JP2019014783A - Biofuel, method of producing the same, and power generation method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide biofuel capable of attaining high combustion efficiency at a low cost, and a method of producing the same.SOLUTION: A jatropha fruit 11 as a raw material is crushed and dried to produce dried granules 14. For example, the fruit 11 is crushed by a crusher to produce granules 13 and subsequently the granules 13 are dried to produce the dried granules 14. The dried granules 14 are pelletized according to a need therefor. The dried granules 14 include crushed pieces of jatropha skin and crushed pieces of jatropha seeds.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a biofuel using jatropha, a method for producing the same, and a power generation method.

  Conventionally, tropical plants such as coconut palm, palm palm, and jatropha are often used as biofuels because they contain many oils.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing jatropha oil by culturing jatropha cells, drying the obtained callus cells, and then extracting oil from the dried product, and producing biodiesel fuel by esterifying jatropha oil. A method is disclosed.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing a biofuel containing petroleum products such as industrial distilled cashew-nuts, jatropha oil and a fuel additive.

  In Patent Document 3, raw materials such as coconut fruit, palm fruit, and jatropha fruit are heated and subjected to low temperature pyrolysis and high temperature pyrolysis under a predetermined temperature range. A method for producing diesel fuel is disclosed.

  Patent Document 4 discloses a biofuel using palm palm seed shell (PKS). According to Patent Document 4, coal and palm coconut seed husks are put into a pulverizer and pulverized together and supplied to a boiler furnace for combustion.

JP 2009-148192 A Special table 2010-531012 gazette Table 2010/134219 JP 2014-202448 A

  The conventional methods described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above have a problem that equipment costs and operation costs are high because biofuel is manufactured through complicated processes such as extraction of fats and oils from raw materials.

  Further, the biofuel of Patent Document 4 cannot be said to be a complete biofuel because it is necessary to use not only the palm husk seed shell but also coal. Moreover, since the seed shell of palm palm contains various foreign substances and prevents co-grinding and combustion with coal, it is necessary to perform various treatments such as sieving with a mesh in order to remove these foreign substances. Therefore, there is a problem in terms of cost. When palm palm seed husks are used, complete combustion is difficult and carbon accumulates, so the combustion efficiency cannot be increased. Palm coconut seed husks can also generate malodors.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a biofuel capable of obtaining high combustion efficiency at a low cost, a manufacturing method thereof, and a power generation method.

  The biofuel according to the present invention is characterized in that the raw material is Jatropha fruit, which is crushed and dried to form dry granules.

  Preferably, the jatropha fruit is crushed by a crusher to form a granular material, and then the granular material is dried to obtain a dry granular material.

  Preferably, after the Jatropha fruit is dried to obtain a dried product, the dried product is crushed into a dried granular product.

  Preferably, the jatropha fruit is dried by the sun.

  Preferably, the Jatropha fruit is dried by a reduced-pressure fermentation dryer.

  The dry granule is a granule mainly composed of crushed pieces having a size of 5 mm or less.

  The dried granule includes a fragment of the Jatropha epidermis and a fragment of the Jatropha seed.

  Preferably, the dried granular material is pelletized.

  The production method according to the present invention uses jatropha fruit as a raw material, and is crushed by a crusher to obtain a granulated product comprising crushed pieces having a size of 10 mm or less, and then the granulated product is dried to obtain a dried granulated product. It is a thing.

  The power generation method according to the present invention performs power generation by combusting biofuel made into dry granular materials by crushing and drying Jatropha fruit as a raw material.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the biofuel which can obtain high combustion efficiency at low cost, its manufacturing method, and a power generation method can be provided.

It is a figure which shows the example of the fruit of the harvested Jatropha. It is a figure explaining the example of the manufacturing process of the biofuel which concerns on this invention. It is a figure explaining the other example of the manufacturing process of the biofuel which concerns on this invention. The history of the measurement test of the change in weight due to crushing and drying is shown. The history of the measurement test of the change in weight due to crushing and drying is shown. The result of having carried out the measurement test of the change of the weight by crushing and drying is shown. The background of the measurement test of the change in weight due to drying is shown. The background of the measurement test of the change in weight due to drying is shown. The background of the measurement test of the change in weight due to drying is shown. The result of having carried out the measurement test of the change of the weight by drying is shown. It is a figure which shows the example of the manufacturing system of biofuel.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of harvested jatropha fruit 11, FIG. 2 shows an example of a method for producing biofuel in this embodiment, and FIG. 3 shows another example of a method for producing biofuel in this embodiment. , Respectively.

  Jatropha is also referred to as Jatropha or Nabbola brachiri, and its fruit 11 is a black to black brown fruit having a diameter of about 2 to 3 cm. Jatropha begins to grow after flowering and initially attaches a green fruit, which turns yellow and then matures to black (or blackish brown). Jatropha fruit 11 shown in FIG. 1 is naturally dried by harvesting aged fruit and leaving it for a while. The mature Jatropha fruit 11 contains seeds in the shell.

  The biofuel in the present embodiment is obtained by using Jatropha fruit 11 as a raw material, and crushing (or crushing) and drying it to form dry granules.

  That is, in this embodiment, the dry granular material used as the biofuel is obtained by using the whole of the state including the shell (skin) and seeds of jatropha fruit 11 as a raw material, and carrying out the crushing process and the drying process. is there.

  Moreover, it is possible to use a dry granular material by pelletizing for the convenience of use and conveyance. In any case, the dry granular material of this embodiment and the pelletized material thereof are not liquid but solid. That is, the biofuel of this embodiment is a solid fuel.

  In order to dry the fruit 11, it is preferable to dry the fruit 11 by natural drying or artificial drying using a dryer until the moisture becomes + 10% or less with respect to the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere. When the harvested fruit 11 is naturally dried in the sun as it is, for example, it may be applied for about two weeks. Drying creates bubbles in the epidermis, which makes it easier to burn.

  Note that either the crushing step or the drying step may be performed first. However, if the crushing step is performed first and cut finely, it becomes easy to dry. Even in that case, a simple drying step may be inserted before the crushing step.

  Now, in the example of the manufacturing method of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the jatropha fruit 11 is crushed by a crusher (or a crusher) to form a granular material 13, and then the granular material 13 is dried. Let it be a dry granular material 14. That is, the Jatropha fruit 11 is first cut into pieces 4 to 5 mm in size so as to be crushed pieces 12, and then the granular material 13 that is a set of the pieces 12 is dried. In this way, drying is performed efficiently.

  In this case, before the fruit 11 is crushed, it may be naturally dried on the sun or the like for about one day to several days. Moreover, you may dry naturally during transporting the fruit 11. FIG.

  In another example of the manufacturing method of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, after the Jatropha fruit 11 is dried to obtain a dried product 21, the dried product 21 is crushed to obtain a dried granular product 22. That is, the Jatropha fruit 11 is first sufficiently dried to reduce the weight as a dried product 21. Thereafter, the dried product 21 is crushed into a dried granular product 22.

  In this case, the fruit 11 can be efficiently dried by drying it using a dryer. By using, for example, a reduced-pressure fermentation dryer (vacuum fermentation dryer) as the dryer, it is possible to dry more efficiently at high speed.

  The dry granular materials 14 and 22 which are biofuels of the present embodiment are granular materials whose main components are crushed pieces having a size of 6 to 10 mm or less, or 5 mm or less. The dried granulates 14, 22 include jatropha fruit shell (epidermis) fragments and jatropha seed seed fragments.

  The dry granular materials 14 and 22 produced in this way can be used as a biofuel to generate electricity by burning with a boiler, for example. The dried granular materials 14 and 22 burn almost completely, and after burning, almost no carbon remains, and the amount of heat per unit weight is high. Moreover, there is almost no bad odor due to combustion. Moreover, since biofuel is manufactured without passing through complicated processes, such as extracting fats and oils from a raw material, manufacturing cost can be restrained low and it can substitute for coal. Since the dry granular materials 14 and 22 are biofuels, they are non-depleted resources and have the advantage that the total emission of carbon dioxide does not increase.

  Next, drying and crushing of the fruit 11 will be further described.

  FIGS. 4 to 5 show the history of measuring the change in weight due to crushing and drying of 100 fruits 11, and FIG. 6 shows the results.

  In this example (Example 1), 100 selected Jatropha fruits 11 were selected arbitrarily, weighed (M-1), and then crushed into 4-5 mm strips. The weight of the naturally dried first day (M-2), second day (M-3), and third day (M-4) was measured. The respective circumstances are shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B.

  As shown in FIG. 6, by crushing and drying the fruit 11, a large amount of water of 72.6% was dried on the first day, and a little drying progressed on the second and third days. . In this case, it is possible to use a dried granular material obtained by drying the granular material of the fruit 11 for about one day.

  FIGS. 7 to 9 show the history of the measurement test of the change in weight due to drying of 100 fruits 11, and FIG. 10 shows the results.

  In this example (Example 2), 100 selected Jatropha fruits 11 were arbitrarily selected, the weight was measured (J-1), and then naturally dried as it was on the first day (J-2), The weights on the second day (J-3), the third day (J-4), and the fourth day (J-5) were measured. The respective circumstances are shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, and 9. FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 10, when the fruit 11 was dried without crushing, 34% of the moisture was dried on the first day, and the drying progressed on the second and third days. Was 73% moisture dry. In this case, it is preferable to use a dried product obtained by drying the fruit 11 for about 4 days.

  Next, a biofuel production system will be described.

  FIG. 11 shows an example of a biofuel production system 1.

  In FIG. 11, the manufacturing system 1 includes a crusher 31, a dryer 32, a pellet machine 33, and the like.

  The transported fruit 11 is put into the hopper 31a of the crusher 31 using an appropriate conveyor or the like. The crusher 31 crushes or crushes the fruit 11 so as to be a crush piece having a size of 4 to 5 mm. For example, the crusher 31 processes 12 tons of the fruit 11 per hour to obtain a granular material. The granular material is put into the dryer 32 by an appropriate conveyor or the like. When the crusher 31 can set the crushing size, for example, the crushing size may be set to 4 mm, 5 mm, or the like.

  The dryer 32 dries the granular material of the fruit 11 to obtain the dried granular material 14. The dryer 32 is, for example, a vacuum fermentation dryer. In the vacuum fermentation dryer, the granular material is stored in a tank (main body storage chamber), and the granular material is stirred by a stirrer inside. The tank is heated from the outside with water vapor, and the internal temperature is set to about 60 to 80 ° C. As a result, drying of the particulate matter is promoted, and spoilage bacteria that cause bad odor are killed. And the inside of a tank is pressure-reduced to about 300-400 mmHg, and a boiling point is lowered | hung, further drying is accelerated and speeded up.

  In addition, symbiotic microorganisms are added to the granular material, mixed and stirred to ferment and supply dissolved oxygen to prevent the generation of malodor. Reference can be made to the description of Japanese Patent No. 415385 for such symbiotic microorganisms and methods for their addition.

  As such a vacuum fermentation dryer, for example, a VFD (high-speed vacuum fermentation drying system) manufactured by Hovers can be used.

  The dried granular material 14 carried out from the dryer 32 can be used as biofuel as it is, but this is put into the pellet machine 33 and is about 5 to 10 mm or other appropriate size cylindrical or prismatic shape. It is possible to use it by forming it into a pellet 15. Pelletization improves convenience in transportation, storage, and use as fuel. In addition, when forming the dry granular material 14 in the pellet 15, you may make the size of the crushing piece of the dry granular material 14 further smaller, for example to make it into a powder form.

  That is, the biofuel in the present embodiment includes the dry granular materials 14 and 22 and the pellets 15 obtained by pelletizing them. As such a pellet machine 33, for example, a pellet mill manufactured by CPM can be used.

  In addition, these crusher 31, dryer 32, and pellet machine 33 may be installed in one same factory, and may be installed in a different factory. When installed in different factories, the raw material or semi-processed product may be transported by an appropriate transportation means such as a conveyor, a vehicle, or a ship.

  In addition, various boiler generators can be used to generate electricity using the dry particulate matter 14, 22 or pellet 15 as biofuel. Such a boiler generator includes, for example, a boiler that burns biofuel to obtain pressurized steam, a turbine that is rotationally driven by the pressurized steam, and a generator that is rotationally driven by the turbine.

  In the above-described embodiment, the shape and size of the dried granular materials 14 and 22 and the pellet 15, or the manufacturing process thereof, the crusher 31, the dryer 32, the pellet machine 33, or the configuration of the whole or each part of the manufacturing system 1, The number, arrangement, and the like can be appropriately changed in accordance with the gist of the present invention.

1 Production system 11 Fruit (Jatropha fruit)
12 Crushed pieces 13 Granules 14 Dry granules 15 Pellet (Dry granules)
21 Dry matter 22 Dry granule 31 Crusher 32 Dryer 33 Pellet machine

Claims (10)

Jatropha fruit was used as a raw material, and this was crushed and dried to give a dry granule,
Biofuel characterized by that. After crushing the Jatropha fruit with a crusher to give a granular material, the granular material was dried into a dry granular material,
The biofuel according to claim 1. After drying the Jatropha fruit to a dried product, the dried product was crushed into a dried granular product,
The biofuel according to claim 1. The jatropha fruit was dried by the sun,
The biofuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The jatropha fruit was dried by a vacuum fermentation dryer.
The biofuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The dry granule is a granule mainly composed of crushed pieces having a size of 5 mm or less.
The biofuel according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The dried granule includes a fragment of the Jatropha epidermis and a fragment of the Jatropha seed.
The biofuel according to claim 6. The dried granular material is pelletized,
The biofuel according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Jatropha fruit is used as a raw material, and this is crushed by a crusher to form a granular material consisting of crushed pieces having a size of 10 mm or less, and then the granular material is dried to obtain a dry granular material.
A biofuel production method characterized by the above. A power is generated by burning the biofuel according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
Power generation method.

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