JP2009545311A - 人間母乳から分離したプロバイオティック活性、及び体重増加抑制活性を有する乳酸菌 - Google Patents
人間母乳から分離したプロバイオティック活性、及び体重増加抑制活性を有する乳酸菌 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009545311A JP2009545311A JP2009522699A JP2009522699A JP2009545311A JP 2009545311 A JP2009545311 A JP 2009545311A JP 2009522699 A JP2009522699 A JP 2009522699A JP 2009522699 A JP2009522699 A JP 2009522699A JP 2009545311 A JP2009545311 A JP 2009545311A
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- lactobacillus gasseri
- lactic acid
- lactobacillus
- bnr17
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Abstract
Description
i.菌集落(colony)の形態、大きさ及び色合い: 円形、0.5 mm×2 mm、乳白色、表面円滑。
ii.グラム(Gram)染色:陽性。
iii.菌の形態:棒状(桿菌)。
iv.胞子形成能:無し。
v.運動性:無し。
i.生育温度範囲:25〜45℃
ii.生育pH範囲:pH 4.0〜10.0
iii.最適生育温度:37〜40℃
iv.最適生育pH:pH 6.0〜8.0
グリセロール(Glycerol)-、リボース(Ribose)-、アドニトール(Adonitol)-、ガラクトース(Galactose)+、D-グルコース(Glucose)+、D-フルクトース(Fructose)+、D-マンノース(Mannose)+、マンニトール(Mannitol)-、ソルビトール(Sorbitol)-、N-アセチルグルコシド(Acetylglucoside)+、エスクリン(Esculin)+、サリシン(Salicin)+、セロビオース(Cellobiose)+、マルトース(Maltose)+、ラクトース(Lactose)+、メリビオース(Melibiose)-、サッカロース(Saccharose)+、トレハロース(Trehalose)+、 イヌリン(Inulin)-、メレジトース(Melezitose)-、ラフィノース(Raffinose)-、澱粉(Starch)-、β-ゲンチオビオース(Gentiobiose)-、D-ツラノース(Turanose)+、D-タガトース(Tagatose)+
エリスロマイシン(Erythromycin)、ペニシリン(Penicillin)、テトラサイクリン(Tetracycline)、アンピシリン(Ampicillin)、クロラムフェニコール(Chloramphenicol)、バンコマイシン(Vancomycin)、セフォキシチン(Cefoxitin)、リファンピン(Rifampin)に対し感受性。
赤ん坊を出産してから2週以内の女性の母乳を採取し、リン酸緩衝溶液を利用して適切に希釈したあと、原液と希釈液をラクトバチルス選択培地に塗抹した。 37℃で2〜3日間培養して現われたコロニー等を形態及び色相別に区別し、さらに純粋分離した。分離されたコロニーに対しグラム染色及び顕微鏡観察を行なってグラム陽性であるとともに棒状の形態を有するコロニーだけを選別し、これらをpH 6.8のMRS液体培地で37℃、24時間培養しながら培養液のpHが4.5以下に減少するコロニーを再選別した。以後、pH 2.0のMRS培地で2時間培養したあと、さらに0.3%のoxgallが添加されたMRS培地内で9時間培養した場合に生存可能な耐酸性、耐胆汁性ラクトバチルス菌株を分離し、16S rRNAシークエンシング(sequencing)で同定してラクトバチルス・ガッセリー種に属する菌株であることを確認し(配列番号1、図1を参照)、これを「ラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17」と名付けた。
前記で分離された本発明の乳酸菌株であるラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17の糖利用性を、API50CHLキット(Biomerieux、France)を利用して他の標準菌株等と比較した結果を下記の表1に示した。表1で、5314はラクトバチルス・ガッセリー CECT5714;5315はラクトバチルス・ガッセリー CECT5715;11413はラクトバチルス・ガッセリー LMG11413;18194はラクトバチルス・ガッセリー LMG18194;4479はラクトバチルス・ガッセリー CECT4479;18176はラクトバチルス・ガッセリー LMG18176;13047はラクトバチルス・ガッセリー LMG13047を表わす。
前記で分離された本発明の乳酸菌株であるラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17の酵素活性を、APIZYMキット(Biomerieux、France)を利用して他の標準菌株等と比較した結果を下記の表2に示した。13134は、ラクトバチルス・ガッセリー LMG13134を表わす。
本発明の菌株の耐酸性及び耐胆汁性を確認するため、ラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17をMRS液体培地4 mlに接種して37℃、18〜20時間培養したあと、この培養液の一定量をpH 2.0に調節したMRS液体培地に初期菌数107CFU/mlになるよう再び接種し、37℃で2時間培養したあとMRS寒天平板培地を利用して生菌数を測定した。さらに、耐酸性実験を行なった培養液をそのまま遠心分離して菌体だけを回収したあと、0.3%の雄牛の胆汁(oxgall)が添加されたMRS液体培地(pH 6.8)に接種し、37℃で9時間培養したあと、さらにMRS寒天平板培地を利用して生菌数を測定した。その結果を表3に示した。
RPMI1640培地(Gibco)を利用して、人間の腸上皮細胞であるCaCo-2細胞株を培養したプレートに本発明の菌株を一定の菌数(約107CFU/ml)になるよう接種した。これを37℃で1時間培養したあと、リン酸緩衝溶液で3回洗浄して非付着細胞を除去したあと、メタノールで検体を固定した。以後、クリスタルバイオレット(crystal violet)で染色して顕微鏡で細胞を観察した。その結果、本発明のラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17がCaCo-2細胞によく付着することを確認した(図2)。
BHI液体培地(Difco)で37℃、18時間培養した大腸菌(E. coli)、黄色ブドウ球菌(S. aureus)、サルモネラ菌(S. typhimurium)、バチルス菌(B. cereus)、リステリア菌(L. monocytogenes)、プロテウス菌(P. mirabilis)を初期菌数105CFU/mlになるよう5mlのBHI寒天培地(寒天を0.7%含有)6つにそれぞれ接種したあと、これを、BHI寒天培地(1.5%の寒天を含有)を注いで固めた6つの平板培地上にそれぞれ重ねて注いだ。6つの培地を固めたあと、各培地に直径が約4mmあるウェル(well)を空け、その上に37℃、24時間培養した本発明の乳酸菌の培養上層液(2倍濃縮液)40μlを添加して37℃、5時間培養した。
MRS寒天平板培地に綿棒でラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17の培養液を塗抹したあと、エリスロマイシン(Erythromycin)、ペニシリン(Penicillin)、ゲンタマイシン(Gentamicin)、カナマイシン(Kanamycin)、ストレプトマイシン(Streptomycin)、バシトラシン(Bacitracin)、クロラムフェニコール(Chloramphenicol)、バンコマイシン(Vancomycin)、テトラサイクリン(Tetracycline)、アンピシリン(Ampicillin)、セフォキシチン(Cefoxitin)、リファンピン(Rifampin)、ネオマイシン(Neomycin)、ナリジクス酸(Nalidixic acid)、シプロフロキサシン(Ciprofloxacin)、ポリミキシン B(Polymixcin B)、トリメトプリム(Trimethoprim)が添加されている円形のディスクを載置したあと、37℃、24時間培養した。
ラクトバチルス・ガッセリー種が生産するものと知られている抗菌ペプチドのバクテリオシン遺伝子の塩基配列に、特異な配列番号3及び配列番号4に記載されるプライマー(primer)を作り、本発明のラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17のゲノムDNAを鋳型(template)に利用する重合酵素連鎖反応(PCR)法でバクテリオシン遺伝子の有無を調査した。
腸内細菌が生産するβ-グルクロニダーゼは発癌酵素の1つに知られているので、この酵素の活性を表わす菌株は有害な菌株とみなされる。本発明のラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17のβ-グルクロニダーゼ活性の有無を確認するため、エー・ピー・アイザイムキット(API ZYM kit)(Biomerieux、France)を使用して酵素活性を調査した。
葡萄糖を2%(w/v)直接添加して製造したMRS培地(Difco)を製造し、ラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17を最終菌数106cfu/mlになるよう接種したあと、96時間培養しながら菌数の変化を測定し、同時に葡萄糖の消費と多糖類(extracellular polysaccharide、EPS)の産生態様を調査した。
先ず、α-アミラーゼ(amylase、Sigma)とパンクレアチン(pancreatin、Sigma)100mgをそれぞれ0.05Mのフォスフェートバッファー(pH 7.0)に溶解させた。ラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17の培養上層液から抽出した多糖類(EPS)溶液200μlに、前記酵素液50μlと0.05Mのフォスフェートバッファー(pH 7.0)150μlを添加したあと、37℃、1時間反応させた。酵素の不活性化のため100℃、15分間加熱したあと、室温で冷却させてから葡萄糖キット(Sigma)を利用して葡萄糖の濃度を測定した。
8週齢の雄SDラット(rat)を2つのグループに分け、1つのグループにはPBS(pH 7.4)を、そして他のグループにはラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17を最終菌数109CFU/mlになるように懸濁させたPBS液を8週間毎日経口投与しながら、一週に一回ずつ体重及び給餌量、コレステロールなどの血液化学値の変化を測定した。さらに、糞便量と、糞便中のEPS量を測定することにより、BNR17の多糖類産生能が実際に体重増加抑制に及ぼす影響を調査した。8週後には全ての実験動物を解剖し、肝臓、腎臓、脾臓、MLN(Mesenteric Lymph Node)を摘出してそれぞれその重量を測定した。これと同時に、摘出した各組職の一部を均質化したあと、ラクトバチルス属の選択培地であるLBSアガー(agar)に塗抹、培養して現われたコロニー等のRAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)-PCRプロファイルを調査し、これをラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17菌株のRAPD-PCRプロファイルと比較することにより、投与群の他の臓器への転移の可否を調査した。
脱脂粉乳を利用して無脂乳固形粉含量を8〜20重量%に調整した原料乳を72〜75℃で15秒間殺菌した。殺菌された原料乳を一定温度まで冷却させたあと、本発明のラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17菌株を106cfu/mlの濃度で接種してpH 4〜5になるまで培養した。培養完了後、培養液を冷却させた。一方、果汁濃縮液0.1〜50重量%、食餌繊維0.1〜20重量%、葡萄糖0.5〜30重量%、オリゴ糖0.1〜15重量%、カルシウム0.001〜10重量%、ビタミン0.0001〜5重量%を溶解させてシロップを製造した。このように製造されたシロップを殺菌したあと冷却し、前記培養液と一定比率で混合・撹拌して均質化させたあと、容器に包装して発酵乳を製造した。このように製造された発酵乳は、官能検査の結果、風味、物性、全体的な味において良好な結果を見せた。
本発明のラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17をMRS液体培地に106cfu/mlの濃度で接種し、37℃で18〜24時間のあいだpH-調節発酵(pH-control fermentation)を行なった。pH調節(control)は、30体積%のNaOHを中和剤にしてpH 5.7±0.2で行なった。培養完了後、4℃で10,000×gで遠心分離して菌体を回収した。全体の組成物に対し5重量%の脱脂乳、2.5重量%の乳漿(whey)、5重量%のスクロース(sucrose)が含まれた保護剤を用意し、前記で回収した菌体を保護剤と同量に混合したあと、凍結乾燥器を介し粉末化した。このように製造されたラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17の乾燥菌末は、全て1×1011cfu/g以上の生菌数を示した。前記保護剤は、10重量%のトレハロース(trehalose)、10重量%のマルトデキストリン(maltodextrine)、7.5重量%のラクトース(lactose)を更に含んでいても差し支えない。
製造例2で製造した乳酸菌菌末を利用して乳酸菌食品、整腸剤などの乳酸菌製剤を製造した。このため、ラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17の乾燥菌末20重量%にオリゴ糖10重量%、無水葡萄糖20重量%、結晶果糖5重量%、ビタミンC 2重量%、果物粉香5重量%、アロエ 5重量%、食餌繊維15重量%、オオバコ外皮18重量%を混合し、スティックまたは瓶に一定量分注して包装した。このように製造された乳酸菌製剤は5×108cfu/g以上の生菌数を維持した。
ラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17を含む本発明の飼料添加用組成物を下記表9の組成で製造した。
配列番号4 gaT-1075 リバースプライマー
配列番号5 ラクトバチルス・ガッセリーBNR17に由来するガセリシンBNR17遺伝子
配列番号6 NCBI Blast Search No. AB029612に開示されるガセリシンT遺伝子
配列番号7 プライマー p1
配列番号8 プライマー p2
配列番号9 プライマー OPL5
Claims (13)
- ラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17(寄託番号:KCTC 10902BP)。
- 配列番号1に記載される16S rRNA配列を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17(寄託番号:KCTC 10902BP)。
- 請求項1に記載のラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17(寄託番号:KCTC 10902BP)を有効量で含む組成物。
- 前記組成物は食品、食品用添加剤、動物飼料及び動物飼料用添加剤で構成されている群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記動物飼料用添加剤は、非病原性の他の微生物、酵素及びこれらの組合せのうち1つ以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1に記載のラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17(寄託番号:KCTC 10902BP)を有効量で含む肥満予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の菌株が生産するバクテリオシン・ペプチド。
- 請求項7に記載のバクテリオシン・ペプチドをコーディングする遺伝子。
- 前記遺伝子は、配列番号5に記載される塩基配列を有することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の遺伝子。
- 前記バクテリオシン・ペプチドは、配列番号5から暗証化されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のバクテリオシン・ペプチド。
- 請求項8または請求項9に記載の遺伝子を含む組み換えベクター。
- 請求項11に記載の組み換えベクターで形質転換された形質転換体。
- 請求項1に記載のラクトバチルス・ガッセリー BNR17(寄託番号:KCTC 10902BP)の培養液。
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KR20080110447A (ko) | 2008-12-18 |
WO2008016214A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
USRE48652E1 (en) | 2021-07-20 |
KR101108428B1 (ko) | 2012-01-31 |
USRE46912E1 (en) | 2018-06-26 |
US20100203025A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
CN101541947B (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
DK2046943T3 (da) | 2013-09-23 |
EP2046943A1 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
EP2046943A4 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
CN101541947A (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
EP2046943B1 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
JP5081242B2 (ja) | 2012-11-28 |
US8309076B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 |
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