JP7023480B2 - Recycled fuel manufacturing equipment and recycled fuel manufacturing method - Google Patents

Recycled fuel manufacturing equipment and recycled fuel manufacturing method Download PDF

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JP7023480B2
JP7023480B2 JP2017105345A JP2017105345A JP7023480B2 JP 7023480 B2 JP7023480 B2 JP 7023480B2 JP 2017105345 A JP2017105345 A JP 2017105345A JP 2017105345 A JP2017105345 A JP 2017105345A JP 7023480 B2 JP7023480 B2 JP 7023480B2
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waste
recycled fuel
drying
pelletization
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JP2018199785A (en
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由保 三宅
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有限会社ワイ・エム・イー
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/403—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on paper and paper waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/22—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by pressing in moulds or between rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/406—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on plastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Description

特許法第３０条第２項適用 （１）刊行物による公開，大分合同新聞（平成２８年１２月１日付朝刊）（２）ウェブサイトによる公開，大分合同新聞ウェブサイト（平成２８年１２月１日）ＵＲＬ：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｉｔａ－ｐｒｅｓｓ．ｃｏｏ．ｊｐ／１０１０００００００／２０１６／１２／０１／ＪＤ００５５２４７２３８Application of Article 30, Paragraph 2 of the Patent Act (1) Publication by publication, Oita Godo Shimbun (morning edition dated December 1, 2016) (2) Publication by website, Oita Godo Shimbun website (December 1, 2016) Sun) URL: http: // www. oita-press. coo. jp / 1010000000000/2016/12/01 / JD0055247238

本発明は、廃プラスチック、紙、食品残渣等を含む有機系混合廃棄物からリサイクル燃料を製造するリサイクル燃料製造装置及びリサイクル燃料製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus and a recycled fuel manufacturing method for manufacturing recycled fuel from organic mixed waste containing waste plastic, paper, food residue and the like.

従来、廃プラスチック、紙、食品残渣等を含む有機系混合廃棄物（一般事業系廃棄物）は焼却処分されることが主流であった。
そして、その焼却による熱を利用して、例えば隣接する温水プールの水を温めたり、そのゴミ処理場においてボイラー等の熱源として利用されていた。 Conventionally, organic mixed waste (general business waste) containing waste plastic, paper, food residue, etc. has been mainly incinerated.
Then, the heat generated by the incinerator was used to heat, for example, the water in an adjacent heated pool, or used as a heat source for a boiler or the like in the waste treatment plant.

しかし、ゴミ処理場及びその近辺において有効に再利用できる熱量は限られており、無駄になってしまう熱も少なくなかった。 However, the amount of heat that can be effectively reused in and around the waste disposal site is limited, and there is not a small amount of wasted heat.

そこで、そのような有機系混合廃棄物をゴミ処理場において焼却処分するのではなく、リサイクル燃料として再生する方法が開示されている（例えば、特許文献１，２参照） Therefore, a method of recycling such organic mixed waste as recycled fuel instead of incinerating it at a waste disposal site is disclosed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

このような方法によると、有機系混合廃棄物をリサイクル燃料としてペレット化することで、そのリサイクル燃料を運搬して必要なときに必要な場所で燃焼させることができるので、無駄になる熱がほとんど無くなった。 According to such a method, by pelletizing organic mixed waste as recycled fuel, the recycled fuel can be transported and burned when and where it is needed, so that most of the heat is wasted. Lost.

さらに、この方法によってゴミは貴重な資源に変化したということであり、従来は費用を掛けて焼却処分していた有機系混合廃棄物を、リサイクル燃料として売却することすら可能になった。 Furthermore, this method has turned garbage into a valuable resource, and it has become possible to even sell organic mixed waste, which was previously incinerated at a high cost, as recycled fuel.

特許第５５３７６１４号公報Japanese Patent No. 5537614 特許第５６９８７１１号公報Japanese Patent No. 5698711

ここで、元々焼却処分されていた有機系混合廃棄物をリサイクル燃料として再生できていること自体、非常に有益なことであり、環境面にとっても大きなメリットがあるが、本出願人はさらなる創意工夫を行い、より安価にリサイクル燃料を製造することに成功した。 Here, the fact that the organic mixed waste that was originally incinerated can be recycled as recycled fuel is extremely beneficial and has great environmental benefits, but the applicant has further ingenuity. And succeeded in producing recycled fuel at a lower cost.

そこで、本発明の目的とするところは、リサイクル燃料の製造コストが低廉なリサイクル燃料製造装置及びリサイクル燃料製造方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus and a recycled fuel manufacturing method in which the manufacturing cost of the recycled fuel is low.

上記の目的を達成するために、本発明の請求項１に記載のリサイクル燃料製造装置（１）は、廃プラスチック、紙、食品残渣を含む有機系混合廃棄物からリサイクル燃料を製造する装置であって、前記有機系混合廃棄物が入れられた袋を破る破袋部（１０）と、前記有機系混合廃棄物を前記食品残渣である第一廃棄物と、それ以外の廃棄物が混合した第二廃棄物に分別する分別部（２０）と、前記分別した第一廃棄物を乾燥させる乾燥部（３０）と、前記乾燥した第一廃棄物をペレット化させる第一ペレット化部（４０）と、前記分別した第二廃棄物を破砕する破砕部（５０）と、前記破砕した第二廃棄物をペレット化する第二ペレット化部（６０）と、を備え、前記第二廃棄物を積極的に乾燥させる機構を有さず、しかも前記第二ペレット化部（６０）は、孔（６２）が三段階に段階的に縮径し前記孔（６２）に前記第二廃棄物が圧入されるダイス（６１）を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the recycled fuel production apparatus (1) according to claim 1 of the present invention is an apparatus for producing recycled fuel from organic mixed waste containing waste plastic, paper, and food residue . The bag-breaking portion (10) that breaks the bag containing the organic mixed waste, the first waste that is the food residue of the organic mixed waste, and the other waste are mixed. (Ii) A sorting unit (20) that separates the separated waste, a drying unit (30) that dries the separated first waste, and a first pelletizing unit (40) that pelletizes the dried first waste. The second waste is positively provided with a crushing unit (50) for crushing the separated second waste and a second pelletizing unit (60) for pelletizing the crushed second waste. In the second pelletization section (60), the hole (62) is gradually reduced in diameter in three stages, and the second waste is press-fitted into the hole (62). It is characterized by having a die (61) .

また、請求項２に記載のリサイクル燃料製造方法は、廃プラスチック、紙、食品残渣を含む有機系混合廃棄物からリサイクル燃料を製造する方法であって、前記有機系混合廃棄物が入れられた袋を破る破袋工程（１００）と、前記有機系混合廃棄物を前記食品残渣である第一廃棄物と、それ以外の廃棄物が混合した第二廃棄物に分別する分別工程（２００）と、前記分別した第一廃棄物を乾燥させる乾燥工程（３００）と、前記乾燥した第一廃棄物をペレット化させる第一ペレット化工程（４００）と、前記分別した第二廃棄物を破砕する破砕工程（５００）と、前記破砕した第二廃棄物をペレット化する第二ペレット化工程（６００）と、を備え、前記第二廃棄物を、一連の工程で積極的には乾燥させることなくペレット化し、しかも前記第二ペレット化工程（６００）において、前記第二廃棄物を三段階に段階式に縮径させるすることを特徴とする。 The method for producing recycled fuel according to claim 2 is a method for producing recycled fuel from organic mixed waste containing waste plastic, paper, and food residue , and is a bag containing the organic mixed waste. The bag-breaking step (100), and the sorting step (200) of separating the organic mixed waste into the first waste which is the food residue and the second waste which is a mixture of other wastes. A drying step (300) for drying the separated first waste, a first pelletization step (400) for pelletizing the dried first waste, and a crushing step for crushing the separated second waste. (500) and a second pelletization step (600) for pelletizing the crushed second waste are provided, and the second waste is pelletized in a series of steps without being actively dried. Moreover, in the second pelletization step (600), the diameter of the second waste is reduced in three stages .

ここで、上記括弧内の記号は、図面および後述する発明を実施するための形態に掲載された対応要素または対応事項を示す。 Here, the symbols in parentheses indicate the corresponding elements or corresponding items described in the drawings and the embodiment for carrying out the invention described later.

本発明の請求項１及び２に記載のリサイクル燃料製造装置、及び請求項５及び６に記載のリサイクル燃料製造方法によれば、第二廃棄物を積極的に乾燥させる機構を有さないので、乾燥に用いる燃料が少なくて済む。
つまり、従来のように分別前の有機系混合廃棄物を乾燥させる場合では第一廃棄物及び第二廃棄物を乾燥させることになるが、本発明においては第一廃棄物のみを乾燥させるので、乾燥に必要な燃料が少なくて済む。よって、第二廃棄物から製造されるリサイクル燃料の製造コストが低廉になる。 According to the recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claims 1 and 2 of the present invention and the recycled fuel manufacturing method according to claims 5 and 6, there is no mechanism for actively drying the second waste. Less fuel is used for drying.
That is, in the case of drying the organic mixed waste before sorting as in the conventional case, the first waste and the second waste are dried, but in the present invention, only the first waste is dried. Less fuel is required for drying. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the recycled fuel produced from the second waste becomes low.

また、請求項３に記載のリサイクル燃料製造装置、及び請求項７に記載のリサイクル燃料製造方法によれば、請求項１に記載の発明の作用効果に加え、第二ペレット化部は、孔が段階式に縮径し孔に第二廃棄物が圧入されるダイスを備えるので、第二廃棄物をリサイクル燃料として取扱いし易い。
つまり、ペレット化、すなわち固体化できないと取扱い難くゴミを燃料として再生できたとは言えないが、請求項３の装置では第二廃棄物を乾燥させなくても取扱いし易いペレットとすることができ、燃料としての価値がある。 Further, according to the recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3 and the recycled fuel manufacturing method according to claim 7, in addition to the action and effect of the invention according to claim 1, the second pelletization portion has a hole. Since the diameter is reduced stepwise and the hole is equipped with a die into which the second waste is press-fitted, the second waste can be easily handled as recycled fuel.
That is, it cannot be said that the waste can be recycled as fuel because it is difficult to handle unless it is pelletized, that is, solidified, but the apparatus according to claim 3 can make pellets that are easy to handle without drying the second waste. It is valuable as a fuel.

特に、請求項４に記載の発明のように、ダイスの孔の径が三段階になるように縮径すると、第二廃棄物を乾燥させなくても確実に第二廃棄物をペレット化可能である。
つまり、第二廃棄物を乾燥させるための費用が掛からず製造コストが低廉で、しかも確実に第二廃棄物をペレット化でき、取扱いが容易である。 In particular, as in the invention of claim 4, if the diameter of the hole of the die is reduced to three stages, the second waste can be reliably pelletized without drying the second waste. be.
That is, there is no cost for drying the second waste, the manufacturing cost is low, the second waste can be reliably pelletized, and the handling is easy.

なお、本発明のリサイクル燃料製造装置及びリサイクル燃料製造方法のように、第二廃棄物を積極的には乾燥させない点は、上述した特許文献１及び２には全く記載されていない。 It should be noted that the above-mentioned Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not describe at all that the second waste is not positively dried as in the recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus and the recycled fuel manufacturing method of the present invention.

本発明の実施形態に係るリサイクル燃料製造装置を示す機械的概略図である。It is a mechanical schematic diagram which shows the recycled fuel production apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 図１に示す第二ペレット化部におけるダイスを示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the die in the 2nd pelletization part shown in FIG. 図２に示すダイスの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the die shown in FIG. 本発明の実施形態に係るリサイクル燃料製造方法を示す工程図である。It is a process drawing which shows the recycled fuel manufacturing method which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

図１乃至図４を参照して、本発明の実施形態に係るリサイクル燃料製造装置１及びリサイクル燃料製造方法を説明する。
従来は、食品残渣以外の有機系混合廃棄物が混合した第二廃棄物を乾燥させないと第二廃棄物をペレット化できなかったが、本出願人は創意工夫により第二廃棄物を乾燥させなくても第二廃棄物をペレット化することに成功した。 The recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 and the recycled fuel manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
In the past, the second waste could not be pelletized unless the second waste mixed with organic mixed waste other than food residue was dried, but the applicant did not dry the second waste by ingenuity. However, we succeeded in pelletizing the second waste.

このリサイクル燃料製造装置１は、破袋部１０と、分別部２０と、乾燥部３０と、第一ペレット化部４０と、破砕部５０と、第二ペレット化部６０と、を備える。
破袋部１０、分別部２０、乾燥部３０、第一ペレット化部４０、及び破砕部５０は、従来と同様のものを使用している。 The recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 includes a bag breaking unit 10, a sorting unit 20, a drying unit 30, a first pelletizing unit 40, a crushing unit 50, and a second pelletizing unit 60.
As the bag breaking section 10, the sorting section 20, the drying section 30, the first pelletizing section 40, and the crushing section 50, the same ones as before are used.

また、このリサイクル燃料製造装置１に投入されるものは有機系混合廃棄物であって、一般事業系廃棄物と呼ばれる。具体的にはこの有機系混合廃棄物は、廃プラスチック、紙、少量の木、ウエス、食品残渣等を含む。 Further, what is put into the recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 is organic mixed waste, which is called general business waste. Specifically, this organic mixed waste includes waste plastic, paper, a small amount of wood, waste cloth, food residue and the like.

破袋部１０は、回転刃を備え、内容物を粗粉砕する。ここでの目的は廃プラスチック等を細かく壊すことではなく、食品残渣を次の分別部２０で分別可能にすることである。 The bag breaking portion 10 is provided with a rotary blade, and the contents are roughly crushed. The purpose here is not to break the waste plastic or the like into small pieces, but to make it possible to separate the food residue in the next sorting unit 20.

分別部２０では、風力分別や篩分けを行う。食品残渣は、篩の目を介して落下させる。
分別後の食品残渣をここでは第一廃棄物と呼び、食品残渣以外の廃棄物が混合したものを第二廃棄物と呼ぶ。 The sorting unit 20 performs wind power sorting and sieving. Food residues are dropped through the mesh of a sieve.
The food residue after sorting is referred to as a first waste here, and a mixture of wastes other than the food residue is referred to as a second waste.

乾燥部３０は、第一廃棄物を格納する本体部と、空気を加熱するボイラーと、ボイラーで加熱された空気を本体部に送る送風機と、を備える。
この乾燥部３０は第一廃棄物を乾燥させるためだけのものである。 The drying unit 30 includes a main body unit for storing the first waste, a boiler for heating the air, and a blower for sending the air heated by the boiler to the main body unit.
The drying unit 30 is only for drying the first waste.

第一ペレット化部４０は、ダイスと、第一廃棄物をダイスに対して押し付ける圧力部を備える。また、第一廃棄物を撹拌のためのモーターと、第一廃棄物を上流から下流に送るためのモーターをそれぞれ別に設けた。
また、ダイスの下流直後にはカッターが設置されている。 The first pelletization unit 40 includes a die and a pressure unit that presses the first waste against the die. In addition, a motor for stirring the first waste and a motor for sending the first waste from upstream to downstream were separately provided.
In addition, a cutter is installed immediately after the downstream of the dice.

破砕部５０は、回転刃を備え、分別した第二廃棄物を破袋部１０における破袋よりも細かく破砕する。 The crushing section 50 is provided with a rotary blade, and crushes the separated second waste more finely than the sack breaking section 10.

第二ペレット化部６０は、図２に示すダイス６１と、圧力部を備え、第二廃棄物に対して圧力を掛けてダイス６１の孔６２を通すことで第二廃棄物をペレット化させるものである。
ここで、図３に示すように、ダイス６１の孔６２の直径を上流から下流へ順に２０ｍｍ、１８ｍｍ、１６ｍｍと、段階的に縮径している。
この上流とは破砕部５０側ということであり、図２においてはダイス６１を立てて記載しているが、ダイス６１を水平に設置しても当然問題は無い。ダイス６１を水平設置した場合の上流とは上方のことである。
また、ダイス６１の下流直後にはカッターが設置されている。 The second pelletizing section 60 includes the die 61 shown in FIG. 2 and a pressure section, and applies pressure to the second waste to pass through the hole 62 of the die 61 to pelletize the second waste. Is.
Here, as shown in FIG. 3, the diameter of the hole 62 of the die 61 is gradually reduced from upstream to downstream to 20 mm, 18 mm, and 16 mm.
This upstream means the crushing portion 50 side, and although the dice 61 is shown upright in FIG. 2, there is no problem even if the dice 61 is installed horizontally. When the dice 61 is installed horizontally, the upstream is the upper side.
Further, a cutter is installed immediately after the downstream of the die 61.

次に、以上のように構成されたリサイクル燃料製造装置１を使用した、リサイクル燃料製造方法について図４を参照して説明する。
このリサイクル燃料製造方法は、途中からラインが二つに分かれて、二種類のリサイクル燃料が製造される。
本実施形態に係るリサイクル燃料製造方法は、破袋工程１００、分別工程２００、乾燥工程３００、第一ペレット化工程４００、破砕工程５００、第二ペレット化工程６００と、を備える。 Next, a recycled fuel manufacturing method using the recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG. 4.
In this recycled fuel manufacturing method, the line is divided into two from the middle, and two types of recycled fuel are manufactured.
The recycled fuel manufacturing method according to the present embodiment includes a bag breaking step 100, a sorting step 200, a drying step 300, a first pelletizing step 400, a crushing step 500, and a second pelletizing step 600.

まず、破袋工程１００において、投入された有機系混合廃棄物が入れられたゴミ袋を破る。
例えば弁当容器内に残存している食品残渣が次の分別工程２００において落下して分別可能な程度に破袋（粗破砕）する。 First, in the bag breaking step 100, the garbage bag containing the charged organic mixed waste is broken.
For example, the food residue remaining in the lunch box falls in the next sorting step 200 and is crushed (coarsely crushed) to the extent that it can be separated.

次に分別工程２００において、有機系混合廃棄物を食品残渣である第一廃棄物と、それ以外の廃棄物が混合した第二廃棄物に分別する。
例えば、分別後にも弁当容器に食品残渣が多少残ることもあるが、この程度のことはここでは分別できたと呼ぶ。
ここで、分別後の第二廃棄物の含水率は通常２０～４０％程度である。 Next, in the sorting step 200, the organic mixed waste is separated into a first waste which is a food residue and a second waste in which other wastes are mixed.
For example, some food residue may remain in the bento container even after sorting, but this degree is referred to as being able to be sorted here.
Here, the water content of the second waste after separation is usually about 20 to 40%.

次に乾燥工程３００において、前工程で分別した第一廃棄物（食品残渣）を温風により乾燥させる。
次工程である第一ペレット化工程４００において確実にペレット化するだけの含水率になるまで乾燥させるが、乾燥させ過ぎても固まらなくなる。 Next, in the drying step 300, the first waste (food residue) separated in the previous step is dried with warm air.
In the first pelletization step 400, which is the next step, the mixture is dried until the water content is sufficient to be surely pelletized, but it does not harden even if it is dried too much.

次に第一ペレット化工程４００において、前工程で乾燥した第一廃棄物に圧力を掛けるとともにダイス６１を介し、カッターで所定の長さにすることで、ペレットにする。
出来上がったものをここでは第一ペレットと呼ぶ。 Next, in the first pelletization step 400, pressure is applied to the first waste dried in the previous step, and the pellets are made into pellets by making them into predetermined lengths with a cutter through a die 61.
The finished product is called the first pellet here.

そして、分別工程２００後に、乾燥工程３００とは別ラインとして破砕工程５００があり、その破砕工程５００では前工程で分別した第二廃棄物を回転刃によって数ｍｍ程度に破砕する。 Then, after the sorting step 200, there is a crushing step 500 as a line separate from the drying step 300, and in the crushing step 500, the second waste separated in the previous step is crushed to about several mm by a rotary blade.

次に第二ペレット化工程６００において、前工程で破砕した第二廃棄物に対して圧力を掛けながら段階的に縮径させて、圧縮成形された第二廃棄物をカッターによって所定の長さに切断する。この切断によって、固体燃料である第二ペレットになる。 Next, in the second pelletization step 600, the diameter of the second waste crushed in the previous step is gradually reduced while applying pressure, and the compression-molded second waste is reduced to a predetermined length by a cutter. Disconnect. This cutting results in a second pellet, which is a solid fuel.

ここでは第二廃棄物を、一連の工程で積極的には乾燥させることなくペレット化している。
つまり、第一ペレットの製造工程においては乾燥を行うが、第二ペレットの製造工程においては乾燥を行わない。 Here, the second waste is pelletized in a series of steps without being actively dried.
That is, drying is performed in the manufacturing process of the first pellet, but not in the manufacturing process of the second pellet.

また、第二ペレット化工程６００では第二廃棄物を積極的には加熱することはない。前工程での剪断熱や、ダイス６１の孔６２と第二廃棄物とが摩擦されることで第二廃棄物が昇温するが、これは上記加熱には含まないものとする。
さらに、第二ペレット化工程６００ではバインダーも投入しない。 Further, in the second pelletization step 600, the second waste is not positively heated. The temperature of the second waste rises due to the shear insulation in the previous step and the friction between the hole 62 of the die 61 and the second waste, but this is not included in the heating.
Further, in the second pelletization step 600, no binder is added.

以上のように構成されたリサイクル燃料製造装置１及びリサイクル燃料製造方法によれば、第二廃棄物を積極的に乾燥させるための機構を有さないので、乾燥に用いる燃料が少なくて済む。
つまり、従来のように分別前の有機系混合廃棄物を乾燥させる場合では第一廃棄物及び第二廃棄物の両方を乾燥させることになるが、本実施形態においては第一廃棄物のみを乾燥させるので、乾燥に必要な燃料が少なくて済む。よって、第二廃棄物から製造されるリサイクル燃料の製造コストが低廉になる。 According to the recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 and the recycled fuel manufacturing method configured as described above, since there is no mechanism for positively drying the second waste, less fuel is required for drying.
That is, in the case of drying the organic mixed waste before sorting as in the conventional case, both the first waste and the second waste are dried, but in the present embodiment, only the first waste is dried. Therefore, less fuel is required for drying. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the recycled fuel produced from the second waste becomes low.

また、第二ペレット化部６０は、孔６２が段階式に縮径し孔６２に第二廃棄物が圧入されるダイス６１を備えるので、第二廃棄物をリサイクル燃料として取扱いし易い。
つまり、ペレット化、すなわち固体化できないと取扱い難くゴミを燃料として再生できたとは言えないが、本実施形態に係る製造装置では第二廃棄物を乾燥させなくても取扱いし易いペレットとすることができ、燃料としての価値がある。 Further, since the second pelletization unit 60 includes a die 61 in which the hole 62 is gradually reduced in diameter and the second waste is press-fitted into the hole 62, the second waste can be easily handled as recycled fuel.
That is, it cannot be said that the waste can be recycled as fuel because it is difficult to handle unless it is pelletized, that is, solidified, but in the manufacturing apparatus according to the present embodiment, the pellets can be easily handled without drying the second waste. It can be used and is valuable as a fuel.

特に、ダイス６１の孔６２の径が三段階になるように縮径すると、第二廃棄物を乾燥させなくても確実に第二廃棄物をペレット化可能である。
つまり、第二廃棄物を乾燥させるための費用が掛からず製造コストが低廉で、しかも確実に第二廃棄物をペレット化でき、取扱いが容易である。 In particular, if the diameter of the hole 62 of the die 61 is reduced to three stages, the second waste can be reliably pelletized without drying the second waste.
That is, there is no cost for drying the second waste, the manufacturing cost is low, the second waste can be reliably pelletized, and the handling is easy.

なお、本実施形態において、第二ペレット化部６０のダイス６１の孔６２の径が三段階になるように縮径したが、これに限られるものではなく、例えば二段階でも四段階以上であってもよい。
また、ダイス６１の孔６２の直径は本実施形態に係る具体例に限られない。 In the present embodiment, the diameter of the hole 62 of the die 61 of the second pelletizing portion 60 is reduced to three stages, but the diameter is not limited to this, and for example, even two stages are four or more stages. You may.
Further, the diameter of the hole 62 of the die 61 is not limited to the specific example according to the present embodiment.

また、分別部２０等の各部位は一つの大きな機械の中に一連に構成されていてもよいし、各部位が独立したそれぞれの機械であってもよい。仮に各部位が独立していてもここではそれら全体を指してリサイクル燃料製造装置１と呼ぶ。 Further, each part such as the sorting unit 20 may be configured in a series in one large machine, or each part may be an independent machine. Even if each part is independent, the whole of them is referred to as a recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus 1 here.

また、一連の工程において有機系混合廃棄物の他に投入するものはおが屑や木屑等の油脂吸着剤のみであり、これも毎回投入するものではなく、必要があるときだけ投入すればよい。
加えて、有機系混合廃棄物に金属が混入していることがあるので、第一ペレット化工程４００や第二ペレット化工程６００の前に金属を分別する工程を加えてもよい。 In addition to the organic mixed waste, only oil and fat adsorbents such as sawdust and wood chips are added in a series of steps, and this is not added every time, but only when necessary.
In addition, since metal may be mixed in the organic mixed waste, a step of separating the metal may be added before the first pelletization step 400 and the second pelletization step 600.

また、第一廃棄物よりも第二廃棄物のほうが単位あたりの熱量が大きいが、出来上がるリサイクル燃料の単位あたりの熱量を調整するために第一ペレット化工程４００や第二ペレット化工程６００の前に、第二廃棄物の一部を第一廃棄物に加える調整工程を設けてもよい。 Further, although the amount of heat per unit of the second waste is larger than that of the first waste, before the first pelletization step 400 and the second pelletization step 600 in order to adjust the calorific value per unit of the recycled fuel to be produced. May be provided with an adjustment step of adding a part of the second waste to the first waste.

１ リサイクル燃料製造装置
１０ 破袋部
２０ 分別部
３０ 乾燥部
４０ 第一ペレット化部
５０ 破砕部
６０ 第二ペレット化部
６１ ダイス
６２ 孔
１００ 破袋工程
２００ 分別工程
３００ 乾燥工程
４００ 第一ペレット化工程
５００ 破砕工程
６００ 第二ペレット化工程 1 Recycled fuel manufacturing equipment 10 Bag breaking part 20 Separation part 30 Drying part 40 First pelletizing part 50 Crushing part 60 Second pelletizing part 61 Die 62 Hole 100 Bag breaking process 200 Separation process 300 Drying process 400 First pelletizing process 500 Crushing process 600 Second pelletization process

Claims (2)

廃プラスチック、紙、食品残渣を含む有機系混合廃棄物からリサイクル燃料を製造する装置であって、
前記有機系混合廃棄物を前記食品残渣である第一廃棄物と、それ以外の廃棄物が混合した第二廃棄物に分別する分別部と、
前記分別した第一廃棄物を乾燥させる乾燥部と、
前記乾燥した第一廃棄物をペレット化させる第一ペレット化部と、
前記分別した第二廃棄物を破砕する破砕部と、
前記破砕した第二廃棄物をペレット化する第二ペレット化部と、を備え、
前記第二廃棄物を積極的に乾燥させる機構を有さず、
しかも前記第二ペレット化部は、孔が三段階に段階的に縮径し前記孔に前記第二廃棄物が圧入されるダイスを備えることを特徴とするリサイクル燃料製造装置。 A device that produces recycled fuel from organic mixed waste containing waste plastics, paper, and food residues .
A sorting unit that separates the organic mixed waste into a first waste that is the food residue and a second waste that is a mixture of other wastes.
A drying section for drying the separated first waste,
The first pelletization section for pelletizing the dried first waste, and
The crushing part that crushes the separated second waste, and
A second pelletization unit for pelletizing the crushed second waste is provided.
It does not have a mechanism to actively dry the second waste,
Moreover, the second pelletization unit is a recycled fuel manufacturing apparatus characterized in that the hole is gradually reduced in diameter in three stages and the hole is provided with a die into which the second waste is press-fitted . 廃プラスチック、紙、食品残渣を含む有機系混合廃棄物からリサイクル燃料を製造する方法であって、
前記有機系混合廃棄物を前記食品残渣である第一廃棄物と、それ以外の廃棄物が混合した第二廃棄物に分別する分別工程と、
前記分別した第一廃棄物を乾燥させる乾燥工程と、
前記乾燥した第一廃棄物をペレット化させる第一ペレット化工程と、
前記分別した第二廃棄物を破砕する破砕工程と、
前記破砕した第二廃棄物をペレット化する第二ペレット化工程と、を備え、
前記第二廃棄物を、一連の工程で積極的には乾燥させることなくペレット化し、
しかも前記第二ペレット化工程において、前記第二廃棄物を三段階に段階的に縮径させることを特徴とするリサイクル燃料製造方法。 A method of producing recycled fuel from organic mixed waste containing waste plastics, paper and food residues .
A sorting step of separating the organic mixed waste into a first waste which is the food residue and a second waste in which other wastes are mixed.
The drying step of drying the separated first waste, and
The first pelletization step of pelletizing the dried first waste and
The crushing process for crushing the separated second waste and
A second pelletization step of pelletizing the crushed second waste is provided.
The second waste is pelletized in a series of steps without being actively dried.
Moreover, in the second pelletization step, the recycled fuel production method is characterized in that the diameter of the second waste is reduced in three stages .
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