JP2011013237A - 可変性バルブ装置および方法 - Google Patents
可変性バルブ装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011013237A JP2011013237A JP2010237637A JP2010237637A JP2011013237A JP 2011013237 A JP2011013237 A JP 2011013237A JP 2010237637 A JP2010237637 A JP 2010237637A JP 2010237637 A JP2010237637 A JP 2010237637A JP 2011013237 A JP2011013237 A JP 2011013237A
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Abstract
【解決手段】可変性バルブ構造を有する試料プロセッシングデバイスおよびその使用法を開示する。このバルブ構造によって、プロセスチャンバー内に位置する試料材料の選択された部分の除去が可能となる。選択された部分の除去は、バルブセプタム中の所望の位置で開口を形成することによって達成される。プロセスチャンバー中の試料材料の特性に基づく開口の位置調節を可能にするために、バルブセプタムは十分大きい。開口の形成後、試料プロセッシングデバイスを回転させる時、回転軸のより近位に位置する材料の選択された部分は開口を通してプロセスチャンバーを出る。試料材料の残部は回転軸から開口よりも遠位に位置するため、開口を通して出ることは不可能である。
【選択図】なし
Description
様々な化学的または生物学的プロセスが実行されるプロセスチャンバーを備えた試料プロセッシングデバイスは、科学的および/または診断的研究において益々高まる役割を果たしている。かかるデバイス中に提供されるプロセスチャンバーは、好ましくはプロセスを実行するために必要とされる試料材料の量を減少させるように体積が小さい。
本発明はバルブ構造を有する試料プロセッシングデバイスを提供する。このバルブ構造によって、プロセスチャンバー内に位置する試料材料の選択された部分の除去が可能となる。選択された部分の除去は、バルブセプタム中の所望の位置で開口を形成することによって達成される。
「核酸」は当該分野で既知の意味を有し、DNA(例えばゲノムDNA、cDNAまたはプラスミドDNA)、RNA(例えばmRNA、tRNAまたはrRNA)およびPNAを指す。限定されないが、これは二重鎖または一重鎖配置、円形、プラスミド、相対的に短いオリゴヌクレオチド、ペプチド核酸(PNAとも呼ばれる)(ニールセン(Nielsen)ら、ケミカル ソサエティ レビューズ(Chem.Soc.Rev.)、26、73−78(1997)に記載の通り)等を含む多種多様の形態であり得る。核酸は、全染色体または染色体の一部分を含み得るゲノムDNAであり得る。DNAは、コード配列(例えばコーディングmRNA、tRNAおよび/またはrRNA)および/または非コード配列(例えばセントロメア、テロメア、遺伝子間領域、イントロン、トランスポゾンおよび/またはマイクロサテライト配列)を含み得る。核酸は、天然ヌクレオチドならびに人工または化学的に変性されたヌクレオチド、突然変異ヌクレオチド等のいずれも含み得る。核酸は、非核酸構成成分、例えば、ペプチド(PNA中のような)、標識(放射性同位元素または蛍光性マーカー)等を含み得る。
本発明の実例となる実施形態の以下の詳細な記述において、その一部を形成し、図示によって本発明が実施され得る具体的な実施形態が示される添付の図面が参照される。本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく他の実施形態が利用されてもよいこと、および構造の変更がなされてもよいことは理解されるべきである。
本発明は、核含有細胞(例えば、白血球)内に含まれる核酸(例えば、DNA、RNA、PNA)を含む全血から核酸を単離する方法およびキットも提供する。
本発明の特定の実施形態に関して、プロセス間のいくつかの点で、試料内の細胞、特に核酸含有細胞(例えば、白血球、バクテリア細胞、ウィルス細胞)は溶解され、細胞内容物を遊離し、そして試料を形成する(すなわち可溶化液)。本明細書で使用される場合、細胞溶解は細胞膜の物理的分裂であり、ここで、細胞膜とは外側の細胞膜および存在する場合は核膜を指す。これは、プロテイナーゼの熱失活を伴うプロテイナーゼによる加水分解、界面活性剤(例えば、非イオン性界面活性剤またはドデシル硫酸ナトリウム)、グアニジニウム塩または強塩基(例えばNaOH)による処理、物理的分裂(例えば、超音波による)、煮沸、または冷凍/解凍プロセスを含み得る加熱/冷却(例えば、少なくとも55℃(典型的に95℃)まで加熱、および室温以下(典型的に8℃)まで冷却)のような標準的な技術を使用して実行可能である。溶解試薬が使用される場合、必要に応じて有機溶媒が使用され得るが、典型的に水性媒体中である。
本発明の特定の実施形態に関して、いずれかの形態(例えば、粒子、フィブリル、膜)の、好ましくは、それに結合された捕獲部位(例えばキレート官能基)、固体相材料上で被覆されたコーティング試薬(好ましくは界面活性剤)または両方を有する固体マトリックスを含む固体相材料に抑制物質が接着されることが見出された。コーティング試薬はカチオン性、アニオン性、非イオン性または双性イオン性界面活性剤であり得る。あるいはコーティング試薬は高分子電解質または強塩基であり得る。所望であれば、コーティング試薬の様々な組み合わせを使用することができる。
非イオン性界面活性剤。溶解試薬(上記で説明された)、溶出試薬(下記で説明される)および/または固体相材料上のコーティングとして使用可能である多種多様の適切な非イオン性界面活性剤は既知である。例えばポリオキシエチレン界面活性剤、カルボン酸エステル界面活性剤、カルボン酸アミド界面活性剤等が挙げられる。市販品として入手可能な非イオン性界面活性剤としては、n−ドデカノイルスクロース、n−ドデシル−β−D−グルコピラノシド、n−オクチル−β−D−マルトピラノシド、n−オクチル−β−D−チオグルコピラノシド、n−デカノイルスクロース、n−デシル−β−D−マルトピラノシド、n−デシル−β−D−チオマルトシド、n−ヘプチル−β−D−グルコピラノシド、n−ヘプチル−β−D−チオグルコピラノシド、n−ヘキシル−β−D−グルコピラノシド、n−ノニル−β−D−グルコピラノシド、n−オクタノイルスクロース、n−オクチル−β−D−グルコピラノシド、シクロヘキシル−n−ヘキシル−β−D−マルトシド、シクロヘキシル−n−メチル−β−D−マルトシド、ジギトニン、および商標名プルロニック(PLURONIC)、トリトン(TRITON)、トィーン(TWEEN)で入手可能であるもの、ならびに多数の他の市販品として入手可能であるものおよびカーク オスマー テクニカル エンサイクロ(登録商標)ペディア(Kirk Othmer Technical Encyclopedia)に記載のものが挙げられる。以下の表1に例を記載する。好ましい界面活性剤は、ポリオキシエチレン界面活性剤である。より好ましい界面活性剤としては、オクチルフェノキシポリエトキシエタノールが挙げられる。
R(CH2CH2O)(n-1)CH2CH2OH
(式中、Rは窒素に結合された(C1−C4)二価アルキル基であり、そしてnは約1〜約15の整数を表す)の範囲内である。あるいは末端ヒドロキシルを有するかかるより低級のポリアルコキシ部分の1個または2個は、前記されたより低級のアルキルを通して結合される代わりに、第四級窒素に直接結合されていてもよい。本発明での使用のために有用な第四級アンモニウムハライド界面活性剤の例としては、限定されないが、アクゾ ケミカル インコーポレイテッド(Akzo Chemical Inc.)からのメチル−ビス(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ココ−アンモニウムクロリドまたはオレイル−アンモニウムクロリド(それぞれ、エトクワド(ETHOQUAD)C/12およびO/12)、ならびにメチルポリオキシエチレン(15)オクタデシルアンモニウムクロリド(エトクワド(ETHOQUAD)18/25)が挙げられる。
抑制物質を保持するための固体相材料を使用する実施形態に関して、様々な溶出試薬を使用して、核酸含有材料(例えば核)および/または遊離された核酸を含む試料のより濃縮された領域を溶出することができる。かかる溶出試薬としては、水(好ましくはRNA分解酵素を含まない水)、緩衝液、カチオン性、アニオン性、非イオン性もしくは双性イオン性であり得る界面活性剤または強塩基が挙げられる。
他の場合、既知の密度勾配材料を選択的に使用して様々な細胞種を単離させることが望ましい。これらの密度勾配材料としては、ショ糖ならびに商標名フィコール(FICOLL)(ニュージャージー州、ピスカタウェイ、アマシャム バイオサイエンスズ(Amersham Biosciences,Piscataway,NJ))、パーコール(PERCOLL)(ニュージャージー州、ピスカタウェイ、アマシャム バイオサイエンスズ(Amersham Biosciences,Piscataway,NJ))、ヒストパク(HISTOPAQUE)(ミズーリ州、セントルイス、シグマ(Sigma,St.Louis,MO))、イソプレップ(ISOPREP)(カリフォルニア州、サニーヴェール、ロビンス サイエンティフィック コーポレイション(Robbins Scientific Corporation,Sunnyvale,CA))、ヒストデンズ(HISTODENZ)(ミズーリ州、セントルイス、シグマ(Sigma,St.Louis,MO))およびオプティプレップ(OPTIPREP)(ミズーリ州、セントルイス、シグマ(Sigma,St.Louis,MO))で市販品として入手可能な他のものが挙げられる。具体的な対象の細胞、例えば、末梢血液単核細胞(PBMC)は、可変性バルブデバイスの使用によって選択的に除去することができる。具体的な対象の細胞の抽出後、勾配材料がPCR適合性を有する限り、細胞溶解後にPCRを直接に実行することができる。勾配材料がPCR適合性ではない場合、(例えば水または緩衝液による)試料の適切な希釈を確実にするように配慮しなければならない。その後に細胞の濃縮が続き、このプロセスを数回繰返すことによって、PCR実行可能な試料が製造される。あるいは、簡単に著しく希釈することは、PCR実行可能な試料の製造のために十分であり得る。
3M No.2271 エンポア エクストラクション キレーティング ディスク(EMPORE Extraction Chelating Disk)をガラスフィルターホルダー中に配置した。抽出ディスクをアンモニア型へと変換し、添付文書に印刷された手順に従った。ディスクをバイアル瓶中に配置し、そして1%トリトン(TRITON)−X100(ミズーリ州、セントルイス、シグマ−アルドリッチ(Sigma−Aldrich,St.Louis,MO))溶液(10mLの水中0.1グラム(g)のトリトン(TRITON)−X100)中に浸漬し、サーモリン バリ−ミックス モデルM48725ロッカー(Thermolyne Vari−Mix Model M48725 Rocker)(アイオワ州、デュビュク、バーンステッド/サーモリン(Barnstead/Thermolyne,Dubuque,IA))上で約6〜8時間混合させる。ディスクを洗浄またはすすがないことに配慮して、ディスクをガラスフィルターホルダー中に配置して、約20分間、真空を適用することによって乾燥させ、次いで室温(約21℃)で一晩乾燥させた。
PCR上での抑制物質の影響を調査するために、クリーンなヒトゲノムDNAによるスパイクの前に抑制物質の一連の希釈を実行した。1マイクロリットルあたり15ナノグラム(ng/μL)のヒトゲノムDNA10μLに、1μLの異なるミックス(Mix)I(そのまま、または希釈物)を添加し(試料2、抑制物質は添加しなかった、2D−そのまま、2E−1:10、2F−1:30、2G−1:100、2H−1:300)、そしてボルテックスした。各試料の2μLアリコートは20μL PCRと考えられた。結果を表2に示す。
ヒトゲノムDNA10μLに、1μLの1:3希釈されたミックス(Mix)I(上記)を添加した。調査されたDNA濃度は以下の通りであった:試料2J−15ng/μL、2K−7.5ng/μL、2L−3.75ng/μL、2M−1.5ng/μL。各試料の2μLアリコートは20μL PCRと考えられた。結果を表2に示す。
抑制物質の代わりに1μLの水を各DNA試料に添加することによって、以下の試料を調製した:試料2N−15ng/μL、2P−7.5ng/μL、2Q−3.75ng/μL、2R−1.5ng/μL。各試料の2μLアリコートは20μL PCRと考えられた。結果を表2に示す。
600μLの全血を10分間2500rpmで回転させた。上澄みを分離して廃棄し、そしてバフィーコートを界面層から抽出した。5μLのバフィーコートを5μLの2%トリトン(TRITON)−Xに添加した。溶液を徹底的に混合し、そして装填溶液として1%トリトン(TRITON)−X100の代わりに10%トリトン(TRITON)−X100を使用して、実施例1に記載されるように調製された3M No.2271 エンポア エクストラクション キレーティング ディスク(EMPORE Extraction Chelating Disk)上に配置した。溶液をディスク中に浸漬した後、試料を20μLアリコートの0.1M NaOHで抽出した。400rcfでエッペンドルフ モデル(Eppendorf Model)5415D遠心分離機において溶液を簡単に回転させた。試料の11μLのアリコートを3分間95℃で加熱し、次いで3μLの1M トリス(TRIS)−HCl(pH7.4)に添加した。
600μLの全血を10分間2500rpmで回転させた。上澄みを分離して廃棄し、そしてバフィーコートを界面層から抽出した。5μLのバフィーコートを95μLのRNA分解酵素を含まない無菌水に添加した。色が均一になるまで溶液を混合し、そして約2分間、400rcfでエッペンドルフ モデル(Eppendorf Model)5415D遠心分離機において回転させた。上部から溶液の95μLのアリコートを分離して廃棄し、遠心分離管の底部に約5μLの濃縮された材料を残した。濃縮された材料の最後の5μLにRNA分解酵素を含まない無菌水95μLを添加した。色が均一になるまで試料を混合した。約2分間、400rcfでエッペンドルフ モデル(Eppendorf Model)5415D遠心分離機において溶液を回転させた。上部の95μLの溶液を分離して廃棄し、そして遠心分離管の底部に約10μLの濃縮された材料を残した。濃縮された材料の最後の10μLに、1μLの1M NaOHを添加した。1分間の温置後、試料を95℃で3分間加熱した。3μLの1Mトリス(TRIS)−HCl(pH7.4)を11μLの試料に添加した。
表3は、実施例1〜2に関して10μL PCR試料(10μLのSYBRグリーン マスター ミックス(SYBR Green Master Mix)、4μLのβ−アクチン、4μLの水中の2μLの試料)の調製に関するクワンティテック SYBR グリーン PCR ハンドブック(QuantiTech SYBR Green PCR Handbook)の第10〜12頁の指示に従って、ABI 7700 QPCR マシン(カリフォルニア州、フォスターシティ、アプレラ(Applera,Foster City,CA))上で得られた結果を報告し;実施例3〜4に関する結果は、10μLのPCR試料(5.5μLのRNA分解酵素を含まない無菌水、1μLの10x ファクター V ライデン リアクション ミックス(Factor V Leiden Reaction Mix)および1μLの10x ファクター V ライデン ミューテーション ディテクション ミックス(Factor V Leiden Mutation Detection Mix)中の2.5μLの試料)の調製に関するライトシティ ファクター V ライデン ミューテーション キット(LightCycler Factor V Leiden Mutation Kit)の添付文書の第2〜3頁の指示に従って、ライトサイクラー(LightCycler)2.0(インディアナ州、インディアナポリス、ロシュ アプライド サイエンス(Roche Applied Science,Indianapolis,IN))上で得られた。405nmでのスペクトラマックス プラス(SpectraMax Plus)384分光光度計(カリフォルニア州、サニーヴェール、モレキュラー デバイス コーポレイション(Molecular Devices Corporation,Sunnyvale,CA.))上でスペクトル測定を実行した。各試料に関する2、3または4個の値は二重、三重または四重を表す。
Claims (3)
- 試料プロセッシングデバイス上のバルブ付きプロセスチャンバー
であって、
試料プロセッシングデバイスの第1および第2の主側面の間に位置するプロセスチャンバー体積を含み、該第2の主側面は該第1の主側面に対向し、該プロセスチャンバーは、試料プロセッシングデバイス上のプロセスチャンバー領域を占有し、軸および長さを含む、プロセスチャンバー;並びに
プロセスチャンバー領域内に少なくとも部分的に位置するバルブチャンバー、ここで、バルブチャンバーは、プロセスチャンバー体積と試料プロセッシングデバイスの第2の主側面との間に位置し、バルブチャンバーとプロセスチャンバーとを分離するバルブセプタムによってプロセスチャンバーから隔離され、そしてプロセスチャンバー体積の一部分がバルブセプタムと試料プロセッシングデバイスの第1の主側面との間に位置し、バルブセプタムは、プロセスチャンバーの軸に沿ってプロセスチャンバーの最大長さの30%以上でプロセスチャンバー領域の長さに沿って延在し、開口が、プロセスチャンバーの長さに沿って選択された位置でバルブセプタムに形成される、
を備える、前記プロセスチャンバー。 - 前記プロセスチャンバーが延在し、プロセスチャンバーの軸が試料プロセッシングデバイスの回転軸に関して半径方向に向いている、請求項1記載のバルブ付きプロセスチャンバー。
- プロセスチャンバー領域内に位置する検出窓であって、プロセスチャンバー体積中へと、および/または外へと指向する選択された電磁エネルギーに対して透過性である検出窓を更に含む、請求項1または2記載のバルブ付きプロセスチャンバー。
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WO2005005045A1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-01-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sample processing device with unvented channel |
Cited By (2)
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KR20200109368A (ko) * | 2018-01-24 | 2020-09-22 | 메르스크 에이/에스 | 연료 시스템 |
KR102385700B1 (ko) | 2018-01-24 | 2022-04-11 | 메르스크 에이/에스 | 연료 시스템 |
Also Published As
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US20070148687A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
AU2004303807A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
CA2549081A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
JP5118184B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
WO2005061709A2 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
WO2005061709A3 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
EP1692283B1 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
US8057758B2 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
EP1692283A2 (en) | 2006-08-23 |
JP2007514163A (ja) | 2007-05-31 |
JP4673318B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 |
US20100167304A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
US20050130177A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
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