JP2011069775A - Method of inspecting secondary battery - Google Patents

Method of inspecting secondary battery Download PDF

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JP2011069775A
JP2011069775A JP2009222659A JP2009222659A JP2011069775A JP 2011069775 A JP2011069775 A JP 2011069775A JP 2009222659 A JP2009222659 A JP 2009222659A JP 2009222659 A JP2009222659 A JP 2009222659A JP 2011069775 A JP2011069775 A JP 2011069775A
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secondary battery
voltage
soc
discharge
temperature
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Hironobu Shimozawa
博信 下澤
Yuji Tanjo
雄児 丹上
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of inspecting a secondary battery, capable of improving accuracy of detecting minute short circuit. <P>SOLUTION: The method of inspecting a secondary battery includes a charge step of charging a secondary battery 1 to a first SOC, a leaving step of leaving the secondary battery for a long time period after the charge step, a discharge step of discharging the secondary battery to a second SOC lower than the first SOC after the leaving step, and a detection step of detecting minute short circuit of the secondary battery 1 by making a temperature of the secondary battery 1 to a battery temperature lower than a predetermined temperature after the discharge step. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、二次電池検査方法に関する。     The present invention relates to a secondary battery inspection method.

二次電池の初回充電を−２０℃から１５℃までの範囲で行い、金属不純物を電極上に局在化させて析出し、充放電を繰り返し、２５℃の環境下で二次電池をエイジングさせて、エイジング前後の電圧差から正極と負極とのマイクロショートを検出する二次電池の検査方法が知られている（特許文献１）。 The initial charge of the secondary battery is performed in the range from −20 ° C. to 15 ° C., and metal impurities are localized and deposited on the electrode. The charge / discharge is repeated, and the secondary battery is aged in an environment of 25 ° C. In addition, a secondary battery inspection method for detecting a micro short circuit between a positive electrode and a negative electrode from a voltage difference before and after aging is known (Patent Document 1).

特開２００５−２０９５２８号公報JP 2005-209528 A

しかしながら、従来の二次電池の検査方法では、二次電池の自己放電による電圧降下量と微小短絡を起因とする電圧降下量とを区別して判断することが難しく、微小短絡した二次電池の検出が困難な場合があった。 However, in the conventional secondary battery inspection method, it is difficult to distinguish between the voltage drop amount due to the self-discharge of the secondary battery and the voltage drop amount due to the micro short circuit. There were cases where it was difficult.

本発明は、エイジング工程後に、第１のＳＯＣより低い第２のＳＯＣまで放電し、所定の温度より低い環境温度の下で、二次電池の微小短絡を検出することによって上記課題を解決する。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problem by discharging to a second SOC lower than the first SOC after the aging process and detecting a micro short circuit of the secondary battery under an environmental temperature lower than a predetermined temperature.

本発明によればエイジング工程後に、第１のＳＯＣより低い第２のＳＯＣまで放電し、所定の温度より低い環境温度の下で、二次電池の微小短絡を検出するため、自己放電による電圧変化を抑えることができ、その結果、微小短絡の検知精度を向上させることができる。   According to the present invention, after the aging process, the battery is discharged to a second SOC lower than the first SOC, and a voltage change due to self-discharge is detected in order to detect a minute short circuit of the secondary battery under an environmental temperature lower than a predetermined temperature. As a result, it is possible to improve the accuracy of detecting a short circuit.

発明の実施形態に係る二次電池検査装置のブロック図である。1 is a block diagram of a secondary battery inspection device according to an embodiment of the invention. 本例の検査方法において、検査日数に対する電池電圧の特性を示す図である。In the inspection method of this example, it is a figure which shows the characteristic of the battery voltage with respect to the test days. 本例の検査方法において、ＳＯＣに対する二次電池の開放電圧の特性を示す図である。In the inspection method of this example, it is a figure which shows the characteristic of the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery with respect to SOC. 本例の放電工程において、放電時間に対する二次電池の電圧特性を示す。In the discharge process of this example, the voltage characteristic of the secondary battery with respect to the discharge time is shown. 本例の検査方法の検査手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the test | inspection procedure of the test | inspection method of this example. 他の発明の実施形態に係る検査方法において、電池電圧の収束時間に対する電解液の粘度の特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the characteristic of the viscosity of electrolyte solution with respect to the convergence time of a battery voltage in the test | inspection method which concerns on embodiment of other invention. 本例の検査方法において、電解液の粘度に対する放電電流の特性を示す図である。In the inspection method of this example, it is a figure which shows the characteristic of the discharge current with respect to the viscosity of electrolyte solution. 本例の検査方法の検査手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the test | inspection procedure of the test | inspection method of this example.

以下、発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

《第１実施形態》
図１は、本発明に係る二次電池検査装置のブロック図を示す。 << First Embodiment >>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a secondary battery inspection apparatus according to the present invention.

図１に示す二次電池検査装置は、検査対象となる二次電池１と、二次電池１の温度を管理する恒温室２と、二次電池１を充電及び放電する充放電手段３と、二次電池４の端子間電圧を検出する電圧センサ４と、二次電池の微小短絡（マイクロショート）を検出する検出手段５と、充放電手段３、検出手段５及び恒温室２を制御する制御手段６を有する。 The secondary battery inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a secondary battery 1 to be inspected, a temperature-controlled room 2 that manages the temperature of the secondary battery 1, charge / discharge means 3 that charges and discharges the secondary battery 1, Control for controlling the voltage sensor 4 for detecting the voltage across the terminals of the secondary battery 4, the detection means 5 for detecting a micro short circuit of the secondary battery, the charge / discharge means 3, the detection means 5 and the temperature-controlled room 2 Means 6 are provided.

二次電池１は、例えば非水系電解質二次電池（リチウムイオン電池）である。当該二次電池１の正極（図示しない）には、導電材（例えばカーボンブラック）と接着剤（例えばポリ四フッ化エンチレンの水性ディスパージョン）と正極活物質（例えばニッケル酸リチウム（ＬｉＮｉＯ２）、マンガン酸リチウム（ＬｉＭｎＯ２）、コバルト酸リチウム（ＬｉＣｏＯ２）などのリチウム複合酸化物や、カルコゲン（Ｓ、Ｓｅ、Ｔｅ）化物）を混合させたものが、アルミニウム箔などの金属箔に塗布され、形成される。また当該二次電池１の負極（図示しない）は、例えば非晶質炭素、難黒鉛化炭素、易黒鉛化炭素、または黒鉛などのように、正極活物質のリチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出する負極活物質に、有機物焼成体の前駆体材料としてのスチレンブタジエンゴム樹脂粉末の水性ディスパージョンを混合し、乾燥させたのち粉砕することで、炭素粒子表面に炭化したスチレンブタジエンゴムを担持させたものを主材料とし、これに、アクリル樹脂エマルジョンなどの結着剤を混合し、負極活性材を形成し、当該負極活性材を、集電体としてのニッケル箔或いは銅箔などの金属箔の両面に塗着、乾燥させ、圧延したのち所定の大きさに切断したものである。そして、当該正極と負極との間に、ポリエチレン（ＰＥ）やポリプロピレン（ＰＰ）などのポリオレフィン等から構成される微多孔性膜のセパレータを介在させて、有機液体溶媒に過塩素酸リチウム（ＬｉＣｌＯ４）、ホウフッ化リチウム（ＬｉＢＦ４）、六フッ化リン酸リチウム（ＬｉＰＦ６）、六フッ化砒素リチウム（ＬｉＡｓＦ６）などのリチウム塩を溶質として溶解させた液体である電解液を含浸させ、外装体で封止することにより、二次電池１が形成される。 The secondary battery 1 is, for example, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (lithium ion battery). The positive electrode (not shown) of the secondary battery 1 includes a conductive material (for example, carbon black), an adhesive (for example, an aqueous dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene), a positive electrode active material (for example, lithium nickelate (LiNiO2), manganese). A lithium composite oxide such as lithium oxide (LiMnO2) or lithium cobaltate (LiCoO2) or a mixture of chalcogen (S, Se, Te)) is applied to a metal foil such as an aluminum foil and formed. . Further, the negative electrode (not shown) of the secondary battery 1 has a negative electrode active material that occludes and releases lithium ions of the positive electrode active material, such as amorphous carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, graphitizable carbon, or graphite. Mainly, the material is mixed with an aqueous dispersion of styrene butadiene rubber resin powder as a precursor material of an organic fired body, dried and pulverized to carry carbonized styrene butadiene rubber on the surface of carbon particles. The material is mixed with a binder such as an acrylic resin emulsion to form a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of a metal foil such as a nickel foil or a copper foil as a current collector. It is dried, rolled, and then cut into a predetermined size. A microporous membrane separator made of polyolefin such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ) is added to the organic liquid solvent. ), Lithium borofluoride (LiBF 4 ), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium hexafluoroarsenide (LiAsF 6 ) and the like, impregnated with an electrolytic solution that is a liquid in which a lithium salt is dissolved as a solute, The secondary battery 1 is formed by sealing with a body.

なお、二次電池１の構成部品の上記各材料は、一例であって他の材料を用いてもよい。   In addition, each said material of the component of the secondary battery 1 is an example, and you may use another material.

充放電手段３は、充放電電圧を設定し、二次電池１を充電する際の充電電流及び二次電池１を放電する際の放電電流の大きさを設定することにより、二次電池１の充放電を制御する。   The charging / discharging means 3 sets the charging / discharging voltage, and sets the charging current when charging the secondary battery 1 and the magnitude of the discharging current when discharging the secondary battery 1. Control charge and discharge.

検出手段５は、電圧センサ４の検出電圧から二次電池１の電圧降下度を検出し、二次電池１の微小短絡を検出する。なお微小短絡の検出方法については後述する。   The detection means 5 detects the voltage drop degree of the secondary battery 1 from the detection voltage of the voltage sensor 4 and detects a minute short circuit of the secondary battery 1. A method for detecting a micro short circuit will be described later.

制御手段６は、充放電手段３による二次電池１の充電及び放電のタイミングを含めて充放電手段３を制御し、電圧センサ４の検出電圧から二次電池の充電状態（ＳＯＣ：Ｓｔａｔｅ ｏｆ Ｃｈａｒｇｅ）を把握し、二次電池１を放置する時間を管理する。また制御手段６は、恒温室２の温度の切替タイミング及び保温時間の設定を含めて恒温室２を制御する。   The control means 6 controls the charging / discharging means 3 including the timing of charging and discharging of the secondary battery 1 by the charging / discharging means 3, and determines the state of charge (SOC: State of Charge) of the secondary battery from the voltage detected by the voltage sensor 4. ) And the time for which the secondary battery 1 is left is managed. Moreover, the control means 6 controls the temperature-controlled room 2 including the temperature switching timing of the temperature-controlled room 2 and the setting of the heat retention time.

次に、図１及び図２を参照して、本例の二次電池検査方法を説明する。図２は、本例の検査方法において、検査経過日に対する電池電圧の特性を示すグラフである。   Next, with reference to FIG.1 and FIG.2, the secondary battery test | inspection method of this example is demonstrated. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the characteristics of the battery voltage with respect to the inspection elapsed date in the inspection method of this example.

本例の二次電池検査方法は、大きく４つの工程に分けられ、二次電池１を充電する充電工程（工程１）、二次電池１をエイジングする（放置する）工程（工程２）、二次電池１を通電させて放電する工程（工程３）及び二次電池１の微小短絡を検出する工程（工程４）に分けられる。なお、図２に示す工程１〜４は、当該工程１〜４に相当する。   The secondary battery inspection method of this example is roughly divided into four steps, a charging step for charging the secondary battery 1 (step 1), an aging step for the secondary battery 1 (step 2), and a second step. The secondary battery 1 is divided into a process of discharging by energizing (process 3) and a process of detecting a micro short circuit of the secondary battery 1 (process 4). Steps 1 to 4 shown in FIG. 2 correspond to the steps 1 to 4.

工程１について、充放電手段３は、二次電池１に対して充電電流を流し、定電圧充電を実施し、二次電池１の充電状態が１００％に近い状態になるまで、約２日間かけて、充電する。充電電流は、後述する工程３の放電工程における放電電流より高い電流が設定される。制御手段６は、電圧センサ４の検出電圧から、二次電池１の電池電圧を検出し、電池電圧が満充電状態（ＳＯＣ＝１００％）に相当する電圧に達した時点で充放電手段３を制御し、二次電池１の充電を終了する。これにより、初期充電を終了する。   About the process 1, the charging / discharging means 3 sends a charging current to the secondary battery 1, performs constant voltage charging, and takes about 2 days until the charged state of the secondary battery 1 becomes nearly 100%. And charge. The charge current is set higher than the discharge current in the discharge step of step 3 described later. The control means 6 detects the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1 from the detection voltage of the voltage sensor 4, and when the battery voltage reaches a voltage corresponding to the fully charged state (SOC = 100%), the charging / discharging means 3 is turned on. And the charging of the secondary battery 1 is terminated. Thereby, the initial charging is finished.

次に工程２において、制御手段６は、所定の温度条件の下、二次電池１を非通電の状態で、約１２日間、恒温室２内で、放置する。この際、二次電池１のＳＯＣは、工程１の終了時のＳＯＣである、約１００％前後で保持される。   Next, in step 2, the control means 6 leaves the secondary battery 1 in the temperature-controlled room 2 for about 12 days in a non-energized state under a predetermined temperature condition. At this time, the SOC of the secondary battery 1 is maintained at about 100%, which is the SOC at the end of step 1.

ところで、異物金属が二次電池１内に混入されていると、電解液に接触している異物金属は溶解しイオン化し負極に誘導され、負極表面に析出される。そして析出跡はセパレータを介して正極まで到達することにより、微小短絡が発生する。かかる微小短絡が二次電池１の出荷後に発生しないよう、本例は、工程１及び工程２の工程により、電池電圧及び温度を調整することで、当該異種金属が短絡し易い環境を作り、異物金属が混入している二次電池１を短絡させて、以下の工程３及び４により、当該微小短絡を検出する。   By the way, when the foreign metal is mixed in the secondary battery 1, the foreign metal in contact with the electrolytic solution is dissolved, ionized, guided to the negative electrode, and deposited on the negative electrode surface. Then, the trace of precipitation reaches the positive electrode via the separator, thereby causing a minute short circuit. In order to prevent such a short circuit from occurring after the secondary battery 1 is shipped, the present example creates an environment in which the dissimilar metal is easily short-circuited by adjusting the battery voltage and temperature in the steps 1 and 2, and the foreign matter. The secondary battery 1 in which the metal is mixed is short-circuited, and the minute short circuit is detected by the following steps 3 and 4.

工程３において、充放電手段３は、二次電池１を通電させて、二次電池１を約６日間かけて放電し、二次電池１のＳＯＣが約０パーセントの状態になる充電末期まで放電する。この際、放電電流は、工程１の充電工程における充電電流より低い電流である。また、放電工程は、二次電池１を通電させて、ＳＯＣを減少させる工程と、通電を終了し、電池電圧を安定化させる工程とを含む。   In step 3, the charging / discharging means 3 energizes the secondary battery 1, discharges the secondary battery 1 over about 6 days, and discharges until the end of charge when the SOC of the secondary battery 1 becomes about 0 percent. To do. At this time, the discharging current is lower than the charging current in the charging step of step 1. Further, the discharging step includes a step of energizing the secondary battery 1 to reduce the SOC, and a step of terminating the energization and stabilizing the battery voltage.

ここで、充電末期状態における、二次電池１の開放電圧特性を、図３を用いて説明する。図３は、ＳＯＣに対する二次電池の開放電圧の特性を示すグラフである。図３に示すように、二次電池１が放電され、ＳＯＣが約１０パーセントになるまでは、比較的なだらかな降下度で開放電圧が減少するが、約１０パーセントより低くなると、電圧が急に下降し、ＳＯＣ１０パーセントより高いＳＯＣにおける電圧降下度より大きい降下度で減少する。なお、降下度は電圧の減少する割合を示しており、図３に示すグラフの傾きに相当する。すなわち、ＳＯＣが１０％以下の領域では、電圧変化が大きくなる。また当該領域において、二次電池１内に微小短絡が生じている場合、当該微小短絡による電圧変化も大きくなるため、電圧の変化量を検出し易くなる。そのため、本例は、電圧変化を検出しやすい領域である、ＳＯＣが１０％以下の領域まで、二次電池１の放電を行い、微小短絡を検知する。   Here, the open-circuit voltage characteristics of the secondary battery 1 in the end-of-charge state will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the characteristics of the open-circuit voltage of the secondary battery with respect to the SOC. As shown in FIG. 3, until the secondary battery 1 is discharged and the SOC becomes about 10%, the open circuit voltage decreases with a relatively gentle drop, but when the SOC becomes lower than about 10%, the voltage suddenly increases. Decrease and decrease at a drop rate greater than the voltage drop rate at SOC higher than 10 percent SOC. The degree of drop indicates the rate of voltage decrease, and corresponds to the slope of the graph shown in FIG. That is, the voltage change is large in the region where the SOC is 10% or less. In addition, in the region, when a micro short circuit occurs in the secondary battery 1, a voltage change due to the micro short circuit also increases, so that it is easy to detect the voltage change amount. For this reason, in this example, the secondary battery 1 is discharged to a region where the SOC is 10% or less, which is a region where voltage change is easy to detect, and a minute short circuit is detected.

次に、工程３における、放電電流の大きさと放電時間について、図４を用いて説明する。図４は、工程３において、放電時間に対する二次電池の電圧特性を示すグラフである。（ａ）は、放電電流が小さい場合のグラフを示し、（ｂ）は、（ａ）の放電電流より大きい放電電流の場合のグラフを示す。二次電池の電圧は、二次電池からの放電電流の通電が終わる時に最も低くなり、通電終了後、時間と共に安定化する。二次電池１からの通電が終了すると、電池内の活物質が拡散し始め、やがて安定する。この間、二次電池１は不安定な状態であり電圧が定まらず、時間の経過によって電圧は安定し、二次電池１は安定状態となる。（ａ）及び（ｂ）を比較して、充電電流が大きい場合、二次電池１の電圧が最下点に達するまでの時間は短くなり、充電電流が小さい場合、二次電池１の電圧が最下点に達する時間は長くなる。すなわち、放電電流の大きくすれば、ＳＯＣが放電末期状態に達するまでの時間を短くすることができ、放電電流を通電する通電時間を短くすることができる。その一方で、二次電池１の内部抵抗の影響によって、充電電流が大きい場合、最下点の電圧は低くなり、さらに電圧降下後の電圧上昇が大きくなるため、不安定な状態の電圧が安定状態に収束するまでの収束時間が長くなる。また充電電流が小さい場合、最下点の電圧は高くなり、電圧降下後の電圧上昇が小さくなるため、不安定な状態の電圧が安定状態に収束するまでの収束時間は短くなる。   Next, the magnitude of the discharge current and the discharge time in step 3 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the voltage characteristics of the secondary battery with respect to the discharge time in step 3. (A) shows a graph when the discharge current is small, and (b) shows a graph when the discharge current is larger than the discharge current of (a). The voltage of the secondary battery becomes the lowest when energization of the discharge current from the secondary battery ends, and stabilizes with time after the energization is completed. When energization from the secondary battery 1 is completed, the active material in the battery starts to diffuse and eventually stabilizes. During this time, the secondary battery 1 is in an unstable state, the voltage is not determined, the voltage is stabilized over time, and the secondary battery 1 is in a stable state. When comparing (a) and (b), when the charging current is large, the time until the voltage of the secondary battery 1 reaches the lowest point is shortened. When the charging current is small, the voltage of the secondary battery 1 is The time to reach the lowest point is longer. That is, if the discharge current is increased, the time until the SOC reaches the end-of-discharge state can be shortened, and the energization time for supplying the discharge current can be shortened. On the other hand, when the charging current is large due to the influence of the internal resistance of the secondary battery 1, the voltage at the lowest point is lowered, and the voltage rise after the voltage drop is increased, so that the unstable voltage is stable. The convergence time until the state converges becomes longer. When the charging current is small, the voltage at the lowest point is high and the voltage increase after the voltage drop is small, so that the convergence time until the unstable voltage converges to the stable state is shortened.

本例は、検査対象となる二次電池１の性質に応じて、工程３における、当該通電時間と当該収束時間との和が最小になるよう調整して、放電電流の大きさを設定する。これにより、放電開始時から二次電池１の電池電圧が安定するまでの時間を短くする。   In this example, the magnitude of the discharge current is set by adjusting the sum of the energization time and the convergence time in step 3 according to the property of the secondary battery 1 to be inspected. Thereby, the time from the start of discharge until the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1 is stabilized is shortened.

図１及び図２に戻り、工程４において、制御手段６は、恒温室２の温度を設定して、二次電池１の温度を、工程１〜３における電池温度より低くする。そして、二次電池１の電池温度が、設定温度まで低くなったら、制御手段６は、所定期間（本例では約８日間）の電圧降下度と、微小短絡を判定するための基準となる基準電圧降下度とを比較し、当該電圧降下度が当該基準降下度より大きい場合、微小短絡が発生したと判断する。基準降下度は、検出のための設定温度の下、微小短絡が生じている場合の電圧の降下度であって、二次電池１の性質によって予め設定されている値である。   Returning to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in step 4, the control means 6 sets the temperature of the temperature-controlled room 2 and makes the temperature of the secondary battery 1 lower than the battery temperature in steps 1 to 3. Then, when the battery temperature of the secondary battery 1 is lowered to the set temperature, the control means 6 determines the voltage drop degree for a predetermined period (about 8 days in this example) and a reference that is a reference for determining a minute short circuit. When the voltage drop degree is compared with the reference drop degree, it is determined that a micro short circuit has occurred. The reference drop degree is a voltage drop degree when a micro short-circuit occurs at a preset temperature for detection, and is a value set in advance depending on the nature of the secondary battery 1.

次に、二次電池の１の自己放電に伴う電圧降下と、微小短絡により生じる電圧降下との関係について、説明する。   Next, the relationship between the voltage drop caused by the self-discharge of the secondary battery 1 and the voltage drop caused by the minute short circuit will be described.

二次電池１は、自己放電することにより、電池電圧が下がる性質を有している。自己放電は、二次電池１内の活性物質が自発的に拡散することにより発生するが、活性物質の拡散は、二次電池１の電池温度を低くすることにより抑制することができる。一方、微小短絡に生じる電圧降下は、自己放電による電圧降下の温度依存性と比べて温度に影響されにくく、電池温度を低くしても、二次電池１内で微小短絡が発生していれば、電圧は降下する。   The secondary battery 1 has a property that the battery voltage is lowered by self-discharge. The self-discharge occurs when the active substance in the secondary battery 1 spontaneously diffuses, but the diffusion of the active substance can be suppressed by lowering the battery temperature of the secondary battery 1. On the other hand, the voltage drop caused by the micro short circuit is less affected by the temperature than the temperature dependence of the voltage drop due to self-discharge. Even if the battery temperature is lowered, if the micro short circuit occurs in the secondary battery 1 The voltage drops.

本例により工程４で設定される温度は、自己放電による電圧変化が微小短絡による電圧変化より小さくなる温度よりも低く設定される。これにより、微小短絡に起因する電圧の変化量を検出し易くすることができる。 In this example, the temperature set in step 4 is set lower than the temperature at which the voltage change due to self-discharge is smaller than the voltage change due to the micro short circuit. Thereby, it is possible to easily detect the amount of change in voltage due to the minute short circuit.

次に、図５を用いて本例の二次電池検査方法の検査手順を説明する。図５は、本例の二次電池検査方法の検査手順を示すフローチャートである。   Next, the inspection procedure of the secondary battery inspection method of this example will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the inspection procedure of the secondary battery inspection method of this example.

本例の検査方法が開始されると、ステップＳ１にて、二次電池１のＳＯＣが約１００％（第１のＳＯＣ）に達するまで充電を行う。ステップＳ２にて、第１のＳＯＣを保持しながら、エイジング処理（第１のエイジング）を行う。次に、二次電池１を放電させて、二次電池１のＳＯＣを約０％に近いＳＯＣ（第２のＳＯＣ）まで下げる（ステップＳ３）。ステップＳ４にて、二次電池１の電池温度を低下させて、ステップ５にて、低下した温度の下、エイジング処理（第２のエイジング）を行う。   When the inspection method of this example is started, charging is performed until the SOC of the secondary battery 1 reaches about 100% (first SOC) in step S1. In step S2, an aging process (first aging) is performed while holding the first SOC. Next, the secondary battery 1 is discharged, and the SOC of the secondary battery 1 is lowered to an SOC (second SOC) close to about 0% (step S3). In step S4, the battery temperature of the secondary battery 1 is decreased, and in step 5, an aging process (second aging) is performed under the decreased temperature.

次に、ステップ６にて、エイジング処理中の所定時間に対する電圧の変化量である電圧降下度を検出する。ステップ７にて、検出した電圧降下度と基準電圧降下度とを比較する。電圧降下度が基準電圧降下度より高い場合、微小短絡が発生したと判断され（ステップＳ８１）、本例の検査を終了する。一方、電圧降下度が基準電圧降下度より低い場合、微小短絡が発生していないと判断され（ステップＳ８２）、本例の検査を終了する。   Next, in step 6, a voltage drop degree that is a change amount of the voltage with respect to a predetermined time during the aging process is detected. In step 7, the detected voltage drop degree is compared with the reference voltage drop degree. If the voltage drop degree is higher than the reference voltage drop degree, it is determined that a micro short-circuit has occurred (step S81), and the inspection of this example ends. On the other hand, when the voltage drop degree is lower than the reference voltage drop degree, it is determined that a micro short-circuit has not occurred (step S82), and the inspection of this example ends.

上記のように、本例の二次電池検査方法は、二次電池１を充電し、エイジング処理をした後に、電圧の変化量が大きい、ＳＯＣの領域まで二次電池１を放電し、さらに電池温度を、充放電時又はエイジング処理時の電池温度より低い温度にして、微小短絡を検出する。これにより、微小短絡による電圧変化を検出し易くし、また自己放電による影響を受けにくい状態で微小短絡に起因する電圧変化を精度よく検出することができる。その結果として、微小短絡の発生を精度よく検出することができる。   As described above, in the secondary battery inspection method of this example, after the secondary battery 1 is charged and subjected to the aging process, the secondary battery 1 is discharged to the SOC region where the amount of change in voltage is large. The temperature is set to a temperature lower than the battery temperature during charging / discharging or aging treatment, and a micro short circuit is detected. As a result, it is possible to easily detect a voltage change due to a micro short circuit, and to accurately detect a voltage change due to the micro short circuit in a state where it is not easily affected by self-discharge. As a result, it is possible to accurately detect the occurrence of a minute short circuit.

また本例は、工程３において、放電後の二次電池１のＳＯＣが充電末期のＳＯＣとなるよう、放電処理を行う。これにより、二次電池１のＳＯＣを電圧降下度が顕著に変わる領域に、設定することができるため、検出精度を向上させることができる。   Further, in the present example, in step 3, the discharging process is performed so that the SOC of the secondary battery 1 after discharging becomes the SOC at the end of charging. Thereby, since the SOC of the secondary battery 1 can be set in a region where the voltage drop degree changes significantly, the detection accuracy can be improved.

また本例は、工程３において、工程１の充電電流より低い放電電流で、二次電池１を放電させる。これにより、放電電流の通電終了時の電圧降下を低く抑えることができ、降下後の電圧のはね上がりによる不安定な電圧挙動の期間を短くすることができる。その結果として、不安定な電圧挙動の期間を早く収束させて、研修制度を向上させつつ、検査時間の短縮化を図ることができる。   In this example, in step 3, the secondary battery 1 is discharged with a discharge current lower than the charging current in step 1. As a result, the voltage drop at the end of energization of the discharge current can be kept low, and the period of unstable voltage behavior due to the rise of the voltage after the drop can be shortened. As a result, it is possible to shorten the inspection time while converging the unstable voltage behavior period early and improving the training system.

また本例は、工程３において、放電電流を通電する通電時間と、通電後に電圧が不安定な状態から安定な状態へ収束するまでの収束時間との和が最小時間になるよう、放電電流を設定する。上記のように充電電流の大きさ、又は、通電時間と、収束時間とは、トレードオフの関係になるため、充電電流の大きさを最適化することで、工程３の全体の工程時間を短くすることができる。その結果として、本例は、検査時間を短くすることができる。   Further, in this example, in step 3, the discharge current is set so that the sum of the energization time for energizing the discharge current and the convergence time until the voltage converges from the unstable state to the stable state after energization is minimized. Set. As described above, since the magnitude of the charging current or the energization time and the convergence time are in a trade-off relationship, the entire process time of the process 3 can be shortened by optimizing the magnitude of the charging current. can do. As a result, this example can shorten the inspection time.

なお、本例は工程４において、電圧降下度を用いて微小短絡を検出するが、電圧値により検出してもよい。すなわち、制御手段は、微小短絡により降下した電圧値を基準電圧値として予め保持しており、工程４において、電池電圧と基準電圧値とを比較し、電池電圧が基準電圧より低い場合、微小短絡が発生したと判断する。   In this example, in step 4, the voltage short-circuit is detected using the degree of voltage drop, but it may be detected by the voltage value. That is, the control means holds in advance the voltage value dropped due to the micro short circuit as the reference voltage value, and compares the battery voltage with the reference voltage value in step 4, and if the battery voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the micro short circuit Is determined to have occurred.

なお、本例の「工程１」が本発明の「充電工程」に相当し、「工程２」が「放置工程」、「工程３」が「放電工程」、「工程４」が「検出工程」に相当する。   In this example, “Step 1” corresponds to “Charging step” of the present invention, “Step 2” is “Left step”, “Step 3” is “Discharge step”, and “Step 4” is “Detection step”. It corresponds to.

《第２実施形態》
発明の他の実施形態に係る二次電池検査方法を図６〜図８を用いて説明する。 << Second Embodiment >>
A secondary battery inspection method according to another embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

本例は上述した第１実施形態に対して、ステップ３の放電工程における、放電電流を設定する方法が異なる。これ以外の構成で上述した第１実施形態と同じ構成は、その記載を適宜、援用する。図６は、電池電圧の収束時間に対する電解液の粘度の特性を示すグラフであり、図７は、電解液の粘度に対する放電電流の特性を示すグラフである。また図８は、本例の検査方法の検査手順を示すフローチャートである。 This example is different from the first embodiment described above in the method of setting the discharge current in the discharge process of step 3. The description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment described above in other configurations is incorporated as appropriate. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the characteristics of the electrolyte viscosity with respect to the battery voltage convergence time, and FIG. 7 is a graph showing the characteristics of the discharge current with respect to the electrolyte viscosity. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the inspection procedure of the inspection method of this example.

本例の検査方法のうち、放電工程で設定される放電電流は、図６及び図７に示す特性から、制御手段６により設定される。放電終了時の不安定な電圧が安定な状態に収束するまでの収束時間は、上記の通り、二次電池１内を拡散する活物質が安定化する時間と関係する。そして、活物質が安定化するために要する時間は、電解質の粘度に対して、図６に示す特性を有している。粘度が低い電解液中において、活物質は拡散しにくく、粘度が高い電解液中において、活物質は拡散し易い。そのため、電解液の粘度が高い方が、活物質は拡散し易く、その分、電池電圧の安定化に時間を要する。また、当該特性は、二次電池１の性質によって、予め決まる特性である。   In the inspection method of this example, the discharge current set in the discharge process is set by the control means 6 from the characteristics shown in FIGS. As described above, the convergence time until the unstable voltage at the end of discharge converges to a stable state is related to the time during which the active material diffusing in the secondary battery 1 is stabilized. The time required for stabilizing the active material has the characteristics shown in FIG. 6 with respect to the viscosity of the electrolyte. In the electrolytic solution having a low viscosity, the active material hardly diffuses, and in the electrolytic solution having a high viscosity, the active material easily diffuses. Therefore, the higher the viscosity of the electrolytic solution, the easier the active material diffuses, and accordingly, it takes time to stabilize the battery voltage. Further, the characteristics are predetermined characteristics depending on the properties of the secondary battery 1.

粘度が高い場合、収束時間が長くなる特性を有するため、本例は、図７を参照して粘度が高い場合、大きい放電電流が設定される。これにより、粘度が高い分、長い収束時間が設定されているため、放電電流を大きくして、放電時間を短縮化する。一方、粘度が低い場合、収束時間が短くなる特性を有するため、本例は、図７を参照し粘度が低い場合、小さい放電電流が設定される。これにより、粘度が低い分、短い収束時間が設定されているため、放電電流を小さくして、放電時間に時間をかけるようにする。   Since the convergence time becomes longer when the viscosity is high, a large discharge current is set in this example when the viscosity is high with reference to FIG. Thereby, since the long convergence time is set for the higher viscosity, the discharge current is increased and the discharge time is shortened. On the other hand, since the convergence time is shortened when the viscosity is low, in this example, a small discharge current is set when the viscosity is low with reference to FIG. Thereby, since the short convergence time is set because the viscosity is low, the discharge current is reduced and the discharge time is increased.

次に、図８を用いて本例の二次電池検査方法の検査手順を説明する。なお、ステップＳ３の前後のステップは、第１実施形態と同様のため、省略する。   Next, the inspection procedure of the secondary battery inspection method of this example will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the steps before and after step S3 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are therefore omitted.

ステップＳ２の後、ステップＳ３１にて、収束時間が設定される。そして、図６に示す特性により、当該収束時間に対応する電解液の粘度にするために、電池の温度を設定する（ステップＳ３２）。電解液の粘度は、電池温度の依存性を有しているため、恒温室２の温度を設定することにより、所望の電解質粘度を得ることができる。そして、ステップＳ３３にて、図７に示す特性により、放電電流が設定される。ステップＳ３４にて、当該放電電流により二次電池１を通電し、第２のＳＯＣになるまで放電処理が行われる。   After step S2, a convergence time is set in step S31. Then, the temperature of the battery is set in order to obtain the viscosity of the electrolytic solution corresponding to the convergence time according to the characteristics shown in FIG. 6 (step S32). Since the viscosity of the electrolytic solution is dependent on the battery temperature, a desired electrolyte viscosity can be obtained by setting the temperature of the temperature-controlled room 2. In step S33, the discharge current is set according to the characteristics shown in FIG. In step S34, the secondary battery 1 is energized with the discharge current, and a discharge process is performed until the second SOC is reached.

上記のように本例は、工程３の全体の工程時間を短くするために、設定された収束時間から、最適となる電解液の粘度と放電電流を設定する。これにより、本例は、検査時間を短くすることができる。   As described above, in this example, in order to shorten the entire process time of the process 3, the optimum viscosity and discharge current of the electrolytic solution are set from the set convergence time. Thereby, this example can shorten inspection time.

１…二次電池
２…恒温室
３…充放電手段
４…電圧センサ
５…検出手段
６…制御手段 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Secondary battery 2 ... Constant temperature chamber 3 ... Charging / discharging means 4 ... Voltage sensor 5 ... Detection means 6 ... Control means

Claims (8)

第１のＳＯＣまで二次電池を充電する充電工程と、
前記充電工程の後に、前記二次電池を所定時間放置する放置工程と、
前記放置工程の後に、前記第１のＳＯＣより低い第２のＳＯＣまで放電する放電工程と、
前記放電工程の後に、前記二次電池を所定の温度より低い電池温度にして、前記二次電池の微小短絡を検出する検出工程とを含むことを特徴とする
二次電池検査方法。 A charging step of charging the secondary battery up to the first SOC;
A leaving step of leaving the secondary battery for a predetermined time after the charging step;
A discharge step of discharging to a second SOC lower than the first SOC after the leaving step;
And a detection step of detecting a micro short circuit of the secondary battery by setting the secondary battery to a battery temperature lower than a predetermined temperature after the discharging step. 前記第２のＳＯＣは、放電末期のＳＯＣであることを特徴とする
請求項１記載の二次電池検査方法。 The secondary battery inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the second SOC is an end-of-discharge SOC. 前記放電工程において、前記二次電池の電圧特性は、ＳＯＣの減少と共に、第１の電圧降下度で下降し、所定のＳＯＣを境に当該第１の電圧降下度より大きい第２の電圧降下度で下降し、
前記第２のＳＯＣは、前記第２の電圧降下度で下降する領域内のＳＯＣであることを特徴とする
請求項１又は２記載の二次電池検査方法。 In the discharging step, the voltage characteristic of the secondary battery decreases with a decrease in SOC at a first voltage drop degree, and a second voltage drop degree larger than the first voltage drop degree at a predetermined SOC. Descends at
3. The secondary battery inspection method according to claim 1, wherein the second SOC is an SOC in a region that decreases at the second voltage drop degree. 4. 前記検出工程において、前記電池温度の二次電池の自己放電による電圧変化は、前記二次電池の微小短絡による電圧変化より小さいことを特徴とする
請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池検査方法。 The voltage change due to self-discharge of the secondary battery at the battery temperature is smaller than the voltage change due to a minute short circuit of the secondary battery in the detection step. Secondary battery inspection method. 前記検出工程において、前記二次電池の自己放電による電圧変化が前記二次電池の微小短絡による電圧変化より小さくなる温度よりも低い温度が前記電池温度として設定されることを特徴とする
請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池検査方法。 2. The battery temperature is set as a temperature lower than a temperature at which a voltage change due to self-discharge of the secondary battery is smaller than a voltage change due to a minute short circuit of the secondary battery in the detection step. The secondary battery inspection method as described in any one of -3. 前記放電工程の放電電流は、前記充電工程の充電電流より小さいことを特徴とする
請求項１〜５のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池検査方法。 The secondary battery inspection method according to claim 1, wherein a discharging current in the discharging step is smaller than a charging current in the charging step. 前記放電工程において、放電電流を通電する通電時間と、前記通電時間の終了時の不安定状態の電圧が安定状態に収束するまでの収束時間との和が最小になる、前記放電電流が設定されることを特徴とする
請求項１〜６のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池検査方法。 In the discharging step, the discharge current is set such that the sum of the energizing time for energizing the discharging current and the convergence time until the unstable voltage at the end of the energizing time converges to a stable state is set. The secondary battery inspection method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: 放電終了時の不安定状態の電圧が安定状態に収束する収束時間を設定する工程と、
前記収束時間に基づいて前記二次電池に含まれる電解液の粘度を設定する工程と、前記粘度に基づいて放電電流を設定する放電電流設定工程とをさらに含み、
前記放電工程は、前記放電電流設定工程により設定される放電電流により放電することを特徴とする
請求項１〜７のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池検査方法。 Setting a convergence time for the unstable voltage at the end of discharge to converge to a stable state;
Further comprising: setting a viscosity of the electrolyte contained in the secondary battery based on the convergence time; and a discharge current setting step for setting a discharge current based on the viscosity;
The secondary battery inspection method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the discharging step is performed by a discharge current set by the discharge current setting step.
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