JP2010050093A - 燃料電池エレメント電極 - Google Patents
燃料電池エレメント電極 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- -1 polytetrafluoro-ethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940058401 polytetrafluoroethylene Drugs 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4075—Composition or fabrication of the electrodes and coatings thereon, e.g. catalysts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
【解決手段】疎水性の黒鉛支持層(102)と、炭素基材内の電気触媒活性材料、および第1の濃度を有するポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)分を含む半疎水性の電気触媒層(104)と、炭素基材内の電気触媒活性材料を含む、かつ前記第1の濃度より低い第2の濃度を有するPTFE分を有する親水性の電気触媒層(106)とを含む、燃料電池エレメント(120、130)用の電極。
【選択図】図2
Description
3 支持部材
5 酸性のゲル電解質
7 ゲル膨張穴
9 第1の電極
11 第2の電極
17 空気側エレメント
19 ガス側エレメント
22 可撓性のOリングシール
24 Oリングシール
26 ガス抽出膜
28 ガス抽出チャンバ
30 矢印
32 矢印
34 固定負荷抵抗
36 電子信号測定手段
38 表示要素
100 電極
102 疎水性の黒鉛支持層
103 支持部材
104 半疎水性の電気触媒層
105 ゲル電解質
106 親水性の電気触媒層
107 ゲル膨張穴
109 第1の電極
111 第2の電極
120 燃料電池エレメント
122 針金接触子
130 燃料電池エレメント
132 電極
134 ガス浸透性の金層
136 電解質基材
Claims (10)
- 疎水性の黒鉛支持層(102)と、
炭素基材内の電気触媒活性材料、および第1の濃度を有するポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)分を含む半疎水性の電気触媒層(104)と、
炭素基材内の電気触媒活性材料を含む、かつ前記第1の濃度より低い第2の濃度を有するPTFE分を有する親水性の電気触媒層(106)と
を備える電極(100)。 - 前記半疎水性の電気触媒層(104)が、前記PTFE分を含む溶液を前記炭素基材上に吹き付けることによって得られる、請求項1記載の電極(100)。
- 前記親水性の電気触媒層(106)が、PTFEを含む混合物を前記炭素基材上に塗り広げることによって得られる、請求項1または2記載の電極(100)。
- 前記疎水性の黒鉛支持層(102)が黒鉛紙を含む、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項記載の電極(100)。
- 前記疎水性の黒鉛支持層(102)が、燃料電池エレメント(120、130)の気相に面し、前記親水性の電気触媒層(106)が、前記燃料電池エレメント(120、130)のゲル電解質(5)(105)に面する、請求項1記載の電極(100)。
- 前記半疎水性の電気触媒層(104)および前記親水性の電気触媒層(106)用の前記電気触媒活性材料が、白金(Pt)およびその合金、ルテニウム(Ru)、パラジウム(Pd)、イリジウム(Ir)、金(Au)、バナジウム(V)、チタン(Ti)、ニッケル(Ni)、スカンジウム(Sc)、ならびにロジウム(Rh)からなるグループから選択される、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項記載の電極(100)。
- 第1の電極(109)と、
第2の電極(111)と、
前記第1の電極(109)と前記第2の電極(111)との間に配置されたゲル電解質(105)とを備える燃料電池エレメント(120、130)であって、
前記第1および第2の電極(109、111)の少なくとも一方が、
疎水性の黒鉛支持層(102)と、
炭素基材内の電気触媒活性材料、および第1の濃度を有するポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)分を含む半疎水性の電気触媒層(104)と、
炭素基材内の電気触媒活性材料を含む、かつ前記第1の濃度より低い第2の濃度を有するPTFE分を有する親水性の電気触媒層(106)とを含み、
前記電極(109、111)のうちの一方に酸素含有ガスを供給する空気側エレメント(17)と、
前記電極(109、111)のうちの他方にガス混合物を供給するガス側エレメント(19)と、
各電極に結合された針金接触子(122)と、
前記ガス混合物のガス含有量を決定するための、前記針金接触子(122)に結合された信号測定手段と
をさらに備える燃料電池エレメント(120、130)。 - 前記半疎水性の電気触媒層(104)が、前記PTFE分を含む溶液を前記炭素基材上に吹き付けることによって得られる、請求項7記載の燃料電池エレメント(120、130)。
- 前記親水性の電気触媒層(106)が、PTFEを含む混合物を前記炭素基材上に塗り広げることによって得られる、請求項7または8記載の燃料電池エレメント(120、130)。
- 前記疎水性の黒鉛支持層(102)が黒鉛紙を含む、請求項7乃至9のいずれか1項記載の燃料電池エレメント(120、130)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/190,038 US9077009B2 (en) | 2008-08-12 | 2008-08-12 | Fuel cell element electrode including layers with varying hydrophobicity |
US12/190,038 | 2008-08-12 |
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JP2010050093A true JP2010050093A (ja) | 2010-03-04 |
JP5513807B2 JP5513807B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 |
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