JP2011526480A - α5−β1抗体及びそれらの使用 - Google Patents
α5−β1抗体及びそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】
Description
(a)配列番号1、又はその保存修飾を含む重鎖可変領域CDR1;
(b)配列番号2、又はその保存修飾を含む重鎖可変領域CDR2;
(c)配列番号3、又はその保存修飾を含む重鎖可変領域CDR3;
(d)配列番号4、又はその保存修飾を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR1;
(e)配列番号5、又はその保存修飾を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR2;及び
(f)配列番号6、又はその保存修飾を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR3:
を含む分離されたモノクローナル抗体又はその抗原結合部分を提供する。
(a)配列番号13、又はその保存修飾を含む重鎖可変領域CDR1;
(b)配列番号14、又はその保存修飾を含む重鎖可変領域CDR2;
(c)配列番号15、又はその保存修飾を含む重鎖可変領域CDR3;
(d)配列番号16、又はその保存修飾を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR1;
(e)配列番号17、又はその保存修飾を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR2;及び
(f)配列番号18、又はその保存修飾を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR3:
を含む分離されたモノクローナル抗体又はその抗原結合部分を提供する。
(a)配列番号23、又はその保存修飾を含む重鎖可変領域CDR1;
(b)配列番号24、又はその保存修飾を含む重鎖可変領域CDR2;
(c)配列番号25、又はその保存修飾を含む重鎖可変領域CDR3;
(d)配列番号26、又はその保存修飾を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR1;
(e)配列番号27、又はその保存修飾を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR2;及び
(f)配列番号28、又はその保存修飾を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR3:
を含む分離されたモノクローナル抗体又はその抗原結合部分を提供する。
本開示の抗体は、抗体の特定の機能的特徴又は特性によって特徴付けられる。例えば、抗体はヒトα5β1に特異的に結合する。好ましくは、本開示の抗体は、例えば、1×10-7M以下のKDを有する高親和性でα5β1に特異的に結合する。
本開示の1つの例示的な抗体は、実施例1及び2に記載のヒトモノクローナル抗体22B5である。22B5のVHアミノ酸配列は図1Bに示され、配列番号7に記載されている。22B5のVLアミノ酸配列は図1Dに示され、配列番号8に記載されている。図1B及び図2に示されるように、22B5の重鎖可変領域はヒト生殖細胞系遺伝子配列に戻る2つの突然変異を含む。即ち、22B5は、アミノ酸残基番号30(I30S)でイソロイシンからセリンまでの1つの突然変異及びアミノ酸残基番号33(N33S)でアスパラギンからセリンまでの1つの突然変異を含む。本明細書で使用される用語「22B5」は、該I30S及びN33S重鎖可変領域生殖細胞系突然変異が作製される抗体を指す。
本開示の別の具体的抗体は、実施例1及び8に記載のヒトモノクローナル抗体2D2である。2D2のVHアミノ酸配列は配列番号39に示される。2D2のVLアミノ酸配列は配列番号40に示される。
(a)ヒトVH4〜39遺伝子(その遺伝子が配列番号7に記載のアミノ酸配列をコード化する)又はヒトVH3〜30.3遺伝子(その遺伝子が配列番号19、29、又は39に記載のアミノ酸配列をコード化する)の産物又はそれから生じる重鎖可変領域を含み;
(b)ヒトVKL6遺伝子(その遺伝子が配列番号8、20、30、又は40に記載のアミノ酸配列をコード化する)の産物又はそれから生じる軽鎖可変領域を含み;そして
(c)α5β1を、好ましくはヒトα5β1を特異的に結合する;
分離されたモノクローナル抗体、又はその抗原結合部分を提供する。
尚別の態様では、本開示の抗体は、本明細書に記載の例示的抗体のアミノ酸配列と相同の重鎖及び軽鎖可変領域であって、抗体が本開示の抗α5β1抗体の所望の機能特性を保持している重鎖及び軽鎖可変領域を含む。
(a)重鎖可変領域が、配列番号7、19、29、及び39から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも80%相同のアミノ酸配列を含み;
(b)軽鎖可変領域が、配列番号8、20、30、及び40から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列と少なくとも80%相同のアミノ酸配列を含み;
そして抗体は以下の特性:
(i)抗体は1×10-7M以下のKDを有するヒトα5β1に結合する;
(ii)抗体は抗体依存性細胞傷害を誘導することができる;
の1つ又はそれ以上を示す、分離されたモノクローナル抗体又はその抗原結合部分を提供する。
特定の例では、本開示の抗体は、CDR1、CDR2及びCDR3配列を含む重鎖可変領域、並びにCDR1、CDR2及びCDR3配列を含む軽鎖可変領域であって、1つ又はそれ以上のこれらのCDR配列が本明細書に記載の例示的抗体(例えば、22B5、1D9、24C7及び2D2)、又はその保存修飾に基づく特定アミノ酸配列を含み、そして抗体が本開示の抗α5β1抗体の1つ又はそれ以上の所望の機能特性を保持する、CDR1、CDR2及びCDR3配列を含む重鎖可変領域、並びにCDR1、CDR2及びCDR3配列を含む軽鎖可変領域である。従って、本開示は、CDR1、CDR2及びCDR3配列を含む重鎖可変領域、並びにCDR1、CDR2及びCDR3配列を含む軽鎖可変領域を含む、分離されたモノクローナル抗体、又はその抗原結合部分であって:
(a)重鎖可変領域CDR3配列が、配列番号3、15、25、及び35、並びその保存修飾から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含み;
(b)軽鎖可変領域CDR3配列が、配列番号6、18、28、及び38、並びにその保存修飾から成る群から選択されるアミノ酸配列を含み;そして抗体は1つ又はそれ以上の以下の特性を示し:
(i)抗体が1×10-7M以下のKDを有するヒトα5β1に結合し;
(ii)抗体が抗体依存性細胞傷害性を誘導することができる、分離されたモノクローナル抗体、又はその抗原結合部分を提供する。
別の態様では、本開示は、本開示のいずれかの例示的α5β1モノクローナル抗体として、ヒトα5β1で同じエピトープに結合する抗体を提供する(即ち、本開示のいずれのモノクローナル抗体ともα5β1に結合するための交差競合する能力を有する抗体)。例えば、交差競合研究での参照抗体は、モノクローナル抗体22B5(それぞれ、配列番号7及び8に示されるVH及びVL配列を有する)、又はモノクローナル抗体24C7(それぞれ、配列番号19及び20に示されるVH及びVL配列を有する)、又はモノクローナル抗体1D9(それぞれ、配列番号29及び30に示されるVH及びVL配列を有する)、又はモノクローナル抗体2D2(それぞれ、配列番号39及び40に示されるVH及びVL配列を有する)であってよい。当該交差競合抗体は、標準α5β1結合分析において22B5、24C7、1D9、又は2D2と交差競合するそれらの能力に基づいて特定し得る。例えば、BIAcore解析、ELISA分析又はフローサイトメトリーは、本開示の例示的抗体との交差競合を証明するのに使用してもよい。試験抗体が、例えば、22B5、24C7、1D9又は2D2のヒトα5β1への結合を阻害する能力は、試験抗体がヒトα5β1へ結合するために22B5、24C7、1D9又は2D2と競合することができ、その結果22B5、24C7、1D9又は2D2と同じヒトα5β1のエピトープと結合することを示す。1つの例では、22B5、24C7、1D9又は2D22と同じヒトα5β1のエピトープに結合する抗体は、ヒトモノクローナル抗体である。当該ヒトモノクローナル抗体は、例えば、実施例に記載のように調製及び分離することができる。
本開示の抗体又はその抗原結合部分は、修飾抗体を改変するための出発物質として、本明細書に記載の1つ又はそれ以上のVH及び/又はVL配列を有する抗体を用いて更に調製することができ、その修飾抗体は出発抗体からその性質を変えている。抗体は、1つ又は両方の可変領域(即ち、VH及び/又はVL)内、例えば、1つ又はそれ以上のCDR領域内及び/又は1つ又はそれ以上の骨格領域内の1つ又はそれ以上の残基を修飾することにより改変することができる。その上又はあるいは、抗体は、例えば、その抗体の1つ又は複数のエフェクター機能を変えるために、1つ又は複数の定常領域内の残基を修飾することにより改変することができる。
上記のように、本明細書に開示のVH及びVLを有する抗α5β1抗体は、VH及び/又はVL配列、又はそれに結合する1つ又は複数の定常領域を修飾すことにより新しい抗α5β1抗体を作製するために使用することができる。従って、本開示の別の態様では、本開示の抗α5β1抗体、例えば、22B5、24C7、1D9又は2D2の構造的特徴が、ヒトα5β1への結合など本開示の抗体の1つの機能特性を保持する、構造的に関連する抗α5β1抗体を作製するのに使用される。例えば、22B5、24C7、1D9若しくは2D2、又はその突然変異の1つ又はそれ以上のCDR領域は、上記のように本開示の更なる組み換え的に改変された抗α5β1抗体を作製するために、公知のフレームワーク領域及び/又は他のCDRと組み換え的に結合することができる。他のタイプの修飾は前項に記載された修飾を含む。改変方法のための出発物質は、本明細書に提供される1つ又はそれ以上のVH及び/又はVL配列、又はその1つ又はそれ以上のCDR領域である。改変抗体を作出するために、本明細書に提供される1つ又はそれ以上のVH及び/又はVL配列、又はその1つ又はそれ以上のCDR領域を有する抗体を実際に調製(即ち、タンパク質として発現)する必要はない。むしろ、1つ又は複数の配列に含まれる情報は、1つ又は複数の元の配列から生じる「第二世代」の1つ又は複数の配列を作製するために出発物質として使用してもよく、次いで「第二世代」の1つ又は複数の配列は、タンパク質として調製され発現される。
(i)1×10-7M以下のKDを有するヒトα5β1に結合する;
(ii)ADCCを誘導することができる;
を含むが、これらに限定されない。
本開示の別の態様は、本開示の抗体をコード化する核酸分子に関する。核酸は、全細胞に、細胞溶解物中に、又は部分精製若しくは実質的に純粋形態で存在すると考えられる。核酸は、他の細胞成分又は他の不純物、例えば、他の細胞の核酸又はタンパク質から、アルカリ/SDS処理、CsClバンド法、カラムクロマトグラフィー、アガロースゲル電気泳動などを含むいずれかの好適な技術によって精製する場合に、「分離され」又は「実質的に精製される」。 F. Ausubel, et al, ed. (1987)「分子生物学における最新のプロトコール」(Current Protocols in Molecular Biology), Greene Publishing and Wiley Interscience, New Yorkを参照されたい。本開示の核酸は、例えば、DNA又はRNAであってよく、そしてイントロン配列を含んでも又は含んでいなくてもよい。一般的に、核酸はcDNA分子である。
本開示のモノクローナル抗体(mAbs)は、通常のモノクローナル抗体法、例えば、Kohler and Milstein (1975) Nature 256: 495の標準体細胞ハイブリダイゼーション技術を含む、種々の技術により生産することができる。モノクローナル抗体を生産する他の技術、例えば、Bリンパ球のウイルス性又は発がん性形質転換も用いることができる。
ヒトIgマウスを本開示のヒト抗体を産生させるのに使用する場合、当該マウスは、Lonberg, N. et al. (1994) Nature 368(6474): 856-859; Fishwild, D. et al. (1996) Nature Biotechnology 14: 845-851; 及びPCT国際公開第98/24884号及び国際公開第01/14424号によって記載されているように、α5β1抗原及び/又は組み換えα5β1、又はα5β1融合タンパク質の精製又は濃縮製剤によって免疫処置することができる。好ましくは、マウスは、第1注入時に6〜16週齢であってよい。例えば、α5β1抗原の精製又は組み換え製剤(5〜50μg)を腹腔投与でヒトIgマウスを感作するのに使用することができる。その上、関連タンパク質、例えば、α5及び/又はβ1のポリペプチドフラグメントをマウスに感作するのに使用してもよい。例えば、ポリペプチドフラグメントはそれらの免疫原性を増強する担体分子に結合してもよい。当該担体分子は当技術分野において周知であり、そしてとりわけ鍵穴吸着ヘモシアニン、ウシ血清アルブミン、チログロブリン、ジフテリア毒素、及び破傷風トキソイドが含まれる。
本開示のヒトモノクローナル抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを生成するために、免疫マウスからの脾臓細胞及び/又はリンパ節細胞を分離し、マウス骨髄腫細胞系などの適切な不死化細胞系に融合することができる。結果として生じるハイブリドーマは、抗原特異的抗体の産生のためにスクリーニングすることができる。例えば、免疫マウスからの脾臓リンパ細胞の単細胞懸濁液は、50%PEGにより1/6の数のP3X63−Ag8.653非分泌性マウス骨髄腫細胞(ATCC、CRL 1580)に融合することができる。細胞を平底マイクロタイタープレートに、約2×105でプレートし、続いて20%胎仔クローン血清、18%「653」馴化培地、5%のOrigen(IGEN)、4mMLのグルタミン、1mMのピルビン酸ナトリウム、5mMのHEPES、0.055mMの2−メルカプトエタノール、50単位/mlのペニシリン、50mg/mlのストレプトマイシン、50mg/mlのゲンタマイシン及びIXHAT(Sigma;HATは融合後24時間添加する)を含む選択培地中で2週インキュベーションした。約2週後、細胞はHATがHTで置換された培地中で培養することができる。個々のウェルでは、次いで、ヒトモノクローナルIgM及びIgG抗体をELISAによってスクリーニングすることができる。拡大ハイブリドーマ増殖が起こると、培地は通常10〜14日後に観察し得る。抗体分泌ハイブリドーマは再プレートし、再びスクリーニングし、そしてヒトIgGに依然陽性ならば、モノクローナル抗体は限界希釈法により少なくとも2回サブクローニングできる。安定なサブクローンは、次いで、インビトロで培養して、特徴付けのために組織培養培地中に少量の抗体を生成し得る。
本開示の抗体は、例えば、当技術分野で周知の組み換えDNA技術及び遺伝子トランスフェクション法の組み合わせを用いて(例えば、Morrison, S. (1985) Science 229:1202)、宿主細胞トランスフェクトーマ中で生産することができる。
本開示の抗体又はその抗原結合部分は、例えば、標準的ELISAによりα5β1への結合を試験することができる。簡潔には、マイクロタイタープレートをPBS中0.25μg/mlで精製α5β1によりコーティングし、次いでPBS中5%ウシ血清アルブミンでブロックする。抗体の希釈液(例えば、α5β1免疫マウスの血漿の希釈液)を各ウェルに加えて、37℃で1〜2時間インキュベートする。プレートをPBS/Tweenで洗浄し、次いでアルカリ性ホスファターゼに結合した二次試薬(例えば、ヒト抗体に対して、ヤギ抗ヒトIgGFc特異的ポリクローナル試薬)により、37℃で1時間インキュベートする。洗浄後、プレートをpNPP基質(1mg/ml)で展開し、405〜650のODで分析する。好ましくは、最大タイターを呈するマウスが融合に使用し得る。
別の態様では、本開示は、細胞毒素、薬剤(例えば、免疫抑制薬)又は放射性毒素などの治療部分に結合した抗α5β1抗体、又はその抗原結合部分を特徴付ける。当該コンジュゲートは、本明細書では「イムノコンジュゲート」と呼ばれる。細胞毒素又は細胞毒性薬は、細胞に有害(例えば、殺細胞)であるいずれの薬剤をも含む。実例としては、タキソール、サイトカラシンB、グラミシジンD、エチジウムブロマイド、エメチン、マイトマイシン、エトポシド、テノポシド、ビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチン、コルヒチン、ドキソルビシン、ダウノルビシン、ジヒドロキシアントラセンジオン、ミトキサントロン、ミトラマイシン、アクチノマイシンD、1−デヒドロテストステロン、グルココルチコイド、プロカイン、テトラカイン、リドカイン、プロプラノロール、及びプロマイシン及びそのアナログ又はホモログが挙げられる。治療薬としては、例えば、代謝拮抗物質(例えば、メトトレキサート、6−メルカプトプリン、6−チオグアニン、シタラビン、5−フルオロウラシル、デカルバジン)、アルキル化剤(例えば、メクロレタミン、チオテパ、クロランブシル、メルファラン、カルムスチン(BSNU)及びロムスチン(CCNU)、シクロホスファミド、ブスルファン、ジブロモマンニトール、ストレプトゾトシン、マイトマイシンC、及びシス−ジクロロジアミン白金(II)(DDP)シスプラチン)、アントラサイクリン(例えば、ダウノルビシン(以前はダウノマイシン)及びドキソルビシン)、抗生物質(例えば、ダクチノマイシン(以前はアクチノマイシン)ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、及びアントラマイシン(AMC))、及び抗有糸分裂薬(例えば、ビンクリスチン及びビンブラスチン)も挙げられる。
別の態様では、本開示は、本開示の抗α5β1抗体又はそのフラグメントを含む二重特異性分子を特徴付ける。本開示の抗体又はその抗原結合部分は、少なくとも2つの異なる結合部位又は標的分子に結合する二重特異性分子を生成するために、別の機能性分子、例えば、別のペプチド又はタンパク質(例えば、別の抗体又は受容体のリガンド)に誘導体化又は結合することができる。本開示の抗体は、3つ以上の異なる結合部位及び/又は標的分子に結合する多重特異性分子を生成するために、実際に2つ以上の他の機能性分子に誘導体化又は結合してもよい;当該多重特異性分子は、本明細書で使用される用語「二重特異性分子」によって包含することをも意図している。本開示の二重特異性分子を作製するために、本開示の抗体は、二重特異性分子が生じるように、別の抗体、抗体フラグメント、ペプチド又は結合模倣薬などの、1つ又はそれ以上の他の結合分子に機能的に結合することができる(例えば、化学的結合、遺伝子融合、非共有結合性会合などによって)。
本開示の抗体、特にヒト抗体、抗体組成物及び方法は、α5β1媒介障害の診断及び処置に関わる多数のインビトロ及びインビボでの診断的及び治療的有用性を有する。例えば、これらの分子は、培養細胞に、インビトロ若しくは生体外で、又は被験者に、例えば、インビボで、種々の障害の処置、予防及び診断のために投与することができる。本明細書で使用される用語「対象」は、ヒト及び非ヒト動物を含むことを意図している。非ヒト動物は、すべての脊椎動物、例えば、非ヒト霊長類、ヒツジ、イヌ、ネコ、ウシ、ウマ、ニワトリ、両生動物、及び爬虫類などの哺乳動物及び非哺乳動物を含む。好ましい対象は、α5β1活性により媒介される障害を有するヒト患者を含む。本方法は、異常α5β1発現を伴う障害を有するヒト患者を処置するのに特に好適である。α5β1に対する抗体を別の薬剤と合わせて投与する場合、2つは順々に又は同時に投与することができる。
本開示に従う例証的な抗体は、以下のように調製され、選択され、そしてアッセイされた。
以下の免疫原をハイブリドーマ作成に使用した:精製組み換えヒトインテグリン−α5タンパク質−Fc;インテグリン−α5−His(R&D Systems、特注); ヒトα5を発現させるためにトランスフェクトしたNIH3T3細胞;ヒトインテグリンα5β1を自然発現するJurkat細胞系、U−937細胞系(ATCC Cat No CRL−1593)及びK−562細胞系(ATCC Cat No CCL−243)。
Cloning and Stem Cells, 4: 91-102に記載のように、ヒトミニ染色体を保有している。
α5β1を結合した抗体を生産するHuMabマウスを選択するために、完全長ヒトα5β1を発現する細胞系に結合して、そしてα5β1を発現しない対照細胞系に結合しない免疫マウスの血清を、フローサイトメトリー(FACS)によりスクリーニングした。簡潔に言えば、α5発現NIH3T3細胞を1:2に希釈した免疫マウスの血清でインキュベートした。細胞を洗浄して、特異的抗体結合をFlTC−標識抗ヒトIgGAbで検出した。フローサイトメトリー解析をFACSフローサイトメトリー装置(Becton Dickinson. San Jose, CA)で行なった。最大の力価の抗α5β1抗体を発現したマウスを融合に使用した。融合は下記のように行ない、そしてハイブリドーマ上清の抗α5β1活性をFACSにより試験した。
HuMabマウスから分離したマウス脾臓細胞及び/又はリンパ節リンパ球を、電気融合(E−融合、Cyto Pulse1 M technology, Cyto Pulse1 M Sciences, Inc., Glen Burnie. MD)を用いて、マウス骨髄腫細胞系、Sp2/0(ATCC、CRL−1581,Manassas, VA)に製造業者推奨プロトコールを用いて融合した。 簡潔に言えば、免疫マウスからの脾臓及び/又はリンパ節リンパ球の単細胞懸濁液を、E−融合を用いて同数のSp2/0非分泌マウス骨髄腫細胞に融合した。細胞を平底マイクロタイタープレートにおいて、約2×104脾臓細胞/ウェルでプレートし、そして10%ウシ胎仔血清、10%P388D1(ATCC、CRL−TIB−63)ならし培地、DMEM (Mediatech, Herndon, VA, Cat.No, CRL 10013)中3〜5%(IGEN)、+高グルコース、L−グルタミン及びピルビン酸ナトリウム)、5mMのHEPES、0.055mMの2−メルカプトエタノール、50mg/mlのゲンタマイシン及び1×HAT(Sigma, Cat. No. CRL -P- 7185)を含む選択培地中で10〜14日間インキュベートした。1〜2週間後、HATをHTで置換した培地中で細胞を培養した。細胞プレーティング後約10〜14日に、個々のウェルからの上清について、それらがヒトγ、κ抗体を含んでいるかどうかを最初にスクリーニングした。ヒトγ、κについてプラスにスコア化された場合、上清は続いてヒト抗α5β1についてFACS(上記の)によってスクリーニングした。
ハイブリドーマを分泌する抗体を24ウェルに移し、再びスクリーニングし、そしてヒト抗α5β1IgGモノクローナル抗体について陽性が確認された場合、限界希釈法により少なくとも2回サブクローニングした。安定なサブクローンは、次にインビトロで培養して、更なるキャラクタリゼーションのために組織培養液(tissue culture medium)中に少量の抗体を生成させた。上記の手順を用いて、本明細書に記載され「22B5」、「24C7」、「1D9」、及び「2D2」と命名した抗体を含む、幾つかの抗α5β1モノクローナル抗体を生産した。
22B5のモノクローナル抗体の重鎖及び軽鎖可変領域をコード化するcDNA配列は、標準的なPCR技術を用いて22B5ハイブリドーマから得られ、そして標準的なDNA配列決定法を用いて配列決定した。
本実施例では、IgGlDLE突然変異(22B5/DLE)を有する22B5ヒト抗α5βl抗体の結合特異性及び結合動力学を、Biacore解析によって調べた。また、結合特異性はフローサイトメトリー(FACS)によって調べた。
α5β1の細胞外ドメインに対する22B5/DLEの結合動力学及び名目上のアビディティを、Biacore解析(Biacore AB, Uppsala, Sweden)を用いて測定した。BIAcore動力学解析を行なうために、22B5/DLEをバイオセンサーチップ上に固定化し、そして種々の濃度のヒト組み換えα5β1細胞外ドメインを、その表面を25℃で流した(図3を参照)。結合データは、ドリフトするベースラインを有する単純1対1結合モデルに全体的にフィットした。22B5/DLEは可逆的にα5β1に結合した。ヒト組み換えα5β1細胞外ドメインに対する会合定数(KD)は、2.7〜4.1nMの範囲であった。二価カチオンの不存在下で測定した場合、KDはインテグリンのカチオン依存性活性化と一致してより大きかった。動力学的結合パラメータは、オンレートでは3.4×10-5から4.5×10-5M-1s-1、そしてオフレートでは1.2×10-3から1.4×10-3s-1の範囲であった(図3及び表1を参照)。
22B5/DLE抗体について、細胞表面インテグリンα5に対するその結合親和性を、内因性ヒトインテグリンα5β1発現細胞(HUVEC)を用いるFACSアッセイを使用して試験した。簡潔に言えば、細胞はトリプシン−EDTAを用いて剥離し、冷PBSで洗浄した。96ウェルプレート内に等分割した後、細胞を血清でブロックし、種々の濃度の特異的mAbと共に4℃にて1時間インキュベートした。続いて、細胞を洗浄し、R−PEフルオロフォア(fluorophore)と結合した抗ヒトκ二次抗体と共にインキュベートし、そしてFACSCaliburフローサイトメーターを用いて解析した。各サンプルについていずれのゲーティングをも適用することなく10,000イベントを集めた。KD測定のために、各サンプルのヒストグラムの幾何平均を算出し、mAb濃度の関数としてプロットした。2状態平衡モデルにフィッティングした後KDを算出した。22B5/DLEは、HUVEC中2.15nM(n=4)のKDで内因性のα5β1に結合した(図4を参照)。
IgG1DLE三重突然変異(実施例2で既に論じた)を含む22B5/DLEがFcγRsへの結合を増強する能力を、Biacore結合実験によって評価した。22B5/DLEのFcγR結合親和性を、野生型(wt)IgG1の結合親和性と比較した。試験したFcγRの3クラスは:1)高親和性受容体FcγRI;2)低親和性受容体FcγRIIa/131H及びFcγRIIa/131Rの2つの多型変異体;及び3)中間親和性受容体、FcγRIIIa/158F及びFcγRIIIa/158Vの2つの多型変異体であった。結果(図5に示され、そして表2に要約される)は、高親和性受容体FcγRIについて約6倍の増加を示した。中間親和性受容体FcγRIII/158F及び158Vへの結合について、それぞれ122倍及び70倍の増強が認められた。22B5/DLE及び野生型IgGlの結合親和性比較についても、マウスFcγ受容体に対して評価した。最大の結合増強は、mFcγRIVに対してであり、続いてmFcγRI、及びmFcγRIIIの順であった(図5を参照).
細胞接着阻止
22B5/DLEがインテグリンα5β1仲介細胞接着を遮断する能力を試験した。細胞接着アッセイは、抗体(22B5/DLE、22B5IgG1、IgG2及びIgG4サブクラス変異体、又は陰性対照mAb(BHA2IgG1))と共にHUVEC細胞をプレ・インキュベートすることによって行ない、続いてフィブロネクチン(FN)又はコラーゲンをコーティングしたプレートで平板培養した。HUVEC細胞(15,000)を接着緩衝液(グルコース及びウシ血清アルブミンを含むHepes緩衝化塩溶液)と室温で20分間混合した。細胞をフィブロネクチン又はコラーゲンでコーティングした96ウェルプレートに加え、そして37℃/5%CO2で1時間プレートに接着させた。非接着細胞は、各ウェルを3回洗浄することにより除去した。各ウェルに残った接着細胞量を測定した。接着細胞は、CyQUANT GR色素を含む緩衝剤の添加により溶解させ、そして蛍光をプレートリーダーによりEx/Em:485/535nmで測定した。図6に見られるように、機能遮断インテグリンα5β1mAbは、フィブロネクチンへのHUVEC接着を選択的に阻害したが、コラーゲン(陰性対照)への接着は阻害しなかった。図6に示されるように、22B5/DLE及びそのサブクラス変異体(野生型IgG1、IgG1DLE、IgG2、及びIgG4)についてのIC50は、この1時間アッセイにおいて類似していた。これらのデータは、α5及び/又はα5β1と抗体の結合がフィブロネクチンとインテグリンの結合を阻害することを示した。これらのデータは、更にα5β1が細胞の表面に発現する場合に抗体がα5β1と結合することを示した。即ち、抗体によって認識されるエピトープは、α5及びβ1鎖が会合する場合に利用可能であり、そしてエピトープはインテグリンが細胞表面に発現する場合に結合に利用可能である。
エフェクター機能活性を、標準的な方法を用いて、α5βl陽性標的細胞に対してヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)の存在下のADCCアッセイを通して評価した。さまざまな範囲の細胞系のインテグリンα5発現レベルは、以下のようにウェスタンブロット解析によって測定した。細胞は、プロテアーゼ(Roche)及びホスファターゼ阻害剤 (Calbiochem)を含むRIPA溶解緩衝液(Upstate)に溶解した。溶解物(それぞれ、総タンパク質の3μg) をSDS−PAGEゲルで電気泳動させ、そして抗インテグリンα5抗体でイムノブロッティングした。免疫反応性バンドを同定し、LI-COR BioscienceのOdyssey赤外線イメージングシステムで解析した。発現範囲の例を図7に示す。
内皮及び腫瘍細胞における増殖促進性、移動促進性及び生存活性促進性に加えて、インテグリンα5β1は、腫瘍細胞の管外遊出及び遠位臓器への移動を促進することによって腫瘍転移にも関与している。以下の検討は前臨床モデルにおける22B5/DLEの抗転移効力を実証することを目指した。
A549−Lucは、ルシフェラーゼ遺伝子でトランスフェクトした非小細胞肺がん(NSCLC)細胞系である。静脈内で移植した場合、それは優先的に肺に局在化し、これは生物発光画像法(BLI)によって測定することができる。本研究では、A549−Luc細胞(3×106/動物)を、その注射の前の2日適切な抗体の前投薬を受けたSCIDBALB/cマウスの尾静脈経由で静脈内注射した。移植後、動物に週1回8週まで投薬した。個々の動物の生物発光を週1回20週まで測定した。
24C7、1D9及び2D2モノクローナル抗体の重鎖及び軽鎖可変領域をコード化するcDNA配列は、標準的なPCR法を用いて(それぞれ)24C7、1D9、及び2D2ハイブリドーマから得られ、そして標準的なDNA配列決定法を用いて配列決定された。
本実施例では、IgG1DLE突然変異(即ち、「22B5G1DLE」、「22B5G1」、「1D9G1DLE」、「1D9G1」など)の有り及び無しで−IgG1サブクラスの22B5、24C7、1D9、及び2D2ヒト抗α5β1抗体の結合特異性を、蛍光活性化細胞選別(FACS)を用いるフローサイトメトリーで調べた。
22B5/DLE、24C7/DLE、1D9/DLE、及び2D2/DLE抗体について、細胞表面インテグリンα5へのそれらの結合親和性を、内因性インテグリンα5β1発現細胞(HUVEC)を用いる、FACSを使用して試験した。簡潔に言えば、細胞をトリプシン−EDTAを用いて剥離し、冷PBSで洗浄した。96−ウェルプレート内に等分割後、細胞を血清でブロックし、そして種々の濃度の特異的mAbと共に40℃で1時間インキュベートした。続いて、細胞を洗浄して、R−PEフルオロフォアと結合した抗ヒトκ二次抗体とインキュベートし、そしてFACSCaliburサイトメーターを用いて解析した。各サンプルについていずれのゲーティングも適用することなしに、10,000イベントを集めた。KD測定のために、各サンプルのヒストグラムの幾何平均を算出し、mAb濃度の関数としてプロットした。2状態平衡モデルにフィッティング後KDを算出した。結果を図11A及び11Bに示す。
エフェクター機能活性を、実施例6に前述したように、抗体依存性細胞仲介細胞傷害(ADCC)アッセイを通して評価した。典型的な腫瘍細胞系(U87MG)において、抗体1D9、1D9/DLE、2D2/DLE、22B5/DLE及び24C7/DLEについて、ADCC(80%標的細胞溶解まで)を促進するEC50値を図12に示す。
ADCC特異的応答を実証するために、ヒトモノクローナル抗体1D9/DLE (ヒト及びマウスα5β1に結合するがα5β1を機能的に中和しない)を、インタクトな免疫エフェクター細胞を有する同系マウスの腫瘍増殖阻害(TGI)モデルで試験した。特に、ADCC−仲介抗腫瘍活性を、マウス黒色腫B16F10細胞がα5β1を発現した同系マウスモデルで評価した。インテグリンα5発現マウス黒色腫系B16F10は高転移性で、静脈内1回注射で主として肺にコロニー形成する。腫瘍細胞を免疫コンピテントC57BL/6マウスに静脈内注射した。B16F10細胞(2×105/動物)に、その注射の前1日抗体(10mg/kg、n=10/群)を前投薬した同系宿主C57BL/6マウスに、尾静脈経由で注射した。動物に抗体を週1回、全部で3週間皮下投与した。動物を犠牲にしてその肺を21日目に切除した。
特許出願人は、アメリカン・タイプ・カルチャー・コレクション(ATCC)Manassas, VA 201 10-2209 U.S.A. により、本明細書において22B5と命名した抗体の重鎖及び軽鎖領域を寄託している。22B5VH領域は2008年7月16日に寄託され、ATCC寄託No.PTA−9377と割り当てられた。これらの寄託は、特許手続上の微生物の寄託の国際的承認に関するブタベスト条約及びそれに基づく規則(ブダペスト条約)の規定に従って行なわれた。これらの寄託は、30年、又は最新の請求後5年の期間、又は特許の有効期間のいずれか長い期間、ATCC寄託機関において制限なく維持され、そして寄託物がその期間中に生存しなくなった場合には差し替えられることになる。寄託された物質の利用可能性は、特許法に従っていずれの関係官庁の権限の下に付与された権利に違反して、本開示のいずれかの側面を実施するための実施許諾として解釈すべきではない。上記の書面による明細書は、当業者が本開示のすべての側面を実施することを可能にさせるのに十分であると考えられる。本開示は、寄託された実施態様が本開示の特定の側面の単一の例証を目的とするものであるから、寄託された物質によりその範囲が限定されるものではなく、そして機能的に同等のいずれの構築物も本開示の範囲内にある。本開示における物質の寄託は、本開示におけるベストモードを含む書面による説明が、本開示の任意の側面の実施を可能にするのに十分ではないという自白を構成するものではなく、そしてまた特許請求の範囲をそれが表わす格別な例証に限定するものと解釈すべきではない。実際に、本開示に示されそして記載されているものに加えて、本開示の種々の改変は、上記の説明から当業者には明らかとなり、そして添付の特許請求の範囲内に含まれるものである。
Claims (20)
- (a)1×10-7M以下のKDでヒトインテグリンα5β1に結合し;そして
(b)抗体依存性細胞傷害(ADCC)を誘導することができる;
分離されたモノクローナル抗体、又はその抗原結合部分。 - サブクラスIgG1の完全長ヒト抗体である、請求項1に記載の抗体。
- 抗体又は抗原結合部分が5×10-8M以下のKDでヒトインテグリンα5β1に結合する、請求項1に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合部分。
- 1×10-7M以下のKDでヒトインテグリンα5β1に結合し、そして配列番号7に記載のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一である重鎖可変領域を含む、分離されたモノクローナル抗体又はその抗原結合部分。
- 配列番号8に記載のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一である軽鎖可変領域を更に含む、請求項4に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合部分。
- (a)配列番号1を含む重鎖可変領域CDR1;
(b)配列番号2を含む重鎖可変領域CDR2;
(c)配列番号3を含む重鎖可変領域CDR3;
(d)配列番号4を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR1;
(e)配列番号5を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR2;及び
(f)配列番号6を含む軽鎖可変領域CDR3;
を含む、分離されたモノクローナル抗体又はその抗原結合部分。 - (a)配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖可変領域;及び
(b)配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖可変領域;
を含む、請求項6に記載の抗体又は抗原結合部分。 - 抗体がヒト完全長IgG1抗体であり、そしてここで抗体のFc領域の少なくとも1つのアミノ酸が突然変異し、そして更にここで該抗体は該少なくとも1つの該アミノ酸が突然変異していない同一抗体よりも大きいADCCを示す請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の抗体。
- 請求項8に記載の抗体であって、少なくとも1つの突然変異がセリン247、アラニン338、又はイソロイシン340のアミノ酸位置で起こる、上記抗体。
- 少なくとも1つの突然変異が、セリン247からアスパラギン酸(S247D)、アラニン338からロイシン(A338L)、及びイソロイシン340からグルタミン酸(I340E)から成る群から選択される、請求項9に記載の抗体。
- 抗体が突然変異S247D、A338L、及びI340Eを含む、請求項10に記載の抗体。
- 抗体が配列番号9に記載のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一である重鎖アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項6に記載の抗体。
- 抗体が配列番号10に記載のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一である軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項6に記載の抗体。
- 抗体が配列番号9に記載のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一である重鎖アミノ酸配列、及び配列番号10に記載のアミノ酸配列と少なくとも90%同一である軽鎖アミノ酸配列を含む、請求項6に記載の抗体。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の抗体又は抗原結合部分、及び薬学的に許容される担体を含む組成物。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の、任意の抗体の重鎖及び/又は軽鎖、又はその抗原結合部分をコード化する分離された核酸分子。
- 請求項16に記載の核酸分子を含む、発現ベクター。
- 請求項17に記載の発現ベクターを含む、宿主細胞。
- 請求項18に記載の宿主細胞において抗体又は抗原結合部分を発現させることを含む、抗α5β1抗体又はその抗原結合部分を調製する方法。
- 細胞を、腫瘍細胞の増殖を阻害するのに有効な量の請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の抗体又はその抗原結合部分と接触させることを含む、インテグリンα5β1を発現する腫瘍細胞の増殖を阻害する方法。
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EP2641612A1 (en) | 2013-09-25 |
US8039596B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 |
KR20100115360A (ko) | 2010-10-27 |
NZ587440A (en) | 2013-01-25 |
MX2010008570A (es) | 2010-08-30 |
RU2528736C2 (ru) | 2014-09-20 |
EP2650017A2 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
US20100330078A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
DK2240203T3 (da) | 2014-05-05 |
EP2240203B1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
US20140154268A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
AU2009212442C1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
BRPI0906387A2 (pt) | 2015-07-07 |
US8399647B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
RU2010136940A (ru) | 2012-03-20 |
WO2009100110A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
CO6290705A2 (es) | 2011-06-20 |
ZA201005124B (en) | 2011-03-30 |
US20120009622A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
AU2009212442B2 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
MY150246A (en) | 2013-12-31 |
ES2462690T3 (es) | 2014-05-26 |
CA2714071A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
CN101970006A (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
AU2009212442A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
IL207245A0 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
EP2650017A3 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
EP2240203A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
CN101970006B (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
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