JP2010511715A - 中程度の持続時間の神経筋遮断剤およびそのアンタゴニスト - Google Patents
中程度の持続時間の神経筋遮断剤およびそのアンタゴニスト Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010511715A JP2010511715A JP2009540280A JP2009540280A JP2010511715A JP 2010511715 A JP2010511715 A JP 2010511715A JP 2009540280 A JP2009540280 A JP 2009540280A JP 2009540280 A JP2009540280 A JP 2009540280A JP 2010511715 A JP2010511715 A JP 2010511715A
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- neuromuscular
- cysteine
- glutathione
- blocking agent
- mammal
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2006年12月6日に出願された、米国仮出願第60/873,132号(この出願は、その全体が参考として本明細書に具体的に援用される)の利益を主張する。この出願はまた、2004年10月28日に出願された、米国出願第10/975,197号;2004年10月28日に出願された、PCT出願PCT/US2004/035869号;2004年10月28日に出願された、米国出願第60/515,048号(これらの出願は、その全体が参考として本明細書に具体的に援用される)にも関する。
本発明は、中間作用型(intermediate acting)神経筋遮断剤、ならびにこのような神経筋遮断剤の効果を使用するための方法およびこのような効果を中和する(counteract)ための方法に関する。
本発明の神経筋遮断剤は、以下の構造およびこれらの組み合わせを有する。
本発明によれば、システイン、N−アセチルシステイン、グルタチオン、関連するシステインアナログおよびこれらの組み合わせは、本発明の神経筋遮断剤の持続時間を短縮するために使用され得る。本発明者らは、システインがクロロフマレート神経筋遮断剤の神経筋遮断を逆転し得ることを以前観察し、これら遮断剤上の塩素が、システインの逆転に必要とされると考えられた。しかし、本発明の神経筋遮断剤は、塩素も他のハライドも有さない。従って、システイン、グルタチオンおよび他のシステイン様アンタゴニストが、迅速かつ完全に本発明の薬剤の投与によって引き起こされる神経筋遮断を逆転し得ることは驚くべきである。
本発明の一局面は、有効量の、本発明の神経筋遮断剤のうちの1つを投与することによって、哺乳動物において麻痺または神経筋遮断を誘導するための方法である。
アカゲザルを、筋肉内または静脈内で与えたケタミン(7.5mg/kg)で麻酔した。イソフルラン(1.5%)、亜酸化窒素(60%)および酸素(40%)の混合物で、麻酔を維持した。The 総腓骨神経を、0.15Hzの速度で、0.2m秒持続時間の方形波(square wave pulse)を用いて最大上刺激した。単収縮(twitch contraction)を、総指伸筋(extensor digitorum muscle)腱を介して記録した。
投与量研究によって、以下の投与量が示された時間の間に神経筋遮断を達成するに十分であることが示された。
**注射から95% 単収縮回復まで
従って、上記AV001遮断剤およびAV002遮断剤は、0.04mg/kgの95%神経筋遮断(ED95)を達成する有効用量を有するのに対して、AV003(AV002のシス異性体に対応する)は、0.20mg/kgのED95を有する。トランス異性体(AV002)とシス異性体(AV003)とを比較すると、トランス異性体(AV002)は、5倍より高く効くことが示される。従って、このシリーズにおいて、上記トランス異性体(AV002)は、より高い効力を示し、そしてさらに、より短い作用持続時間を有する(表1)。
アカゲザルを麻酔し、実施例1に記載されるように、神経筋遮断剤で処置した。
アカゲザルに麻酔し、実施例1に記載されるように、神経筋遮断剤で処置した。図8および9は、AV002神経筋遮断剤およびAV001神経筋遮断剤の投与の心血管効果についての平均値を、それぞれ、投与量の関数として提供する。
この実施例は、AV002での処置からの自発的回復が、AV002処置からの回復と比較して、システインとグルタチオンとによって促進されたことを示す。さらに、この実施例は、従来の逆転剤(ネオスチグミンおよびアトロピン)を使用するAV002処置からの回復を示す。
7.5mg/kg ケタミンを使用して、成体雄性アカゲザルにおいて麻酔を誘導した。局所麻酔を用いて、気管に挿管した。イソフルラン 1〜2%およびN2O/O2(60%/40%)で麻酔を維持した。ECG、温度、O2飽和、および血圧をモニターし、正常限界値範囲内で維持した。筋音図(MMG)記録を、0.15Hzでの総指伸筋からの単収縮応答から行った。AV002のコントロール用量(0.15mg/kg;ED95の約3倍)を与え、動物を自発的に回復させた。0.15mg/kgのAV002の別の用量を、100%超までに四連刺激(train of four)(TOF)から回復して約30分後に与えた。AV002の2回目の投与からの逆転を、以下のいずれかを用いて、4つの別個の動物群において試みた:
1)AV002を注射して1分後に、システイン 30mg/kgとグルタチオン 30mg/kg、
2)単収縮の回復の最初の徴候時に、システイン 30mg/kgとグルタチオン 30mg/kg、
3)AV002を注射して1分後に、ネオスチグミン 0.05mg/kgとアトロピン 0.03mg/kg、または
4)単収縮の回復の最初の徴候時に、ネオスチグミン 0.05mg/kgとアトロピン 0.03mg/kg。
ED95投与量の約3倍に等しいAV002の投与量は、システインとグルタチオンとの組み合わせを使用した場合に、最も効率的に逆転させた。従って、AV002注射して1分後にシステインとグルタチオンとを注射すると、神経筋遮断の平均総持続時間を27.24分に減少させた(p=<0.0001)。AV002を注射して1分後にネオスチグミンおよびアトロピンを投与すると、神経筋遮断の持続時間に対して何ら効果がなかった(p=0.11)。最初の単収縮(回復の徴候)時に、システインとグルタチオンとを投与すると、最初の単収縮回復時のネオスチグミンおよびアトロピンの投与と比較して、6.81分に平均回復間隔を減少させた(p=0.03)。
Claims (23)
- 薬学的に受容可能なキャリアおよび哺乳動物被験体を麻痺させるに十分な量の請求項1に記載の神経筋遮断剤を含む、組成物。
- 治療目的で、哺乳動物における神経筋遮断を誘導するための方法であって、該方法は、請求項2または3に記載の組成物を該哺乳動物に投与する工程を包含する、方法。
- 前記哺乳動物はまた全身麻酔に供される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記治療目的は、外科手術手順を含む、請求項4または5に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物はヒトである、請求項4、5または6に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物における神経筋遮断を逆転させるための方法であって、該方法は、有効量のシステイン、N−アセチルシステイン、グルタチオン、ホモシステイン、メチオニン、S−アデノシル−メチオニン、ペニシラミン、これらの組み合わせまたはこれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩を該哺乳動物に投与する工程を包含し、ここで該神経筋遮断は、請求項4、5、6または7に記載の方法によって生じる、方法。
- システインが投与される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- グルタチオンが投与される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- システインとグルタチオンとの組み合わせが投与される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記システイン、N−アセチルシステイン、グルタチオン、ホモシステイン、メチオニン、S−アデノシル−メチオニン、ペニシラミン、これらの組み合わせまたはこれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩は、薬学的に受容可能な液体キャリアと組み合わせて静脈内投与される、請求項8〜11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記システイン、N−アセチルシステイン、グルタチオン、ホモシステイン、メチオニン、S−アデノシル−メチオニン、ペニシラミン、これらの組み合わせまたはこれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩は、約0.1mg/kg〜約500mg/kgの投与量において投与される、請求項8〜12に記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物は、家畜または動物園動物である、請求項8〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記哺乳動物はヒトである、請求項8〜13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- キットであって、該キットは、別個に梱包された、以下:
(a)一定量の、請求項1に記載の神経筋遮断剤、
(b)該神経筋遮断剤に対する有効量のアンタゴニスト、および
(c)該アンタゴニストを使用して、該遮断剤が投与される哺乳動物に対する該遮断剤の効果を逆転させるように使用者に指示する、指示書
を含み、ここで該アンタゴニストは、システイン、N−アセチルシステイン、グルタチオン、ホモシステイン、メチオニン、S−アデノシル−メチオニン、ペニシラミンこれらの組み合わせまたはこれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩である、キット。 - 前記神経筋遮断剤は、薬学的に受容可能な液体キャリアとともに組み合わせて、静脈内投与されるように処方されている、請求項16に記載のキット。
- 前記アンタゴニストは、薬学的に受容可能な液体キャリアと組み合わせて、静脈内投与されるように処方されている、請求項16または17に記載のキット。
- 前記アンタゴニストは、システイン、グルタチオン、これらの組み合わせまたはこれらの薬学的に受容可能な塩である、請求項16〜18のいずれかに記載のキット。
- 前記アンタゴニストは、システインとグルタチオンとの組み合わせである、請求項16〜19のいずれかに記載のキット。
- 哺乳動物において治療的神経筋遮断を確立するために適した医薬の調製における、請求項1に記載の神経筋遮断剤の使用。
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