JP2011500853A - 炎症性腸疾患および/または過敏性腸管症候群に対する処置としてのphy906の使用 - Google Patents
炎症性腸疾患および/または過敏性腸管症候群に対する処置としてのphy906の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2007年10月25日に出願された「Use of PHY906 as Treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and/or Irritable Bowel Syndrome」と題する米国仮特許出願第60/982,608号に対する利益を主張する。米国仮特許出願第60/982,608号は、その全体が本明細書中に参照として援用される。
炎症性腸疾患(IBD)は、大腸、場合によっては小腸、の炎症を示す状態の群を包含する。IBDの2つの主な形態は、クローン病および潰瘍性結腸炎(UC:ulcerative colitis)である。IBDの他のあまり一般的ではない症状は、コラーゲン蓄積大腸炎、リンパ球性大腸炎、虚血性大腸炎、空置結腸炎、ベーチェット症候群、感染性大腸炎、および不確定大腸炎である。診断は、一般的に、病変の生体組織検査を伴う大腸内視鏡検査によって行われる。
アミノサリチレート:
アミノサリチレートは、IBDの軽度〜中程度の症例の処置、並びに再発の予防および寛解の維持において有効である。当該製剤は、通常、経口または直腸内投与される。スルファサラジン(Azulfidine(登録商標))は、IBDに対して広く使用される第一のアミノサリチレートであり、軽度〜中程度の疾患を有する人々において寛解の達成および維持に対して有効である。当該製剤は、5−アミノサリチル酸(5−ASA:5−aminosalicylic acid)を腸管に送達するが、患者によっては、頭痛、吐気、食欲不振、嘔吐、発疹、発熱、および白血球数の減少などの好ましくない副作用を伴う場合がある。スルファサラジンは、服用の際に、男性の精子産生および生殖機能を減少させ得る。それは、まれな症例において膵臓炎に関連している。当該頭痛、吐気、および発疹は、腸管に5−ASAを送達するために必要なスルファピリジン部分の放出に起因していると考えられる。
コルチコステロイド:
速効性の抗炎症剤および免疫抑制剤として、コルチコステロイドは、50年間以上もの間、IBDの急性再燃を処置するために使用されてきた。以来、これらの強力な薬剤は、疾患に対する主要な処置であった。ほとんどの患者が、コルチコステロイドを使い始めた数日のうちに、症状の改善に気付く(6)。この群の医薬品は、経口内、直腸内、および静脈内(IV:intravenous)形態において利用され得る。コルチコステロイドは再燃の予防には有効でなく、したがって、IBDにおける維持療法にはほとんど使用されない。長期間の使用は、結果として副作用を生じるので、これらの薬剤は、寛解を達成するための短期間での使用に対してのみ推奨されるが、後者の症例にはあまり使用されない。中程度〜重度の活動性疾患を有する人々に対しては、経口コルチコステロイドとして、プレドニゾン(Deltasone(登録商標))、メチルプレドニゾロン(Medrol(登録商標))、およびヒドロコルチゾンが挙げられる。多くの場合、コルチコステロイドと共にアミノサリチレートが投与される。
免疫調整剤:
IBDは免疫系の過剰反応によって引き起こされると考えられるため、免疫調整剤は、この疾患の処置において重要な役割を果たしている(7)。これらの薬剤は、以下の特徴:(a)コルチコステロイド処置による副作用、(b)ステロイド依存性疾患、(c)アミノサリチレート、抗生物質、またはコルチコステロイドに応答しない、(d)抗生物質に応答しない会陰疾患、および(e)寛解の維持が必要、の1つを有する場合に使用される。これらの薬剤は、疾患の活動的な再燃の際の応答を速めるためにコルチコステロイドと組み合わせてもよい。
抗生物質:
IBDの原因として特定されている特定の伝染性物質はないが、抗生物質が、一次処置として頻繁に使用される(8)。抗生物質は、瘻孔(例えば、腸管のループの間、または腸管と隣接する器官、例えば皮膚、との間において)または肛門近くの再発性膿瘍を有するクローン病患者の長期療法として有効である。抗生物質によって首尾よく処置される活動性の疾患を有する患者は、維持療法としてこれらの治療を継続してもよい。一般的に、抗生物質は、中毒性巨大結腸症を例外として、UCを患っている患者に対して有用であるとは考えられていない。
生物製剤:
生物製剤がIBDにおける身体の炎症反応に干渉し得るための可能な標的としては、腫瘍壊死因子−α(TNF−α:tumor necrosis factor−alpha)、インターロイキン、接着分子、コロニー刺激性因子、および他のものが挙げられる(9)。生物学的療法は、これらのメカニズムを標的とするために、IBD処置において異なる利点を提供する。免疫系全体を抑圧し、その結果、主な副作用を生じる傾向のあるコルチコステロイドとは異なり、生物学的薬剤は、選択的に作用する。生物製剤は、IBDを有する人または大腸炎の動物モデルにおいて、不完全、欠損、または過剰であることが既にわかっている特定の酵素およびタンパク質を標的にする。
手術:
IBDのための上記の薬物療法の選択肢にもかかわらず、クローン病患者の66〜75%およびUC患者の25〜40%が、結局、手術を受けるだろう(10、11)。クローン病に対する手術は、疾患の位置に応じて変わる。それが小腸にある場合、病変部腸管の領域を正常な腸管の領域と交替することができる。活動的な疾患の領域は、狭まって、消化された食物の通過を遮断し得る狭窄症を形成する場合がある。病巣を切除する場合には、狭窄形成術がしばしば用いられる。この場合、狭窄した領域を広げて小腸を温存する。狭穿が長いか、またはお互いの近くに複数の狭窄がある場合は、切除および吻合が必要な場合もある。切除により数年は鎮静し得るが、吻合の部位またはその近くで疾患が再発する可能性がある。結腸に重度のクローン病を有する患者では、結腸切除が行われる場合がある。直腸が影響を受けていない場合、回腸の終端を直腸に再び接続してもよく、したがって、大便は正常に通過し得る。結腸および直腸の両方が影響を受けている場合には、直腸結腸切除術とそれに続く回腸造瘻術とを実施してもよい。クローン病患者の約25%が、結局、瘻孔および/または膿瘍を発症する。瘻孔が医薬品に無応答の場合には、影響を受けている腸管を切除することによってそれらを除去し、それに続いて吻合を行う。膿瘍は排膿しなければならず、場合によっては切除が必要である。長い間、UCに対する標準的な手術は、回腸造瘻術を伴う直腸結腸切除術であった。現在、最も一般的な手法は、肛門温存大腸切除術であり、これにより、患者は、術後も大便を肛門まで通すことが可能となる。手術後に再発し得るクローン病とは異なり、UCは、一度結腸を取り除くと「治癒する」。
2.過敏性腸管症候群
過敏性腸管症候群(IBS、痙攣性結腸)は、腹痛および排便習慣の変化を特徴とする機能性腸管障害である。IBDと異なり、IBSは臨床試験で確認される異常に関連していない。IBSの最も頻繁な症状は、排便習慣の変化に関連する下腹部痛および腹部膨満、並びに排便によって軽減される腹部不快感である。IBSは、下痢型(IBS−D)、便秘型(IBS−C)、または交互に大便パターンが入れ替わる(IBS−A)として分類され得る。時に、IBSは、以下の症状:発熱、嘔吐、急性下痢、および便培養検査陽性、の二つ以上を特徴とする感染症の後に急性の兆候を有し発症する場合があり、感染後IBS(IBS−PI:post−infective IBS)と呼ばれるこの形態は、IBS−Dが大半を占める。
3.腸管障害を処置するための伝統的中医学
植物抽出物の混合物は、疾患の管理のために世界中で広く使用されており、西側諸国においても徐々に受け入れられるようになってきている(35〜38)。薬草の伝統的中医学(TCM:Traditional Chinese Medicine)の使用は、複数の分子標的および細胞機序を通じて相互作用しかつ同時に作用する薬草調製物中の多くの化学成分に基づいている。これら複数の成分は様々な機能を果たし、あるものは有効性を担い、一方で、他のものは毒性を軽減したりまたはバイオアベイラビリティを増加させたりし得る。中国薬草処方は、おそらく最もよく知られている植物薬であり、何千年にもわたる人類の経験的観察に由来している。所定の中医学調製物の主張される適応症は、単一よりもむしろ複数である。これは驚くべきことではなく、処方中の多くの植物化学成分が、複数の標的および生物学的経路において作用を及ぼし得る。
ヒト組み換え型CHO細胞を、1mMのMnCl2および0.01%のウシ血清アルブミンを含む20mMのHEPES緩衝液pH7.4においてインキュベートし、PatacchiniおよびMaggiの方法に従ってリガンド0.25nM[3H]SR−140333と反応させた(70)。非特異的リガンドは、2μMのL−703606であった。IC50値は、Data Analysis Toolbox(商標) MDL Information Systems, San Leandro,CA)を使用して、非線形最小二乗回帰分析により特定した。Ki値は、ChengおよびPrusoffの式に従って計算した(71)。
Claims (17)
- Scutellaria、Glycyrrhiza、Ziziphus、およびPaeoniaを含有する薬草調製物を含む組成物の治療有効量を、処置を必要とする患者に投与する工程を含む、腸管障害を処置する方法。
- 前記腸管障害の複数の症状を処置する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記複数の症状が、内臓痛、腸管運動、炎症、下腹部痛、排便習慣の変化に関連する腹部膨満、排便によって軽減され得る腹部不快感、発熱、嘔吐、急性下痢、便培養検査陽性、およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される2つ以上の症状を含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記腸管障害が、炎症性腸疾患(IBD:inflammatory bowel disease)または過敏性腸管症候群(IBS:irritable bowel syndrome)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記炎症性腸疾患が、クローン病、潰瘍性大腸炎(UC:ulcerative colitis)、コラーゲン蓄積大腸炎、リンパ球性大腸炎、虚血性大腸炎、空置結腸炎、ベーチェット症候群、感染性大腸炎、不確定大腸炎、およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される状態を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記過敏性腸管症候群が、下痢型IBS、便秘型IBS、交互に大便パターンが入れ替わるIBS、感染後IBS、およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される状態を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1種のさらなる活性薬剤の治療有効量を、処置を必要とする前記患者に同時投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記さらなる活性薬剤が、アミノサリチレート、コルチコステロイド、免疫調整剤、抗生物質、生物製剤、およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記さらなる活性薬剤が、便柔軟剤、緩下剤、止痢剤、オピオイドまたはオピオイド類似体、三環系、選択的セロトニン再取り込み阻害剤、プロバイオティクス、およびそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- さらに鍼治療または手術を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- δ−オピオイドレセプターおよびタキキニンNK−1レセプターを、Scutellaria、Glycyrrhiza、Ziziphus、およびPaeoniaを含有する薬草調製物を含む組成物に接触させることにより、前記δ−オピオイドレセプターまたはタキキニンNK−1レセプターを阻害する方法。
- δ−オピオイドレセプターおよびタキキニンNK−1レセプターの両方の阻害を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 調節不能なδ−オピオイドレセプターまたはタキキニンNK−1レセプターに関連する疾患または状態を処置する方法であって、Scutellaria、Glycyrrhiza、Ziziphus、およびPaeoniaを含有する薬草調製物を含む組成物の治療有効量を、処置を必要とする患者に投与する工程を含む方法。
- 核内因子−カッパB(NF−κB)を、Scutellaria、Glycyrrhiza、Ziziphus、およびPaeoniaを含有する薬草調製物を含む組成物に接触させることによって前記NF−κBを阻害する方法。
- 前記NF−κBが、NF−κBの内在型または活性型である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 調節不能なNF−κBに関連する疾患または状態を処置する方法であって、Scutellaria、Glycyrrhiza、Ziziphus、およびPaeoniaを含有する薬草調製物を含む組成物の治療有効量を、処置を必要とする患者に投与する工程を含む方法。
- 前記薬草調製物が、Scutellaria、Glycyrrhiza、Ziziphus、およびPaeoniaから実質的に成る、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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WO2008101079A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Yale University | Herbal-composition phy906 and its use in chemotherapy |
AU2010276748A1 (en) * | 2009-07-30 | 2012-03-15 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Treatment of Crohn's disease with laquinimod |
CN103405527A (zh) * | 2013-08-08 | 2013-11-27 | 西南大学 | 改善鸡胃肠功能的中药组合物、提取液及其制剂和应用 |
KR20220113456A (ko) * | 2019-12-09 | 2022-08-12 | 예일 유니버시티 | 암의 재발을 예방하기 위한 조성물 및 방법 |
US11701399B2 (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2023-07-18 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Composition for modulating intestinal permeability and/or treating and/or preventing leaky gut related diseases, and method for modulating intestinal permeability and/or treating and/or preventing leaky gut related diseases |
CN113181252A (zh) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-30 | 广东省农业科学院动物卫生研究所 | 黄芩汤在制备治疗腹泻及改善肠道功能药物中的应用 |
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US20190117720A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
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