipe 25 to promote condensation of water vapor. Falling water vacuum pump A falling water vacuum pump 22 is installed in the middle part of the falling water pipe 45 that passes through the lower horizontal partition wall 65 from the condensing chamber 8 and is piped to the fresh water storage tank 48, and the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 that is sucked into the falling fresh water. The suction force generated because there is a large difference in the speed of the air in the vacuum chamber 9 by sucking the air in the evaporation chamber 9 through the suction pipe 39 and promoting the evaporation of the injected seawater 41. Features a seawater desalination system. Sterilization of a fresh water storage tank A quartz glass protective tube 73 having a waterproof structure with good UV transmission from a mounting flange 72 penetrating the side surface of the cylindrical tube 3 at the lower surface of the fresh water storage tank 48 with a UV wavelength of 185 nm or 254 nm. It is installed inside and immersed in fresh water, and in addition to germs such as pathogenic Escherichia coli O-157 and Legionella mixed in seawater 41, odors such as algae and mold odor contained in seawater are sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation. A seawater desalination apparatus characterized by deodorizing treatment.

Images