JP2009515528A - ポリペプチド膜および方法 - Google Patents
ポリペプチド膜および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009515528A JP2009515528A JP2008540248A JP2008540248A JP2009515528A JP 2009515528 A JP2009515528 A JP 2009515528A JP 2008540248 A JP2008540248 A JP 2008540248A JP 2008540248 A JP2008540248 A JP 2008540248A JP 2009515528 A JP2009515528 A JP 2009515528A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ナノ加工したポリペプチド膜およびマイクロカプセルの製造、ならびにそのような膜およびマイクロカプセルの作製法および使用法に関する。より具体的には、本発明は、ナノ加工したポリペプチドマイクロカプセル中への機能性生体高分子の封入に関する。
本出願は、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる2005年11月14日出願の米国仮特許出願第60/736,723号の恩典を主張する。
高分子電解質多層とは、逆帯電した高分子電解質の交互層から構成される薄膜(例えば、数ナノメートル〜ミリメートル厚)である。そのような膜は、適切な基質上への多層組織化により形成され得る。静電的な多層自己組織化(「ELBL」)において、高分子電解質の組織化の物理的基礎は静電気である。連続層の堆積で膜の面電荷密度の符号が逆になるため、膜の積み重ねが可能となる。逆帯電ポリイオンのELBL堆積の一般的原理を図1に示す。ELBL膜工程は普遍的であり比較的単純であるため、多くの異なる種類の表面上に多くの異なる種類の高分子電解質を堆積させることが可能となる。ポリペプチド多層膜は高分子電解質多層膜の一部であり、荷電ポリペプチドを含む少なくとも1層を含む。ポリペプチド多層膜の重要な利点は、環境にやさしい点である、ELBL膜はまた、封入に用いることができる。ポリペプチド膜およびマイクロカプセルの応用には、例えばナノリアクター、バイオセンサー、人工細胞、および薬物送達媒体が含まれる。
1つの態様において、膜の作製法は、第1層高分子電解質を基質の表面上に堆積させて第1層を形成する段階;および第2層高分子電解質を第1層高分子電解質上に堆積させて第2層を形成する段階を含む。第1層高分子電解質、第2層高分子電解質、またはその両方は、ポリマー沈殿剤の存在下で基質上に堆積し;第1層高分子電解質および第2層高分子電解質は逆極性の正味電荷を有する。別の態様において、第1層高分子電解質、第2層高分子電解質、またはその両方は、リジン、グルタミン酸、または中性pHにおいて荷電側鎖を有する別のアミノ酸種のホモポリペプチドを含む。別の態様において、第1層高分子電解質、第2層高分子電解質、またはその両方は設計ポリペプチドを含み、設計ポリペプチドは1つまたは複数の第1アミノ酸配列モチーフを含み、1つまたは複数の第1アミノ酸配列モチーフは5〜15アミノ酸残基からなり、残基当たり0.4以上の大きさの正味電荷を有し、かつ設計ポリペプチドはホモポリペプチドではなく、少なくとも15アミノ酸残基長であり、残基当たり0.4以上の大きさの正味電荷を有する。
本発明は、高分子電解質多層膜、特に膜を作製するための新規な方法に関する。1つの態様において、膜は生物活性分子を含む。別の態様において、高分子電解質多層膜は、1つまたは複数のポリペプチド層を含む。
モデルタンパク質はGOxとしたが、これはその有用な酵素的特性で選択された。GOx吸着実験では、5 mgのCaCO3粒子(PlasmChem GmbH、ドイツ)またはメラミンホルムアルデヒド(MF)粒子を、10 mM Tris緩衝液、pH 7.4中の37,300単位/gクロコウジカビ(A. niger)由来II-S型GOx(SIGMA、米国) 100μLと混合した。GOxの吸着は、GOx溶液が液体状態のままである温度、名目上は、約1気圧の純水において約0〜約100℃であって、かつGOx酵素活性が不可逆的に不活化されない温度で行い得る。最終粒子濃度は5%(w/v)であった。微粒子上への酵素吸着は、Jasco V-430分光光度計(日本)を用いて、280 nmにおける液相の吸光度の減少により定量した。GOx負荷微粒子を、遠心分離によりポリペプチド吸着溶液から分離した。供給溶液中のGOx濃度および塩濃度に応じた粒子への吸着を、図2に示す。CaCO3粒子に負荷されたGOxの最大量は、約76μg/mg粒子、または粒子体積を4.6 x 10-11 cm3と仮定すると約9.4 x 10-12グラム酵素/粒子であった。図2から、いずれの鋳型に対する最大吸着も、これらの堆積条件下において一価塩を添加せずに達成されたことが示される。
商業的供給源から容易に入手できるという理由で、この封入パイロット試験における層の堆積用の逆帯電ポリペプチドとして、ポリ(L-リジン)(PLL)(分子量約14.6 kDa)およびポリ(L-グルタミン酸)(PLGA)(分子量約13.6 kDa)を選択した。PLLおよび/またはPLGAの代わりに設計ポリペプチドに関わる封入も、これに類似すると考えられる。この目的に用いられている逆帯電ペプチドの対の例は、Li and Haynie (2004) Biomacromolecules 5:1667-1670に提供されている。
別の例では、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(pH 7.4)中でタンパク質ヘモグロビンを炭酸カルシウム粒子上に負荷し、非ペプチド高分子電解質で封入する。タンパク質負荷効率は、タンパク質溶液に例えば40% PEG 300などのポリマー電解質を添加することにより増加する。吸着したタンパク質を、2つの逆帯電高分子電解質によりLBLで封入する。この目的に適したポリマーは、ポリ(スチレンスルホン酸)、ポリアニオン、およびポリ(アリルアミン)、ポリカチオンである。タンパク質負荷の証拠は、可視域における分光測定により得ることができる:ヘモグロビンは、ヘムの存在により410 nm近傍に大きな吸収帯を有する。
Claims (20)
- 第1層高分子電解質を基質の表面上に堆積させて第1層を形成する段階;および
第2層高分子電解質を第1層高分子電解質上に堆積させて第2層を形成する段階
を含む、膜を作製する方法であって、
第1層高分子電解質、第2層高分子電解質、またはその両方がポリマー沈殿剤の存在下で基質上に堆積し;かつ
第1層高分子電解質および第2層高分子電解質が逆極性の正味電荷を有する、方法。 - 第1層高分子電解質、第2層高分子電解質、またはその両方が、設計ポリペプチドを含み、
設計ポリペプチドは、1つまたは複数の第1アミノ酸配列モチーフを含み、
1つまたは複数のアミノ酸配列モチーフは5〜15アミノ酸残基からなり、かつ残基当たり0.4以上の大きさの正味電荷を有し、
設計ポリペプチドはホモポリペプチドではなく、少なくとも15アミノ酸残基長であり、残基当たり0.4以上の大きさの正味電荷を有する、請求項1記載の方法。 - 第1層ポリペプチド、第2層ポリペプチド、またはその両方が生物活性分子の存在下で堆積する、請求項1記載の方法。
- 基質が生物活性分子を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 生物活性分子が基質上のコーティングの形態である、請求項4記載の方法。
- 基質が高分子電解質多層膜堆積後の分解に適した鋳型を含む、請求項5記載の方法。
- 生物活性分子がコアの形態である、請求項4記載の方法。
- 第1層高分子電解質の堆積前に生物活性分子を基質の表面上に堆積させる段階をさらに含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- ポリマー沈殿剤がポリエチレングリコール、ポリアクリル酸、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリプロピレングリコール、または、前述のポリマー沈殿剤の1つもしくは複数の組み合わせを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 膜がマイクロカプセルの形態である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 生物活性分子をマイクロカプセルによって封入する、請求項10記載の方法。
- 第1層高分子電解質を基質の表面上に堆積させて第1層を形成する段階;および
第2層高分子電解質を第1層高分子電解質上に堆積させて第2層を形成する段階
を含む、高分子電解質多層膜の製造時における生物活性分子の保持を改善する方法であって、
第1層高分子電解質、第2層高分子電解質、またはその両方がポリマー沈殿剤の存在下で基質上に堆積し;
第1層高分子電解質および第2層高分子電解質が逆極性の正味電荷を有し;かつ
基質が生物活性分子を含む、方法。 - 第1層高分子電解質、第2層高分子電解質、またはその両方が、設計ポリペプチドを含み、
設計ポリペプチドは1つまたは複数の第1アミノ酸配列モチーフを含み、
1つまたは複数のアミノ酸配列モチーフは5〜15アミノ酸からなり、かつ残基当たり0.4以上の大きさの正味電荷を有し、
設計ポリペプチドはホモポリペプチドではなく、少なくとも15アミノ酸残基長であり、残基当たり0.4以上の大きさの正味電荷を有する、請求項12記載の方法。 - 第1層高分子電解質の堆積前に生物活性分子を基質の表面上に堆積させる段階をさらに含む、請求項12記載の方法。
- 生物活性分子が基質上のコーティングの形態である、請求項12記載の方法。
- 基質が、高分子電解質多層膜堆積後の分解に適した鋳型を含む、請求項12記載の方法。
- 生物活性分子がコアの形態である、請求項12記載の方法。
- 生物活性分子をポリマー沈殿剤の存在下で基質の表面上に堆積させる段階;
第1層高分子電解質を基質の表面上に堆積させて第1層を形成する段階;および
第2層高分子電解質を第1層高分子電解質上に堆積させて第2層を形成する段階
を含む、膜を作製する方法であって、
第1層高分子電解質および第2層高分子電解質が逆極性の正味電荷を有する、方法。 - 第1層高分子電解質、第2層高分子電解質、またはその両方がポリマー沈殿剤の存在下で基質上に堆積する、請求項18記載の方法。
- 基質が、高分子電解質多層膜堆積後の分解に適した鋳型を含む、請求項18記載の方法。
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