JP2008264749A - Seawater desalination device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To inexpensively provide a seawater desalination device which can efficiently remove salts from seawater, and is less in the energy input amount of evaporating and condensing seawater. <P>SOLUTION: Heated and pressurized seawater is atomized from a spray nozzle provided at the lower part of an evaporation chamber on the middle side of a duplex tube installed in the vertical direction in a decompressed vacuum atmosphere while being circulated to the upper direction, by centrifugal force, as salts are separated, it is evaporated and made to flow into a condensation chamber at the outside, fresh water is sprayed from water spray nozzles provided at the tip part and intermediate part of the condensation chamber in a multistage, and gas-liquid contact is caused, so as to be droplets. Further, while sprinkling water, it is contacted with a cooling tube, thus is perfectly condensed, so as to be fresh water. The fresh water made to overflow from the storage face is discharged to the outside from a water sealing trap tube. Cooled gas subjected to the gas-water separation is circulated to an evaporation chamber, and is heated by a heating coil tube, thus evaporation is promoted. Crystal salts stored in the lower part of the evaporation chamber are discharged simultaneously with the inside air with an ejector pump provided at the outside, so as to be a vacuum atmosphere, and the seawater is made continuously fresh. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to seawater desalination for obtaining fresh water from seawater using a decompression method and an evaporation method, and more particularly to a seawater desalination apparatus that can efficiently desalinate using a temperature difference.

  As seawater desalination methods for obtaining fresh water from seawater, there are various methods such as an evaporation method, a reverse osmosis method, a freezing method, a pervaporation method, and an electrodialysis method. Conventionally, seawater desalination apparatuses that heat seawater and evaporate it in a reduced-pressure atmosphere to form water vapor, cool and condense, and produce fresh water have been widely used.

  As one of the processing methods, there is known a seawater desalination apparatus that sprays and evaporates seawater in a reduced-pressure atmosphere, cools and condenses to produce fresh water (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, this seawater desalination system is connected to the evaporators and condensers and drain separators provided individually by complicated piping, so there is a lot of heat loss and the equipment production cost is high. Significant improvements and technical improvements for desalination at cost were required.

  Also known is a seawater desalination device that heats seawater in a tank with an electric heater and a thermoelectric element, evaporates it in a reduced pressure atmosphere, circulates a cooling liquid cooled by the thermoelectric element, and condenses water vapor. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2). However, this seawater desalination method is an experimental device, and the lower part of the seawater tank is horizontally partitioned by thermoelectric elements, the seawater is heated on the upper side, and the cooling liquid is produced at the lower endothermic part, so that the energy efficiency is also poor, It was difficult to desalinate seawater in large quantities.

  Also, there is known a seawater desalination apparatus in which a regulation chamber filled with salt water in a hollow cylinder and sealed at the bottom is provided and the pressure is reduced and the seawater is sprayed and flashed to evaporate and condense. 3). However, this seawater desalination apparatus has poor decompression efficiency, the apparatus is complicated and heat loss is large, and it is difficult to desalinate seawater at low cost.

  Furthermore, an apparatus for desalinating seawater in a reduced-pressure atmosphere using an ejector without using a vacuum pump is known (for example, see Patent Document 4). However, since this seawater desalination apparatus connects the respective evaporators, agglomerators, and extraction tanks with a pipe using a pump, the apparatus becomes large and the energy cost is low, and it is difficult to desalinate a large amount of seawater. It was.

  Furthermore, a distillation apparatus is known in which a plurality of flat heat pipe elements are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction (see, for example, Patent Document 5). However, in this method, the intermediate part of the pipe element is partitioned by a partition member, heated at the upper part and condensed at the lower part, the structure is complicated, and a large number of heat pipe elements are required. .

  In addition, there is known one in which mist is generated from seawater by an ultrasonic element and liquefied in a coagulation chamber having a cyclone function (for example, see Patent Document 6). However, in this distillation apparatus, the heat exchange efficiency is poor, the apparatus is complicated, the production cost is high, and the improvement has been demanded.

Japanese Patent No. 2878296 JP-A-10-230246 Republished patent WO2004 / 069370 JP 2002-254066 A JP 11-316094 A JP 2005-131543 A

  As described above, in the known seawater desalination apparatus using the decompression method, only seawater is supplied into the decompressed evaporation chamber to perform the evaporation action, so the seawater in the decompression vessel is gradually cooled by the latent heat of evaporation. Since the saturated water vapor pressure gradually decreased and the load on the vacuum pump increased, and the desalination capacity decreased at the same time, the water production efficiency was poor, and its improvement was required.

  Further, in the desalination method using spray flash, the vacuum evaporation section and the condenser that require a large amount of energy for evaporation have many separate structures, and the connecting pipe is complicated, so that there is also a lot of energy loss. There were various problems such as a significant increase in production price and water production cost.

  Water production by the reverse osmosis membrane method is expensive in itself, and is a method of collecting fresh water from the opposite side of the reverse osmosis membrane by pressurizing seawater using a reverse osmosis membrane that selectively passes water. The power cost for pressurizing to a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure and the replacement cost for the reverse osmosis membrane to be replaced due to clogging are high, and the disposal cost is also required, which causes a problem of drastic increase in water production cost.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. The fuel pressure and the power consumption are reduced by using the decompression method so as to save energy and improve the water production efficiency. An object of the present invention is to provide a seawater desalination apparatus with a low water production cost that has not been achieved in the past.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is configured to raise heated and pressurized seawater from an injection nozzle provided at the center of the lower side of the evaporation chamber on the middle side of the double pipe installed in the vertical direction in a reduced-pressure vacuum atmosphere. The water is sprayed in the direction of the water and evaporated to flow into the condensation chamber outside the upper mesh hole of the inner pipe. Further, the remaining water vapor is completely condensed in the cooling pipe to produce fresh water, and the gas is circulated into the evaporation chamber from the armor hole in the lower part of the inner pipe through the air / water separation network.

  A second problem solving means is an induction diffuser in which a heating coil tube is arranged in the lower part of the evaporation chamber in a reduced vacuum atmosphere to heat the inside of the evaporation chamber, and an insulating coil is wound around the outer periphery from the spray nozzle in the center. -Injecting pressurized seawater 41 into the inside, sucking heated air of 3 to 4 times the injection amount from the surroundings, atomizing while treating with electric field, spraying while turning upward, and spraying from the seawater mist It promotes salt separation and evaporation.

  The third problem solving means is that water collecting rings are installed in multiple stages inside the evaporation chamber, and the seawater sprayed upward from the spray nozzle evaporates in a reduced pressure humidified atmosphere, adheres to the inner pipe wall surface, condenses, and drops of water. The fresh water that flows down is received and stored by the water collecting ring, and fresh water overflowing from the stored water surface is supplied to the condensing chamber through a P trap pipe connected through the inner pipe wall surface to promote desalination. It has been made.

  The fourth problem-solving means is to cool fresh water by pouring fresh water into a diffuser that is installed in multiple stages at the top and middle of the condensing chamber and facing downward from the water-spraying nozzle. Then, a downdraft of 3 to 4 times the amount of drowning is generated by the diffuser, and fresh water is drowned into the cooling pipe from the dripping nozzle, and the remaining water vapor is completely cooled and condensed by the cooling pipe. It is.

  The fifth problem solving means is that a ring header is installed immediately below the lowermost water collecting ring installed in the evaporation chamber, and crystal salts adhering to the inner pipe wall surface are provided on the lower side of the ring header at regular intervals. The fresh water supplied from the fresh water storage tank through the fresh water pump is washed off from the fresh water nozzle and stored as separated salt water in the separated salt water storage tank below the evaporation chamber.

  A sixth problem solving means is to supply heated seawater to an atomizing cup rotated by a driving motor by a centrifugal spraying device provided at the lower part of the evaporation chamber, and suck the surrounding heated air with an impeller. It is atomized by mixing at the center of the atomizing cup and sprayed while swirling upward to promote separation and evaporation of salts from seawater mist.

  The seventh problem-solving means is that an ultraviolet germicidal lamp that emits germicidal radiation having a wavelength of UV-C253, 7 nm is installed inside a vaporizing chamber and a condensing chamber in a high-purity quartz glass protective tube that transmits ultraviolet light. In addition to Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli O-157, Legionella, and the like contained in the installed and sprayed seawater, molds are sterilized by exposure to an ultraviolet germicidal lamp.

  The eighth problem-solving means is that the surface treatment action is increased by reducing the surface tension by reducing the cluster by electromagnetic treatment by applying magnetism to the pressurized seawater from the magnetic spray nozzle provided in the lower part of the evaporation chamber. , Which promotes the separation and evaporation of salts in seawater.

  The ninth problem solving means exposes the heating part of the thermoelectric element in order to promote the evaporation of seawater sprayed in the evaporation chamber of the double pipe in a reduced vacuum atmosphere, while promoting the condensation of the evaporated water vapor in the condensation chamber. In order to achieve this, the thermoelectric element in which the cooling portion of the thermoelectric element is exposed is installed in the inner tube, and the heating and cooling are simultaneously performed by applying a direct current to promote seawater desalination.

  According to a tenth problem solving means, the crystalline salt adhering to the inner tube wall surface of the evaporation chamber is flushed with fresh water, washed off from the inner tube wall surface and stored in the separated salt water storage tank, and an ultrasonic oscillator is placed at the bottom of the separated salt water storage tank. The water separated from the seawater by the ultrasonic oscillator is sprayed into the evaporation chamber 9 and evaporated to concentrate the separated salt water, and the overflowed separated salt water is discharged from the concentrated salt water discharge pipe to desalinate the seawater. Is to promote.

  The operation of the first problem solving means is as follows. That is, the seawater 41 is jetted upward from a spray nozzle 20 provided in the lower part of the evaporation chamber 9 inside the double pipe 3 installed in the vertical direction in a reduced vacuum atmosphere to be sprayed and evaporated to form a mesh hole in the upper part of the inner pipe 7. 15 is allowed to flow into the outer condensing chamber 8, and fresh water 43 is submerged from the submerged nozzles 21 installed in multiple stages at the top and middle of the condensing chamber 8 and condensed in the cooling pipe 22 while being brought into gas-liquid contact with the fresh water 43. The water separated through the air / water separation network 17 is circulated into the evaporation chamber 9 through the armor hole 14 below the inner pipe 7 to reduce energy consumption and efficiently desalinate the seawater. The effect of doing.

  The action of the second problem solving means is that an induction diffuser in which a heating coil tube 31 is arranged at the lower part of the evaporation chamber 9 to heat the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 and an insulating coil 67 is wound around the outer periphery from the injection nozzle 20 at the center. -53 injecting pressurized seawater 41, sucking heated air that is 3 to 4 times the injection amount from the surrounding area, atomizing while treating with electric field, spraying while turning upward, It can be desalinated by promoting salt separation and evaporation from the mist.

  The action of the third problem solving means is that the water collecting ring 33 installed in multiple stages from the middle part to the top part in the evaporation chamber 9 causes the seawater to atomize and adhere to the inner pipe wall surface 12 to flow down the fresh water. The fresh water received by the water collecting ring 33 and stored in the water collecting ring 33 can be supplied as fresh water into the condensing chamber 8 through a P trap pipe 29 that is connected through the inner pipe wall surface 12. it can.

  The action of the fourth problem solving means is that fresh water 43 is submerged into the diffuser 13 downward from the submerged nozzle 21 installed in multiple stages at the top and middle in the condensing chamber 8 and the surroundings are evaporated. The seawater 41 is sucked and brought into gas-liquid contact to be cooled, and a descending air flow 3 to 4 times the amount of flooding is generated by the diffuser 13 and further cooled by the cooling pipe 22 to be completely condensed. .

  The action of the fifth problem solving means is that the ring header 10 is installed immediately below the water collecting ring 33 installed in the middle part of the evaporation chamber 9 and the crystalline salts 42 adhering to the inner pipe wall surface 12 are removed at regular intervals. -10 Fresh water 43 is submerged from the lower submerged nozzle 21, the inner pipe wall surface 12 is washed and washed off, and the separated salt water storage tank 50 below the evaporation chamber 9 is stored as separated salt water 51.

  The action of the sixth problem solving means is that the heated seawater 41 is supplied to an atomizing cup 79 rotated by a driving motor 55 by a centrifugal spraying device 77 provided at the lower part of the evaporation chamber 9, and the surroundings are heated. Air is sucked with the impeller 56 and mixed in the central portion of the atomizing cup 79 to be atomized and sprayed while swirling upward to promote separation and evaporation of the salt from the mist of the seawater 41 to desalinate. Can do.

  The action of the seventh means for solving the problem is that the ultraviolet germicidal lamp 19 that emits a germicidal line having a wavelength of UV-C253, 7 nm is protected inside the condensing chamber 8 and the evaporation chamber 9 with a high purity quartz glass that transmits ultraviolet light. In addition to pathogenic Escherichia coli O-157 and Legionella contained in the sprayed seawater 41 installed in the tube 58, molds can be completely sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation.

  The action of the eighth problem solving means is to activate the cluster of the seawater 41 by electromagnetic induction treatment by applying magnetism to the pressurized seawater 41 from the magnetic jet nozzle 36 provided at the lower part of the evaporation chamber 9 to increase the surface tension. By lowering, evaporation of the sprayed seawater 41 can be promoted.

  The action of the ninth problem solving means is that the heating part 72 of the thermoelectric element 68 that evaporates the seawater 41 sprayed in the evaporation chamber 9 is exposed, while the thermoelectric element 68 that condenses the evaporated water vapor in the condensation chamber 8 is cooled. Heat exchange can be promoted by installing the thermoelectric element 68 with the part 73 exposed in the inner pipe 7 and applying a direct current to simultaneously evaporate and condense seawater.

  The action of the tenth problem solving means is that crystal salts adhering to the inner tube wall surface of the evaporation chamber 9 are washed off with fresh water, stored in the separated salt water storage tank 50, and an ultrasonic oscillator is placed at the bottom of the separated salt water storage tank 50. 52, the water separated and separated by the ultrasonic oscillator 52 is sprayed again into the evaporation chamber 9 to evaporate it, thereby concentrating the separated salt water 51 and discharging the overflow separated salt water 51 from the concentrated salt water discharge pipe 27. Thus, desalination of seawater can be promoted.

  As described above, the seawater desalination apparatus according to the present invention has an apparatus in which the inside of the double pipe installed in the vertical direction in a decompressed vacuum atmosphere is an evaporation chamber and the outside is a condensing chamber so that confidentiality can be achieved. Since the evaporation can be facilitated by spraying upward, the amount of energy transfer is small, and a device that can desalinate a large amount of seawater at a low running cost can be provided at a low price.

  Electric field treatment in which the inside of the evaporation chamber is heated by a heating coil tube or a heat transfer element at the lower part of the evaporation chamber in a decompressed vacuum atmosphere, and seawater is injected into the induction diffuser from the injection nozzle, and the injection quantity from the surroundings is 3 to 4 times The heated air is sucked in to generate a rotating updraft to accelerate the evaporation of seawater and flow into the condensing chamber. Water is sucked into the diffuser in the downward direction from the water-spray nozzles installed in multiple stages. While condensing by gas-liquid contact, it can be completely condensed by a cooling pipe.

  The water collecting rings installed in multiple stages in the evaporation chamber receive drastic water from the atomized seawater adhering to the wall surface of the inner tube to form water droplets. Is promoted. Furthermore, crystal salt adhering to the inner pipe wall surface is washed and stored in a salt water storage tank while washing with fresh water from a ring header spray nozzle at regular intervals, and then stored in a salt water storage tank using an ultrasonic oscillator installed in the tank. Water can be sprayed into the evaporation chamber to facilitate the concentration of brine.

  The centrifugal spraying device provided at the lower part of the evaporation chamber supplies heated seawater to the rotating atomizing cup that is rotated by the drive motor, and the surrounding heated air is sucked up by the impeller and upwards from the periphery of the atomizing cup. It can be sprayed while being swirled and evaporated to be desalinated.

  An ultraviolet germicidal lamp that emits germicidal radiation with a wavelength of UV-C253, 7 nm was installed in a high-purity quartz glass protective tube with good ultraviolet transmission, irradiated with the ultraviolet germicidal lamp, and flowed from the sprayed seawater. In addition to preventing the growth of various bacteria and bacteria, sanitary fresh water corresponding to HACCP can be supplied by sterilizing pathogenic E. coli O-157 and Legionella.

  Low magnetic running nozzle promotes the separation and evaporation of salt in seawater by inducing electromagnetic induction by applying magnetism to pressurized seawater and activating seawater clusters to reduce surface tension A large amount of seawater can be desalinated.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

  Embodiments of the seawater desalination method of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. This invention is not limited to this, It can change suitably freely according to the condition of the quality of the water desalinated, and the condition of the place to install.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment of the seawater desalination apparatus is a seawater freshwater comprising a double pipe 3 that is composed of an inner pipe 7 and an outer pipe 5 that are installed vertically on a gantry (not shown) and sealed. In order to lower the boiling point of the seawater 41 jetted upward from the jet nozzle 20 provided in the lower part of the evaporation chamber 9 and quickly evaporate, the gasification apparatus 1 discharges the air inside the double pipe 3 and depressurizes it to make it vacuum. There is a need. Therefore, the tip of the concentrated salt water distribution pipe 27 that discharges the separated salt water 51 that has been crystallized, dropped and concentrated in the evaporation chamber 9 to the outside is drawn into a separately provided concentrated salt water tank (not shown). The vacuum pumping atmosphere is reduced by sucking the air inside the double pipe 3 by the suction force generated when the ejector pump (not shown) installed inside discharges this concentrated salt water at the ejector section. .

  Seawater 41 is supplied from a spray nozzle 20 provided in the lower part of the evaporation chamber 9 inside the double pipe 3 to a heated water tank (not shown) separately installed outside, and a heating device (for example, a heating burner or The temperature is heated to about 30 ° C. to 60 ° C. with an electric heater, etc.), and the injection pressure is about 0.7 MPa to about 1.4 MPa with a pressure pump (not shown) installed in the middle of the seawater supply pipe 24. , And is supplied to the injection nozzle 20 from the bottom of the evaporation chamber 9 by the heated seawater supply pipe 26 that keeps the outside warm.

  Seawater 41 sprayed in the form of a mist at a narrow angle around 8 to 9 degrees (shown by dotted lines) from a fine injection hole provided at the center of the tip of the injection nozzle 20 is an evaporation chamber. In the process of rising inside 9, the boiling point temperature is lowered due to the reduced vacuum state, so that the salt in seawater 41 adheres to the inner tube wall surface 12 of the evaporation chamber 9 and is crystallized. When it becomes heavier, it peels off from the inner tube wall surface 12 and is removed from the water vapor of the seawater, and the water vapor flows into the condensation chamber 8 from the mesh hole 15 provided at the upper end of the inner tube 7 of the evaporation chamber 9.

  Seawater 41 sprayed upward from the injection nozzle 20 in a multi-stage (shown in the figure as two stages) between the middle part and the top part of the inner pipe 7 of the evaporation chamber 9 is a decompressed humidified atmosphere. The water vapor evaporates, a part of which adheres to the inner pipe wall surface 12 and is condensed to form water droplets and flows down as fresh water and is received by the water collection ring 33. The fresh water stored in the water collection ring 33 is the inner pipe 7. The fresh water that has been temporarily stored up to the water storage surface 18 of the P trap pipe 29 connected through the water and discharged from the water storage surface 18 is discharged as fresh water into the condensation chamber 8 through the end of the P trap pipe 29. Therefore, desalination of seawater is promoted.

  The water vapor evaporated from the seawater 41 introduced into the condensing chamber 8 sucks the fresh water 43 accumulated in the fresh water storage tank 48 below the condensing chamber 8 using a submersible pump 39 installed outside, and the top of the condensing chamber 8. The water is sprayed downward from the submerged nozzle 21 provided in the water and comes into contact with the gas and liquid to form water droplets and descend the inside of the condensation chamber 8 while generating a descending airflow. The water vapor remaining without being formed into water droplets is liquefied by gas-liquid contact in the same manner at the submerged nozzles 21 installed in multiple stages. Still, the remaining water vapor is contact-cooled to the cooling pipe 22 to be completely liquefied to become fresh water, which flows down and stored in the fresh water storage tank 48.

  The water in the cooling pipe 22 is a circulation pump (not shown) as cooling water in which the water temperature is cooled to about 10 ° C. to 15 ° C. by exchanging heat with sea water in a coil pipe in a sea water tank (not shown) installed outside. In the cooling pipe 22. The cooling water warmed by the contact with the water vapor is returned to the seawater tank again, heat exchanged with the cold seawater in the coil tube, and recirculated as cooling water.

  Provided to prevent the inflow of fresh water 43 flowing down between the outer pipe 5 and the heat insulating material 11 applied to block the thermal conduction between the evaporation chamber 9 and the condensation chamber 8 into the evaporation chamber 9; The cold air separated from the fresh water by the anti-scattering filter 16 and the air / water separation network 17 flows into the evaporation chamber 9 through the armor hole 14 provided in the lower part of the inner pipe 7 and circulates, thereby allowing the inflow of external air. Desalin seawater with minimal heat efficiency.

  The fresh water 43 stored in the fresh water storage tank 48 at the lowermost part of the condensing chamber 8 is installed outside in the tubular body of the outer pipe 5 through a hole and arranged in an inverted U-shape. 48 is connected to the bottom surface of the fresh water storage tank 48 and the upper end of the inverted U-shape is connected to the water storage surface 18 of the fresh water 43 to keep the sealed water. 30 is connected to the vent pipe 78 in the upward direction and is opened to the atmosphere, thereby blocking the ingress of air into the double pipe 3 from the outside and maintaining the vacuum inside the double pipe 3 while keeping the sealed trap As a result, the water storage surface 18 is maintained at a constant water level, and only the fresh water 43 overflowing from the water storage surface 18 is automatically discharged to the outside.

  In order to increase the internal temperature of the lower portion of the evaporation chamber 9 and promote the evaporation of seawater, a heating coil tube 31 is disposed at the lower portion of the evaporation chamber 9 provided inside the double tube 3 as shown in FIG. The water temperature of the heated water is heated to about 30 ° C. to about 60 ° C. by a separately installed heated water tank (not shown) and supplied to the heating coil tube 31 for heating. At the same time, the cooling gas 22 condensed in the cooling pipe 22 in the condensing chamber 8 is completely separated and the cooled gas flowing from the armor hole 14 is heated by the heating coil pipe 31, so that the temperature inside the evaporation chamber 9 is increased. Both by raising the temperature and lowering the boiling point of the mist of the seawater 41 jetted in a mist form from the jet nozzle 20 in a reduced-pressure vacuum atmosphere, steam is generated with very little energy.

  Pressurizing the seawater injection pressure to around 0.7 MPa to 1.4 MPa with a pressurizing pump (not shown) installed in the middle of the seawater supply pipe 24 connected to the injection nozzle 20 installed in the lower central part of the evaporation chamber 9, An alternating electric field (for example, 5 kV to 20 kV, etc.) generated by applying an alternating current by winding the insulating coil 67 around the outer peripheral portion at a narrow angle of 8 ° to 10 ° (indicated by a dotted line) with a spray injection angle (displayed by a dotted line). The mist of the seawater 41 injected into the induction diffuser 53 to be applied is depressurized and the surface active action generated by the Lorentz force acting perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic force based on the electromagnetic induction of the Faraday by the electric field. Due to the synergistic effect caused by the lowering of the boiling point temperature by the vacuum atmosphere, the seawater mist rapidly abruptly centrifuges the salt substance from the seawater mist jetted in the process of swirling up inside the evaporation chamber 9 Fresh water that has evaporated and turned into water vapor and swirled up and adhered to the inner tube wall surface 12 as water droplets flows down into the water collecting ring 33 installed in multiple stages in the evaporation chamber 9 and is received and collected in the water collecting ring 33. The fresh water is supplied as fresh water to the condensing chamber 8 through a P trap pipe 29 that is connected through the inner pipe wall surface 12.

  The cold air separated from the steam and cooled by the cooling pipe 22 by the condensing operation from the armor hole 14 provided at the lower part of the condensing chamber 8 is heated by the heating coil pipe 31 provided at the lower part of the evaporating chamber 9 to be induced diffuser. The salt material having a high specific gravity is caused by the centrifugal force generated by the swirl rise while the boiling point temperature is lowered by applying an electric field by the induction diffuser 53 to promote evaporation of the sprayed seawater. The salt adhering to the inner pipe wall surface 12 is crystallized because it is dried, and the water vapor of the seawater swirled upwards from the water collection ring 33 flows into the inner pipe wall surface 12 as fresh water. Water is received by the water collection ring 33 and discharged to the condensation chamber 8. The crystalline salt is a ring header provided under the water collecting ring 33 by sucking the fresh water 43 with a submersible pump 39 installed outside and opening the electromagnetic valve 69 from the fresh water supply pipe 25 at regular intervals. Fresh water 43 is sprayed from the 10 injection nozzles 20 to wash away crystals such as salts adhering to the inner tube wall surface 12 and stored as separated salt water 51 in a separated salt water storage tank 50 below the evaporation chamber 9.

  The water vapor introduced into the condensing chamber 8 is pumped by a submersible pump 39 installed outside the fresh water 43 stored in a fresh water storage tank 48 below the condensing chamber 8, and is supplied by a submerged nozzle 21 provided at the top of the condensing chamber 8. Water is poured into the downward diffuser 13 to generate a descending air flow 3 to 4 times the amount of water dripping while sucking the surrounding water vapor, condensing it into gas droplets and condensing into water droplets. Further, fresh water 43 is submerged from the submerged nozzles 21 installed in multiple stages inside the condensing chamber 8 to the diffuser 13 and condensed while contacting with gas and liquid, and finally cooled by the cooling pipe 22 provided at the lower part to be completely condensed. To do.

  In order to discharge the air inside the double pipe 3 and reduce the pressure to a vacuum atmosphere, the tip of the pipe end of the concentrated salt water distribution pipe 27 that discharges the separated salt water 51 crystallized and concentrated in the evaporation chamber 9 to the outside. Is connected to the suction side of an ejector pump (not shown) disposed at the bottom of a concentrated salt water tank (not shown) separately installed outside, and the ejector pump sucks the concentrated salt water. Then, the air inside the double pipe 3 is evacuated by the suction force generated at the time of discharge.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the desalination apparatus in which the seawater spray by the centrifugal spraying device 77 and the ultraviolet germicidal lamp 19 are housed is the heated seawater in the centrifugal spraying device 77 provided in the lower part of the evaporation chamber 9 inside the double tube 3. 41 is supplied to an atomizing cup 79 provided at the tip through a central axis rotated by a drive motor 55, and the impeller 56 is attached to the central axis by the air heated by the surrounding heating coil tube 31. The salt material having a high specific gravity is absorbed by the centrifugal force generated by spraying upward and swirling up by spraying it upwards and spraying it while rotating from the periphery of the atomizing cup 79. Desalination of seawater can be promoted by separating from water vapor while adhering to the wall surface 12 one after another and drying and crystallizing.

  A heating coil pipe 31 is arranged in the lower part of the evaporation chamber 9 and seawater heated to about 30 ° C. to 60 ° C. by a separately installed heating water tank (not shown) is supplied to the heating coil pipe 31 and condensed at the same time. The cooled gas which is condensed in the cooling pipe 22 in the chamber 8 and completely separates the air and water and flows in from the armor hole 14 is heated by the heating coil pipe 31 and is impeller 56 from the side of the centrifugal spray device 77. An injection angle (indicated by a dotted line in the figure) is sprayed upward in the evaporation chamber 9 in a vacuum atmosphere in which the atomized cup 79 is mixed with the seawater 41 around the atomizing cup 79 that is sucked and rotated and atomized. .) It is sprayed in the form of a mist while turning at a narrow angle of around 8 ° to 10 °.

  The salt substance having a high specific gravity adheres to the inner tube wall surface 12 due to the centrifugal force caused by the rotation and is crystallized by being heated. A ring header-10 is installed below the water collection ring 33 provided on the inner pipe wall surface 12 of the evaporation chamber 9, and fresh water 43 is sucked by a fresh water pump 39 installed outside the condensing chamber 8. The electromagnetic valve 69 is opened at regular intervals, and fresh water 43 is jetted from the jet nozzle 20 below the ring header 10 to wash away the crystals of salts adhering to the inner pipe wall surface 12. Separated salt water 51 is stored in the separated salt water storage tank 50.

  As for miscellaneous fungi such as gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, pathogenic Escherichia coli and other fungi mixed in the sprayed seawater 41, fungi, fungi and microorganisms grow under conditions of high temperature and humidity inside the double tube 3 To do. In order to prevent and sterilize its growth, an ultraviolet germicidal lamp 19 (for example, Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd., low-pressure mercury lamp, etc.) that emits germicidal radiation with a wavelength of UV-C253, 7 nm is used for high-purity quartz glass with good ultraviolet transmission Installed in a protective tube 58 and sterilized with Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli O-157, Legionella, etc. by irradiating ultraviolet rays with an ultraviolet germicidal lamp 19 installed vertically from the top of the evaporation chamber 9 and the condensation chamber 8 It is.

  The wavelength of the ultraviolet germicidal lamp 19 is not limited. For example, ozone is generated when an ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of UV-C 185 nm is irradiated. Therefore, algae odor, mold odor, sulfurization contained in the seawater 41 sprayed in the evaporation chamber 9. Odors such as hydrogen odor and phenol can be deodorized by the decomposing power of ozone, and various bacteria can be sterilized.

  The cooled fresh water 43 collected in the fresh water storage tank 48 below the condensing chamber 8 is lifted to the top of the condensing chamber 8 by using a submersible pump 39 installed outside, and downward from the submerged nozzle 21 provided on the top. Water vapor vaporized inside the evaporation chamber 9 by spraying water makes gas-liquid contact to form water droplets and flow down while generating a downdraft. Furthermore, the amount of water droplets is accelerated by fresh water 43 being again submerged and brought into gas-liquid contact from the submerged nozzle 21 provided in multiple stages (shown as one stage in the figure) in the middle stage.

  Further, in the drawing, the cooling pipe 22 provided below the middle stage (the length is not specified and can be appropriately changed according to the condition of the water quality to be desalinated and the installation location) is a cooling installed outside. The cooling water 49 cooled by the heat exchange of the cooling water 49 with the seawater 41 at a temperature around 10 ° C. to 15 ° C. is cooled by a cooling coil pipe installed in a water tank (not shown). By circulating the water from the seawater tank to the cooling pipe 22, the water vapor remaining without becoming water droplets due to flooding in the upper part and middle part of the condensing chamber 8 is further completely condensed by flowing into the cooling pipe 22 and flows down. It is stored in a fresh water storage tank 48 at the bottom of the condensing chamber 8.

  The fresh water 43 stored in the fresh water storage tank 48 is formed by piping the tip end of the inverted U-shaped sealed trap pipe 30 installed in the outer pipe 5 to the position of the bottom surface of the fresh water storage tank 48 and the upper end of the inverted U-shaped fresh water as fresh water. 43 is connected to the water storage surface 18 to keep the sealed water, and only the fresh water 43 overflowing from the fresh water storage tank 48 is automatically discharged to the outside.

  In order to promote desalination of seawater using the magnetic injection nozzle 36, as shown in FIG. 4, the injection is made into the upper diffuser 13 from the magnetic injection nozzle 36 installed at the center of the lower part of the evaporation chamber 9. The temperature of the seawater 41 to be heated is about 30 ° C. to 60 ° C., and the injection pressure is increased to about 0.7 MPa to 1.4 MPa by a pressurizing pump (not shown) installed in the middle of the seawater supply pipe 24 to perform magnetic injection. When supplied to the nozzle 36, due to electromagnetic induction applied magnetically when passing through the magnetic jet nozzle 36, the intermolecular force and zeta potential of chloride ions in the seawater 41 change, so that free hydroxyl ions are cations. Since the surface tension of the seawater 41 is reduced by changing to an active substance, evaporation of the sprayed seawater 41 is promoted.

  In the magnetic spray nozzle 36, N poles and S poles of powerful magnets of around 10,000 Gauss (for example, samarium cobalt magnets, neodymium rare earth iron alloy magnets, etc.) are alternately arranged (in the illustrated example, five layers are laminated). However, the number of stages can be changed arbitrarily and is not specified.) Installed magnets facing each other, applying strong magnetic field lines around the seawater 41 to be sprayed, and generating in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field lines The cluster of the seawater 41 is activated by the Lorentz force.

  The spray angle from the magnetic spray nozzle 36 (indicated by a dotted line) is sprayed in the form of a mist at a narrow angle of about 8 ° to 10 °, and the boiling point temperature is lowered due to the reduced vacuum state, and the seawater 41 The salt substance is attached to and separated from the inner tube wall surface 12 while vaporizing abruptly due to the decrease in the surface tension and the increase in the surface active action, resulting in water vapor and the condensation chamber from the mesh hole 15 provided at the upper end of the evaporation chamber 9. 8 is allowed to flow into the interior.

  The water vapor swirling upward from the water collection ring 33 is attached to the inner pipe wall surface 12 and the fresh water that has become water droplets flows down, is received by the water collection ring 33, and is discharged into the condensation chamber 8. The crystalline salts 42 suck fresh water 43 by an external water pump 39 at regular intervals, and spray the fresh water 43 from the injection nozzle 20 of the ring header 10 provided below the water collection ring 33 to cause the inner pipe wall surface to The crystals of the salt adhering to 12 are washed away and stored in the separated salt water storage tank 50 below the evaporation chamber 9.

  The water vapor of the seawater 41 introduced into the condensing chamber 8 is lifted to the top of the condensing chamber 8 by a fresh water pump 39 installed outside the cooled freshwater 43 accumulated in the freshwater storage tank 48 below the condensing chamber 8. Then, the water vapor evaporated from the seawater 41 flows into the diffuser 13 in the downward direction from the submerged nozzle 21 provided at the top, and the water vapor vaporized from the seawater 41 comes into gas-liquid contact, and a part of the water droplets become water droplets to generate a downdraft. And let it flow down. Then, the water is again sprayed from the submerged nozzle 21 provided in the middle part, and the condensed water droplets are further increased by coming into gas-liquid contact.

  Further, the cooling pipe 22 provided at a position below the middle stage heat-exchanges the water temperature to about 10 ° C. to 15 ° C. by a cooling coil pipe (not shown) installed in a seawater tank (not shown) installed outside. By circulating the cooled cooling water 49 to the cooling pipe 22 with a circulation pump (not shown), the remaining water vapor does not become water droplets due to gas-liquid contact at the upper and middle stages of the condensing chamber 8 and contacts the cooling pipe 22. By doing so, it is completely condensed and flows down, and is stored in the fresh water storage tank 48 at the bottom of the condensing chamber 8.

  The cooling pipe 22 has a structure in which a plate fin for promoting cooling efficiency in two directions of the stainless steel pipe is welded between the ring header for inflow on the lower side and the ring header for outflow on the upper side. However, the material and structure are not limited (for example, copper tube, stainless steel flexible coil tube, titanium flexible coil tube, and fluidized tube). Although the durability and heat exchange capability are further improved by using the excellent cooling pipe, materials and structures to be used can be appropriately selected and used according to the production cost and the water quality conditions for desalination.

  The fresh water 43 stored in the fresh water storage tank 48 is formed by piping the tip end of the inverted U-shaped sealed water trap pipe 30 installed through the outer pipe 5 to the bottom surface and setting the upper end of the inverted U-shaped fresh water to the fresh water. 43 is sealed by piping to the water storage surface 18 so that the evaporation chamber 9 is kept airtight, and only the fresh water 43 overflowing from the water storage surface 18 of the fresh water storage tank 48 is exposed to the outside through the water sealing trap tube 30. Automatically discharged.

  A thermoelectric device 68 that applies the Peltier effect for promoting the evaporation of the seawater 41 sprayed in the evaporation chamber 9 (for example, one that can be cooled and heated at the same time by the same device, such as Takagi Mfg. Co., Ltd.) A thermoelectric element 68 that exposes the heating section 72 having a maximum heating temperature of 200 ° C. and exposes the cooling section 73 having a minimum cooling temperature of −30 ° C. with a thermoelectric element 68 that promotes condensation of seawater evaporated in the condensation chamber 8. Is installed in three stages in the inner pipe 7 and a direct current of about 17 V is applied at 9A, so that the inside of the evaporation chamber 9 is efficiently heated and the inside of the outer condensing chamber 8 can be heat exchanged by the thermoelectric element 68. Since direct current generated by a photovoltaic power generation panel (not shown) or the like can be applied without direct conversion, seawater can be desalinated using natural energy.

  An ultrasonic oscillator 52 is installed at the bottom of the separated salt water storage tank 50, and the separated salt water 51 is concentrated and concentrated by spraying and evaporating the water in the stored separated salt water 51 into the evaporation chamber 9 again by ultrasonic waves. Then, the separated salt water 51 overflowed is connected to the ejector pump (not shown) disposed in the separately provided concentrated salt tank (not shown) at the tip of the pipe of the concentrated salt water discharge pipe 27. Then, the suction force generated when the ejector pump sucks and discharges the concentrated salt water discharges the separated salt water 51 in the evaporation chamber 9 and at the same time sucks the air in the double pipe 3 to make it vacuum.

  It is a longitudinal cross-sectional detail figure which shows the Example of the desalination apparatus of this invention.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional detail drawing which shows 2nd Example of this invention.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional detail drawing which shows 3rd Example of this invention.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional detail drawing which shows 4th Example of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

5 Outer tube 8 Condensing chamber 9 Evaporating chamber 10 Ring header
12 Wall surface of inner pipe 13 Diffuser
14 Armor hole 16 Anti-scatter filter
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 19 Ultraviolet germicidal lamp 20 Injection nozzle 21 Flooding nozzle 22 Cooling pipe 29 P trap pipe 31 Heating coil pipe 36 Magnetic injection nozzle 39 Flooding pump 42 Crystalline salt 53 Induction diffuser
55 Driving motor
58 Quartz glass protective tube 67 Insulation coil 77 Centrifugal spraying device 78 Ventilation tube

Claims (10)

  Seawater is sprayed upward from the spray nozzle provided in the lower part of the evaporation chamber on the inner side of the double pipe installed in the vertical direction in a decompressed vacuum atmosphere to evaporate and flow into the condensation chamber outside the mesh hole in the upper part of the inner pipe Fresh water is submerged from the submerged nozzles installed in multiple stages at the top and middle of the condensing chamber to form water droplets while making gas-liquid contact, and the remaining water vapor is completely condensed in the cooling pipe to produce fresh water. A seawater desalination apparatus in which a gas is circulated into an evaporation chamber through an armor hole at the bottom of an inner pipe through a net.   A heating coil tube is arranged at the lower part of the evaporation chamber to heat the evaporation chamber, and pressurized seawater is injected from an injection nozzle in the center into an induction diffuser in which an insulating coil is wound around the outer periphery. Fresh water of seawater characterized in that it is sprayed while sucking 3 to 4 times heated air and electric field treatment and spraying while rotating upward to promote separation and evaporation of salt from seawater mist Device.   Water collecting rings are installed in multiple stages from the middle to the top of the evaporation chamber, and the seawater sprayed upward from the injection nozzle evaporates in a reduced-pressure humidified atmosphere, adheres to the inner tube wall surface, and condenses to flow down as water droplets. Fresh water is received by the water collection ring and stored, and fresh water overflowing from the stored water surface is supplied into the condensing chamber through a P trap pipe connected through the inner pipe wall surface to promote desalination. Seawater desalination equipment.   The fresh water supplied from the fresh water storage tank via the fresh water pump is poured into the downward diffuser from the fresh water nozzles installed in multiple stages at the top and middle of the condensing chamber, and the surrounding water vapor is sucked in. However, seawater is characterized by generating a downdraft that is 3 to 4 times the amount of drowned water and making water droplets while making gas-liquid contact, and then dripping fresh water into the cooling pipe from the drowning nozzle to completely condense the remaining water vapor. Desalination equipment.   A ring header is installed directly under the lowermost water collection ring installed in the evaporation chamber, and crystal salts adhering to the inner pipe wall surface are removed from the fresh water storage tank from the flood nozzle provided on the lower side of the ring header at regular intervals. A seawater desalination apparatus characterized in that fresh water supplied via a submergence pump is submerged and washed off while being washed and stored as separated salt water in a separated salt water storage tank below the evaporation chamber.   The centrifugal spraying device provided at the bottom of the evaporation chamber supplies heated seawater to the rotating atomizing cup that is rotated by the drive motor. The surrounding heated air is sucked by the impeller and mixed in the central part of the atomizing cup. A seawater desalination apparatus characterized by being atomized and sprayed while swirling upward to promote separation and evaporation of salts from seawater mist.   Inside the condensing chamber and evaporation chamber, an ultraviolet germicidal lamp that emits germicidal radiation with a wavelength of UV-C253, 7 nm is installed in a high-purity quartz glass protective tube with good ultraviolet transmission, and is contained in the jetted seawater A seawater desalination apparatus characterized by treatment with various germs such as pathogenic Escherichia coli O-157 and Legionella, and other fungi by irradiation with an ultraviolet germicidal lamp.   It is characterized in that the separation and evaporation of seawater is promoted by reducing the surface tension by activating the seawater cluster by applying magnetism to the pressurized seawater from the magnetic spray nozzle provided in the lower part of the evaporation chamber. Seawater desalination equipment.   The heating part of the thermoelectric element that evaporates the seawater sprayed in the evaporation chamber is exposed, while the thermoelectric element that exposes the cooling part of the thermoelectric element that condenses water vapor in the condensation chamber is installed in the inner tube, and a direct current is applied. A seawater desalination apparatus characterized by promoting heat exchange by evaporation and condensation of seawater.   Crystal salt adhering to the inner pipe wall of the evaporation chamber is washed off and stored in the separated salt water storage tank, and an ultrasonic oscillator is installed at the bottom of the separated salt water storage tank, and the water separated and separated by the ultrasonic oscillator is placed in the evaporation chamber. A seawater desalination apparatus characterized in that separated salt water is concentrated by spraying and evaporating, and overflowing separated salt water is discharged from a concentrated salt water discharge pipe to promote seawater desalination.

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