JP2010097845A - 二次電池用正極活物質およびそれを使用した二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用正極活物質およびそれを使用した二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 18
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- -1 F or Cl Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 5
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
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- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFRGATWKSPNXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethoxybutane Chemical compound CCC(OC)COC VFRGATWKSPNXLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCCS1(=O)=O PPDFQRAASCRJAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014275 LiMn1.75Al0.25O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910018584 Mn 2-x O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004356 Ti Raw Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】 低コストの材料を使用して、高電圧で動作し高い放電エネルギーを有する二次電池用正極活物質およびそれを使用した二次電池を提供する。
【解決手段】 下記一般式(I)
Lia(FexMn2-x-y1M1y1)O4-z ・・・・・・・・ (I)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0<y1<0.5、0≦a≦1、0≦z≦0.1、M1はSi、Ti、Li、MgおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されるスピネル型マンガン複合酸化物を二次電池用正極活物質とする。
【選択図】 なし
Description
Li+Fe3+ 0.6Mn3+ 0.4Mn4+ 1O2- 4
→ 0.4Li++Li0.6Fe3+ 0.6Mn4+ 1.4O2- 4 (Liに対する電位が3.7〜4.2Vの領域)
→ Li++Fe4+ 0.6Mn4+ 1.4O2- 4 (Liに対する電位が4.5〜5.2Vの領域)
この式からわかるように、LiFe0.6Mn1.4O4は3価のFeとMnが4価に変化することで放電が起こる。このように、充放電に関与する元素としてFeを使用することで、リチウム金属に対して4.5V以上での高い電位での動作が可能となる。このような材料の開発例として、特許文献2が開示されている。
Li+Mn3+Mn4+O2- 4 → Li++Mn4+ 2O2- 4
Lia(FexMn2-x-y1M1y1)O4-z ・・・・・・・・(I)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0<y1<0.5、0≦a≦1、0≦z≦0.1、M1はSi、Ti、Li、MgおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されるスピネル型マンガン複合酸化物であり、リチウム金属に対する活物質の電位が3V以上、5.2V以下の領域で充放電を行った場合に、放電平均電圧が4.2V以上であることを特徴とする。
Lia(FexMn2-x-y2-w1By2M2w1)O4-z ・・・・・(II)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0.01≦y2≦0.2、0≦a≦1、0≦w1<0.5、0≦z≦0.1、M2はSi、Ti、LiおよびMgよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されることを特徴とする。
Lia(FexMn2-x-y3-w1Mgy3M3w1)O4-z ・・・・・ (III)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0.02≦y3≦0.2、0≦a≦1、0≦w1<0.5、0≦z≦0.1、M3はSi、Ti、LiおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されることを特徴とする。
Lia(FexMn2-x-y4-w1Siy4M4w1)O4-z ・・・・・ (IV)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0.02≦y4≦0.5、0≦a≦1、0≦w1<0.5、0≦z≦0.1、M4はTi、Li、MgおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されることを特徴とする。
Lia(FexMn2-x-y4-w2Tiy4M5w2)O4-z ・・・・・ (V)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0.02≦y4≦0.5、0≦a≦1、0≦w2<0.3、0≦z≦0.1、M5はSi、Li、MgおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されることを特徴とする。
(VI)
Lia(FexMn2-x-y3-w1Liy3M6w1)O4-z ・・・・(VI)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0.02≦y3≦0.2、0≦a≦1、0≦w1<0.5、0≦z≦0.1、M6はSi、Ti、MgおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されることを特徴とする。
2 負極活物質層
3 正極集電体
4 負極集電体
5 セパレータ
6 外装ラミネート
7 負極リード端子
8 正極リード端子
Claims (7)
- 下記一般式(I)
Lia(FexMn2-x-y1M1y1)O4-z ・・・・・・・・ (I)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0<y1<0.5、0≦a≦1、0≦z≦0.1、M1はSi、Ti、Li、MgおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されるスピネル型マンガン複合酸化物であり、リチウム金属に対する活物質の電位が3V以上、5.2V以下の領域で充放電を行った場合に、放電平均電圧が4.2V以上であることを特徴とする二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記スピネル型マンガン複合酸化物が、下記一般式(II)
Lia(FexMn2-x-y2-w1By2M2w1)O4-z ・・・・・(II)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0.01≦y2≦0.2、0≦a≦1、0≦w1<0.5、0≦z≦0.1、M2はSi、Ti、LiおよびMgよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記スピネル型マンガン複合酸化物が、下記一般式(III)
Lia(FexMn2-x-y3-w1Mgy3M3w1)O4-z ・・・・・ (III)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0.02≦y3≦0.2、0≦a≦1、0≦w1<0.5、0≦z≦0.1、M3はSi、Ti、LiおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記スピネル型マンガン複合酸化物が、下記一般式(IV)
Lia(FexMn2-x-y4-w1Siy4M4w1)O4-z ・・・・・ (IV)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0.02≦y4≦0.5、0≦a≦1、0≦w1<0.5、0≦z≦0.1、M4はTi、Li、MgおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記スピネル型マンガン複合酸化物が、下記一般式(V)
Lia(FexMn2-x-y4-w2Tiy4M5w2)O4-z ・・・・・ (V)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0.02≦y4≦0.5、0≦a≦1、0≦w2<0.3、0≦z≦0.1、M5はSi、Li、MgおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記スピネル型マンガン複合酸化物が、下記一般式(VI)
Lia(FexMn2-x-y3-w1Liy3M6w1)O4-z ・・・・(VI)
(式中、0.3≦x≦1.1、0.02≦y3≦0.2、0≦a≦1、0≦w1<0.5、0≦z≦0.1、M6はSi、Ti、MgおよびBよりなる群から選ばれる一種を少なくとも含む)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用正極活物質。 - 請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池用正極活物質を正極に使用することを特徴とする二次電池。
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