JP2010212695A - Exposure method and apparatus, and device manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an exposure method capable of preventing deterioration of exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy. <P>SOLUTION: In the exposure method which exposes a substrate P by radiating exposure light on a substrate P via a projection optics system PL and liquid LQ, affinity to the liquid LQ on the surface of the substrate P is set so as to reduce force in which the liquid LQ on the substrate P exerts on the substrate P. The substrate P includes a film TC which covers a sensitive material Rg applied on a base material W. As the film TC, a protective film which protects a sensitive material Rg from the liquid LQ referred to as a top coat layer and a film which enhances recovery performance of the liquid LQ may be included. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an exposure method, an exposure apparatus, and a device manufacturing method for exposing a substrate by irradiating a substrate with exposure light via a projection optical system and a liquid.

Semiconductor devices and liquid crystal display devices are manufactured by a so-called photolithography technique in which a pattern formed on a mask is transferred onto a photosensitive substrate. An exposure apparatus used in this photolithography process has a mask stage for supporting a mask and a substrate stage for supporting a substrate, and a mask pattern is transferred via a projection optical system while sequentially moving the mask stage and the substrate stage. It is transferred to the substrate. In recent years, in order to cope with higher integration of device patterns, higher resolution of the projection optical system is desired. The resolution of the projection optical system becomes higher as the exposure wavelength used is shorter and the numerical aperture of the projection optical system is larger. Therefore, the exposure wavelength used in the exposure apparatus is shortened year by year, and the numerical aperture of the projection optical system is also increasing. The mainstream exposure wavelength is 248 nm of the KrF excimer laser, but the 193 nm of the shorter wavelength ArF excimer laser is also being put into practical use. Also, when performing exposure, the depth of focus (DOF) is important as well as the resolution. The resolution R and the depth of focus δ are each expressed by the following equations.
R = k ₁ · λ / NA (1)
δ = ± k ₂ · λ / NA ² (2)
Here, λ is the exposure wavelength, NA is the numerical aperture of the projection optical system, and k ₁ and k ₂ are process coefficients. From the equations (1) and (2), it can be seen that the depth of focus δ becomes narrower when the exposure wavelength λ is shortened and the numerical aperture NA is increased in order to increase the resolution R.

  If the depth of focus δ becomes too narrow, it becomes difficult to match the substrate surface with the image plane of the projection optical system, and the focus margin during the exposure operation may be insufficient. Therefore, as a method for substantially shortening the exposure wavelength and increasing the depth of focus, for example, a liquid immersion method disclosed in Patent Document 1 below has been proposed. In this immersion method, a space between the lower surface of the projection optical system and the substrate surface is filled with a liquid such as water or an organic solvent to form an immersion region, and the wavelength of exposure light in the liquid is 1 / n of that in air. (Where n is the refractive index of the liquid, which is usually about 1.2 to 1.6), the resolution is improved, and the depth of focus is expanded about n times.

International Publication No. 99/49504 Pamphlet

  By the way, if the pressure of the liquid filled between the projection optical system and the substrate is not maintained at a desired pressure, for example, the substrate, the substrate stage, or a part of the projection optical system in contact with the liquid (most image surface side). An optical element or the like) is slightly deformed or displaced, and the exposure accuracy or measurement accuracy may be deteriorated due to the deformation or the like.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an exposure method, an exposure apparatus, and a device manufacturing method that can prevent deterioration in exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy due to liquid pressure. .

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention adopts the following configuration corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 10 shown in the embodiment.
The exposure method of the present invention is an exposure method in which exposure light (EL) is irradiated onto a substrate (P) through a projection optical system (PL) and a liquid (LQ) to expose the substrate (P). The affinity of the surface of the substrate (P) for the liquid (LQ) is set so that the force exerted on the substrate (P) by the liquid (LQ) on P) is reduced.

  The present invention reduces the force exerted on the substrate by the liquid on the substrate by utilizing the force that the liquid exerts on the substrate in accordance with the affinity between the substrate and the liquid (contact angle of the liquid with respect to the substrate). Thus, by setting the affinity for the liquid on the surface of the substrate, the deformation of the substrate, the deformation of the substrate stage, and the occurrence of vibration can be prevented. Therefore, high exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy can be obtained.

  An exposure apparatus (EX) of the present invention is an exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate (P) by irradiating the substrate (P) with exposure light (EL) via a projection optical system (PL) and a liquid (LQ). The substrate stage (PST) holding the substrate (P) is provided, and the upper surface (51) of the substrate stage (PST) is liquid (LQ) with respect to the liquid on the upper surface (51) of the substrate stage (PST) ( LQ) has a low affinity for the force received by the substrate stage (PST).

  The present invention utilizes the fact that the force that the liquid exerts on the substrate stage changes according to the affinity between the upper surface of the substrate stage and the liquid, and the upper surface of the substrate stage receives a small force from the liquid on the substrate stage. Therefore, the substrate stage can be prevented from being deformed or vibrated. Therefore, high exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy can be obtained.

  An exposure apparatus (EX) of the present invention is an exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate (P) by irradiating the substrate (P) with exposure light (EL) via a projection optical system (PL) and a liquid (LQ). The liquid supply mechanism (10) for supplying the liquid (LQ) is provided, and the liquid (LQ) supplied from the liquid supply mechanism (10) has a force that a predetermined object (P, PST) receives from the liquid (LQ). It has a small contact angle.

  The present invention utilizes the fact that the force that the liquid exerts on the object changes according to the affinity between the object and the liquid, so that the liquid supply mechanism receives the force that the object that comes into contact with the liquid supplied from the liquid receives from the liquid. Since the liquid having a contact angle that makes it small is supplied, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of deformation or the like of an object (substrate, substrate stage, etc.) in contact with the liquid. Therefore, high exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy can be obtained.

  An exposure apparatus (EX) of the present invention is an exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate (P) by irradiating the substrate (P) with exposure light (EL) via a projection optical system (PL) and a liquid (LQ). A substrate stage (PST) that holds the substrate (P), and the substrate stage (PST) is substantially the same as the surface of the substrate (P) around the substrate (P) held on the substrate stage (PST). It has a flush flat part (51), and the affinity of the surface of the flat part (51) for the liquid (LQ) is almost the same as the affinity of the substrate (P) for the liquid (LQ). Features.

  According to the present invention, the affinity for the liquid on the surface of the flat portion provided around the substrate (the contact angle of the liquid on the surface of the flat portion) is almost the same as the affinity for the liquid on the surface of the substrate. For example, even when the liquid immersion region is formed so as to include the substrate and the flat portion, or when the liquid immersion region moves between the substrate and the flat portion, the liquid pressure variation and the pressure variation are caused. Substrate stage vibration, liquid leakage, and the like can be suppressed. Therefore, high exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy can be obtained.

  An exposure apparatus (EX) of the present invention is an exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate (P) by irradiating the substrate (P) with exposure light (EL) via a projection optical system (PL) and a liquid (LQ). The liquid (LQ) is held between the first surface (eg, 51, P) and the second surface (eg, 2A, 70A) opposite to the first surface (51, P). ) And the outer gas space (LE) so that the first surface (51, P) and the second surface (2A, 70A) and the liquid (LQ) are substantially straight when viewed from the side. The affinity is set.

  In the present invention, the force exerted by the liquid on the first surface and the second surface changes according to the shape of the interface between the liquid held between the first surface and the second surface and the gas space outside the liquid. The first surface and the second surface are formed by setting the affinity between the first surface and the second surface and the liquid so that the interface is substantially linear in a side view. It is possible to prevent the deformation and vibration of the member. Therefore, high exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy can be obtained.

  An exposure apparatus (EX) of the present invention is an exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate (P) by irradiating the substrate (P) with exposure light (EL) via a projection optical system (PL) and a liquid (LQ). The liquid (LQ) is held between the first surface (eg, 51, P) and the second surface (eg, 2A, 70A) opposite to the first surface (51, P). ), The force exerted on the first surface (51, P) and the second surface (2A, 70A) is reduced, and each of the first surface (51, P) and the second surface (2A, 70A) Affinity with the liquid (LQ) is set.

  According to the present invention, the force exerted by the liquid on the first surface and the second surface depends on the affinity between the liquid held between the first surface and the second surface and each of the first surface and the second surface. By utilizing the change, the first surface and the second surface are each set to have an affinity for the liquid so as to reduce the force exerted on the first surface and the second surface by the liquid, thereby the first It is possible to prevent deformation and vibration of members forming the surface and the second surface. Therefore, high exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy can be obtained.

  The device manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized by using the exposure method described above. The device manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized by using the above-described exposure apparatus (EX). According to the present invention, since a device can be manufactured in a state where exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy are maintained well, a device that exhibits desired performance can be manufactured.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to maintain good exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the exposure apparatus of this invention. It is the figure which looked at the nozzle member from the lower surface side. It is a principal part enlarged view which shows a nozzle member and the board | substrate stage vicinity. It is a schematic diagram which shows the force which a liquid exerts on a board | substrate. It is the top view which looked at the substrate stage from the upper part. It is a schematic diagram which shows the mode of the interface of the liquid of a liquid immersion area | region. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating that the force of a liquid changes according to the shape of an interface. It is a figure which shows another embodiment of a nozzle member. It is a figure for demonstrating an adjustment mechanism. It is a flowchart figure which shows an example of the manufacturing process of a semiconductor device.

The exposure apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of the exposure apparatus of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, an exposure apparatus EX includes a mask stage MST that can move while supporting a mask M, and a substrate holder PH that holds a substrate P, and a substrate stage that can move while holding the substrate P in the substrate holder PH. PST, illumination optical system IL for illuminating mask M supported on mask stage MST with exposure light EL, and substrate P supported on substrate stage PST for an image of the pattern of mask M illuminated with exposure light EL A projection optical system PL for performing projection exposure, and a control device CONT for controlling overall operation of the exposure apparatus EX.

  The exposure apparatus EX of the present embodiment is an immersion exposure apparatus to which an immersion method is applied in order to improve the resolution by substantially shortening the exposure wavelength and substantially increase the depth of focus. A liquid supply mechanism 10 for supplying the liquid LQ to the substrate P, and a liquid recovery mechanism 20 for recovering the liquid LQ on the substrate P. In the present embodiment, pure water is used as the liquid LQ. The exposure apparatus EX transfers at least a part of the substrate P including the projection area AR1 of the projection optical system PL by the liquid LQ supplied from the liquid supply mechanism 10 while at least transferring the pattern image of the mask M onto the substrate P. A liquid immersion area AR2 that is larger than the projection area AR1 and smaller than the substrate P is locally formed. Specifically, the exposure apparatus EX uses the liquid supply mechanism 10 to provide a space between the optical element 2 at the image surface side tip of the projection optical system PL and the substrate P surface (exposure surface) facing the optical element 2. To supply liquid LQ. The exposure apparatus EX then transfers the pattern image of the mask M to the substrate P via the projection optical system PL and the liquid LQ in the space in a state where at least the space including the optical path of the exposure light EL is filled with the liquid LQ. The substrate P is exposed by projecting it upward.

  Here, in the present embodiment, the pattern formed on the mask M is exposed to the substrate P while the mask M and the substrate P are synchronously moved in different directions (reverse directions) in the scanning direction (predetermined direction) as the exposure apparatus EX. An example of using a scanning exposure apparatus (so-called scanning stepper) will be described. In the following description, the synchronous movement direction (scanning direction, predetermined direction) of the mask M and the substrate P in the horizontal plane is the X axis direction, and the direction orthogonal to the X axis direction is the Y axis direction (non-scanning direction) in the horizontal plane. A direction perpendicular to the X-axis and Y-axis directions and coincident with the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL is defined as a Z-axis direction. In addition, the rotation (inclination) directions around the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis are the θX, θY, and θZ directions, respectively. Here, the “substrate” includes a semiconductor wafer coated with a resist, and the “mask” includes a reticle on which a device pattern to be reduced and projected on the substrate is formed.

The illumination optical system IL illuminates the mask M supported by the mask stage MST with the exposure light EL, and the exposure light source, and an optical integrator and an optical integrator for uniformizing the illuminance of the light beam emitted from the exposure light source A condenser lens that collects the exposure light EL from the light source, a relay lens system, a variable field stop that sets the illumination area on the mask M by the exposure light EL in a slit shape, and the like. A predetermined illumination area on the mask M is illuminated with the exposure light EL having a uniform illuminance distribution by the illumination optical system IL. As the exposure light EL emitted from the illumination optical system IL, for example, far ultraviolet light (g-line, h-line, i-line) and KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm) emitted from a mercury lamp, DUV light), vacuum ultraviolet light (VUV light) such as ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm) and F ₂ laser light (wavelength 157 nm), or the like is used. In this embodiment, ArF excimer laser light is used. As described above, the liquid LQ in the present embodiment is pure water and can be transmitted even if the exposure light EL is ArF excimer laser light. Further, pure water can transmit ultraviolet rays (g-rays, h-rays, i-rays) and far-ultraviolet light (DUV light) such as KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm).

  The mask stage MST can move while holding the mask M, can move two-dimensionally in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL, that is, in the XY plane, and can be rotated slightly in the θZ direction. The mask stage MST is driven by a mask stage driving device MSTD such as a linear motor. The mask stage driving device MSTD is controlled by the control device CONT. A movable mirror 40 is provided on the mask stage MST. A laser interferometer 41 is provided at a position facing the movable mirror 40. The two-dimensional position and rotation angle of the mask M on the mask stage MST are measured in real time by the laser interferometer 41, and the measurement result is output to the control unit CONT. The control device CONT drives the mask stage driving device MSTD based on the measurement result of the laser interferometer 41, thereby positioning the mask M supported by the mask stage MST.

  The projection optical system PL projects and exposes the pattern of the mask M onto the substrate P at a predetermined projection magnification β, and includes a plurality of optical elements including an optical element (lens) 2 provided at the front end portion on the substrate P side. These optical elements are supported by a lens barrel PK. In the present embodiment, the projection optical system PL is a reduction system having a projection magnification β of, for example, 1/4 or 1/5. Note that the projection optical system PL may be either an equal magnification system or an enlargement system. Further, the optical element 2 at the tip of the projection optical system PL of the present embodiment is provided so as to be detachable (replaceable) with respect to the lens barrel PK. The optical element 2 at the tip is exposed from the lens barrel PK, and the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area AR2 is in contact with the optical element 2. Thereby, corrosion etc. of the lens barrel PK made of metal are prevented.

  The substrate stage PST includes a Z stage 52 that holds the substrate P via a substrate holder PH, and an XY stage 53 that supports the Z stage 52. The XY stage 53 is supported on the base 54. The substrate stage PST is driven by a substrate stage driving device PSTD such as a linear motor. The substrate stage driving device PSTD is controlled by the control device CONT. The Z stage 52 can move the substrate P held by the substrate holder PH in the Z-axis direction and in the θX and θY directions (inclination directions). The XY stage 53 can move the substrate P held by the substrate holder PH in the XY direction (direction substantially parallel to the image plane of the projection optical system PL) and the θZ direction via the Z stage 52. Needless to say, the Z stage and the XY stage may be provided integrally.

  A recess 55 is provided on the substrate stage PST, and the substrate holder PH is disposed in the recess 55. The upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST other than the recess 55 is a flat surface (flat portion) that is substantially the same height (level) as the surface of the substrate P held by the substrate holder PH. That is, the substrate stage PST has a flat surface 51 that is substantially flush with the surface of the substrate P around the held substrate P.

  A movable mirror 42 is provided on the substrate stage PST (Z stage 52). A laser interferometer 43 is provided at a position facing the moving mirror 42. The two-dimensional position and rotation angle of the substrate P on the substrate stage PST are measured in real time by the laser interferometer 43, and the measurement result is output to the control device CONT. Based on the measurement result of the laser interferometer 43, the control device CONT supports the substrate stage PST by driving the XY stage 53 via the substrate stage drive device PSTD within the two-dimensional coordinate system defined by the laser interferometer 43. The substrate P is positioned in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

  In addition, the exposure apparatus EX has a focus detection system 30 that detects surface position information on the surface of the substrate P. The focus detection system 30 includes a projection unit 30A and a light receiving unit 30B, and projects the detection light La from the projection unit 30A through the liquid LQ onto the surface (exposure surface) of the substrate P from an oblique direction. Is received by the light receiving unit 30B through the liquid LQ, thereby detecting surface position information on the surface of the substrate P. The control device CONT controls the operation of the focus detection system 30 and detects the position (focus position) in the Z-axis direction of the surface of the substrate P with respect to the predetermined reference plane (image plane) based on the light reception result of the light receiving unit 30B. . Further, the focus detection system 30 can also determine the posture of the substrate P in the tilt direction by determining the focus positions at a plurality of points on the surface of the substrate P. As the configuration of the focus detection system 30, for example, the one disclosed in JP-A-8-37149 can be used.

  The control device CONT drives the Z stage 52 of the substrate stage PST via the substrate stage driving device PSTD, so that the position (focus position) of the substrate P held by the Z stage 52 in the Z-axis direction, and θX, θY Control position in direction. That is, the Z stage 52 operates based on a command from the control device CONT based on the detection result of the focus detection system 30, and controls the focus position (Z position) and tilt angle of the substrate P to control the surface (exposure) of the substrate P. Is adjusted to the image plane formed via the projection optical system PL and the liquid LQ.

  A substrate alignment system 350 for detecting the alignment mark 1 on the substrate P or the substrate-side reference mark PFM on the reference member 300 provided on the Z stage 52 is provided near the tip of the projection optical system PL. In the substrate alignment system 350 of the present embodiment, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-65603, the substrate stage PST is stopped and illumination light such as white light from a halogen lamp is irradiated on the mark. Thus, an FIA (Field Image Alignment) system is employed in which an image of the obtained mark is captured within a predetermined imaging field by an image sensor and the position of the mark is measured by image processing.

  Further, in the vicinity of the mask stage MST, a mask alignment system 360 for detecting a mask side reference mark MFM on the reference member 300 provided on the Z stage 52 via the mask M and the projection optical system PL is provided. Yes. In the mask alignment system 360 of this embodiment, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-176468, the mark is irradiated with light, and image data of the mark imaged by a CCD camera or the like is subjected to image processing. The VRA (Visual Reticle Alignment) method is used to detect the mark position.

The liquid supply mechanism 10 is for supplying the liquid LQ to the space between the image plane side tip of the projection optical system PL and the substrate P, and includes a liquid supply unit 11 capable of delivering the liquid LQ, A supply pipe 13 (13A, 13B) having one end connected to the supply unit 11 and the other end connected to a supply port 12 (12A, 12B) of a nozzle member 70 described later is provided. The supply pipe 13 has a flow path for flowing the liquid LQ. The liquid supply unit 11 includes a tank that stores the liquid LQ, a pressure pump, a filter unit, and the like. The filter unit disposed in the liquid supply unit 11 removes bubbles and foreign matters contained in the liquid LQ, and is 0.1 μm included in the liquid LQ supplied from the liquid supply unit 11. Larger bubbles and particles are always 0.3 / cm ³ or less, and on average 0.03 / cm ³ or less. The liquid supply operation of the liquid supply unit 11 is controlled by the control device CONT. When forming the liquid immersion area AR2 on the substrate P, the liquid supply mechanism 10 supplies the liquid LQ onto the substrate P.

  Valves 15A and 15B for opening and closing the flow paths of the supply pipes 13A and 13B are provided in the middle of the supply pipes 13A and 13B, respectively. The opening / closing operation of the valve 15 (15A, 15B) is controlled by the control device CONT.

  The liquid recovery mechanism 20 is for recovering the liquid LQ on the image plane side of the projection optical system PL, and has a liquid recovery part 21 capable of recovering the liquid LQ and one end thereof connected to the liquid recovery part 21. The other end is provided with a recovery pipe 23 (23A, 23B) connected to a recovery port 22 (22A, 22B) of a nozzle member 70 described later. The liquid recovery unit 21 includes, for example, a vacuum system (a suction device) such as a vacuum pump, a gas-liquid separator that separates the recovered liquid LQ and gas, and a tank that stores the recovered liquid LQ. As a vacuum system, a vacuum system in a factory where the exposure apparatus EX is disposed may be used without providing the exposure apparatus EX with a vacuum pump. The liquid recovery operation of the liquid recovery unit 21 is controlled by the control device CONT. In order to form the immersion area AR2 on the substrate P, the liquid recovery mechanism 20 recovers a predetermined amount of the liquid LQ on the substrate P supplied from the liquid supply mechanism 10.

  Of the plurality of optical elements constituting the projection optical system PL, a nozzle member 70 is disposed in the vicinity of the optical element 2 in contact with the liquid LQ. The nozzle member 70 is an annular member provided so as to surround the side surface of the optical element 2 above the substrate P (substrate stage PST). A gap is provided between the nozzle member 70 and the optical element 2, but the gap is configured so that the liquid LQ does not enter the gap and bubbles do not enter the liquid LQ from the gap. . In the present embodiment, the nozzle member 70 constitutes a part of each of the liquid supply mechanism 10 and the liquid recovery mechanism 20.

  The nozzle member 70 includes a liquid supply port 12 (12A, 12B) provided above the substrate P (substrate stage PST) and disposed so as to face the surface of the substrate P. In the present embodiment, the nozzle member 70 has two liquid supply ports 12A and 12B. The liquid supply ports 12A and 12B are provided on the lower surface 70A of the nozzle member 70.

  Further, the nozzle member 70 has supply channels corresponding to the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B inside thereof. A plurality (two) of supply pipes 13A and 13B are provided so as to correspond to the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B and the supply flow path. One end of the supply channel is connected to the liquid supply unit 11 via supply pipes 13A and 13B, and the other end is connected to the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B.

  Further, in the middle of each of the two supply pipes 13A and 13B, a flow rate controller called a mass flow controller is supplied from the liquid supply unit 11 and controls the amount of liquid supplied per unit time to each of the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B. 16 (16A, 16B) are provided. Control of the liquid supply amount by the flow rate controller is performed under a command signal of the control device CONT.

  Furthermore, the nozzle member 70 includes a liquid recovery port 22 (22A, 22B) provided above the substrate P (substrate stage PST) and disposed so as to face the surface of the substrate P. In the present embodiment, the nozzle member 70 has two liquid recovery ports 22A and 22B. The liquid recovery ports 22A and 22B are provided on the lower surface 70A of the nozzle member 70.

  Further, the nozzle member 70 has a recovery flow path corresponding to the liquid recovery ports 22A and 22B therein. A plurality of (two) recovery pipes 23A and 23B are provided to correspond to the liquid recovery ports 22A and 22B and the recovery flow path. One end of the recovery channel is connected to the liquid recovery unit 21 via recovery pipes 23A and 23B, and the other end is connected to the liquid recovery ports 22A and 22B.

  FIG. 2 is a view of the nozzle member 70 as viewed from the lower surface 70A side. Liquid supply ports 12A and 12B constituting the liquid supply mechanism 10 are provided at respective positions on both sides in the X-axis direction across the projection area AR1 of the projection optical system PL. In the present embodiment, each of the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B is formed in a slit shape in which the Y-axis direction is a longitudinal direction and both ends in the Y-axis direction are bent inward, and is provided so as to surround the projection area AR1. It has been. Further, the liquid recovery ports 22A and 22B constituting the liquid recovery mechanism 20 are provided outside the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B of the liquid supply mechanism 10 with respect to the projection area AR1 of the projection optical system PL. The liquid recovery ports 22A and 22B are formed in a slit shape outside the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B, with the Y-axis direction being the longitudinal direction and both ends of the Y-axis direction being bent inward. 12B and the projection optical system PL are provided so as to surround the projection area AR1. In FIG. 2, the liquid recovery ports 22A and 22B are formed discontinuously. However, in order to recover the liquid more reliably, the liquid recovery ports 22A and 22B are continuously formed in an annular shape. desirable. In addition, the projection area AR1 of the projection optical system PL in the present embodiment is set in a rectangular shape in plan view with the Y axis direction as the long direction and the X axis direction as the short direction.

  Further, second supply ports 90 </ b> A and 90 </ b> B different from the liquid supply port 12 are provided on the lower surface 70 </ b> A of the nozzle member 70. The second supply ports 90A and 90B are provided at respective positions on both sides in the Y-axis direction across the projection area AR1 of the projection optical system PL on the lower surface 70A. In the present embodiment, the second supply ports 90A and 90B are formed in a substantially circular shape. The control device CONT can add the liquid LQ via the second supply ports 90A and 90B to the immersion area AR2 formed by the supply and recovery of the liquid LQ using the liquid supply port 12 and the liquid recovery port 22. In addition, a part of the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area AR2 can be collected through the second supply ports 90A and 90B. The controller CONT can adjust the pressure of the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area AR2 by adding and partially collecting the liquid LQ using the second supply ports 90A and 90B. Then, the control device CONT adjusts the pressure of the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area AR2, so that the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area AR2 exerts on the substrate P, the substrate stage PST, or the optical element 2 of the projection optical system PL. Can be adjusted.

  The operations of the liquid supply unit 11 and the flow rate controller are controlled by the control device CONT. When supplying the liquid LQ onto the substrate P, the control device CONT sends out the liquid LQ from the liquid supply unit 11, and is provided above the substrate P via the supply pipes 13A and 13B and the supply flow path. The liquid LQ is supplied onto the substrate P from the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B. At this time, the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B are arranged on both sides of the projection optical system PL with the projection region AR1 interposed therebetween, and the liquid LQ is supplied from both sides of the projection region AR1 via the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B. It can be supplied. Further, the amount per unit time of the liquid LQ supplied onto the substrate P from each of the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B can be individually controlled by the flow rate controllers 16A and 16B provided in the supply pipes 13A and 13B, respectively. It is.

  The liquid recovery operation of the liquid recovery unit 21 is controlled by the control device CONT. The control device CONT can control the liquid recovery amount per unit time by the liquid recovery unit 21. The liquid LQ on the substrate P recovered from the liquid recovery ports 22A and 22B provided above the substrate P is recovered by the liquid recovery unit 21 via the recovery flow path of the nozzle member 70 and the recovery tubes 23A and 23B. The

  In the present embodiment, the supply pipes 13A and 13B are connected to one liquid supply section 11. However, a plurality (two in this case) of liquid supply sections 11 corresponding to the number of supply pipes are provided, and the supply pipe 13A is provided. , 13B may be connected to each of the plurality of liquid supply sections 11. Further, the recovery pipes 23A and 23B are connected to one liquid recovery part 21, but a plurality (two in this case) of liquid recovery parts 21 corresponding to the number of recovery pipes are provided, and each of the recovery pipes 23A and 23B is provided. May be connected to each of the plurality of liquid recovery sections 21.

  In the present embodiment, when immersion exposure is performed on the substrate P, the control device CONT supplies the liquid LQ on the substrate P by the liquid recovery mechanism 20 in parallel with the supply of the liquid LQ on the substrate P by the liquid supply mechanism 10. While collecting, moving the substrate stage PST supporting the substrate P in the X-axis direction (scanning direction), the pattern image of the mask M is liquid LQ between the projection optical system PL and the substrate P and the projection optical system PL. Through the projection exposure on the substrate P.

  The liquid LQ supplied from the liquid supply unit 11 of the liquid supply mechanism 10 to form the liquid immersion area AR2 flows through the supply pipes 13A and 13B, and then passes through the supply flow path formed inside the nozzle member 70. The liquid is supplied onto the substrate P from the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B. The liquid LQ supplied onto the substrate P from the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B is supplied so as to spread between the lower end surface of the front end portion (optical element 2) of the projection optical system PL and the substrate P, and the projection area AR1. A liquid immersion area AR2 smaller than the substrate P and larger than the projection area AR1 is locally formed on a part of the substrate P including At this time, the control device CONT uses the liquid supply ports 12A and 12B arranged on both sides of the projection area AR1 in the X-axis direction (scanning direction) of the liquid supply mechanism 10 from both sides of the projection area AR1 with respect to the scanning direction. The liquid LQ is supplied onto P at the same time. Thereby, the immersion area AR2 is formed uniformly and satisfactorily.

  The exposure apparatus EX in the present embodiment projects and exposes a pattern image of the mask M onto the substrate P while moving the mask M and the substrate P in the X-axis direction (scanning direction). A pattern image of a part of the mask M is projected into the projection area AR1 via the liquid LQ in the area AR2 and the projection optical system PL, and is synchronized with the movement of the mask M in the −X direction (or + X direction) at the velocity V. Then, the substrate P moves in the + X direction (or −X direction) with respect to the projection area AR1 at the speed β · V (β is the projection magnification). A plurality of shot areas S1 to S24 (see FIG. 5) are set on the substrate P. After the exposure to one shot area is completed, the next shot area is moved to the scanning start position by the stepping movement of the substrate P. Hereinafter, the scanning exposure process is sequentially performed on each of the shot areas S1 to S24 while moving the substrate P by the step-and-scan method.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of the substrate P and the nozzle member 70 held on the substrate stage PST. In the present embodiment, the liquid contact surface (lower end surface) 2A of the optical element 2 is a flat surface, and the liquid contact surface (lower end surface) 70A of the nozzle member 70 is also substantially flat. The lower end surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 and the lower end surface 2A of the optical element 2 are substantially flush with each other. Thereby, the liquid immersion area AR2 can be satisfactorily formed between the lower end surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 and the lower end surface 2A of the optical element 2 and the substrate P (substrate stage PST). If the liquid immersion area AR2 can be formed satisfactorily, a step may exist on the lower end surface 70A of the nozzle member 70, or a step between the lower end surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 and the lower end surface 2A of the optical element 2 may exist. May be present.

The liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 of the projection optical system PL is lyophilic. In the present embodiment, the liquid LQ supplied from the liquid supply mechanism 10 is pure water, and the optical element 2 is formed of fluorite having high affinity with pure water. By making the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 lyophilic, the liquid LQ can be brought into close contact with almost the entire liquid contact surface (end surface) 2A. Since the liquid supply mechanism 10 supplies the liquid (pure water) LQ having a high affinity with the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2, the adhesion between the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 and the liquid LQ. Can be increased. The optical element 2 may be quartz having a high affinity with water. Further, the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 may be subjected to a hydrophilization (lyophilic process) to further increase the affinity with the liquid LQ. Since the liquid LQ in the present embodiment is water having a large polarity, hydrophilicity is imparted to the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 by forming a thin film with a substance having a molecular structure having a large polarity such as alcohol as a lyophilic process. Give. That is, when water is used as the liquid LQ, it is desirable to provide a liquid contact surface 2A with a highly polar molecular structure such as an OH group. Alternatively, a lyophilic material such as MgF ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , or SiO ₂ may be provided on the liquid contact surface 2A.

The contact angle θ _2A of the liquid contact surface 2A of the lyophilic optical element 2 with the liquid LQ is provided so as to satisfy the condition of θ _2A ≦ 30 °, and preferably satisfies the condition of θ _2A ≦ 5 °. It is provided to satisfy. In the present embodiment, the selection of the lyophilic material and the setting of the lyophilic treatment process are performed so that the contact angle θ _2A of the liquid contact surface 2A with the liquid LQ satisfies the above condition.

The liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 is also lyophilic (hydrophilic). Similarly to the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2, the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 is also made lyophilic by being subjected to a lyophilic process. That is, in this embodiment, at least the liquid contact surface of the surface of the member facing the exposed surface (surface) of the substrate P held by the substrate stage PST is lyophilic. As the lyophilic process for the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70, similar to the lyophilic process for the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2, for example, an OH group having a highly polar molecular structure is provided on the liquid contact surface 70A. processing _{and, MgF 2, Al 2 O 3} , the lyophilic material such as SiO ₂ is provided on the liquid contact surface 70A treatment. The affinity of the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 for the liquid LQ and the affinity of the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 for the liquid LQ are preferably substantially the same. That is, the contact angle θ _70A of the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 with the liquid LQ is provided so as to satisfy the condition of θ _70A ≦ 30 °, and preferably satisfies the condition of θ _70A ≦ 5 °.

  The surface of the substrate P has a predetermined affinity (contact angle) for the liquid LQ. Specifically, the surface of the substrate P is set to have an affinity for the liquid LQ such that when the liquid LQ is disposed on the surface, the force that the substrate P receives from the liquid LQ on the surface is reduced. ing. In other words, the affinity of the surface of the substrate P for the liquid LQ is set so that the force exerted on the substrate P by the liquid LQ on the substrate P is reduced (reduced).

  As shown in FIG. 3, the substrate P includes a base material W and a photosensitive material Rg applied on the base material W. The base material W includes a semiconductor wafer, and the photosensitive material Rg includes a photoresist. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the substrate P includes a film TC that covers the photosensitive material Rg applied on the base material W. Examples of the film TC include a protective film called a top coat layer that protects the photosensitive material Rg from the liquid LQ, and a film that improves the recoverability of the liquid LQ. Note that the film TC may be omitted. In this embodiment, the film TC (or the photosensitive material Rg) has an affinity for the liquid LQ so that the force that the substrate P receives from the liquid LQ is reduced.

  The surface of the substrate P has liquid repellency. By imparting a predetermined liquid repellency (liquid repellency level) to the surface of the substrate P, the force received by the substrate P from the liquid LQ disposed on the surface can be reduced.

In the present embodiment, the contact angle θ _P of the surface of the substrate P having liquid repellency (the surface of the film TC) with the liquid LQ is provided so as to satisfy the condition of 85 ° ≦ θ _P ≦ 95 °. . When the film TC is not present and the surface of the substrate P is the surface of the photosensitive material Rg, the contact angle (θ _P ) with the liquid LQ on the surface of the photosensitive material Rg is set so as to satisfy the above conditions. The In the present embodiment, the surface of the substrate P contact angle theta _P with the liquid LQ is to satisfy the above conditions, the protective film TC (or photosensitive material Rg) such as selection and application conditions of the material for forming the Settings have been made.

By satisfying the condition of 85 ° ≦ θ _P ≦ 95 °, the force that the substrate P receives from the liquid LQ disposed on the surface of the substrate P can be reduced. This will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the results of a simulation experiment in which the distribution of force exerted on the substrate P by the liquid (pure water) LQ in the immersion area AR2 formed between the optical element 2 and the nozzle member 70 and the substrate P is shown. And it is a distribution diagram of force in a plane parallel to the XY plane. In FIG. 4, in order to make it easy to see the relationship between the positional relationship between the supply port 12, the recovery port 22, the optical element 2, and the like and the distribution of the force that the substrate P receives from the liquid LQ, The distribution is shown in association with the lower surface of the nozzle member 70.

FIG. 4A is a force distribution diagram when the contact angle θP with respect to the liquid LQ on the surface of the substrate _P is 105 °. Similarly, in each of FIGS. 4B, 4C, 4D, and 4E, the contact angle θP with respect to the liquid LQ on the surface of the substrate _P is 95 °, 90 °, 85 °, and 75 °. FIG. Here, FIG. 4 shows a simulation result under the same conditions as when the substrate P is subjected to immersion exposure, that is, the substrate P moves in the X-axis direction with respect to the projection optical system PL (immersion region AR2). The simulation results in the state where Further, in the simulation, the contact angle theta _2A with the liquid LQ of the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element _2, and the contact angle theta _70A with the liquid LQ of the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 is respectively 5 °.

In FIG. 4, a region H ₀ is a region where the force exerted on the substrate P by the liquid LQ is substantially zero. That is, in the region H ₀ of the liquid immersion area AR2, only pressure on the substrate P corresponding to the atmospheric pressure are acting, (including the weight of the liquid LQ) force due to the liquid LQ is not applied. In other words, almost the the force is acting in the non liquid immersion area other than the liquid immersion area AR2 of the substrate P AR3 (see FIG. 3), the force that acts in the region H ₀ of the liquid immersion area AR2 Same (atmospheric pressure). Therefore, if all of the liquid immersion area AR2 is an area H _0, to a substantially uniform force (atmospheric pressure against the entire surface of the substrate P including a region corresponding to each of the liquid immersion area AR2 and the non liquid immersion area AR3 Corresponding force) is applied. In this case, the substrate P does not receive a local force and does not deform.

In addition, the region H _{+ 1} in the liquid immersion region AR2 is a region where a positive force (first positive force (positive pressure)) by the liquid LQ is applied to the substrate P. In the region H _{+ 1} , the substrate P is pushed downward by the liquid LQ with the first positive force. In the region H ₊₂ , the substrate P is pushed downward by the liquid LQ with a second positive force larger than the first positive force. In the region H ₊₃ , the substrate P is pressed downward by the liquid LQ with a third positive force that is greater than the second positive force. Therefore, as the region H ₊₁ , the region H ₊₂ , and the region H ₊₃ are reached, the pressing force exerted on the substrate P by the liquid LQ increases and the deformation amount of the substrate P also increases. In the present embodiment, the first, second, and third positive forces are about +20 Pa, +40 Pa, and +60 Pa with reference to atmospheric pressure (zero).

In addition, in the liquid immersion area AR2, the area H- ₁ is an area where a negative force (first negative force (negative pressure)) due to the liquid LQ is applied to the substrate P. In the region H- ₁ , the substrate P is pulled upward (to the liquid LQ side) by the liquid LQ with the first negative force. In the region H- ₂ , the substrate P is pulled upward by the liquid LQ with a second negative force larger than the first negative force. In the region H- ₃ , the substrate P is pulled upward by the liquid LQ with a third negative force larger than the second negative force. Accordingly, the tensile force exerted on the substrate P by the liquid LQ increases as the region H ₋₁ , the region H ₋₂ , and the region H ₋₃ become, and the deformation amount of the substrate P also increases. In the present embodiment, the first, second, and third negative forces are about −20 Pa, −40 Pa, and −60 Pa with reference to atmospheric pressure (zero).

Then, as shown in FIG. 4, in accordance with the contact angle theta _P with respect to the liquid LQ of the substrate P, the liquid LQ on the substrate P is the force on the substrate P changes. As shown in FIG. 4 (c), when the contact angle theta _P with respect to the liquid LQ of the substrate P is 90 °, the region H ₀ the ratio is most occupied in the liquid immersion area AR2. That is, when the contact angle θ _P = 90 °, the force exerted on the substrate P by the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area AR2 formed on the substrate P is the smallest.

Further, as the contact angle theta _P with respect to the liquid LQ of the substrate P is increased, the liquid LQ on the substrate P becomes larger Shoriki on the substrate P. On the other hand, as the contact angle theta _P decreases, the liquid LQ on the substrate P is negative force increases on the substrate P. More specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 4 (b), when the contact angle theta _P with respect to the liquid LQ of the substrate P is 95 °, the ratio of the liquid immersion area AR2 occupied region H ₊₁ becomes the most. Further, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), when the contact angle theta _P with respect to the liquid LQ of the substrate P is 105 °, the ratio of the liquid immersion area AR2 occupied region _{H +2} becomes most. That is, the contact angle theta _P is 95 °, as large as 105 °, the force the liquid LQ on the substrate P of the liquid immersion area AR2 formed on the substrate P (Shoriki) also increases.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4 (d), when the contact angle theta _P with respect to the liquid LQ of the substrate P is 85 °, the ratio of the liquid immersion area AR2 occupied region _{H -1} is the most. Further, as shown in FIG. 4 (e), when the contact angle theta _P with respect to the liquid LQ of the substrate P is 75 °, the ratio of the liquid immersion area AR2 occupied region _{H -2} is most. That is, the contact angle theta _P is 85 °, as smaller and 75 °, the force the liquid LQ on the substrate P of the liquid immersion area AR2 formed on the substrate P (negative pressure) is also increased.

As described above, when the contact angle theta _P with respect to the liquid LQ of the substrate P is 90 °, the force the liquid LQ on the substrate P of the liquid immersion area AR2 formed on the substrate P is the smallest, the substrate P Deformation (distortion), deformation and vibration of the substrate stage PST can be suppressed. Therefore, it is preferable that the contact angle theta _P with respect to the liquid LQ of the substrate P in the vicinity 90 °. Further, it is possible to prevent the liquid LQ from entering the gap on the substrate stage PST (for example, the gap between the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST and the substrate P). Therefore, the contact angle θ _{P with} respect to the liquid LQ of the substrate P satisfies the condition of 85 ° ≦ θ _P ≦ 95 ° in consideration of the condition that the liquid LQ does not enter and the allowable value of the deformation amount of the substrate P or the like. It is preferable to do.

In the present embodiment, the contact angles θ _2A and θ _70A of the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 and the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 with respect to the liquid LQ are set to 30 ° or less (preferably 5 ° or less), In this case, the contact angle θ _P with respect to the liquid LQ on the surface of the substrate P is set so as to satisfy the condition of 85 ° ≦ θ _P ≦ 95 °, but the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area AR2 exerts on the substrate P. The force also varies depending on the affinity (contact angle) between the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 and the liquid LQ and the affinity (contact angle) between the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 and the liquid LQ. Therefore, the affinity of the surface of the substrate P for the liquid LQ is the affinity between the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 of the projection optical system PL that contacts the liquid LQ and the liquid LQ, and the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70. It is preferable to set in consideration of the affinity with the liquid LQ.

  Conversely, the affinity of the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 for the liquid LQ and the affinity of the nozzle member 70 for the liquid contact surface 70A are set so as to reduce the force exerted on the substrate P by the liquid LQ on the substrate P. You may make it do.

  On the other hand, for example, when the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 becomes minute depending on the shape of the nozzle member 70, the force that the substrate P receives from the liquid LQ is affected by the affinity between the liquid contact surface 70A and the liquid LQ. There is a possibility not to receive. Therefore, in such a case, without considering the affinity between the liquid contact surface 70A and the liquid LQ, only the affinity between the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 and the liquid LQ is considered, and the substrate P The affinity for the liquid LQ on the surface may be set. Furthermore, when the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 is very small, the force that the substrate P receives from the liquid LQ may not be affected by the affinity between the liquid contact surface 2A and the liquid LQ. . Therefore, in such a case, the affinity for the liquid LQ on the surface of the substrate P may be set without considering the affinity between the liquid contact surface 2A and the liquid LQ.

Incidentally, the surface of the substrate P when setting the affinity for the liquid LQ, to the ratio of the area H ₀ of the liquid immersion area AR2 may be set in consideration of, the substrate P is immersion area AR2 You may make it set in consideration of the sum total of the force received from the liquid LQ.

  Further, since the pressure of the liquid LQ also changes depending on the movement state of the substrate P (substrate stage PST), the contact angle of the substrate P (substrate stage PST) with the liquid LQ is the movement state of the substrate P (substrate stage PST). This should be set in consideration of For example, in the present embodiment, since the substrate P is exposed while moving, the contact angle of the substrate P with the liquid LQ is set so that the force exerted by the liquid LQ on the substrate P during exposure, that is, moving is small. If the exposure apparatus EX is a collective exposure apparatus that exposes the substrate P in a substantially stationary state, the liquid on the substrate P is reduced so that the force exerted by the liquid LQ on the stationary substrate P is reduced. What is necessary is just to set a contact angle with LQ.

  Returning to FIG. 3, the substrate stage PST has an upper surface 51 that is substantially flush with the surface of the substrate P around the substrate P held by the substrate holder PH. The upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST is a flat surface (flat portion).

  The upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST has a predetermined affinity (contact angle) for the liquid LQ. Specifically, the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST has an affinity for the liquid LQ such that when the liquid LQ is disposed on the upper surface 51, the force that the upper surface 51 receives from the liquid LQ is reduced.

  The upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST is liquid repellent and has liquid repellency. By imparting a predetermined liquid repellency (liquid repellency level) to the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST, the force received by the substrate stage PST from the liquid LQ arranged on the upper surface 51 can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the upper surface 51 is provided with a liquid repellency by providing the upper surface 51 with a film 51C made of a liquid repellent material. Examples of the liquid repellent material for the liquid repellent treatment include a fluorine resin material or an acrylic resin material. The film 51 </ b> C is formed by applying the liquid repellent material to the upper surface 51. The film 51C may be formed by attaching a thin film made of the liquid repellent material. As the liquid repellent material for making it liquid repellent, a material that is insoluble in the liquid LQ is used. Note that the whole or part of the substrate stage PST including the upper surface 51 may be formed of a material having liquid repellency such as a fluororesin such as polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon (registered trademark)).

The contact angle θ ₅₁ with the liquid LQ on the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST having liquid repellency is provided so as to satisfy the condition of 85 ° ≦ θ ₅₁ ≦ 95 °. In the present embodiment, the selection of the liquid repellent material for forming the film 51C and the setting of the liquid repellent treatment conditions are performed so that the contact angle θ ₅₁ of the upper surface 51 with the liquid LQ satisfies the above conditions. Has been done.

The contact angle θ ₅₁ of the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST with the liquid (pure water) LQ is provided so as to satisfy the condition of 85 ° ≦ θ ₅₁ ≦ 95 °, and has been described with reference to FIG. As described above, the force received by the substrate stage PST from the liquid LQ disposed on the upper surface 51 can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the upper surface 42A of the movable mirror 42 and the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST are substantially flush with each other. The upper surface 42A of the movable mirror 42 is also liquid-repellent and has liquid repellency. The contact angle of the upper surface 42A with respect to the liquid LQ is set to be substantially the same as the contact angle of the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST with respect to the liquid LQ. The upper surface of the substrate stage PST including the upper surface 42A of the movable mirror 42 is substantially flush with the substrate P being held.

  By providing an upper surface 51 that is substantially flush with the surface of the substrate P around the substrate P, the liquid LQ is held on the image plane side of the projection optical system PL even when the edge region E of the substrate P is subjected to immersion exposure. The liquid immersion area AR2 can be formed satisfactorily. Further, there is a gap of about 0.1 to 2 mm between the edge portion of the substrate P and the flat surface (upper surface) 51 provided around the substrate P, but the liquid is placed in the gap due to the surface tension of the liquid LQ. The LQ hardly flows, and the liquid LQ can be held under the projection optical system PL by the flat surface 51 even when the vicinity of the periphery of the substrate P is exposed.

  Even in this case, the affinity of the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage 51 for the liquid LQ is the affinity between the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 of the projection optical system PL that contacts the liquid LQ and the liquid LQ, and the nozzle member. It is preferable to set in consideration of the affinity between the liquid contact surface 70A of the 70 and the liquid LQ.

  Alternatively, the affinity of the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 for the liquid LQ or the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 is reduced so that the force exerted on the substrate stage PST by the liquid LQ on the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST is reduced. You may make it set affinity.

  Alternatively, when the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 and the liquid contact surface 2A of the optical element 2 are very small, the affinity between the liquid contact surface 70A and the liquid LQ, or the affinity between the liquid contact surface 2A and the liquid LQ. Without considering the above, the affinity of the surface of the substrate P for the liquid LQ may be set.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the above material is used so that the affinity (contact angle) of the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST to the liquid LQ and the affinity (contact angle) of the surface of the substrate P to the liquid LQ are substantially the same. Selection and processing conditions are set. By making the affinity (contact angle) of the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST to the liquid LQ substantially the same as the affinity (contact angle) of the surface of the substrate P to the liquid LQ, the edge region E and the like of the substrate P are liquidated. Even when the immersion area AR2 of the liquid LQ is formed so as to include the substrate P and the upper surface 51 during immersion exposure, or when the immersion area AR2 is moved between the substrate P and the upper surface 51, the liquid LQ It is possible to prevent inconveniences such as the fluctuation of the force (pressure fluctuation) exerted on the substrate P (substrate stage PST) and the liquid LQ due to the pressure fluctuation and the deterioration of the exposure accuracy and measurement accuracy.

  As described above, the affinity of the surface of the substrate P for the liquid LQ or the substrate stage so as to reduce the force exerted on the substrate P or the substrate stage PST by the liquid LQ on the substrate P or the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST. By setting the affinity of the upper surface 51 of the PST for the liquid LQ, it is possible to prevent the substrate P, the substrate stage PST, or the deformation (distortion) of the optical element 2 in contact with the liquid LQ in the projection optical system PL from occurring. it can. Therefore, inconveniences such as deterioration of the overlay accuracy of the pattern on the substrate P accompanying the deformation of the substrate P and the substrate stage PST can be prevented, and high exposure accuracy can be obtained.

  Further, when the liquid immersion method is applied to a twin stage type exposure apparatus disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 10-163099, 10-214783, and 2000-505958, for example, a measurement station , The surface information of the substrate P is measured using the focus detection system in a state where the liquid immersion area AR2 is not formed on the substrate P (without the liquid LQ), and an approximate plane of the substrate P is obtained in advance. In the exposure station, the liquid LQ immersion area AR2 is formed on the substrate P, and the obtained approximation is performed so that the image plane formed through the projection optical system PL and the liquid LQ matches the surface of the substrate P. A configuration in which the substrate P is subjected to immersion exposure while controlling the position (posture) of the substrate P based on the plane is conceivable. In this case, when the substrate P or the substrate stage PST is deformed by the force received from the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area AR2 formed on the substrate P (on the substrate stage PST), the approximate plane of the substrate P obtained by the measurement station. And the surface shape of the substrate P on which the immersion area AR2 of the liquid LQ is formed in the exposure station, the image plane formed via the projection optical system PL and the liquid LQ and the surface of the substrate P It becomes difficult to match. However, as in the present embodiment, the surface of the substrate P (the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST) so as to reduce the force exerted on the substrate P (substrate stage PST) by the liquid LQ on the substrate P (on the substrate stage PST). By setting the affinity for the liquid LQ, it is possible to prevent the above inconvenience.

  In the above-described embodiment, for the purpose of reducing the force received from the liquid LQ, the material of the photosensitive material Rg and the film TC on the surface of the substrate P is optimized, or the liquid repellency treatment is performed on the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST. By optimizing the materials and the processing conditions, the affinity of the surface of the substrate P and the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST for the liquid LQ is set to a desired state. You may make it optimize the physical property of the liquid LQ supplied on PST. That is, the liquid LQ may be adjusted so that the contact angle of the liquid LQ supplied from the liquid supply mechanism 10 on the substrate P or the substrate stage PST is optimized. The liquid LQ supplied from the liquid supply mechanism 10 onto the substrate P (or the substrate stage PST) has a contact angle on the substrate P (substrate stage PST) where the force received by the substrate P (substrate stage PST) from the liquid LQ is small. Therefore, the force received by the substrate P (substrate stage PST) can be reduced, and deformation (distortion) of the optical element 2 in contact with the liquid LQ in the substrate P, the substrate stage PST, or the projection optical system PL, etc. Can be prevented.

  FIG. 5 is a plan view of the substrate stage PST (Z stage 52) as viewed from above. On the substrate stage PST, a reference member 300 is disposed at a predetermined position outside the substrate P. The reference member 300 is provided with a reference mark PFM detected by the substrate alignment system 350 without passing through the liquid LQ and a reference mark MFM detected by the mask alignment system 360 through the liquid LQ in a predetermined positional relationship. ing. The upper surface of the reference member 300 is a substantially flat surface (flat portion), and is provided at the same height (level) as the substrate P surface held by the substrate stage PST and the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST. . The upper surface of the reference member 300 can also serve as a reference surface for the focus detection system 30. Further, the substrate alignment system 350 also detects the alignment mark 1 formed in association with the plurality of shot regions S1 to S24 on the substrate P.

  Before starting the immersion exposure of the substrate P, the control device CONT determines the positional relationship (baseline amount) between the detection reference position of the substrate alignment system 350 and the projection position of the pattern image of the mask M, the substrate alignment system 350, Measurement is performed using the mask alignment system 360, the reference member 300, and the like.

When the reference mark MFM is measured by the mask alignment system 360, the liquid immersion area AR2 is formed on the upper surface of the reference member 300. Like the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST, the affinity for the liquid LQ on the upper surface of the reference member 300 is increased. By setting optimally, the force received from the liquid LQ can be reduced. In the present embodiment, the reference mark PFM is measured in a state where the liquid immersion area AR2 is not formed on the reference member 300 (without the liquid LQ), and the reference mark MFM is measured on the liquid immersion area AR2 on the reference member 300. Is measured (via the liquid LQ). In this case, if the reference member 300 and the substrate stage PST are deformed by the force received from the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area AR2 formed on the reference member 300, it is difficult to accurately obtain the baseline amount. However, as in this embodiment, the liquid on the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST including the upper surface of the reference member 300 so as to reduce the force exerted on the reference member 300 by the liquid LQ on the reference member 300 (on the substrate stage PST). By setting the affinity for LQ, that is, by setting the contact angle θ _FM with the liquid LQ on the upper surface of the reference member 300 to 85 ° ≦ θ _FM ≦ 95 °, it is possible to prevent the inconvenience from occurring.

  Further, on the substrate stage PST, an illuminance unevenness sensor 400 as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-117238 is disposed as a measurement sensor at a predetermined position outside the substrate P. The illuminance unevenness sensor 400 includes an upper plate 401 having a surface of the substrate P held by the substrate stage PST and a flat surface (flat portion) provided at substantially the same height (level) as the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST. ing. In addition, a light receiving element (detector) constituting the illuminance unevenness sensor 400 is embedded in the substrate stage PST (under the upper plate), and exposure is performed through the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area formed on the upper plate 401. Light EL is received.

  Similarly, an aerial image measurement sensor 500 as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-14005 is provided as a measurement sensor at a predetermined position outside the substrate P on the substrate stage PST. The aerial image measurement sensor 500 also includes an upper plate 501 having a flat surface (flat portion) provided on the surface of the substrate P held by the substrate stage PST and substantially the same height (level) as the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST. Have.

  On the substrate stage PST, a dose sensor (illuminance sensor) 600 as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-16816 is also provided as a measurement sensor, and the upper plate of the dose sensor 600 is provided. The upper surface of 601 is provided at substantially the same height (level) as the surface of the substrate P held by the substrate stage PST and the upper surface 51 of the substrate stage PST.

  Prior to immersion exposure of the substrate P, the control device CONT performs measurements using the various sensors 400, 500, and 600 mounted on the substrate stage PST, and appropriately performs corrections and the like based on the measurement results.

  Each of the measurement sensors 400, 500, and 600 described above receives light through the liquid LQ in the liquid immersion area AR2 formed on the upper plate, and performs various measurements. The upper plates of the measurement sensors 400, 500, 600 are set to have an optimum affinity for the liquid LQ, and the force received from the liquid LQ is reduced. Therefore, the inconvenience that the upper plate and the substrate stage PST are deformed and the measurement accuracy is deteriorated is prevented.

  In the above-described embodiment, the substrate P and the substrate stage PST (including the upper plates of the various sensors) are reduced so that the force that the substrate P and the substrate stage PST (including the upper plates of the various sensors) receive from the liquid LQ is reduced. The contact angle of the liquid member LQ with the liquid LQ is set, but the lower end surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 and the optical element so that the force received from the liquid LQ by the nozzle member 70 and the optical element 2 in contact with the liquid LQ is also reduced. The contact angle between the lower end surface 2A of the liquid and the liquid LQ may be set. Also in this case, it is needless to say that the force that the substrate P and the substrate stage PST receive from the liquid LQ should be small. Therefore, the liquid LQ is reduced in accordance with the degree of inconvenience caused by the force received from the liquid LQ so that the force exerted on the substrate P, the substrate stage PST, the nozzle member 70, and the optical element 2 is minimized. It is desirable to determine the affinity (contact angle) with LQ.

  That is, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 6, the first surface S1 including the surface of the substrate P and the upper surface 51 (including upper plates of various sensors) of the substrate stage PST and the image surface side front end surface of the projection optical system PL. In the case where the liquid LQ is held between the liquid contact surface 2A and the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 provided around the liquid contact surface 2A and facing the second surface S2 facing the first surface S1, the liquid LQ is It is preferable to set the affinity between each of the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 and the liquid LQ so that the force exerted on the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 is reduced.

  Further, when setting the affinity between each of the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 and the liquid LQ, as shown in FIG. 6, the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 facing the first surface S1, The affinity between the liquid LQ and each of the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 is set so that the interface LE between the liquid LQ held between and the gas space outside thereof is substantially linear in a side view. It is good to set. By doing so, the force exerted on the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 by the liquid LQ held between the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 can be reduced.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 7A, when the interface LE of the liquid LQ is greatly curved so as to be recessed inward, the surface of the liquid LQ in each of the first surface S1 and the second surface S2. Since the tension acts outward (see arrow y1), the liquid LQ between the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 becomes negative due to the surface tension, and the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 A negative force (negative force (negative pressure)) by the liquid LQ is applied. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7B, when the interface LE of the liquid LQ is greatly curved so as to bulge outward, the surface of the liquid LQ in each of the first surface S1 and the second surface S2. Since the tension acts inward (see arrow y2), the liquid LQ between the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 becomes a positive pressure due to the surface tension, and the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 A positive force (positive force (positive pressure)) by the liquid LQ is applied. However, as shown in FIG. 7C, the surface LE of the liquid LQ acting on the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 is reduced by making the interface LE of the liquid LQ substantially linear in a side view. Can do. Therefore, the force (including the weight of the liquid LQ) due to the liquid LQ acting on the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 can be reduced. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the substrate P, the substrate stage PST, the optical element 2, the nozzle member 70, and the like that form the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 from being deformed and vibrations.

  Particularly in the present embodiment, the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 are substantially parallel, and the sum of the contact angle α of the first surface S1 with respect to the liquid LQ and the contact angle β of the second surface S2 with respect to the liquid LQ. However, by setting the affinity between each of the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 and the liquid LQ so as to be approximately 180 °, the interface LE can be made substantially linear.

  When the contact angle of the first surface S1 or the second surface S2 with the liquid LQ is substantially constant, the contact angle with the liquid LQ on the other surface is matched to the contact angle with the liquid LQ on one surface. You can decide.

  As an example, when the photosensitive material Rg on the surface of the substrate P has a contact angle α with the liquid LQ of about 75 °, the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 has a liquid repellency such as polytetrafluoroethylene. The above condition (α + β≈180) can be satisfied by applying the material and setting the contact angle of the liquid contact surface 70A with the liquid LQ to about 105 °. Alternatively, when a film TC on the surface of the substrate P having a contact angle α with the liquid LQ of about 110 ° is used, an acrylic resin or the like is applied to the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70, and the liquid The above condition (α + β≈180) can be satisfied by setting the contact angle of the contact surface 70A with the liquid LQ to about 70 °.

  Further, if the interface LE can be linear (if the condition of α + β≈180 ° can be satisfied), the first surface S1 may be lyophilic and the second surface S2 may be lyophobic. For example, as described above, when a liquid repellent material such as polytetrafluoroethylene is applied to the lower surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 to make it liquid repellent, the photosensitive material Rg on the surface of the substrate P or the upper surface of the substrate stage PST is used. 51 may be lyophilic.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, for example, an inclined surface 70K is provided on the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 in the second surface S2, and the relative angle between the second surface S2 and the first surface S1 at the inclined surface 70K. The angle γ and the affinity (contact angles α, β) are such that the sum of γ, the contact angle α of the first surface S1 with respect to the liquid LQ, and the contact angle β with respect to the liquid LQ of the second surface S2 is approximately 180 °. ) May be set. This also makes it possible to make the interface LE linear in a side view. In such a configuration, for example, in the case of applying a material to the liquid contact surface 70A and performing a surface treatment in order to set the contact angle β of the liquid contact surface 70A of the nozzle member 70 with the liquid LQ to a desired value. Even when a situation where an appropriate material cannot be found occurs, the interface LE can be made linear by providing the inclined surface 70K on the second surface S2 and setting the relative angle γ with the first surface S1.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 9, an adjustment mechanism 100 that adjusts the relative angle γ between the first surface S1 and the second surface S2 may be provided. Then, the angle γ may be adjusted according to the liquid LQ to be used, the substrate P to be used (photosensitive materials Rg, TC), and the like. In FIG. 9, the adjustment mechanism 100 includes a sheet-like member 73 having one end connected to the nozzle member 70 and an elevating device 101 that moves the other end of the sheet-like member 73 in the vertical direction. The sheet-like member 73 has a lower surface 70 </ b> K ′ that is continuous with the lower surface 70 </ b> A of the nozzle member 70. The sheet-like member 73 is made of, for example, a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet. Since one end portion of the sheet-like member 73 is connected to the lower surface 70A of the nozzle member 70, the lifting device (adjusting mechanism) 100 moves the other end portion of the sheet-like member 73 in the up-down direction, whereby the substrate P (substrate The relative angle γ between the upper surface 51) of the stage PST and the lower surface 70K ′ can be adjusted.

  As described above, the liquid LQ in the present embodiment is composed of pure water. Pure water has an advantage that it can be easily obtained in large quantities at a semiconductor manufacturing factory or the like, and has no adverse effect on the photoresist, optical element (lens), etc. on the substrate P. In addition, pure water has no adverse effects on the environment, and since the impurity content is extremely low, it can be expected to clean the surface of the substrate P and the surface of the optical element provided on the front end surface of the projection optical system PL. . When the purity of pure water supplied from a factory or the like is low, the exposure apparatus may have an ultrapure water production device.

  The refractive index n of pure water (water) with respect to the exposure light EL having a wavelength of about 193 nm is said to be approximately 1.44. When ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm) is used as the light source of the exposure light EL, On the substrate P, the wavelength is shortened to 1 / n, that is, about 134 nm, and a high resolution can be obtained. Furthermore, since the depth of focus is enlarged by about n times, that is, about 1.44 times compared with that in the air, the projection optical system PL can be used when it is sufficient to ensure the same depth of focus as that in the air. The numerical aperture can be further increased, and the resolution is improved in this respect as well.

  As described above, when the liquid immersion method is used, the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system may be 0.9 to 1.3. When the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system becomes large in this way, the imaging performance may deteriorate due to the polarization effect with random polarized light conventionally used as exposure light. desirable. In that case, linearly polarized illumination is performed in accordance with the longitudinal direction of the line pattern of the mask (reticle) line-and-space pattern. From the mask (reticle) pattern, the S-polarized light component (TE-polarized light component), that is, the line pattern It is preferable that a large amount of diffracted light having a polarization direction component is emitted along the longitudinal direction. When the space between the projection optical system PL and the resist applied on the surface of the substrate P is filled with a liquid, the space between the projection optical system PL and the resist applied on the surface of the substrate P is filled with air (gas). Compared with the case where the transmittance of the diffracted light of the S-polarized component (TE-polarized component) contributing to the improvement of the contrast is high on the resist surface, the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system exceeds 1.0. Even in this case, high imaging performance can be obtained. Further, it is more effective to appropriately combine a phase shift mask or an oblique incidence illumination method (particularly a die ball illumination method) or the like according to the longitudinal direction of the line pattern as disclosed in JP-A-6-188169. In particular, the combination of the linearly polarized illumination method and the diball illumination method is used when the periodic direction of the line-and-space pattern is limited to a predetermined direction, or when the hole pattern is closely packed along the predetermined direction. It is effective when

  Further, for example, an ArF excimer laser is used as the exposure light, and a fine line and space pattern (for example, a line and space of about 25 to 50 nm) is formed on the substrate by using the projection optical system PL with a reduction magnification of about 1/4. When exposing on P, depending on the structure of the mask M (for example, the fineness of the pattern and the thickness of chrome), the mask M acts as a polarizing plate due to the Wave guide effect, and the P-polarized component (TM polarized light) that lowers the contrast. Since the diffracted light of the S-polarized component (TE-polarized component) is emitted from the mask M more than the diffracted light of the component), it is desirable to use the above-mentioned linearly polarized illumination, but the mask M is illuminated with random polarized light Even when the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system PL is as large as 0.9 to 1.3, high resolution performance can be obtained. When an extremely fine line-and-space pattern on the mask M is exposed on the substrate P, the P-polarized component (TM-polarized component) is larger than the S-polarized component (TE-polarized component) due to the Wire Grid effect. For example, an ArF excimer laser is used as exposure light, and a line and space pattern larger than 25 nm is exposed on the substrate P using the projection optical system PL with a reduction magnification of about 1/4. In this case, since the diffracted light of the S polarization component (TE polarization component) is emitted from the mask M more than the diffracted light of the P polarization component (TM polarization component), the numerical aperture NA of the projection optical system PL is 0.9. High resolution performance can be obtained even when the value is as large as -1.3.

  Furthermore, not only linearly polarized illumination (S-polarized illumination) matched to the longitudinal direction of the line pattern of the mask (reticle) but also a circle centered on the optical axis as disclosed in JP-A-6-53120. A combination of the polarization illumination method that linearly polarizes in the tangential (circumferential) direction and the oblique incidence illumination method is also effective. In particular, when not only a line pattern extending in a predetermined direction but also a plurality of line patterns extending in different directions (a mixture of line and space patterns having different periodic directions) is included in the mask (reticle) pattern, Similarly, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-53120, an aperture of the projection optical system can be obtained by using both the polarization illumination method that linearly polarizes in the tangential direction of the circle centered on the optical axis and the annular illumination method. Even when the number NA is large, high imaging performance can be obtained.

  In the present embodiment, the optical element 2 is attached to the tip of the projection optical system PL, and the optical characteristics of the projection optical system PL, for example, aberration (spherical aberration, coma aberration, etc.) can be adjusted by this lens. The optical element attached to the tip of the projection optical system PL may be an optical plate used for adjusting the optical characteristics of the projection optical system PL. Alternatively, it may be a plane parallel plate that can transmit the exposure light EL.

  When the pressure between the optical element at the tip of the projection optical system PL generated by the flow of the liquid LQ and the substrate P is large, the optical element is not exchangeable but the optical element is moved by the pressure. It may be fixed firmly so that there is no.

  In the present embodiment, the space between the projection optical system PL and the surface of the substrate P is filled with the liquid LQ. However, for example, the liquid with the cover glass made of a plane-parallel plate attached to the surface of the substrate P is used. The structure which satisfy | fills LQ may be sufficient.

The liquid LQ of the present embodiment is water, but may be a liquid other than water. For example, when the light source of the exposure light EL is an F ₂ laser, the F ₂ laser light does not pass through water. The liquid LQ may be, for example, a fluorinated fluid such as perfluorinated polyether (PFPE) or fluorinated oil that can transmit F ₂ laser light. In this case, the lyophilic treatment is performed by forming a thin film with a substance having a molecular structure having a small polarity including fluorine, for example, at a portion in contact with the liquid LQ. In addition, as the liquid LQ, the liquid LQ is transmissive to the exposure light EL, has a refractive index as high as possible, and is stable with respect to the photoresist applied to the projection optical system PL and the surface of the substrate P (for example, Cedar). Oil) can also be used. Also in this case, the surface treatment is performed according to the polarity of the liquid LQ to be used. Even when a liquid other than water is used, if the affinity of the surface of the substrate (substrate stage PST) with respect to the liquid is optimized so that the force exerted on the substrate P (substrate stage PST) is reduced. Good.

  The substrate P in each of the above embodiments is not only a semiconductor wafer for manufacturing a semiconductor device, but also a glass substrate for a display device, a ceramic wafer for a thin film magnetic head, or an original mask or reticle used in an exposure apparatus. (Synthetic quartz, silicon wafer) or the like is applied.

  As the exposure apparatus EX, in addition to the step-and-scan type scanning exposure apparatus (scanning stepper) that scans and exposes the pattern of the mask M by moving the mask M and the substrate P synchronously, the mask M and the substrate P Can be applied to a step-and-repeat type projection exposure apparatus (stepper) in which the pattern of the mask M is collectively exposed while the substrate P is stationary and the substrate P is sequentially moved stepwise. In this case, for example, a projection exposure apparatus (immersion type) having a refracting projection optical system with a magnification of 1/8 is used, and at least two patterns are transferred onto the substrate P in a partially overlapping manner. The present invention can also be applied to a type of exposure apparatus.

  In the above-described embodiment, an exposure apparatus that locally fills the liquid between the projection optical system PL and the substrate P is employed. However, the present invention is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-124873. It is also applicable to an immersion exposure apparatus that moves a stage holding a substrate to be exposed in a liquid tank.

  The type of the exposure apparatus EX is not limited to an exposure apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor element that exposes a semiconductor element pattern on the substrate P, but an exposure apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element or a display, a thin film magnetic head, an image sensor (CCD). ) Or an exposure apparatus for manufacturing reticles or masks.

  When using a linear motor (see USP5,623,853 or USP5,528,118) for the substrate stage PST and mask stage MST, use either an air levitation type using air bearings or a magnetic levitation type using Lorentz force or reactance force. Also good. Each stage PST, MST may be a type that moves along a guide, or may be a guideless type that does not have a guide.

  As a driving mechanism for each stage PST, MST, a planar motor that drives each stage PST, MST by electromagnetic force with a magnet unit having a two-dimensionally arranged magnet and an armature unit having a two-dimensionally arranged coil facing each other is provided. It may be used. In this case, either one of the magnet unit and the armature unit may be connected to the stages PST and MST, and the other of the magnet unit and the armature unit may be provided on the moving surface side of the stages PST and MST.

  As described in JP-A-8-166475 (USP 5,528,118), the reaction force generated by the movement of the substrate stage PST is not transmitted to the projection optical system PL, but mechanically using a frame member. You may escape to the floor (ground).

  As described in JP-A-8-330224 (US S / N 08 / 416,558), a frame member is used so that the reaction force generated by the movement of the mask stage MST is not transmitted to the projection optical system PL. May be mechanically released to the floor (ground).

  As described above, the exposure apparatus EX according to the present embodiment maintains various mechanical subsystems including the respective constituent elements recited in the claims of the present application so as to maintain predetermined mechanical accuracy, electrical accuracy, and optical accuracy. Manufactured by assembling. In order to ensure these various accuracies, before and after assembly, various optical systems are adjusted to achieve optical accuracy, various mechanical systems are adjusted to achieve mechanical accuracy, and various electrical systems are Adjustments are made to achieve electrical accuracy. The assembly process from the various subsystems to the exposure apparatus includes mechanical connection, electrical circuit wiring connection, pneumatic circuit piping connection and the like between the various subsystems. Needless to say, there is an assembly process for each subsystem before the assembly process from the various subsystems to the exposure apparatus. When the assembly process of the various subsystems to the exposure apparatus is completed, comprehensive adjustment is performed to ensure various accuracies as the entire exposure apparatus. The exposure apparatus is preferably manufactured in a clean room where the temperature, cleanliness, etc. are controlled.

  As shown in FIG. 10, a microdevice such as a semiconductor device includes a step 201 for designing a function / performance of the microdevice, a step 202 for producing a mask (reticle) based on the design step, and a substrate as a substrate of the device. Manufacturing step 203, exposure processing step 204 for exposing the mask pattern onto the substrate by the exposure apparatus EX of the above-described embodiment, device assembly step (including dicing process, bonding process, packaging process) 205, inspection step 206, etc. It is manufactured after.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2 ... Optical element, 2A ... Liquid contact surface (end surface), 10 ... Liquid supply mechanism, 20 ... Liquid recovery mechanism, 51 ... Upper surface (flat part), 70 ... Nozzle member, 70A ... Liquid contact surface (end surface), 100 ... Adjustment mechanism, CONT ... control device, EL ... exposure light, EX ... exposure device, LE ... interface, LQ ... liquid, P ... substrate (object), PL ... projection optical system, PST ... substrate stage (object), Rg ... photosensitive Material, S1 ... 1st surface, S2 ... 2nd surface, TC ... Film (protective film)

Claims (32)

In an exposure method of exposing the substrate by irradiating the substrate with exposure light via a projection optical system and a liquid,
An exposure method, wherein affinity of the surface of the substrate to the liquid is set so that a force exerted on the substrate by the liquid on the substrate is reduced.   The exposure method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the substrate includes a surface of a photosensitive material applied on the substrate.   The exposure method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the substrate includes a protective film that covers the photosensitive material applied on the substrate.   The exposure method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the substrate is liquid repellent.   The exposure method according to claim 4, wherein a contact angle θ of the surface of the substrate with the liquid is 85 ° ≦ θ ≦ 95 °.   The affinity of the surface of the substrate for the liquid is set in consideration of the affinity between the liquid and the end face of the projection optical system that contacts the liquid. The exposure method according to one item.   The exposure method according to claim 6, wherein an end face of the projection optical system is lyophilic.   8. The exposure method according to claim 7, wherein a contact angle [theta] of the end face of the projection optical system with the liquid is [theta] ≤5 [deg.].   A device manufacturing method using the exposure method according to any one of claims 1 to 8. In an exposure apparatus that exposes the substrate by irradiating the substrate with exposure light via a projection optical system and a liquid,
A substrate stage for holding the substrate;
The exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the substrate stage has an affinity for the liquid with a small force that the substrate stage receives from the liquid on the upper surface of the substrate stage.   The exposure apparatus according to claim 10, wherein an upper surface of the substrate stage is liquid repellent.   The exposure apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a contact angle θ of the upper surface of the substrate stage with the liquid is 85 ° ≦ θ ≦ 95 °.   The affinity for the liquid on the upper surface of the substrate stage is set in consideration of the affinity between the end surface of the projection optical system that contacts the liquid and the liquid. An exposure apparatus according to claim 1.   14. The exposure apparatus according to claim 13, wherein an end face of the projection optical system is lyophilic.   The exposure apparatus according to claim 14, wherein a contact angle θ of the end surface of the projection optical system with the liquid is θ ≦ 5 °. A liquid supply mechanism for supplying the liquid;
16. The liquid supplied from the liquid supply mechanism has a contact angle on the upper surface of the substrate stage that has a small contact force on the substrate stage from the liquid on the substrate stage. The exposure apparatus according to one item. In an exposure apparatus that exposes the substrate by irradiating the substrate with exposure light via a projection optical system and a liquid,
A liquid supply mechanism for supplying the liquid;
An exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid supplied from the liquid supply mechanism has a contact angle at which a predetermined object receives a small force from the liquid.   The exposure apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the object includes the substrate.   The exposure apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the object includes a substrate stage that holds the substrate. In an exposure apparatus that exposes the substrate by irradiating the substrate with exposure light via a projection optical system and a liquid,
A substrate stage for holding the substrate;
The substrate stage has a flat portion substantially flush with the surface of the substrate around the substrate held by the substrate stage,
An exposure apparatus, wherein the affinity of the surface of the flat part to the liquid is substantially the same as the affinity of the surface of the substrate to the liquid.   21. The exposure apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the flat portion of the substrate stage is liquid repellent.   The exposure apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the upper surface of the substrate stage is substantially flush with the substrate held. In an exposure apparatus that exposes the substrate by irradiating the substrate with exposure light via a projection optical system and a liquid,
The liquid is held between a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface;
The affinity between each of the first surface and the second surface and the liquid is set so that the interface between the liquid and the gas space outside thereof is substantially linear in a side view. Exposure device. In an exposure apparatus that exposes the substrate by irradiating the substrate with exposure light via a projection optical system and a liquid,
The liquid is held between a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface;
The affinity between the liquid and each of the first surface and the second surface is set so that the force exerted by the liquid on the first surface and the second surface is reduced. Exposure device. The first surface and the second surface are substantially parallel;
The affinity of each of the first surface and the second surface with the liquid is set so that the sum of the contact angle with respect to the liquid on the first surface and the contact angle with the liquid on the second surface is approximately 180 °. 25. The exposure apparatus according to claim 23 or 24, wherein   The angle and the angle so that a sum of a relative angle between the first surface and the second surface, a contact angle with respect to the liquid of the first surface, and a contact angle with respect to the liquid of the second surface is approximately 180 °. The exposure apparatus according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the affinity is set.   27. The exposure apparatus according to claim 23, further comprising an adjustment mechanism that adjusts a relative angle between the first surface and the second surface.   The exposure apparatus according to any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the first surface includes at least one of an upper surface of a substrate stage that holds the substrate and the surface of the substrate.   The exposure apparatus according to any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein the second surface includes a liquid contact surface of a predetermined member provided around an image surface side front end surface of the projection optical system.   30. The exposure apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the first surface is lyophilic and the second surface is lyophobic.   The exposure apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the liquid is pure water.   32. A device manufacturing method using the exposure apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 31.

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