JP2009525871A - 触媒の調製方法、触媒、およびオレフィンオキシド、1,2−ジオール、1,2−ジオールエーテルまたはアルカノールアミンの製造方法 - Google Patents
触媒の調製方法、触媒、およびオレフィンオキシド、1,2−ジオール、1,2−ジオールエーテルまたはアルカノールアミンの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009525871A JP2009525871A JP2008554504A JP2008554504A JP2009525871A JP 2009525871 A JP2009525871 A JP 2009525871A JP 2008554504 A JP2008554504 A JP 2008554504A JP 2008554504 A JP2008554504 A JP 2008554504A JP 2009525871 A JP2009525871 A JP 2009525871A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- potassium
- thermally decomposable
- mixture
- pyrolyzable
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 150000000180 1,2-diols Chemical class 0.000 title description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 179
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001680 bayerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OC(=O)C(O)=O GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNGYKPINNDWGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver oxalate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O XNGYKPINNDWGGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/084—Decomposition of carbon-containing compounds into carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
- B01J23/68—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
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- B01J23/683—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/687—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten with tungsten
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
- B01J23/68—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/688—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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- C07C29/09—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis
- C07C29/10—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of ethers, including cyclic ethers, e.g. oxiranes
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- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
- C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、
カリウムを含む、粒状形態における1つまたは複数の熱分解性材料を、前記熱分解性材料におけるカリウムの全量を減少させるのに十分な条件下で処理すること、
前記処理された熱分解性材料および加熱焼結性材料を含む混合物を調製すること、および
前記混合物を加熱して、前記加熱焼結性材料を焼結し、前記処理された熱分解性材料を熱分解して担体を形成すること
により調製された担体上に金属を堆積することを含む、触媒の調製方法を提供する。
カリウムを含む、粒状形態における1つまたは複数の熱分解性材料を、前記熱分解性材料におけるカリウムの全量を減少させるのに十分な条件下で処理すること、
前記処理された熱分解性材料および加熱焼結性材料を含む混合物を調製すること、および
前記混合物を加熱して、前記加熱焼結性材料を焼結し、前記処理された熱分解性材料を熱分解して担体を形成すること
により調製された担体上に堆積された金属を含む触媒を提供する。
供給源によって、熱分解性材料は、これらにおける不純物の含有量において大きく変動し得る。熱分解性材料におけるカリウム含有化合物の変動量の存在は、担体の製造、触媒の製造および触媒の性能に著しい悪影響を与える可能性があることが分かっている。カリウム含有化合物の量における可変性は、担体の製造における問題、例えば、担体におけるバッチ対バッチの不整合性を引き起す可能性がある。
ナトリウム:2000ppmw未満、好ましくは1500ppmw未満、および/または
カルシウム:800ppmw未満、好ましくは600ppmw未満、および/または
マグネシウム:1000ppmw未満、好ましくは800ppmw未満、および/または
アルミニウム:1100ppmw未満、好ましくは800ppmw未満、および/または
シリケート:2000ppmw未満、好ましくは1500ppmw未満。
銀が10から500g/kg、
レニウム(もし存在すれば)が0.01から50ミリモル/kg、
更なる元素または元素類(もし存在すれば)がそれぞれ0.1から500ミルモル/kg、および、
レニウム助促進剤(もし存在すれば)が0.1から30ミリモル/kg、
である。
α−アルミナ粉末の加熱焼結性材料を、担体Aおよび担体Bを調製するために使用した。α−アルミナ粉末は以下の表1において示される性質を有していた。
銀−アミン−オキサレート貯蔵溶液を、以下の手順で調製した:
試薬級水酸化ナトリウムの415gを2340mlの脱イオン水において溶解し、温度を50℃に調整した。
触媒Bを2つの含浸工程において調製した。
触媒Aを、40gの担体Aを使用して、触媒Bと同じ方法において調製した。第一含浸における含浸溶液の比重は1.476g/mlであった。次いで、乾燥触媒A前駆体を、(比重1.564g/mlの銀貯蔵溶液の218.2gを、1:1(w/w)エチレンジアミン/水の2gにおける過レニウム酸アンモニウムの0.3132g、1:1アンモニア/水の2gにおいて溶解したメタタングステン酸アンモニウムの0.0728gおよび水に溶解した硝酸リチウムの0.5032gの溶液と混合して作製した)第二溶液で含浸した。更なる水を添加して、溶液の比重を1.476g/mlに調整した。添加した水の合計は25.8gであった。この様にドープされた溶液の61gを、46.07重量%水酸化セシウム溶液の0.1452gと混合した。この最終含浸溶液を、触媒Aを調製するために使用した。
触媒を、エチレンおよび酸素からエチレンオキシドを製造するために使用した。これを行うために、触媒の破砕したサンプルをステンレススチール製U字形管に充填した。管を溶融金属浴(加熱媒体)において浸漬し、端部をガス流動系へ接続した。使用される触媒の重量および入口ガス流量(0.28Nl/分)は、未粉砕の触媒に関して計算される3300Nl/(l.h)の気体空間速度を与えるために調整された。入口ガス圧は1550kPa(絶対)であった。
Claims (20)
- カリウムを含む、粒状形態における1つまたは複数の熱分解性材料を、前記熱分解性材料におけるカリウムの全量を減少させるのに十分な条件下で処理すること、
前記処理された熱分解性材料および加熱焼結性材料を含む混合物を調製すること、および
前記混合物を加熱して、前記加熱焼結性材料を焼結し、前記処理された熱分解性材料を熱分解して担体を形成すること
により調製された担体上に金属を堆積することを含む、触媒の調製方法。 - 前記カリウムの全量が、未処理の熱分解性材料におけるカリウムの重量との割合と対しての前記処理された熱分解性材料におけるカリウムの重量を基準に計算して、少なくとも10%減少する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記カリウムの全量が、前記未処理の熱分解性材料における前記カリウムの重量との割合としての前記処理された熱分解性材料におけるカリウムの重量を基準に計算して、なくとも30%、特に少なくとも40%減少する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記処理する工程が、前記熱分解性材料を流体と接触させることを含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記流体が水を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記処理する工程が、前記熱分解性材料を第一流体と接触させることを含む第一処理、および前記熱分解性材料を第二流体と接触させることを含む第二処理を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記熱分解性材料が有機材料を含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱分解性材料が天然有機材料を含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記天然有機材料が、ペカンの殻、アーモンドの殻、カシューの殻、くるみの殻、オリーブの種、アプリコットの種、桃の種およびトウモロコシの穂軸から選択される、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記加熱焼結性材料がα−アルミナを含む、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物を調製する工程の後で、前記混合物を加熱する工程の前に、前記混合物を1つまたは複数の個々の担持体に形成することを更に含む、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属が、銀、モリブデン、ニッケル、タングステンおよびこれらの混合物から選択される触媒的に活性な金属種を含む、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒的に活性な金属種が銀を含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 窒素、フッ素、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、チタン、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、バナジウム、タリウム、トリウム、タンタル、ニオブ、ガリウム、ゲルマニウムおよびこれらの混合物から選択される更なる元素を堆積することを更に含む、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- レニウム、タングステン、モリブデン、クロムおよびこれらの混合物から選択される促進剤成分を堆積することを更に含む、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記促進剤成分がレニウムを含み、タングステン、クロム、モリブデン、硫黄およびこれらの混合物から選択されるレニウム助促進剤を場合により含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- カリウムを含む、粒状形態における1つまたは複数の熱分解性材料を、前記熱分解性材料におけるカリウムの全量を減少させるのに十分な条件下で処理すること、
前記処理された熱分解性材料および加熱焼結性材料を含む混合物を調製すること、および
前記混合物を加熱して、前記加熱焼結性材料を焼結し、前記処理された熱分解性材料を熱分解して担体を形成すること
により調製された担体上に堆積された金属を含む触媒。 - 請求項17に記載の触媒の存在下において、オレフィンを酸素と反応させることによる、オレフィンオキシドの調製方法。
- 前記オレフィンがエチレンを含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 請求項18または19に記載のオレフィンオキシドの調製方法により得られたオレフィンオキシドを、1,2−アルカンジオール、1,2−アルカンジオールエーテルまたはアルカノールアミンへ転換することを含む、1,2−アルカンジオール、1,2−アルカンジオールエーテルまたはアルカノールアミンを作製するためにオレフィンオキシドを使用する方法。
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