JP2010229415A - Solid fuel using organic waste and method for production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a coal alternative fuel utilizing an organic waste such as excess sludge. <P>SOLUTION: The solid fuel adjusted so as to have a 15% or less water content and 3,300-3,800 kcal/kg quantity of heat is produced by press forming the material obtained by deodorization drying of the organic waste. The organic substance such as excess sludge etc., with a strong odor and a high water content is effectively deodorization dried by a reduced pressure fermentation dryer 1, and becomes usable as a component of the solid fuel, consequently, the vast cost required for abandoning excess sludge can be reduced. The reduced pressure fermentation dryer 1 decomposes the odor of condensed water or air generated in the deodorization drying process of the organic waste, by microorganisms added in the casing 10 and the microorganisms added to cooling water circulating between a condenser 50 and a cooling tower 60. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to providing a solid fuel by effectively using organic waste that needs to be deodorized and dried, such as excess sludge.

  In general, the activated sludge method is widely used for sewage treatment, and a large amount of excess sludge is discharged from the activated sludge tank, which needs to be disposed of. However, surplus sludge contains a large amount of moisture and has a strong rot odor, so it is not only difficult to handle these, but the treatment is generally incinerated, and the transportation and incineration are very expensive. It is putting pressure on the finances of local governments that operate sewage treatment plants. In addition, not only local governments but also private enterprises represented by food-related industries, the activated sludge method is widely adopted for the treatment of wastewater containing organic components. The processing is burdened with great effort and cost. At present, such activated sludge process is widely used all over the world, and surplus sludge treatment is a major problem in various countries around the world.

  Thus, a method has been proposed in which excess sludge is periodically extracted from the activated sludge tank and subjected to ozone treatment to reduce the volume (see, for example, Patent Document 1), but there is a limit to volume reduction by such an ozone treatment method. In addition, since it requires extra equipment costs, it is not a radical solution.

JP-A-2005-305222

  Then, this invention makes it a subject to utilize effectively the surplus sludge which has been incinerated by spending enormous expense until now.

  As a result of earnest research, the inventor of the present application has a high water content and a strong odor, but deodorizing and drying can be performed at low cost by performing reduced-pressure fermentation and reduced-pressure heat drying developed by the present inventors, It has been found that the amount of heat close to that of paper waste can be obtained by limiting the amount of water. Moreover, when combustible waste consisting of at least paper waste, wood waste, and waste plastic was mixed with this, it discovered that it could be effectively utilized as a coal alternative solid fuel. The present invention has been made based on such findings.

  The solid fuel of the reference example is a low calorific component obtained by deodorizing and drying organic waste, a high calorific binder component composed of waste plastic, and an increasing component composed of at least one of wood waste, paper waste, waste waste, and fiber waste. These are mixed and compression-molded and solidified, and are characterized by being adjusted to a calorie of 5000 to 6500 kcal / kg under the condition of a moisture content of 15% or less.

  According to the reference example, organic waste such as excess sludge, which required a large amount of cost for disposal, is mixed with an increasing amount of at least one of wood waste, paper waste, waste waste and fiber waste and deodorized and dried. In addition, since combustible waste made of waste plastic or the like is used as a high calorific value linking component, compression molded, solidified and the total calorific value is adjusted, it can be effectively used as a coal substitute solid fuel. In the present application, unless otherwise specified,% means weight percent.

The solid fuel of the present invention is a solid fuel obtained by compressing and solidifying a material obtained by deodorizing and drying organic waste, and adjusting the heat amount to 3300 to 3800 kcal / kg under the condition of a moisture content of 15% or less. Because
The material obtained by deodorizing and drying the organic waste is fermented and dried in a reduced-pressure fermentation dryer.
The reduced pressure fermentation drying apparatus
A casing in which organic waste to which microorganisms are added is supplied to the inside and the inside is decompressed,
A heating unit that is provided at a lower portion of the casing and is supplied with a heat medium to heat organic waste in the casing;
A rotating body that has a hollow rotating shaft and a feeding unit to which a heat medium is supplied, a scraping unit fixed to the feeding unit, and is rotated and stirred while heating organic waste;
A condensing part that is provided in the casing and condenses the vapor generated from the organic waste;
A vacuum pump that sucks air in the casing together with the condensed water condensed in the condensing unit,
Condensed water and air sucked by the vacuum pump are supplied, and cooling water to which microorganisms are added and circulates between the condensing parts is provided with a cooling tower for mixing the condensed water and air. .

  According to the present invention, the solid fuel is obtained by deodorizing and drying organic waste, compression-molding and solidifying, so that wood waste and paper waste can be obtained without adding a moisture adjusting material or a high calorie binder. It has the same amount of heat and has little odor, and can be used as a fuel for boilers, for example.

The reference example also provides a method for producing the above solid fuel. The solid fuel production method of the reference example includes a low calorific component composed of organic waste having a high water content, and wood chips and paper wastes having a low water content. A step of preparing a mixture having a moisture content suitable for reduced-pressure fermentation by mixing an increasing amount component consisting of at least one of waste tatami and fiber waste;
A step of i) fermenting and deodorizing the mixture under reduced pressure; and ii) a step of heating and drying under reduced pressure to deodorize and dry the mixture;
Adding a high calorie binder component made of waste plastic to the mixture after deodorizing and drying to adjust the total calorie, and kneading, compressing and molding these materials,
It is characterized in that the water content is adjusted to 15% or less, preferably 10% or less, and the calorie is set to 5000 to 6500 kcal / kg.

  According to the production method of the reference example, organic waste such as excess sludge with a strong rot odor and a high water content is added to at least one of the increasing components of wood waste, paper waste, waste waste and fiber waste with low water content. Because it is mixed, deodorized and dried at low cost, and compression molded together with high-calorie binder components such as waste plastic, coal-replaced solid fuel adjusted to a moisture content of 15% or less and a calorific value of 5000-6500 kcal / kg with waste as the main component It can be provided at low cost, and the surplus sludge can be effectively used.

Further, the method for producing a solid fuel of the present invention includes a step of subjecting organic waste to fermentation deodorization under reduced pressure, and a step of deodorizing and drying by heating and drying under reduced pressure.
A cycle process in which the process of deodorizing and drying the organic waste is repeated a plurality of times;
Compressing and molding the object to be treated after deodorizing and drying,
Adjusted to a moisture content of 15% or less and a calorie of 3300-3800 kcal / kg,
The step of deodorizing and drying the organic waste uses a reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus,
A casing in which organic waste to which microorganisms are added is supplied to the inside and the inside is decompressed,
A heating unit that is provided at a lower portion of the casing and is supplied with a heat medium to heat organic waste in the casing;
A rotating body that has a hollow rotating shaft and a feeding unit to which a heat medium is supplied, a scraping unit fixed to the feeding unit, and is rotated and stirred while heating organic waste;
A condensing part that is provided in the casing and condenses the vapor generated from the organic waste;
A vacuum pump that sucks air in the casing together with the condensed water condensed in the condensing unit,
Condensed water and air sucked by the vacuum pump are supplied, and cooling water to which microorganisms are added and circulates between the condensing parts is provided with a cooling tower for mixing the condensed water and air. .

  According to the present invention, the above-described cycle process in which the deodorizing and drying process is repeated a plurality of times can significantly reduce the amount of water in the organic waste and further reduce the odor. Therefore, a solid fuel having a calorific value equivalent to that of wood waste and paper waste and having less odor can be obtained by using only organic waste without adding a moisture adjusting material or a high calorific value binder component.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the vacuum fermentation drying apparatus used for the manufacturing method of the solid fuel of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the casing of a reduced pressure fermentation drying apparatus. It is a cross-sectional view of the casing of the reduced pressure fermentation drying apparatus. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the modification of the rotary body of a reduced pressure fermentation drying apparatus. It is a top view which shows a compression molding apparatus. It is a side view which shows a compression molding apparatus. It is sectional drawing which shows the inside of the process part of a compression molding apparatus. It is sectional drawing which extracted and showed the component of the helical shaft. It is a front view which shows an end surface board. It is a top view which shows a mode that the end surface board was attached to the casing. It is a perspective view which shows the principal part of the pellet mill as a shaping | molding apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of the solid fuel of embodiment.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described using embodiments of the present invention.
(Reference example)
The solid fuel of the reference example is
a) Low calorie component consisting of deodorized and dried organic waste: 30 to 40%,
b) Increase component consisting of at least one of wood waste, paper waste, waste sack and fiber waste: 15 to 20%,
c) High calorie binder component made of waste plastic: 40-60% at least. In addition, the sum total of said each component ratio is 100% or less.

In the reference example, in order to effectively use the low calorific value component of the organic waste in a), b) adjust the moisture by mixing with an increasing amount component of at least one of wood waste, paper waste, waste waste and fiber waste, Although vacuum fermentation deodorization and vacuum heat drying are performed, it is difficult to solidify only by compression molding with only these components, and the amount of heat is insufficient as shown below.
Low calorie components such as excess sludge: 2000-2500 kcal / kg
Wood chip ingredient: 3800kcal / kg
Waste paper component: 2900kcal / kg
Therefore, the waste plastic of c) having a calorific value of 10,000 to 11000 kcal / kg is added as a high calorie binder component, and these mixed materials are kneaded, compressed and molded, and solidified to obtain a solid fuel.

  Thus, a) low calorie components such as surplus sludge: 30 to 40%, b) at least one of wood waste, paper waste, waste tatami and fiber waste: 15 to 20%, c) waste plastic: 40 to 60 %, A solid fuel having a water content of 15% or less and a calorific value of 5000 to 6500 kcal / kg can be prepared. In particular, it is preferable to prepare the solid fuel so that the water content is 10% or less and the calorie is approximately 5500 kcal / kg. Further, as organic waste, other organic matter such as garbage can be used for a part or all of the excess sludge. For example, in addition to excess sludge, at least one of agricultural waste, fishery industry waste, agricultural and fishery processing industry waste, and food industry waste can be used. In short, organic waste having a large amount of water and cost for incineration disposal can be widely used, thereby reducing the disposal cost of organic waste. Examples of organic waste sources include beer factories, coffee / tea factories (extracted glass), tofu factories (okara), and canned factories.

The method for producing a solid fuel according to the reference example is as follows:
1) Low-pressure components of organic wastes (excess sludge, etc.) with a high amount of water are mixed with an increasing amount component consisting of at least one of wood waste, paper waste, waste tatami, and fiber waste with low water content for reduced pressure fermentation. Preparing a mixture having a suitable moisture content;
2) a step of i) fermenting and deodorizing the mixture under reduced pressure; and ii) a step of heating and drying under reduced pressure to deodorize and dry the mixture;
3) A step of adding a high calorie binder composed of waste plastic to the deodorized and dried mixture to adjust the total calorific value, and kneading, compressing and molding these materials.

I) Preparation Step In the first step, a mixture is prepared as follows. The surplus sludge as organic waste has a water content of about 90%, so it is mixed with an increasing component such as wood waste and paper waste (both water content is about 15%). Adjust to about 80%. Organic waste having a water content of 80 to 99% can be used.

II) Deodorizing and drying step In the second step, the fermentation deodorizing step under reduced pressure and the heating and drying step under reduced pressure are performed as follows.
II-i) In the fermentation deodorization process, indigenous bacteria that inhabit the sea, mountains, and land are collected, cultured, and used. It has been found that various flora and fauna and bacteria that inhabit soil are effective as indigenous bacteria for the reduced-pressure fermentation of surplus sludge. The flora and fauna and soil inhabited by indigenous bacteria include wormwood, wild grass, medicinal herb, seaside grass, coral, bamboo bamboo soil, forest soil, fish, seaweed, fruit, pineapple, apple, mandarin orange, loquat and grape. Indigenous bacteria that inhabit these are used after culturing with rice bran or sawdust. Specifically, the deodorization is performed by mixing the fermenting bacteria under a reduced pressure of 0.03 to 0.07 MPa under a reduced pressure at a heat medium temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. and stirring for a half to 2-3 hours. Fermentative bacteria that grow under fermentation are preferred. The reduced pressure value refers to a pressure value that is lowered from atmospheric pressure (generally 0.10 MPa at 0 m above sea level). Examples of enzymes possessed by such fermenting bacteria include the following known enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, L. aspartate beta-semi Aldehyde / NADP oxidectase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate semialdehyde / dehydrogenase, NADPH2 cytochrome C / reactase, glutathione dehydrogenase, trehalose phosphate synthetase, polyphosphatase kinase, ethanol Amine phosphae cytidyl transferase, trehalose phosphatase, metalthio phospho glycerate phosphatase, inulase, β-mannositase, uridine nu Leositase, cytosine diaminase, methylcysteine synthetase, aspartate synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, aconitate hydrogenase, fumarate hydrogenase, maleate dehydrogenase, citrate synthetase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, Examples include LSNADP oxidase, monoamine oxidase, histaminease, pyruvate decarboxylase, ATPase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase, endopolyphosphatase, ATP phosphohydrolase, orotidine pentaphosphate decarboxylase, and these groups Bacteria having at least one enzyme selected from are used. In the fermentation deodorization step, sufficient deodorization can be performed in about half an hour to 2 to 3 hours.
II-ii) In the heat drying step, the pressure reduction is performed under a pressure lower than that in the fermentation deodorization step, and the pressure reduction is gradually or stepwise increased. Specifically, heating and drying are performed with stirring at a heating medium temperature of 80 to 120 ° C. for a half hour to an hour under a reduced pressure of 0.05 to 0.09 MPa. The moisture content of the dried mixture should be 20% or less, preferably about 15% or less.
An example of the composition before performing the deodorization drying step (composition ratio in parentheses) is as follows.
a) Surplus sludge: 500 kg (40%), moisture content 90%
b) Wood waste: 100kg (5%)
c) Paper waste: 100 kg (5%)
The above components are mixed to obtain a mixture having a water content of 80%, and this is treated under the following conditions by a reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus shown below.
i) Fermentation process: reduced pressure value 0.03 MPa, about 1 hour
ii) Drying step: The water content of the mixture after drying at a reduced pressure of 0.08 MPa for about 30 minutes can be reduced to about 15%.

III) Compression molding process To the mixture after deodorization and drying, 200 kg of waste plastic, preferably pulverized to a size of 2 to 5 cm, is added and mixed by a quantitative feeder or the like. The high calorie binder component is mixed in a proportion of 90 to 150% with respect to the low calorie component and the increase component after deodorizing and drying. The mixing ratio of the low calorific component and the increasing component and the high calorie linking component is adjusted so that the calorific value of the solid fuel obtained after molding is 5000 to 6500 kcal / kg.
The mixed material is kneaded, compressed and molded by a molding apparatus, and then cut into a predetermined length to complete a solid fuel. By heating the material to about 100-180 ° C. in the molding apparatus, the water content is evaporated, and the water content can be reduced to 15% or less, preferably 10% or less when solid fuel is solidified.
As a molding device, for example, a multi-former that has a biaxial screw and performs kneading, compression and molding while preventing the backflow of the material is used, so that the high temperature can be obtained by using the frictional heat accompanying the kneading and compression of the material. Heating is possible, and the moisture content of the solid fuel can be reduced to 15% or less, preferably 10% or less.
When the moisture content of the material before molding is small, a pellet mill may be used as a molding device, and the pellet mill has rolling wheels along the inner surface of a rotating cylindrical body having a die hole in the body portion. The mixed material that rolls and is supplied into the rotating cylindrical body is compressed and extruded in accordance with the contact between the outer peripheral surface of the rolling wheel and the inner peripheral surface of the rotating cylindrical body.

(Embodiment)
The solid fuel of this embodiment contains only organic waste such as excess sludge as a component. That is, solid fuel is produced using only organic waste without using an increasing component such as wood chips and a high calorific value linking component such as waste plastic in the reference example.

  In this embodiment, the deodorizing drying process which has the fermentation deodorizing process under reduced pressure and the heat drying process under reduced pressure is performed several times with respect to organic wastes, such as activated sludge. By performing the deodorizing and drying process multiple times, organic waste with a moisture content of 90% or more is reduced to a moisture content of 20% or less without adding a moisture adjusting material, and the odor is reduced by fermentation and decomposition of organic matter. To do. This multi-cycle deodorization drying process is performed using the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus mentioned later. A solid fuel having a calorific value equivalent to paper waste or wood waste can be obtained by compression-molding the object to be treated having a moisture content of 20% or less by a deodorizing and drying process of a plurality of cycles. Specifically, the solid fuel of the present embodiment has an amount of heat in the range of 3300 kcal / kg (low level) to 3800 kcal / kg (high level).

  As in the reference example, the organic waste that is the material of the solid fuel includes at least one of surplus sludge, garbage, agricultural waste, marine waste, agricultural and fishery processing waste, and food waste. Can be used. In any case, organic waste that is about 90% and has a large amount of water and is costly for incineration can be widely used. Moreover, since this embodiment uses only organic waste as a material, the disposal amount of organic waste can be increased as compared to using various connecting materials.

The manufacturing method of the solid fuel of this embodiment is
1) A deodorizing and drying step in which organic waste is subjected to a fermentation deodorization step under reduced pressure and a heat drying step under reduced pressure;
2) a cycle process for repeating the deodorizing and drying process;
3) It includes a molding step of compressing and molding the workpiece to be processed through the cycle step. Hereinafter, each process will be described.

1) Deodorizing and drying step In the first step, organic waste having a water content of 80 to 99% is supplied to a vacuum fermentation drying apparatus, and the fermentation deodorization step under reduced pressure and the heat drying step under reduced pressure are performed as follows. .
1-i) In the fermentation deodorization step, the temperature of the object to be treated is brought to the boiling point by a heating medium having a heating temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. under a reduced pressure value (reduction value of pressure from atmospheric pressure) 0.03 to 0.07 MPa. Accordingly, the mixture is heated to 60 to 80 ° C., and fermentation is performed for an operation time of 30 minutes to 3 hours. Steam, oil, or the like can be used as the heat medium. Moreover, you may use the heating apparatus which applied electrical resistance other than a heat medium. Moreover, it is preferable to accelerate | stimulate fermentation by stirring a to-be-processed object with a stirrer.
In the fermentation deodorization step, the same microorganism as that added in the reference example is added to the object to be processed in the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer. That is, indigenous bacteria that inhabit the sea, mountains, and land are collected, cultured, and used. For the fermentation of organic waste, indigenous fungi are effective for various animals and plants and soils that inhabit soil, and for indigenous fungi and animals and soils, wormwood, wild grass, medicinal herb, seaside grass, bamboo grass, bamboo and bamboo Soil, forest soil, fish, seaweed, fruit, pineapple, apple, mandarin orange, loquat and grape. Indigenous bacteria that inhabit these are used after culturing with rice bran or sawdust, and fermentative bacteria that are fermented and grown under the conditions described below are preferred.
1-ii) The heating and drying step is performed under reduced pressure conditions at a lower pressure than the reduced pressure conditions in the fermentation deodorization step, and gradually or stepwisely increasing the reduced pressure amount. Specifically, the temperature of the object to be processed is set to 40 to 40 ° C. according to the boiling point with a heating medium having a heating temperature of 80 to 120 ° C. under a reduced pressure value (reduction value of pressure from atmospheric pressure) 0.05 to 0.09 MPa. Heat to 60 ° C. and dry for an operating time of 30 minutes to 3 hours. Steam, oil, or the like can be used as the heat medium, and a heating device that applies electrical resistance other than the heat medium may be used. Moreover, it is preferable to accelerate the drying by stirring the object to be treated with a stirrer.

2) Cycle process In the cycle process, the deodorization drying process which consists of the above-mentioned fermentation deodorization process and heat drying process is repeated several times.
An example of the cycle process will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, in at least the first cycle of the cycle steps, an initial operation is performed in which the organic waste less than the rated amount is put into the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer to perform the deodorization drying step (steps S1 to S3). In the first fermentation step, the same microorganism as in the reference example is added. By performing the deodorization drying process on the organic waste less than the rated amount, a fermentation environment of microorganisms can be rapidly formed in the organic waste. When the initial operation is continued after the first cycle, the process returns to step S1 (step S4), the organic waste less than the rated amount is put into the vacuum fermentation drying apparatus, and the cycle of the deodorization drying process is repeated (step S1). ~ S3).
When the initial operation is finished (step S4), a quantitative operation is performed in which the organic waste is charged to the rated amount in the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer to perform the deodorization drying process (steps S5 to S8). In the quantitative operation, every time the cycle drying process (step S7) ends, a part of the object to be processed is discharged (step S8). In addition, it is preferable that a part of to-be-processed object to discharge | emit is about 80% of to-be-processed objects when a drying process is complete | finished. A part of the workpieces discharged in step S8 is sent to a molding apparatus to perform compression molding. When the quantitative operation is continued (step S9), the process returns to step S5, the organic waste is added until the rated amount is reached, new organic waste is added to the remaining part of the processing object, and then deodorized and dried. The process is repeated (steps S6 to S7).
As described above, in the quantitative operation, the amount of the processing object discharged at the end of each cycle is a part of the whole (for example, 80% of the processing object at the end of the drying process). By leaving the other part (for example, 20%) of the object to be processed, the fermentation environment already formed in the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus can be continuously taken over to a later cycle. Therefore, once the operation of the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus is started, a plurality of steps can be performed without adding microorganisms on the way.
In addition, new organic waste often has a water content of 90% or more, but new organic waste is thrown in by leaving other parts of the processed material after drying in the vacuum fermentation dryer. Immediately after, the water content can be adjusted to about 50% suitable for fermentation.
The cycle process of the present embodiment can be performed by a reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus to be described later, and the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus including a casing having a rated capacity of 4 t performs deodorization drying processing of about 4 t of organic waste per day. be able to.
Thus, the odor of the object to be processed which is processed into the organic waste is greatly reduced, and the water content is greatly reduced to about 15%, for example.
The moisture content of the object to be treated can be solidified if it is 20% or less, but it is preferably 15% or less in order to obtain sufficient shape retention.

3) Molding process The processed material discharged from the reduced-pressure fermentation dryer at each cycle in the quantitative operation is compressed and molded by a molding device similar to the reference example via a quantitative feeder and cut into a predetermined length. Solid fuel is completed. In the molding apparatus, compression heat is generated along with the compression of the object to be processed, and it is preferable to heat the object to be processed to about 100 to 180 ° C. with a heating apparatus. Thereby, water can be efficiently evaporated, and the water content of the solid fuel can be reduced to 15% or less, preferably 10% or less during solidification.
In the present embodiment, it is preferable to use a multi-former as the molding apparatus, but a pellet mill may be used as the molding apparatus.

  The solid fuel of the present embodiment reduces the water content of organic waste from about 90% to about 20% by the deodorizing and drying process of multiple cycles, and reduces the water content to 15% or less by the molding process. Even without adding a shape-retaining binder, shape-retaining properties that can withstand actual use as fuel can be obtained. In addition, since this solid fuel has a low water content, it is not necessary to add water-absorbing quick lime as in the prior art, and therefore it is possible to prevent the disadvantage that the amount of ash increases due to quick lime after combustion. Moreover, the solid fuel of this embodiment has a calorie | heat amount equivalent to paper waste and wood waste, when a moisture content is fully reduced. According to the experiments by the present inventors, it has been found that a solid fuel having a calorific value in the range of 3300 kcal / kg (low level) to 3800 kcal / kg (high level) can be obtained. In addition, the solid fuel of this embodiment greatly reduces the odor of organic waste through a multi-cycle deodorizing and drying process, so there is little impact on the surrounding environment during storage and use of solid fuel, and it can be used in a wide range of applications. Can be used. Moreover, since the solid fuel of this embodiment decomposes | decomposes an organic substance component highly by the deodorizing drying process of multiple cycles, it is not necessary to add slaked lime in order to prevent decay of the remaining organic substance like the past. Moreover, since the solid fuel of this embodiment can be manufactured only with organic waste as a material, it can be manufactured with few processes. Moreover, since no binder component or the like is used, the amount of organic waste used can be increased, and the processing efficiency of organic sludge and the like can be increased.

(Apparatus for carrying out the present invention)
In any of the above reference examples and solid fuel production methods of the embodiment, it is preferable to use the following apparatuses for the reduced-pressure fermentation / reduced-pressure heat drying step and the compression molding step.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus for performing a reduced-pressure fermentation / reduced-pressure heat drying process. The reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus 1 includes a heating unit H1 (a heating steam as a heating medium is supplied from the boiler 5 and returns the heated steam to the boiler 5) on the peripheral wall 12a of the lower casing 12, and one end of the upper casing 11 In the part (upstream side), there is a supply part 11a for the workpiece W such as surplus sludge mixed with wood chips and the like, and at the other end part (downstream side) of the lower casing 12, a discharge part 12b for the dried material w is provided. A horizontally long cylindrical casing 10 and a stirring rod 22 with a feeding portion that feeds from the one end portion to the other end portion while stirring the workpiece W supplied inside the casing 10 while rotating. The rotating body 20 that is supported by bearings 30 and 35 on both end walls of the casing, the inverter motor M1 that rotationally drives the rotating body 20 in the feeding direction, and the circumference of the lower casing 12 The scraping part 40 attached to the outer peripheral part of the rotating body 20 so as to scrape the adhering matter adhering to the inner surface of the wall 12a, and the steam S generated from the workpiece W during the fermentation drying process in the casing are condensed, The condenser 50 for discharging the condensed water G, the vacuum pump VP for sucking the air inside the casing together with the vapor S from the workpiece W through the condensed water G discharge pipe 59 of the condenser 50, and the condenser 50 The cooling water supplied by the cooling water pump P is cooled by air cooling and held in the water tank 61, and the cooling water is supplied to the condensed water G sucked from the discharge pipe 59 by the vacuum pump VP and the cooling tower 60.

  In the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus 1 used in each of the above embodiments, the workpiece W supplied from the supply unit 11a into the horizontally long cylindrical casing 10 is heated by the heating unit H1 of the lower casing 12 to the discharge unit 12b. Then, it is sent by the feeding section of the rotating body 20 that is rotationally driven. In the meantime, the workpiece W is heated from the outside by the heating part H1 of the lower casing 12 and heated from the inside by the auxiliary heating part H2 provided in the rotating body 20, and further rotates the stirring rod with a feeding part. Drying is much faster due to the stirring by No. 22. Further, since the inside of the casing is in a negative pressure state by the vacuum pump VP, the boiling point of the water in the workpiece W is lowered (for example, the pressure in the casing 10 is 320 hPa; the reduced pressure value is about 0.068 MPa, (Boiling point is about 70 ° C.) Boiling evaporation of moisture is promoted and drying is further accelerated. In this case, even when the heating steam is supplied to the heating unit H1 and the heating temperature does not reach 100 ° C., boiling evaporation of moisture inside the casing is promoted.

  Here, the reduced pressure value in the casing 10 is set to 0.03 to 0.07 MPa in the fermentation deodorization step. Thereby, the boiling point of water can be reduced to about 90-68 degreeC, and the deodorizing effect | action by fermenting bacteria can be accelerated | stimulated by making the inside of the casing 10 into a fermentation environment. In this case, fermentation deodorization can be performed in a process of heating steam at a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. for half an hour to 2 to 3 hours.

  On the other hand, in the heat drying step after the fermentation deodorization step, the pressure is reduced under a lower pressure than the fermentation deodorization step, and the pressure reduction value is 0.05 to 0.09 MPa. Thereby, the boiling point of water can be reduced to about 80-46 degreeC, and the to-be-processed object can be dried rapidly. Here, when moving from the fermentation deodorization process to the heat drying process, it is preferable to gradually increase the amount of reduced pressure or increase the pressure stepwise to move the process.

  The vapor S generated by the evaporation of the water in the workpiece W is condensed by the condensing unit 50 and discharged as condensed water G from the inside of the casing, so that the treated workpiece w is wetted again or wetted. There is no. Moreover, since the heating part H1 is arrange | positioned in the casing 10 and the auxiliary | assistant heating part H2 and the condensation part 50 are arrange | positioned in the casing 10, the to-be-processed object is heated, and the gas produced is condensed quickly and efficiently. Can do. In addition, the overall reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus 1 can be reduced in size.

  Further, even when the object to be processed burns or adheres to the inner wall surface of the lower casing 12 heated by the heating unit H1, the object to be processed in the vicinity of the inner wall surface is removed by the scraping unit 40 attached to the outer peripheral part of the rotating body 20. Can be scraped off. As a result, it is possible to prevent the disadvantage that the amount of heat transmitted by the deposits decreases and the heating efficiency by the heating part H1 decreases. In the heating part H1, in addition to steam heating, electric heating is also possible, but when a boiler is already installed, a steam heating system that is advantageous in terms of running cost is preferable. In addition, although heating steam was supplied to the said heating part H1 and auxiliary | assistant heating part H2 as a heat medium, you may supply other heat media, such as hot water or oil.

  2 and 3 are cross-sectional views showing the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus 1 in detail, FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the casing 10, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the casing 10. In the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus 1, the casing 10 includes a bottom casing having a U-shaped cross section having a bottom portion having a circular cross section, the discharge portion 12 b of the dried material w, and bearings 30 and 35. 12 and an upper casing 11 having an inverted U-shaped cross section that is coupled with a bolt so as to be openable so as to cover the lower casing 12 from above and has the supply portion 11a of the workpiece W.

  An aerobic thermophilic complex bacterium obtained from an indigenous bacterium is added to the organic workpiece W put into the casing 10, and the decomposition of the organic matter that is likely to rot can be promoted. Specifically, the workpiece W includes a microorganism having at least one of the following enzymes. In addition, the substance which each enzyme acts is described in the parenthesis following each enzyme. Alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol), lactate dehydrogenase (lactose), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (carbohydrate), aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldehyde), L, aspartate, beta-semialdehyde, NADP Oxdrectase (aldehyde), glutamate dehydrogenase (amino acid), aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (amino acid), NADPH2 cyclochrome C-reactase (NADP), glutathione dehydrogenase (glutathione), Trehalose phosphate synthetase (carbohydrate), polyphosphae kinase (ATP), ethanolamine phosphae cytidyltransferase (CTP), trehalose phosphatase (carbohydrate), metal O-phospho glycerate phosphatase (glycerin), inulase (inulin), β-mannositase (carbohydrate), uridine nucleositase (amino acid), cytosine diaminase (cytosine), methylcysteine synthetase (amino acid), aspartate synthetase (ATP) ), Succinate dehydrogenase (succinic acid), aconitic acid hydrogenase (citrate), fumarate hydrogenase (malonic acid), maleate dehydrogenase (malonic acid), citrate synthetase (acetyl CouA) , Isocitrate dehydrogenase (citrate), LSNADP oxidase (citrate), monoamine oxidase (amine), histamine (amine), pyruvate decarboxylase (oxoacid), ATPase (ATP), nucleotide pyrophosphatase (nucleic acid), endopolyphosphatase (ATP), ATP phosphohydrolase (ATP), orotidine 5-phosphate decarboxylase (orotidine). By including a microorganism containing at least one of these enzymes in the object to be processed W, it is possible to effectively perform a decomposition process on the object to be processed W composed of many kinds of organic components. As these multiple types of microorganisms, it is preferable to use native bacteria in the natural environment of the sea, mountains and land.

  As these indigenous fungi, fungi that inhabit wormwood, wild grass, medicinal herbs, seaside grass, bamboo grass, bamboo bamboo soil, forest soil, fish, seaweed, fruits, pineapples, apples, mandarin oranges, loquat and grapes are particularly effective. . These indigenous bacteria are used after harvesting wormwood and the like, marinating them and giving them nutrients, and then cultivating them with rice bran and sawdust. Similarly, other fungi can be collected from animals, plants and soils constituting the natural environment of the sea, the field, and the land, and cultured for use.

  The rotating body 20 provided in the casing 10 includes a hollow rotating shaft 21, a hollow stirring rod 22 that is spirally spaced in the longitudinal direction at a pitch of 90 degrees around the rotating shaft 21, and protrudes radially. The rotating direction which applies the said feed which has the heat sink 23 attached to the circumference | surroundings of 22 and inclined so that the feed part might be comprised, and the scraping scraper 40 attached to the outer end of the stirring rod 22 And is driven to rotate by the inverter motor M1. The hollow rotary shaft 21 has a plurality of holes 21a and 21b in the peripheral direction at positions corresponding to the steam intake / discharge holes of the sleeve portions 30b and 35b at the upstream end and the downstream end. The scraper 40 has an attaching portion to the stirring rod 22 and a scraping portion having a blade inclined so as to feed the scraped material. The scraping portions are formed in two places so that when one is worn, the other can be used.

  The heating part H1 on the casing side includes a steam supply pipe 31 that supplies superheated or saturated steam generated from the boiler 5 to the hollow steam chamber 12c formed inside the peripheral wall of the lower casing 12 through bearings 30 and 35. The steam exhaust pipe 36 for returning the heated steam to the boiler 5 is connected. The auxiliary heating unit H2 on the rotating body side is provided with bearings 30 and 35 for superheated or saturated steam from the steam supply pipe 31 to the rotating shaft steam chamber 21c and the stirring rod steam chamber 22c of the hollow steam chamber formed inside the rotating body 20. The heated steam is returned to the boiler 5 through the steam discharge pipe 36. A drain pipe 12e with a valve is connected to the lowest part of the hollow steam chamber 12c. The upstream bearing 30 has a sleeve portion 30 b that supports the rotary shaft 21 in a cylindrical housing 30 a connected to the steam supply pipe 31. The interior of the housing 30a communicates with the rotary shaft steam chamber 21c through a plurality of holes around the sleeve portion 30b and also communicates with the hollow steam chamber 12c on the peripheral wall of the lower casing 12. The downstream bearing 35 can also have the same structure as the upstream bearing 30 (the through hole of the shaft 21 is closed with a closing flange), and the connection to the steam supply pipe 31 can be a connection to the steam discharge pipe 36. . In the illustrated example, the downstream bearing 35 has a sleeve portion 35b that supports the rotary shaft 21 in a cylindrical housing 35a, and the inside of the housing 35a has a plurality of holes around the sleeve portion 35b. And communicates with the hollow steam chamber 12c on the peripheral wall of the lower casing 12. When the downstream side bearing 35 is not provided with the steam exhaust pipe 36 unlike the upstream side bearing 30, the steam exhaust pipe 36 ′ can be connected to the hollow steam chamber 12 c on the peripheral wall of the lower casing 12.

  The condensing parts 50 are formed on both end walls of the upper casing 11, respectively, a supply water chamber 11 b to which cooling water is supplied by the supply pump P, a discharge water chamber 11 c that receives and discharges the cooled water, and a supply water chamber. 11b and the discharge water chamber 11c, one end and the other end connected to each other, a plurality of cooling water pipes 53 provided in the longitudinal direction of the casing, a discharge port 59 for discharging the condensed water G, and the supply water chamber 11b and the discharge Between the water chambers 11c, a bowl-shaped water collecting portion 51 of condensed water G provided in the longitudinal direction of the casing along both side edges of the upper casing 12 is provided. The water collecting unit 51 collects condensed water G that is cooled and condensed on the inner surface of the upper casing 11 in addition to the condensed water G by the cooling water pipe 53.

  The cooling tower 60 is supplied with condensed water G and air sucked from the discharge port 59 by the vacuum pump VP. The cooling tower 60 cools the cooling water received from the discharge water chamber 11c with wind, and supplies the cooled cooling water to the supply pump P. Moreover, in the cooling tower, in addition to cooling the cooling water, the condensed water is decomposed.

  The cooling tower 60 includes a nozzle 62 for injecting cooling water, a flow lower part 63 to which the cooling water injected from the nozzle 62 flows down, a fan 64 for sending air to the cooling water flowing through the flow lower part 63, and the flow down 63. The water tank part 61 which receives the cooling water which flowed through is provided. The water tank 61 is connected to a cooling water pipe from which the cooling water is led from the condensing part 50 and a condensed water pipe from which the condensed water is led from the vacuum pump VP. A dust separator is interposed in the condensed water pipe. One end of a watering pipe provided with a watering pump 65 is opened in the water tank portion 61, and the other end of the watering pipe is connected to the nozzle 62. In the flow lower part 63, a porous filler made of resin is disposed. In the cooling tower 60, the condensed water guided to the water tank unit 61 is mixed with the cooling water, and the cooling water mixed with this condensed water is guided to the nozzle 62. When the cooling water sprayed from the nozzle 62 flows through the lower part 63, the temperature is lowered by the wind from the fan and flows into the water tank unit 61. The cooling water cooled by the cooling tower 60 is returned to the condensing unit 50 by the cooling water pump P.

  The cooling water circulating between the cooling tower 60 and the condensing unit 50 contains a plurality of types of microorganisms. The microorganisms contained in the cooling water are substantially the same as the microorganisms contained in the workpiece W in the casing 10 described above. In addition, the microorganism may contain at least one of the plurality of enzymes described above. The microorganisms in the cooling water decompose and remove odor components and water-soluble harmful substances contained in the condensed water G. The decomposition of odor components and the like by the microorganisms is widely performed in a cooling water circulation path formed between the cooling tower 60 and the condensing unit 50. In particular, it is preferable to use the filler in the lower part 63 as a carrier for microorganisms and promote microbial degradation in the lower part 63.

  The reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus 1 used in each of the above embodiments reduces the concentration of odor components and the like as a whole by mixing the condensed water G with the cooling water, so that treatment of microorganisms even if the odor components and the like of the condensed water G increase. There is little possibility of exceeding the capacity, and stable microbial treatment can be performed. Moreover, since the inside of the casing 10 is depressurized, the temperature rise of the cooling water when the cooling water exchanges heat with gas in the condensing unit 50 is relatively small, and the temperature of the cooling water is approximately 40 to 45 ° C. . Thereby, the inconvenience that the microorganisms in cooling water die by high temperature is prevented, the microorganisms are stably activated, and the condensed water G can be stably treated with microorganisms. Further, in the cooling tower 60, since the evaporation of the cooling water is promoted, the overflow hardly occurs. Moreover, the odor components and the like in the condensed water G are diluted with cooling water and are highly decomposed and removed. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent inconvenience that odor components and harmful components are discharged to the outside of the reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus 1. Moreover, the air in the casing 10 is guided to the water tank 61 together with the condensed water via the condensed water pipe by the vacuum pump VP. Odor components and the like contained in the air guided to the water tank unit 61 are dissolved in contact with the cooling water in the water tank unit 61 or the cooling water dripped from the lower part 63, and are decomposed and removed by microorganisms of the cooling water. The As described above, the cooling tower 60 also functions as a scrubber for air guided from the casing 10.

  Further, since the condensed water G is replenished in the cooling tower 60, the amount of replenished fresh water g to the water tank 61 can be reduced. The condensed water G is supplied to the water tank 61 after passing through a dust separator (not shown). The water tank 61 may be provided with a catalyst for removing odor components and predetermined components. Further, the catalyst may be included in the filler of the lower flow 63.

  The reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus 1 used in each of the above embodiments enables microbial treatment in both the workpiece W and the cooling water by reducing the pressure inside the casing 10 with the vacuum pump VP. That is, the inside of the casing 10 is depressurized, and the boiling point of moisture mainly contained in the workpiece W is made lower than 100 ° C., thereby preventing the death of microorganisms accompanying the heating of the workpiece W. At the same time, the condensation temperature of the gas in the condensing unit 50 is lowered to reduce the temperature rise of the cooling water that exchanges heat with the gas in the condensing unit 50, thereby preventing the death of microorganisms due to the temperature rise of the cooling water. . As a result, the to-be-processed object W can be prevented from being spoiled to reduce the amount of odorous components and the like, and the decomposition and removal efficiency of odorous components can be improved.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the rotating body. The rotating body 20 ′ is formed by providing a spiral tube 22 ′ around the hollow rotating shaft 21 ′ instead of the stirring rod 22. The rotating body 20 ′ is wound around the hollow rotating shaft 21 ′ in a spiral shape so that one end and the other end are connected to the hollow portion and the feeding portion is formed around the rotating shaft 21 ′. The spiral tube 22 ′ and the scraping portion 40 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the spiral tube are provided, and the hollow steam chamber is constituted by the rotary shaft hollow portion 21c ′ and the spiral tube hollow portion 22c ′. . The scraper 40 is attached to the tip of a rod 25 that protrudes from the outer periphery of the helical tube 22 'at a pitch of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction and at a helical pitch in the longitudinal direction. The spiral tube 22 ′ is divided into two blocks A and B in the longitudinal direction in order to prevent a significant decrease in the heating capacity on the downstream side, and the upstream ends of the spiral tubes of the respective blocks A and B have the same high temperature. The rotary shaft 21 ′ is connected to the upstream portion 21c ″ of the rotary shaft steam chamber 21c ′ so as to take in the heated steam, and the downstream end is connected to the rotary shaft steam chamber 21c ′. Further, the upstream side of the spiral tube 22 ′. Of the workpiece W by providing the stirring rod 22 and the heat dissipating plate 23 which is attached to the periphery of the stirring rod and constitutes the feeding portion over both sides of the outer end of the one end portion and the other end portion on the downstream side. The intake capacity and the discharge capacity can be strengthened at the supply section 11a and the unloading section 12b, and the spiral tube 22 'has a large surface area and a large contact area with the workpiece W, so that it is supplied to the inside. To be processed W Efficiently convey, it is possible to improve the drying efficiency. Therefore, it is preferable to dry such a high excess sludge moisture content.

  In the solid fuel production method of the reference example, using the reduced-pressure drying fermentation apparatus having the above-described configuration, about 80 minutes of reduced-pressure fermentation deodorization and about 1 hour into a mixture having a moisture content of 80% obtained by mixing wood waste and paper waste with excess sludge. By performing drying under reduced pressure for 30 minutes, a powdery deodorized dried product having a moisture content of about 15% and almost no odor can be obtained.

  The deodorized and dried product that has been subjected to the deodorizing and drying step and the waste plastic that has been crushed to a size of about 2 to 5 cm are introduced into a metering feeder and mixed. The mixing ratio of the deodorized dry product and the waste plastic is adjusted so that the calorie of the solid fuel obtained after compression molding is 5000 to 6500 kcal / kg. For example, it is preferable to mix waste plastics in a proportion of 90 to 150% with respect to the deodorized dry matter. The metering feeder includes a drum-shaped storage and mixing tank, a stirring blade that is disposed near the bottom of the storage and mixing tank and stirs the material charged into the tank, and a screw conveyor that cuts out the material from the bottom of the storage and mixing tank. The thing provided with can be used. The fixed amount feeder cuts out a predetermined amount of material and sends it to the compression molding process.

  In the method for producing a solid fuel according to the embodiment, using the reduced-pressure drying fermentation apparatus having the above-described configuration, excess sludge having a water content of about 90% is composed of reduced-pressure fermentation deodorization for about 3 hours and reduced-pressure heat drying for about 3 hours. By performing the deodorizing and drying process in two cycles of the initial operation and the quantitative operation, a powdery deodorized and dried product having a moisture content of about 15% and almost no odor can be obtained. In addition, the processing time of the reduced pressure fermentation deodorization and the reduced pressure heat drying may be another processing time, or the processing time may be different between the initial operation and the quantitative operation.

  In the embodiment, the deodorized and dried product obtained by performing the cycle of the deodorizing and drying step is temporarily stored in the same quantitative feeder as in the reference example, and a predetermined amount of material is cut out and sent to the compression molding step by the quantitative feeder. .

  In the compression molding step, it is preferable to use the following compression molding apparatus.

  FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a compression molding apparatus 100 used in the method for producing a solid fuel according to each of the above embodiments, and FIG. 6 is a side view of the compression molding apparatus 100.

  This compression molding apparatus 100 is a so-called multiformer that performs kneading, compression and molding while preventing the backflow of the material with a biaxial screw, and highly efficiently heat-compresses using frictional heat generated by the compression of the material. Molding is performed.

  The compression molding apparatus 100 is roughly configured by a processing unit 101 that performs kneading, compression, and molding of a workpiece, and a gear box 103 that drives the processing unit 101, a reduction gear V, a transmission device T, and a motor M2. Yes.

  The processing unit 101 accommodates a pair of helical shafts 102 and 102 for kneading and compressing the object to be processed in a casing 111 having an input port 112 for the object to be processed formed on the upper surface. A flange 113 is formed at the end of the casing 111 opposite to the gear box 103, and an end face plate 105 is fixed to the flange 113 with a bolt. A plurality of forming nozzles 153 for forming and discharging the compressed workpiece to be circular in cross section are attached to the end face plate 105. The side surface of the end face plate 105 and the edge of the flange 113 are connected by a link hinge device 151, and the end face plate 105 with the bolts removed can be rotated by the link hinge device 151.

  The end of a pair of rotating shafts 170 extending from the gear box 103 faces the surface of the casing 111 on the gear box 103 side, and a driving shaft 172 having a hexagonal cross section is connected to the leading ends of the rotating shafts 170 and 170. . The pair of drive shafts 172 extend in parallel to each other up to the vicinity of the inner surface of the end face plate 105. The helical shafts 102 are attached to the pair of drive shafts 172.

  The spiral shaft 102 has a shaft portion attached to the drive shaft 172 and a spiral blade portion formed on the peripheral surface of the shaft portion. The pair of spiral shafts 102 and 102 attached to the pair of drive shafts 172 and 172 are formed so that the spiral blade portions are formed in the opposite directions, and the spiral blade portions overlap each other when viewed from the extending direction of the shaft portion. Has been. The pair of rotating shafts 170, 170 are rotationally driven in opposite directions as indicated by arrows R1, R2. As a result, the spiral shaft 102 is rotationally driven so that the spiral blade portions overlap from top to bottom, sandwich the workpiece to be processed in the casing 111, and transfer to the end face plate 105 side while kneading and compressing. It is formed to do.

  The gear box 103 houses the pair of rotating shafts 170 and 170 and a spur gear 171 provided on the pair of rotating shafts 170 and 170 and meshing with each other. One of the pair of rotating shafts 170 is connected to a coupling 104 provided adjacent to the gear box 103. The coupling 104 is connected to the speed reducer V, and the rotational force transmitted from the motor M2 via the transmission T is decelerated by the speed reducer V, and the one rotary shaft 170 is coupled via the coupling 104. Is transmitted to. A rotational force is transmitted from the one rotating shaft 170 to the other rotating shaft 170 via the spur gear 171 so that the pair of rotating shafts 170 and 170 rotate in the opposite directions at a constant speed. .

  A cutting machine 106 is attached to the casing flange 113 via a cutting machine hinge 161, and the cutting object 106 cuts the bar-shaped workpiece discharged from the forming nozzle 153 of the end face plate 105. The cutting machine 106 includes rotary blades 161 and 161 that rotate around a rotation shaft connected to one end, and a rotary blade motor 163 that drives the rotary blade 161. The cutting machine hinge 161 of the cutting machine is fixed to the edge of the end face plate 105 opposite to the edge to which the link hinge device 151 is fixed, and the cutting machine 106 is opposite to the direction in which the end face plate 105 rotates. Can be rotated. The cutting machine 106 is disposed on the outer surface of the end face plate 105 with the end face plate 105 closing the end of the casing. When opening the end face plate 105, the end face plate 105 is rotated in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the cutting machine 106 in a state where the cutting machine 106 is rotated to the open position as shown in FIG. Accordingly, maintenance work for the end face plate 105, maintenance work for the spiral shaft 102 in the casing 111 performed by opening the end face plate 105, and maintenance work for the lining pieces in the casing 111 (the lining pieces will be described later). It can be done easily.

  FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view showing the inside of the processing unit 101.

  The pair of spiral shafts 102 and 102 accommodated in the processing unit 101 are, in order from the insertion port 112 side in the casing 111 toward the end face plate 105 side, a first spiral shaft 121, a second spiral shaft 122, A third spiral shaft 123 is formed. Each spiral shaft 121, 122, 123 is formed of shaft portions 121a, 122a, 123a and spiral blade portions 121b, 122b, 123b. The shaft portions 121 a and 122 a of the first and second spiral shafts are formed with through holes 121 c and 122 c having a hexagonal cross section inserted through the drive shaft 172 coaxially with the central axis. On the other hand, the shaft portion 123a of the third helical shaft is formed with a bottomed hole 123c having a hexagonal cross section that fits into the tip portion of the drive shaft 172 and is coaxial with the central axis. A bolt hole 124 connected to the bottomed hole 123c is provided on the end surface of the shaft portion 123a of the third spiral shaft. The first and second spiral shafts 121 and 122 are attached to the drive shaft 172 through the through holes 121c and 122c, and the third spiral shaft 123 is attached to the bottomed hole 123c. A bolt 125 is inserted into the bolt hole 124 on the end surface of the third spiral shaft 123, and the bolt 125 is screwed to the drive shaft 172 to fix the first to third spiral shafts 121, 122, 123 to the drive shaft 172. is doing.

  FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view showing the first, second, and third helical shafts 121, 122, and 123 that constitute the helical shaft 102. FIG. The first spiral shaft 121, the second spiral shaft 122, and the third spiral shaft 123 are formed such that the diameters D1, D2, and D3 of the shaft portions 121a, 122a, and 123a are increased in this order. Further, the pitches P1, P2, and P3 of the spiral blade portions 121b, 122b, and 123b are formed smaller in this order. Furthermore, the thicknesses T1, T2, and T3 of the spiral blade portions 121b, 122b, and 123b are formed larger in this order. Thereby, the volume of the processing chamber formed between the surface of each spiral shaft 121, 122, 123 and the inner surface of the casing 111 is set to the first spiral shaft 121, the second spiral shaft 122, and the third. It is made small in order with the spiral shaft 123. Therefore, the first spiral shaft 121, the second spiral shaft 122, and the third spiral shaft 123 reliably transfer the object to be processed without causing inconveniences such as biting, and sequentially process a large compressive force. Can be given to things. The volume of the part of the processing chamber facing the third spiral axis 123 is set to a ratio between 1/2 and 1/3 (hereinafter referred to as the volume of the part of the processing chamber facing the first spiral axis 121). The volume reduction ratio). By using the spiral shaft 102 having such a volume reduction ratio, an object having a bulk specific gravity of 0.025 at the time of charging and a bulk specific gravity of approximately 0.45 to 0 at the time of discharging from the molding nozzle 153 of the end face plate are used. It can be compressed to the extent of .5. In addition, a workpiece having a bulk specific gravity of 0.025 at the time of charging can be compressed to an extent that the true specific gravity is approximately between 0.8 and 1 when discharged from the molding nozzle 153.

  The end portion on the first spiral shaft side 121 of the shaft portion 122a of the second spiral shaft and the end portion on the second spiral shaft side 122 of the shaft portion 123a of the third spiral shaft are each formed in a tapered shape. Accordingly, when the workpiece is sequentially transferred by the first to third spiral shafts 121, 122, 123, even if the diameters of the shaft portions 121a, 122a, 123a are sequentially increased, the resistance given to the workpiece is reduced. I am doing so.

  In addition, the first spiral shaft 121, the second spiral shaft 122, and the third spiral shaft 123 all form one turn of the spiral blade portions 121b, 122b, and 123b. That is, one end of each of the spiral blade portions 121b, 122b, and 123b of each spiral shaft is at substantially the same circumferential position as the other end of the spiral blade 121b, 122b, and 123b when viewed from the axial direction. This facilitates the manufacture of the helical shafts 121, 122, 123, and facilitates maintenance work such as repair and replacement of the helical shafts 121, 122, 123.

  The third spiral shaft 123 has a flat portion extending substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the shaft portion 123a at the end of the spiral blade portion 123b. The flat portion is disposed close to the inner surface of the end face plate 105 and the third spiral shaft 123 is driven to rotate, so that the object to be processed compressed at high density is reliably pushed out from the forming nozzle 153 of the end face plate 105. I have to. Since the third helical shaft 123 gives the workpiece a maximum compressive force among the compressive forces given by the helical shafts 121, 122, 123, the amount of wear is larger than that of the other helical shafts. Chipping is likely to occur due to metal pieces mixed in. Therefore, the third spiral shaft 123 is composed of a base portion formed of chrome steel and a built-up portion formed by welding on the surface of the base portion. This built-up portion is preferably formed using a wear-resistant material such as tungsten carbide material.

  In the casing 111, a plurality of lining pieces 115, 115,... Surrounding the second and third spiral shafts 122, 123 are arranged. A processing chamber for an object to be processed is formed between the plurality of lining pieces 115 and the outer surfaces of the second and third spiral shafts 122 and 123. Eight lining pieces 115 are provided in the direction perpendicular to the second and third helical shafts 122 and 123, and two rows are provided in the axial direction of the second and third helical shafts 122 and 123. The two lining pieces 115 in the axial direction are constituted by a row that generally extends around the second helical axis 122 and a row that generally extends around the third helical axis 123.

  The lining piece 115 includes a main body constituting a part of the outer wall of the processing chamber, and a rod-shaped protrusion provided on the outer surface of the main body, and a wedge hole extending in a direction perpendicular to the axis is provided in the protrusion. Yes. The protruding portion is protruded outward from a through hole formed in the casing 111, and a wedge is inserted into a wedge hole disposed outside the casing 111, so that the lining piece 115 is fixed to the casing 111. Thus, the lining piece 115 can be easily attached to and detached from the casing 111 with a simple configuration.

  FIG. 8A is a front view showing the end face plate 105, and FIG. 8B is a plan view showing a state in which the end face plate 105 is attached to the casing 111.

  As shown in FIG. 8A, the end face plate 105 is provided with a plurality of discharge holes 152, 152... In a region through which the flat portion of the third spiral axis passes and is formed in the discharge hole 152. A nozzle 153 is inserted. Steps are formed in the openings on both the front and back sides of the discharge hole 152, and a flange provided at the end of the nozzle is locked to the step of the discharge hole so that the molding nozzle 153 is attached to the discharge hole 152. ing. As shown in FIG. 7A, the molding nozzle 153 is attached in the discharge hole 152 with the flange 153a facing the casing 111. The tip portion of the molding nozzle 153 protrudes outward from the surface of the end face plate 105 over a length of 5 mm to 10 mm. The end face plate 105 is provided with a through hole 105a over the entire periphery of the edge, and is fixed to the casing flange 113 by a bolt inserted into the through hole 105a.

  The end face plate 105 incorporates a linear heater 154 extending in the vertical direction. The heater 154 is a resistance heating type heater that generates heat by electric resistance. The heaters 154 are arranged in a plurality of rows in the width direction and in two rows in the thickness direction. By arranging the heaters 154 in two rows in the thickness direction of the end face plate 105, the heating characteristics of the object to be processed can be hardly changed even when the mounting surfaces are exchanged between the front and back surfaces. In addition, even if one heater 154 in the thickness direction fails, the workpiece can be heated by the other heater 154, so that the reliability of the heating function can be improved.

  A temperature sensor 155 is provided on the end face plate 105. Specifically, a sleeve-shaped temperature sensor 155 is fitted on the outer surface of the tip portion of the forming nozzle 153 protruding from the end face plate 105. A plate-like temperature sensor may be fixed to the tip of the forming nozzle 153 with a band or the like. This temperature sensor 155 detects the temperature of the processed object pushed out of the casing 111. The temperature sensor 155 is connected to the heater control unit. The temperature sensor may be incorporated in the end face plate 105. Specifically, the main body may be embedded in the end face plate 105 so that the heat receiving portion is exposed on the inner surface of the predetermined discharge hole 152 among the plurality of discharge holes 152. Or you may detect the temperature of the solid fuel discharged | emitted from the shaping | molding nozzle 153, and falling to the lower bucket with an infrared temperature sensor. In short, it is only necessary to detect the temperature of the object processed by the spiral shaft 102. Based on the detection data from the temperature sensor, the heater control unit controls the temperature of the heater 154 so that the temperature of the workpiece to be extruded from the forming nozzle 153 is 100 to 180 ° C.

  A terminal case 156 is attached to the upper end of the end face plate 105. The terminal case 156 accommodates power wiring connected to the 112 heaters 154, and a connector connected to the power wiring is provided on a side surface of the terminal case 156. The terminal case 156 contains a signal wiring connected to the temperature sensor 155, and a connector 157 connected to the signal wiring is provided at the upper end. Further, the terminal case 156 is connected to the upper end of the end face plate 105 by a suspension bolt 158, and the end face plate 105 is suspended via the terminal case 156 by suspending the eye bolt 159 fixed to the upper surface of the terminal case 156. Can be suspended. In FIG. 8B, the terminal case 156 is not shown.

  The link hinge device 151 that rotatably connects the end face plate 105 to the flange 113 of the casing is formed including a link mechanism. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8B, the link hinge device 151 includes an end face plate-side metal fitting 151a fixed to the side surface of the end face plate 105, and a flange-side metal fitting 151b fixed near the front edge of the flange 113. The two are connected by two intermediate arms 151c and 151c. The end face plate-side metal fitting 151a and the intermediate arm 151c, the two intermediate arms 151c and 151c, and the intermediate arm 151c and the flange-side metal fitting 151b are connected to each other by pins 151e. . In the link hinge device 151, while the angle between the two intermediate arms 151c and 151c is changed, one intermediate arm 151c rotates with respect to the end face plate side metal fitting 151a, and the flange side metal fitting 151b is rotated. The other intermediate arm 151c rotates. Thereby, the end face plate 105 can be rotated and can be moved horizontally in the thickness direction. By forming the end face plate 105 so as to be horizontally movable in the thickness direction, the end face plate 105 can be fixed to the flange 113 with a frame-like spacer sandwiched between the flange 113 of the casing and the end face plate 105. When the end face plate 105 is attached to the casing flange 113 by a hinge having only a pivoting function, if the end face plate 105 is fixed to the flange 113 with the spacer interposed therebetween, the thickness of the spacer causes the end face plate 105 to be separated from the hinge of the end face plate 105. A distant part cannot adhere to the flange 113.

  The end face plate 105 has a plurality of bolt holes 105b, 105b,... To which the end face plate side metal fitting 151a is attached on both side faces. Further, the end face plate 105 has the discharge hole 152 formed with stepped portions 152a to which the nozzle flange 153a is engaged on both the front and back surfaces. Thereby, as for the end surface board 105, the attachment surface attached toward the inside of the casing 111 is exchangeable between front and back both surfaces. Therefore, the end face plate 105 can be used by replacing both sides even though the end face plate 105 receives a high compressive force of the object to be processed by the third spiral shaft 123 and has a relatively large wear amount. Therefore, a relatively long service life can be obtained. It is done.

  By the compression molding apparatus 100 having the above-described configuration, an object to be treated in which excess sludge as a low calorie component and paper waste, wood waste as an increasing component, and plastic as a high calorie binder component are mixed as follows. Thus, kneading, compression and molding are performed.

  First, power is supplied to the end plate heater 154 to preheat the end plate 105. As a result, the object to be processed in the molding nozzle 153 remaining and solidified at the end of the previous operation is melted and easily discharged from the molding nozzle 153.

  Subsequently, the motor M <b> 2 is started, and the rotational force of the motor M <b> 2 is transmitted to the rotary shaft 170 via the transmission T, the speed reducer V, and the coupling 104. The pair of rotating shafts 170 in the gear box 103 rotate in opposite directions, and the pair of helical shafts 102 and 102 attached to the drive shaft 172 rotate in opposite directions in the casing 111. The pair of spiral shafts 102 and 102 rotate in the direction from the top to the bottom in the front view and toward the inside in the width direction in the plan view. The helical shaft 102 preferably rotates at a relatively low speed of 30 rpm (rotation per minute) or more and 60 rpm or less.

  When the driving of the processing unit 1 is started in this manner, the input of the workpiece to be processed cut out from the fixed quantity feeder into the input port 112 of the casing 111 is started.

  In the casing 111, the charged workpiece is sandwiched and kneaded by the pair of first spiral shafts 121, and reliably transferred to the second spiral shaft 122 side by a powerful sandwiching force. The second spiral shaft 122 guides the workpiece into a processing chamber formed between the second spiral shaft 122 and the lining piece 115, and kneads and compresses the workpiece. Since the workpiece guided into the processing chamber is kneaded and compressed while being fed to the end face plate 105 side by the rotation of the second spiral shaft 122, backflow of the workpiece is effectively prevented. Subsequently, the third spiral shaft 123 guides the workpiece into the processing chamber formed between the third spiral shaft 123 and the lining piece 115 and performs further kneading and compression. The first, second, and third spiral shafts 121, 122, and 123 are formed such that the diameters D1, D2, and D3 of the shaft portions 121a, 122a, and 123a are increased in this order, and the pitch P1 of the spiral blade portions 121b, 122b, and 123b is formed. , P2 and P3 are formed large, and the thicknesses T1, T2 and T3 of the spiral blade portions 121b, 122b and 123b are formed large, so that there is no inconvenience such as biting of the object to be processed and density reduction. Can be effectively kneaded and compressed.

  In addition, the first, second and third helical shafts 121, 122, 123 effectively generate compression heat and frictional heat on the object to be processed by kneading them by sequentially applying a large compressive force to the object. Can be made. Thereby, a melted material such as plastic contained in the object to be processed can be effectively melted. In the reference example, this heat of compression and frictional heat is between 40 wt% and 60 wt% of the high calorific component contained in the workpiece, and between 45 wt% and 60 wt% of the low calorific component and the increasing component. Can be effectively generated in some cases. As described above, the melt can be sufficiently melted by the compression heat or frictional heat of the object to be processed, and therefore the melt of the object to be processed can be sufficiently dissolved only by auxiliary heating by the heater 154 of the end face plate 105. Can do. Note that the heater 154 of the end face plate 105 is preferably heated so that the workpiece has a temperature in the range of 100 ° C. to 180 ° C. By setting the object to be processed to 100 ° C. or higher, the melt can be sufficiently dissolved, and by setting the object to be processed to 180 ° C. or lower, generation of chlorine-based gas can be prevented.

  The object to be processed, which is guided to the third spiral shaft 123 and compressed at a high pressure, is extruded in a rod shape from the forming nozzle 153 of the end face plate 105 in a state where the melt is melted. The extruded bar-shaped workpiece is cut into a predetermined length by the cutting machine 106, dropped into a bucket disposed below, and collected. The rod-shaped workpiece to be cut to a predetermined length becomes a solid fuel as the melt is solidified as the temperature drops. In addition, you may cool the to-be-processed object after a cutting | disconnection with a cooling device.

  In the reference example, the solid fuel obtained as described above has a moisture content of 15% or less, preferably 10% or less, and has a calorific value of 5000 to 6500 kcal / kg. Can be used.

  In the embodiment, the solid fuel obtained as described above has a moisture content of 15% or less, preferably 10% or less, and has a heat quantity of 3300 to 3800 kcal / kg. It can be used as a fuel for alternative applications.

  As described above, according to the reference example, reduced-pressure fermentation and reduced-pressure heat drying are performed on a mixture of organic waste such as excess sludge and an increasing component composed of at least one of wood waste, paper waste, waste waste, and fiber waste. After effectively deodorizing and drying by performing, a high heat quantity binder component made of waste plastic is added, kneaded, compressed and molded, and solidified to produce a solid fuel that can replace coal and the like. Therefore, it is possible to reduce a large amount of expenses conventionally required for disposal of organic waste such as excess sludge.

  In addition, according to the embodiment, the organic waste such as excess sludge is subjected to a cycle process in which the deodorizing and drying process is repeated a plurality of times to significantly reduce moisture and odor, and then only the organic waste to be treated is treated. By compressing, forming and solidifying as a material, a solid fuel having a calorific value equivalent to paper waste or wood waste can be produced. As a result, organic waste can be treated effectively and effectively, and a great amount of expenses required for conventional disposal can be reduced.

  In each of the above embodiments, a multi-former having a biaxial screw is used as the molding apparatus, but a pellet mill may be used. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example of a main part of the pellet mill. The pellet mill includes a rotating cylindrical body 190 having a die hole 190a provided in a body portion, and two rolling wheels 191 and 191 having an outer surface disposed close to an inner surface of the rotating cylindrical body. A large number of axial grooves are formed on the surface of the rolling wheel 191 to reduce the slip of the object to be processed and facilitate the uptake. The rotating cylindrical body 190 and the rolling wheels 191 and 191 are rotationally driven in directions indicated by arrows R91 and R92, respectively, and the object to be processed is supplied into the rotating cylindrical body 190. The workpiece is sandwiched between the inner side surface of the rotating cylindrical body 190 and the outer side surface of the rolling wheel 191 and compressed, and is pushed out from the die hole 190a of the body portion of the rotating cylindrical body 190 into a pellet shape. The extruded object to be processed is cut out to a predetermined length by fixed blades 193 and 193 arranged to face the body of the rotating cylindrical body 190 to obtain a solid fuel. The pellet mill is suitable for producing a relatively small diameter solid fuel having a diameter of up to about 10 mm, and when the moisture content of the workpiece before molding is small and heating of the workpiece is unnecessary. Is preferred.

  Moreover, in each said embodiment, as an organic waste, it is not restricted to using only excess sludge, Agricultural waste, such as processing residue of a plant residue or agricultural and fishery food, etc., fishery waste Waste, agricultural and fishery processing industry waste and food industry waste can be used. Further, as the waste plastic of the high calorie binder component of the reference example, in addition to simple substances such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, polyurethane and polystyrene, composites of various synthetic resins can be used. In addition, newspaper waste, copy paper, cardboard, etc. can be used as the paper waste of the increasing component of the reference example, and as wood waste, pallets, wood, packing wood, plywood, pruned wood waste, leaves, grass and tree roots are widely used. Can be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pressure-reduction-fermentation drying apparatus 5 Boiler 10 Casing 11 Upper casing 12 Lower casing 20 Rotating body 50 Condensing part 60 Cooling tower G Condensed water VP Vacuum pump W To-be-processed object 100 Compression molding apparatus

Claims (10)

A solid fuel obtained by compression-molding and solidifying a material obtained by deodorizing and drying organic waste, adjusted to a calorific value of 3300 to 3800 kcal / kg under conditions of a moisture content of 15% or less,
The material obtained by deodorizing and drying the organic waste is fermented and dried in a reduced-pressure fermentation dryer.
The reduced pressure fermentation drying apparatus
A casing in which organic waste to which microorganisms are added is supplied to the inside and the inside is decompressed,
A heating unit that is provided at a lower portion of the casing and is supplied with a heat medium to heat organic waste in the casing;
A rotating body that has a hollow rotating shaft and a feeding unit to which a heat medium is supplied, a scraping unit fixed to the feeding unit, and is rotated and stirred while heating organic waste;
A condensing part that is provided in the casing and condenses the vapor generated from the organic waste;
A vacuum pump that sucks air in the casing together with the condensed water condensed in the condensing unit,
Condensed water and air sucked by the vacuum pump are supplied, and cooling water to which microorganisms are added and circulates between the condensing parts is provided with a cooling tower for mixing the condensed water and air. Solid fuel using organic waste.   2. The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste includes at least one of surplus sludge, livestock manure, agricultural waste, marine waste, agricultural and fishery processing waste, and food industrial waste. A process of subjecting organic waste to fermentation deodorization under reduced pressure and a step of heat drying under reduced pressure to deodorize and dry;
A cycle process in which the process of deodorizing and drying the organic waste is repeated a plurality of times;
Compressing and molding the object to be treated after deodorizing and drying,
Adjusted to a moisture content of 15% or less and a calorie of 3300-3800 kcal / kg,
The step of deodorizing and drying the organic waste uses a reduced-pressure fermentation drying apparatus,
A casing in which organic waste to which microorganisms are added is supplied to the inside and the inside is decompressed,
A heating unit that is provided at a lower portion of the casing and is supplied with a heat medium to heat organic waste in the casing;
A rotating body that has a hollow rotating shaft and a feeding unit to which a heat medium is supplied, a scraping unit fixed to the feeding unit, and is rotated and stirred while heating organic waste;
A condensing part that is provided in the casing and condenses the vapor generated from the organic waste;
A vacuum pump that sucks air in the casing together with the condensed water condensed in the condensing unit,
Condensed water and air sucked by the vacuum pump are supplied, and cooling water to which microorganisms are added and circulates between the condensing parts is provided with a cooling tower for mixing the condensed water and air. A method for producing a solid fuel using organic waste.   The cycle process includes an initial operation for performing at least one cycle of a deodorizing and drying process on organic waste less than a rated amount, and a quantitative operation for performing a deodorizing and drying process on a rated amount of organic waste after the initial operation. A method for producing a solid fuel using the organic waste according to 3.   The solid fuel using the organic waste according to claim 4, wherein each time the quantitative operation of the cycle process ends, a part of the object to be treated is discharged and new organic waste is supplied until the rated amount is reached. Production method.   The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 3, wherein indigenous bacteria that inhabit the sea, mountains and land are collected, cultured and used in the fermentation deodorization step.   The indigenous bacteria include wormwood, wild grass, medicinal herbs, seaside grass, bamboo grass, bamboo bamboo soil, mountain forest soil, fish, seaweed, fruits, pineapple, apples, mandarin oranges, loquat, and grapes, The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 6, wherein the method is used after culturing with rice bran or sawdust.   The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 3, wherein the reduced pressure condition during the reduced pressure fermentation is smaller than the reduced pressure condition during the reduced pressure drying, and the amount of reduced pressure is gradually or stepwise increased when moving from the reduced pressure fermentation to the reduced pressure drying.   The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 3, wherein the moisture content of the material is dried by heating to 15% or less during molding.   The indigenous bacteria are alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, L aspartate beta-semialdehyde NADP oxidectase, glutamate dehydrogenase. Anase, Aspartate Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase, NADPH2 Cytochrome C Reactase, Glutathione Dehydrogenase, Trehalose Phosphate Syntectase, Polyphosphae Kinase, Ethanolamine Phosphaid Cytidyltransferase, Trehalose Phosphatase, metalthio phosphoglycerate phosphatase, inulase, β-mannositase, uridine nucleositase, cytosine diaminase Methylcysteine synthetase, aspartate synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, aconitinate hydrogenase, fumarate hydrogenase, maleate dehydrogenase, citrate synthetase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, LSNADP oxidase, monoamine An enzyme comprising at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of oxyductase, histamine, pyruvate decarboxylase, ATPase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase, endopolyphosphatase, ATP phosphohydrolase, orotidine pentaphosphate decarboxylase 6. A method for producing a solid fuel according to 6.

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