RU2786416C1 - Method for obtaining drinking water in the black sea - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of water treatment, more precisely to the processes of preparing drinking water from air, its cooling and condensation of part of the moisture contained in it. The method is carried out in the Black Sea. At an atmospheric air temperature of +15°C and above in the Black Sea with depths of at least 50 m, using a profiled air intake with automatic orientation to the direction of the wind, air rudder captures air flows above the sea surface with maximum kinetic energy and high absolute humidity. Air flows are directed through a profiled supply air duct to a refrigerator-condenser installed obliquely at a depth of 40÷50 m with constant washing by the sea current with a year-round temperature (+7÷+10) °C. The resulting condensate is collected at the bottom of the condenser. It is pumped over by a pump to the storage of drinking water on the surface of the sea or on the shore. With the help of purified and disinfected sea water, the concentration of salts in the condensate collected in the storage is brought to the optimum level for drinking water. The cooled air, which has given up part of the moisture, is returned to the atmosphere through the discharge duct into the atmosphere by the natural pressure of the next portions of the warm and humid air that has entered the air intake. If the atmospheric wind speed is insufficient, a jet air pump is used to create a vacuum at the outlet of the discharge duct or a fan.

EFFECT: high-performance, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly preparation of drinking water with a minimum consumption of electrical energy, without chemical reagents.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the preparation of drinking water by condensation of water vapor from the air during its natural pumping through a natural source of cold, specifically in the Black Sea, using its special hydrology, which is not repeated in other seas and oceans. This feature consists in year-round maintenance of water temperature in the Black Sea at a depth of 40÷50 meters and below in the range from +7°C to +11°C, while in all other seas and oceans located in the belt of a similar geographical latitude on both sides of the equator (from 45 degrees south to 45 degrees north latitude), a similar temperature is reached only at depths of more than 600 meters, which makes the implementation of the proposed technical solution in them difficult and economically impractical. The specified temperature feature of the Black Sea makes it possible to use its water even at such an insignificant depth as a natural refrigerator for the condensation of water vapor contained in the atmospheric air above the water surface. In a layer of air in direct contact with the water surface, the moisture content always changes in such a way that it is equal to or close to the maximum possible for a round-the-clock changing air temperature, that is, constantly close to its 100% relative humidity. This is one of the consequences of the fact that about 25% of the solar energy falling on planet Earth is spent on the evaporation of water from a liquid state to a gaseous state. Maintaining a dynamic balance between the amount of constantly evaporating water from the sea surface and the amount of water returning to the sea from the air in contact with it, at the level of the maximum possible moisture content in the air, is ensured by the strong dependence of the evaporation rate on wind speed: even at a low wind speed of 1 m/s, evaporation water increases by 3 times, while the year-round average wind speed in the Black Sea is 4÷6 m/s. towards the sea.

Over the Black Sea coastline, the relative humidity of the air, and hence the moisture content, constantly decreases with distance from the sea surface, therefore, for example, over most of the Crimean peninsula during six spring-summer-autumn months with maximum positive temperatures, the air is dry and contains a minimum water vapor, which is especially beneficial for the treatment or rehabilitation of vacationers with various diseases, especially pulmonary. At the same time, the lack of natural sources of fresh water in Crimea creates a serious problem not only for irrigating crops, but even for meeting the personal needs of the inhabitants of the peninsula and numerous vacationers, negatively affecting the quality of life. The availability of clean drinking water within the established norms is the most important factor in the health and quality of life of Crimean residents and vacationers. On July 8, 2010, the UN General Assembly included the right to water in the list of basic human rights, and the world community recognized the expansion of access to drinking water as one of the four key components of the UN Millennium Environmental Sustainability Goals.

The proposed invention provides easy scalability, automatic, high-performance, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly preparation of high-quality drinking water for various required volumes of consumption with minimal electrical energy consumption, without chemical reagents and without causing any harm to the ecology of the region.

A distinctive feature of the proposed method for obtaining drinking water in the Black Sea is the supply in the spring-summer-autumn period of the warmest air saturated with water vapor from the layer in contact with the sea surface, due to the natural air pressure of the almost constantly blowing wind through the profiled air duct to the refrigerator-condenser , located obliquely at a depth of 40 to 50 meters and constantly washed by the natural currents of the Black Sea water at all points of the sea with a year-round temperature at this depth from +7 ° C to +11 ° C, after which condensed distilled water collected in the lower part of the refrigerator - condenser, is pumped to a floating facility on the sea surface or ashore to bring the content of the necessary salts to the optimum level for drinking water, for example, by adding purified and disinfected sea water containing all the salts necessary for a person in a balanced ratio, and cooling The air that has given up condensed moisture and has a moisture content corresponding to 100% humidity at a temperature of (+7 ÷ 11) ° C is squeezed out through the discharge duct by the pressure of successive portions of warm moisture-saturated air and (or) with the additional help of fans, with insufficient atmospheric wind speed back into the atmosphere.

Numerous constructive and technological implementations of various methods and devices for obtaining drinking water are known from the prior art. In general, they should provide disinfection, clarification, discoloration of water, removal of its odors and tastes, reduction of the content of permissible chemical elements and their compounds to values not exceeding the maximum permissible values (MPC), and also exclude the presence of carcinogenic and especially dangerous substances in water. substances. This is achieved by various combinations of technological operations for disinfecting microorganisms, binding and separating various organic and inorganic pollutants using chemical reagents (oxidizing agents, neutralizers, coagulants, flocculants), physical effects (magnetic, electrical, hydrodynamic) and various filters (coarse and fine cleaning, bulk , sorption, ultra- and nanofiltration). The main criteria for perfection and preference in choosing the implemented option are ensuring the required water quality when using various sources, low specific costs for the implementation of the technology and its practical use, the minimum cost of the water produced, the predominant operation without expensive and scarce reagents, a large operational resource, the ability to provide the required productivity and safety for nature (environmental friendliness).

The proposed method must meet the requirements for the quality of drinking water of centralized drinking water supply systems and (or) packaged in containers, as well as for water treatment devices and activities related to drinking water supply services, which are set out in the current interstate and national standards of the Russian Federation [1-4] and sanitary and epidemiological standards [5, 6].

Of the coastal regions of the Black Sea, which are part of the Russian Federation, the Crimean peninsula during the warm season of mass vacations is especially problematic in terms of providing the population and vacationers with drinking water due to the lack of natural sources that can be used to obtain enough water from them for household, technical , agricultural applications and, especially, drinking water.

The long-term use in this region of large volumes of water from explored underground deposits directly on the territory of the peninsula and in the waters of the Sea of Azov is associated with the risk of uncontrolled replacement of pumped fresh water by randomly penetrating salty sea water through leaks in the soil, which sooner or later can lead to damage to such sources.

Rich countries (Israel, Singapore, Australia, Saudi Arabia, UAE) desalinate large volumes of salty sea water using evaporation or reverse osmosis methods, which require expensive and complex equipment, as well as high costs of electrical energy. The discharge of large volumes of concentrated salt solutions remaining after seawater desalination is already negatively affecting the ecosystem of the surrounding marine areas in these countries, which will seriously complicate such projects if a decision is made on their practical implementation in the Republic of Crimea.

One of the promising technologies for obtaining drinking water is the condensation of water vapor, almost always contained in the atmospheric air due to solar energy, which is also the root cause of the winds and sea currents used in the claimed invention. It is these technologies that make it possible in the simplest and most environmentally friendly way, without the use of complex and expensive reverse osmosis filters, to solve the especially aggravated problem of the presence of microplastics in most tested samples of drinking water, even in bottled water of prestigious brands, indicating global pollution of the water resources of the planet Earth. [7].

The great ancient silk road originated in the second century AD and connected China with the cities of Central Asia and the countries of the Mediterranean. For many years it was the most important transport artery, a significant part of which ran through the desert territories of Asia. Camels were mainly used to transport goods. The main problem for travelers was the availability of water. The ingenious designers of antiquity built wells in the middle of hot sands, which were called "sardoba" [8]. The original design of the well ensured the extraction of water from the atmospheric air due to the vortex effect. The stone well had the shape of a tent with several holes in the upper part. The special design of the roof with side openings ensured a constant circulation of several thousand cubic meters of desert air per day through the well. The purest cool water from the desert air condensed, mainly at night, on a stone mound in a special recess at the bottom of the well. More than half of the well was sunk into the ground. They went down the stairs to the water. There was enough water for people and a caravan of 150-200 camels. The remains of such wells can be found today in some places in Central Asia. The main disadvantages of such devices are the high specific cost of the drinking water received and their low productivity, which is unable to meet the current needs of the population of the Black Sea region when using only coastal areas.

A similar facility for obtaining drinking water is known on the Crimean peninsula [9]. A kind of "air well" - a huge artificial moisture condenser - was built at the beginning of the 20th century. It is located on the slope of the flat top of Mount Tepe-Oba, at an altitude of 150 m above sea level. Its author is the forestry engineer F. Siebold, who personally built a huge moisture condenser with the support of local authorities in 1905-1912. The construction included a small condenser (near the meteorological station in the Feodosia forestry) and a large one (on the top of Mount Tepe-Oba). The stone bowl of the latter, which is called Siebold's bowl, has survived to this day. The "air well" is made of limestone, round in plan, with a diameter of 12 meters. The edges of the bowl are raised, the bottom is funnel-shaped, a discharge chute is laid from the center to the side. The bowl was covered with a layer of concrete 15 cm thick and filled with large coastal pebbles laid in the form of a huge truncated cone - its height was 6 meters, the diameter of the top was 8 meters, and the total volume of the pebbles was a little over 307 cubic meters. Dew drops, settling on pebbles, flowed to the bottom of the condenser and were led out through the chute to the pipe. The construction of the large condenser was completed in 1912. For several months, according to contemporaries, he gave up to 36 buckets (about 443 liters) of water per day. The bottom of the condenser was not strong enough, and through the cracks formed, the water soon began to go into the soil.

Siebold's experiment was repeated in Stary Krym in 2004. A condenser with an area of 10 square meters was installed on the mountain. m. At high relative humidity (more than 90%) in 5.5 hours it was possible to get about 6 liters of clean drinking water. But such high humidity is very rare.

The last three examples - the “sardoba” of the ancient silk road, the “Siebold air well” in the Feodosia region of the early 20th century, and the condenser from 2004 in Stary Krym - only confirm the technical feasibility of extracting water vapor from the air to obtain drinking water, but do not have practical values due to low productivity and high unit cost of produced drinking water.

An analogue is known - an invention according to patent RU 2618315 "Method of obtaining water from air" [10]. The invention relates to methods for autonomous production of fresh water of drinking quality from the moisture of the surrounding sea atmospheric air. The method includes the use of pneumatic energy generators. Cooling of the compressed air flow after the generators is carried out in condensers with precipitation and moisture extraction. Atmospheric air is taken in close proximity to the sea surface, where its humidity is maximum. Pneumatic energy generators are powered by tidal energy. The generators are made in the form of hydraulic units, which are placed in the zone of action of the tides with the support of sea water in front of them. On hydraulic units having radially movable walls in the form of membranes, air compression chambers with suction and discharge valves are installed. In hydraulic units, a periodic hydraulic shock is initiated, which reciprocates the membranes of the air compression chambers and generates pneumatic energy in the compression chambers. The air after the condensers is sent to air expanders, which are made in the form of chokes or pneumomotors. Pneumomotors are connected to electric generators. The resulting electrical energy is used to drive the pumps for pumping out the precipitated fresh water from the condensers and the moisture receivers of the air expanders. When using chokes as air expanders, fresh water is pumped out of the moisture collectors by ejection by supplying fresh water under pressure in the condensers. Moisture condensers are placed below sea level and cooled with sea water. The hydraulic energy of sea tides is converted into pneumatic energy, which is necessary for the release of moisture contained in the atmospheric sea air. The main disadvantages of the invention are the technical complexity of implementation, high cost and poor conditions for use in the Black Sea due to the weakness of its tides due to isolation from the world's oceans.

A well-known analogue is "Installation with radiative cooling for obtaining fresh water from moist air" according to patent RU 2182623 [11]. Installation with a natural source of cold and forced air circulation contains solar panels, an air duct with a fan and a heat exchanger located in it, and a water collector. The heat exchanger consists of thermosyphons with condensation and evaporation zones having fins, and the condensation zone is inclined to the horizon by 30-40°. The edge of the condensation zone is made radiating, the side of this edge looking towards the ground and the outer wall of the air duct are thermally insulated, and the side of this edge radiating towards the sky has a selective coating transparent for infrared radiation. The evaporation zone is built into an air duct made in the form of a Field tube. The disadvantages of the invention are the complexity of the design and dependence on solar energy, which is absent for at least half a day even in the warm season of increased demand for drinking water.

Also known analogue "Installation for obtaining fresh water from moist air" according to patent RU 2056479 [12]. It contains solar panels, a water collector, a refrigeration unit connected through a hydraulic pump and a valve to a thermally insulated tank and a heat exchanger-condenser located in the air duct, which also contains a drop catcher and a fan. The disadvantages of this installation are low efficiency, due to the low conversion factor of solar energy, and low productivity.

The closest adopted for the prototype is the invention according to the patent RU 2146744 "Method of producing water from air" [13]. The method consists in forming an air stream containing water vapor, artificially cooling the air stream and condensing the water vapor. The resulting fresh water-condensate is fed into the water collection tank, and the cooled air is fed to the condenser to ensure the operating mode of the refrigeration device. The generated air flow is passed through the air intake filter under ambient conditions with relative humidity from 70 to 100% and temperature from +15 to +50°C, and then through an electrostatic field. The resulting cooled air is fed through the connecting skirt to the condenser radiator, while the volume of air passing through the radiator, from the condition of 20 g of moisture per 1 m ^{3 of} air and the average daily productivity of the installation up to 250 l / day, lies in the range of 12-13 thousand m ³ in day. The main disadvantages of the invention:

- low water production efficiency;

- obtaining fresh water-condensate, which cannot be used for drinking for a long time;

- the description of the invention does not explicitly imply the implemented technology of artificial cooling of air, which is then used in the condenser to ensure the operating mode of the refrigeration device, in which fresh water-condensate should be obtained.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to eliminate the shortcomings indicated in the analogues and the prototype and provide such a method for obtaining drinking water in the Black Sea, which is different:

- simplicity and reliability of the process of preparing drinking water of the required quality without microplastics with the possibility of its use for centralized domestic water supply systems and packaging in containers;

- high energy efficiency and minimum specific consumption of electrical energy (kW/m3) due to the use of electrical energy only for pumping condensed water from an underwater refrigerator-condenser to the sea surface (shore) from a shallow depth of 40÷60 meters and, possibly, for fan operation , which helps to throw out the cooled and condensed water air into the atmosphere;

- a wide range of potable water capacities possible due to scaling and replication of devices;

- preparation of drinking water in a continuous automatic mode during the spring-summer-autumn months, for which the most important is the elimination of the shortage of drinking water;

- a large operational resource of the device for the implementation of the proposed method;

- the absolute absence of harmful effects on the ecology of the surrounding ecosystems (atmosphere and sea water).

The specified technical result is achieved by the maximum use of natural, climatic and hydrological factors inherent only in the Black Sea, such as:

- year-round water temperature at a depth of 40 m and below in the range from +7 to +11°C;

- permanent sea currents, allowing the use of the entire Black Sea coastal area as a natural refrigerator, which does not require additional energy costs for cooling the processed air to condense the water vapor contained in it the Black and Marmara Seas, and in the upper layer of the strait, less salty water flows from the Black Sea, and in the lower, near-bottom layer, the more salty water of the Marmara and Mediterranean Seas enters the Black Sea);

- constant wind with an average annual speed of 4÷6 m/s and intense solar energy in the spring-summer-autumn months, activating the process of seawater evaporation and maintaining the relative humidity of the air layer in contact with the sea surface close to 100%, which corresponds to the maximum moisture content for a specific temperature during the day;

- the kinetic energy that is always inherent in the wind (and the corresponding momentum, head), determined by its speed and allowing directing the natural flow of warm moisture-saturated air without additional costs of other types of energy through a profiled air duct to the refrigerator-condenser to a depth of 40÷50 m and squeezing out the air, cooled and given off excess water vapor for the temperature (+7) ÷ (+11) ° С, through the exhaust duct into the atmosphere, possibly with additional activation of the fan in this process at a low wind speed; instead of a fan, a jet air pump can be used, which also uses the energy of atmospheric wind and creates an area of low pressure above the discharge duct.

An additional positive difference of the proposed method for obtaining drinking water in the Black Sea by condensation of water vapor from the air is the production of disinfected drinking water without microplastics, which is currently detected not only in most reservoirs and natural water sources, but also in samples of water from centralized water supply systems and packaged water. in a container, as well as without chlorine and its compounds commonly used in water treatment and water treatment systems, harmful and dangerous for all living things on Earth.

It is known that up to 25% of all solar energy on planet Earth is spent on the evaporation of liquid water and its transformation into steam contained in the atmospheric air. The moisture content in the air strongly depends on the distance from the water source, wind speed, temperature, air density and pressure, which decrease with distance from the earth's surface. Therefore, to obtain drinking water according to the method claimed in the invention by moisture condensation, it is necessary to use air that is in direct contact with the surface of the Black Sea. The relationship between the listed air parameters is most compactly presented in the table of absolute air humidity, which is obtained from the standard humid air ID diagram [14].

The claimed method is distinguished by the continuity of the process of obtaining drinking water of normalized quality in the spring-summer-autumn months, when there is the greatest demand for drinking water, due to the fact that it additionally includes the use of technological operations:

- filtration and disinfection of sea water to bring the salt content in the resulting distillate to the level required for drinking water;

-constant operational monitoring of integral indicators of the quality of drinking water obtained (transparency, pH, etc.) by sensors widely used today.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by a graphic image (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), which shows a diagram of a particular case of a possible device that implements the inventive method for obtaining drinking water in the Black Sea. The method for preparing drinking water in the Black Sea includes the following technologically related operations:

- trapping by a movable air intake 1, automatically oriented to the direction of the wind with the help of an air rudder 2, flows of initial warm and humid air 3 above the surface of sea water 4 (the Black Sea) and directing it to a profiled supply air duct 5;

-supply of initial warm and humid air 3, due to the use of its kinetic energy at the inlet to the air intake 1, determined by the atmospheric wind speed, through a profiled supply air duct 5 to an inclined refrigerator-condenser 6 to a depth of 40÷45 m, where the water of the Black Sea year-round has a temperature of +7 to + 11 ° С and due to the natural sea current, as a refrigerant, it constantly washes the refrigerator-condenser;

-cooling of the air in the inclined refrigerator-condenser 6 to the temperature of the surrounding sea water (+7÷+11) °С for condensate (dew) to fall out, the amount of which depends mainly on the temperature difference between the atmospheric air and the temperature of the sea water surrounding the refrigerator at the moment -condenser 6, and is determined by the ID-diagram of air moisture content [14]; refrigerator-condenser 6 must be optimized to minimize the aerodynamic resistance to the air flowing through it and the duration of air cooling to the temperature of the surrounding sea water by the design and the selected material with high thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance to salt sea water; facilitating the collection of condensate is provided by the inclined installation of the refrigerator-condenser 6;

- collection of condensate 7 in the lower part of the inclined refrigerator-condenser 6 and its supply by pump 8 to the sea surface or to the shore in the storage of drinking water 9;

- filtration and disinfection of sea water by the device 10 and its supply by a dosing pump 11 to bring the salt content in the storage water 9 to the standard value that meets the requirements for drinking water; - return of cooled air with a dew point (+7) ÷ (+11) ° С, which has given off excess moisture, through the waste air duct 12 into the atmosphere by squeezing out new portions of the initial warm and humid air 3, using the jet air pump 13, which creates a vacuum above the waste air duct 12, and (or) fan 14 at a low speed of air flow 3.

The parameters of the air flow moving along the profiled supply air duct 5 are determined by the atmospheric wind speed 3, the size and shape of the air intake 1, the size and profile of the air duct 5, the size and design of the refrigerator-condenser 6 and will be selected when calculating the drinking water production complexes in the Black Sea water area according to the method claimed in the invention to ensure the required performance of drinking water.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention. The method is implemented as follows. In the water area of the Black Sea in the coastal zone with depths of 50÷60 m at the bottom on the foundation, a profiled supply air duct 5 is installed with a movable air intake 1 installed on it above the sea surface 4 with an air rudder 2 and from below an inclined refrigerator-condenser 6. Air rudder 2, working like a wing, it automatically orients the air intake 1 towards the atmospheric air velocity vector for maximum use of the kinetic energy of the wind and directs the maximum amount of initial warm and moisture-saturated air 3 into the profiled supply air duct 5.

Refrigerator-condenser 6 has a slope for collecting condensate 7 in its lower part, which is pumped by a pump 8 to a storage of drinking water 9 on the surface of the sea or on the shore. Purified and disinfected by the device 10, sea water is supplied by a dosing pump 11 to storage 9 to bring the content of the necessary salts in the supplied condensate to a level that meets the requirements for drinking water. This method of converting distilled water (condensate) into drinking water of optimal salinity is the most physiological due to the presence of the entire complex of macro- and microelements in sea salt in the proportions necessary for humans.

The air cooled and given off some of the moisture after the refrigerator-condenser 6 is returned to the atmosphere through the exhaust duct 12. For this, depending on the wind speed and the saturation of air flows with kinetic energy, three variants of the technological process can be used:

- at a high atmospheric speed, cooled air returns to the atmosphere under the natural pressure of fresh portions of warm and moisture-saturated air that has entered the air intake;

- at an average wind speed, an additional jet air pump 13 is used, which creates a vacuum (a region of low pressure) above the outlet of the discharge duct 12 due to the use of atmospheric air energy;

- at low wind speed the fan 14 turns on.

The condensed water 7 collected at the bottom of the condenser 6 is fed by a pump 8 to a storage 9, which can be located on the sea surface, for example, on a ship or on the shore. To bring the salinity of the water in the storage to meet the requirements for drinking water, the metering pump 11 supplies the required amount of purified and disinfected sea water by the device 10.

The technology according to the claimed method for obtaining drinking water from the air of the Black Sea provides an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly process for obtaining clean drinking water in the spring-summer-autumn months with cyclic daily fluctuations in productivity corresponding to atmospheric air temperature and wind speed.

The industrial applicability of the proposed method for obtaining drinking water from the air in the Black Sea is confirmed by a calculation example using the average statistical parameters of temperature and wind in the Black Sea in the area of the Crimean peninsula in the spring-summer-autumn months, when the atmospheric air temperature exceeds + 14 °C.

Example 1

Initial data for calculating the productivity of drinking water at the complex that implements the method according to the claimed invention:

- the average temperature of the source air, which is in direct contact with the Black Sea surface and has a relative humidity close to 100%, - (+25) °С;

- average wind speed over the surface of the Black Sea - V = 4.5 m/s; - the air intake is made in the form of a rectangle with horizontal dimensions D = 50 m and vertical dimensions H = 30 m;

- the average annual temperature of sea water at a depth of 40 m and below - (+9) ° С;

- absolute air humidity at +25 °С - 23.0 g/m ³ ;

- absolute air humidity at +9 °С - 8.8 g/m ³ ;

- the amount of condensate falling out of 1 m3 of air with a relative humidity of 100%, cooled to +9 ° C, - G \u003d 14.2 g \u003d 0.0142 kg.

As an expert assessment, we will take the value of the efficiency of the drinking water production complex η = 0.5 (for a more accurate assessment, it is necessary to carry out special aerodynamic calculations, taking into account the dimensions, profiles and materials used for the air intake, air ducts and refrigerator-condenser).

Calculation of the amount of air entering the air intake per day and then through the supply air duct to the refrigerator-condenser at an average ambient air temperature of +25 °C:

M ₂₅ \u003d (D x H) xV x (24 x 60 x 60) x G x η \u003d 50 x 30 x 4.5 x 24 x 60 x 60 x 0.0142 x 0.5 \u003d 4140720 [kg],

which corresponds to a volume of 4,140.72 m ³ for drinking water.

At a minimum air temperature of +15 °С, the absolute humidity of which is 12.8 g/m3, the drinking water capacity will be:

M ₁₅ = 50 x 30 x 4.5 x 24 x 60 x 60 x 0.004 x 0.5 = 1166400 [kg],

which corresponds to a volume of 1,166.4 m ³ .

At a maximum ambient air temperature of +35 °С, the absolute humidity of which is 39.6 g/m3, the drinking water capacity will be:

Mi5 = 50 x 30 x 4.5 x 24 x 60 x 60 x 0.0308 x 0.5 = 8981280 [kg],

which corresponds to a volume of 8,981.28 m ³ .

Given that drinking water contains less than 1% salts, purified and disinfected sea water, which must be added to the resulting distilled condensate, is not taken into account in this demonstration calculation.

The result of the demonstration calculation of a single complex confirmed the possibility of energy efficient and cheap production in the Black Sea using the proposed method of high quality drinking water that meets the hygienic requirements for drinking water of centralized drinking water supply systems and packaged in containers according to state standards of the Russian Federation [1-6] with the required performance.

Literature and other sources:

1. GOST R 52132-98 “Drinking water. General requirements for the organization and methods of quality control.

2. GOST 32220-2013 “Drinking water packaged in containers. General technical conditions".

3. GOST 31952-2012 (interstate standard) “Water treatment devices. General requirements for efficiency and methods for its determination.

4. GOST R ISO 24510-2009 “Activities related to drinking water supply and wastewater disposal services. Guidelines for evaluating and improving the service provided to consumers.

5. SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 (as amended on June 28, 2010) “Drinking water and water supply of populated areas. Hygienic requirements for water quality in centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control".

6. SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-02 “Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for the quality of water packaged in containers. Quality control".

7. https://plus-one.ru/ecology/2021/03/16/10-neozhidannyh-mest-gde-nashli-mikroplastik

8. https://kak-eto-sdelano.livejournal.com/749966.html

9. https://www.kramola.info/vesti/neobyknovennoe/vozdushnyy-kolodec-izobretatelya-zibolda

10. Invention according to patent RU 2618315 "Method of obtaining water from air", IPC E03B 3/28, priority dated 03/28/2016, published 05/03/2017.

11. Invention to patent RU 2182623 "Installation with radiative cooling for obtaining fresh water from moist air", IPC E03B 3/28, B01D 5/00, priority dated 01/24/200, published 05/20/2002.

12. Invention to patent RU 2056479 "Installation for obtaining fresh water from moist air", IPC E03B 3/28, priority dated 06/27/1997, published 10/12/1998.

13. Invention to patent RU 2146744 "Method of obtaining water from air", IPC E03B 3/28, B01D 5/00, priority dated 08/05/1999, published 03/20/2000.

14. https://dpva.ru/Guide/GuidePhysics/Humidity/MaximumMoistureContentAir/

Claims (1)

A method for obtaining drinking water in the Black Sea, including the formation of an air stream containing water vapor, the implementation of artificial cooling of the air stream and the condensation of water vapor, the supply of fresh water-condensate obtained in this case to a storage for collecting water, characterized in that at atmospheric air temperature from +15°С and above in the Black Sea with depths of at least 50 m, using a profiled air intake with automatic orientation to the direction of the wind, by means of an air rudder, air flows with maximum kinetic energy and high absolute humidity are captured above the sea surface and directed through a profiled supply an air duct to a refrigerator-condenser inclined at a depth of 40÷50 m with constant washing by the sea current with a year-round temperature (+7÷+10)°C, the resulting condensate is collected in the lower part of the refrigerator-condenser and pumped to the surface of the drinking water storage from the sea or ashore, using purified sea water to bring the concentration of salts in the condensate collected in the storage facility to the optimum level for drinking water, and return the cooled air that has given up part of the moisture through the discharge duct to the atmosphere by the natural pressure of regular portions of warm and humid air that has entered the air intake, and in case of insufficient atmospheric wind speed, a jet air pump is used to create a vacuum at the outlet of the discharge duct or a fan.

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