JP2009513101A - 様々な負荷に対する高効率整流方法および装置 - Google Patents
様々な負荷に対する高効率整流方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
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- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/162—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/08—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in parallel
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/10—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
- H02M7/103—Containing passive elements (capacitively coupled) which are ordered in cascade on one source
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Abstract
Description
本出願は2005年10月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/729,792号明細書の利益を主張するものである。
本発明は電力を変換する方法および装置に関する。特に本発明はAC−DCコンバータにより電力を変換する方法および装置に関する。
従来技術は高周波(RF)電磁波を用いて電力を遠隔の装置に供給することが可能であることを示している。無線電力伝送は本明細書に引用して援用する、W.C.ブラウン(Brown)により米国特許第3114517号明細書「マイクロ波動作宇宙船(Microwave Operated Space Vehicles)」および、上記の著者による多数の他の論文に詳細に説明されている。また無線電力伝送を用いて電力を無線周波数識別(RFID)タグに供給する。送信されたRF電力はアンテナによって捕捉されるとともに多数の開示回路を用いて整流されて、直流(DC)を負荷に供給する。本明細書に引用して援用する、米国特許第3434678号明細書「マイクロ波−DCコンバータ(Microwave to DC Converter)」は、図1に示すブリッジ整流回路を用いてマイクロ波電力をDCに変換する装置を開示している。
本発明は電力変換装置に関連する。装置は電気信号を受信する少なくとも1つのインピーダンス整合ネットワークを備える。装置はインピーダンス整合ネットワークと連通している複数のAC−DCコンバータを備える。
本発明の完全な理解は、全体通して同様な参照文字が同様な部品を特定する添付の図面と一緒に以下の説明から得られるであろう。
Claims (76)
- 電気信号を受信する少なくとも1つの第1のインピーダンス整合ネットワークと、
前記第1のインピーダンス整合ネットワークと連通しているとともに、負荷と連通可能であるように構成された複数のAC−DCコンバータとを備え、
入力と連通可能であるように構成されている電力変換装置。 - 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータと連通している複数の第1のインピーダンス整合ネットワークがある請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記信号を前記第1のインピーダンス整合ネットワークに向けるセレクタを含む請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記セレクタがアクティブまたはパッシブである請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記AC−DCコンバータの出力を合成するための、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに接続された合成器を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記合成器がアクティブまたはパッシブである請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータが複数のAC−DC経路を規定し、各経路が所与の特性に対して最適化されている請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記装置のインピーダンスを前記入力のインピーダンスと整合させるように構成された第2のインピーダンス整合ネットワークを含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 各AC−DC経路が所定のインピーダンス値と整合されている請求項7に記載の装置。
- 各AC−DC経路が異なる出力抵抗を有する請求項7に記載の装置。
- 各AC−DC入力が、前記少なくとも1つの第1のインピーダンス整合ネットワークを用いて異なる入力電力レベルにおける所定のインピーダンス値と整合されている請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記セレクタがアクティブであるとともに、入力電力レベルまたは負荷抵抗に基づいて適当なAC−DCコンバータを選択するセレクタ制御ユニットを含む請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに接続されるととともに、前記AC−DCコンバータの出力を合成するための合成器を含み、前記合成器がアクティブであるとともに合成器制御ユニットを含む請求項12に記載の装置。
- 前記セレクタ制御ユニットおよび前記合成器制御ユニットが同じ制御ユニットである請求項13に記載の装置。
- 前記AC−DCコンバータのうち1つの出力抵抗が、前記負荷がある時間そこにあるかその近くにある一のディスクリート抵抗にあるかその近くにあるように設計されているとともに、前記AC−DCコンバータのうちの他の出力抵抗が、前記負荷が別のある時間そこにあるかその近くにある異なるディスクリート抵抗にあるかその近くにあるように設計されている請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記AC−DCコンバータの各々が、関連する最適負荷に対応する異なる出力抵抗を有する請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記AC−DCコンバータのうちの一の入力インピーダンスが、1つの電力レベルの所定値に整合されているとともに、前記AC−DCコンバータのうちの他の入力インピーダンスが異なる電力レベルの他の所定値に整合されている請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷が、各AC−DCコンバータが電気的に連通しているバッテリであるとともに、各AC−DC経路が特定の入力電力レベルおよび負荷抵抗に対して最適化されている請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータと前記バッテリとの間に接続されるとともに、電圧レベルが特定の範囲内に留まることを確実にする電圧監視回路を含む請求項18に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータおよび前記少なくとも1つの第1の整合ネットワークが配置されたプリント回路基板を含む請求項18に記載の装置。
- 前記装置が前記電気信号を生成するエネルギー・ハーベスタ内に含まれている請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー・ハーベスタがアンテナ、圧電素子、太陽電池、発電機、振動ハーベスタ、音響ハーベスタまたは風ハーベスタを含む請求項21に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータのうちの少なくとも1つが単一ダイオード全波整流器である請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータのうちの少なくとも1つが単一ダイオード半波整流器である請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータのうちの少なくとも1つが電圧ダブラーである請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷が、前記AC−DCコンバータのうちの少なくとも1つと電気的に連通している少なくとも1つの蓄電素子を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷が前記最適抵抗にまたはその近くに固定されているととともに、前記電気信号が、可変である入力電力を供給する請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷が可変であるとともに、前記電気信号が、固定された入力電力を供給する請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷が可変であるとともに、前記電気信号が、可変である入力電力を供給する請求項1に記載の装置。
- インピーダンス整合ネットワークにおいて電気信号を受信するステップと、
前記インピーダンス整合ネットワークと連通している複数のAC−DCコンバータにおいて前記信号を変換するステップと、
前記複数のAC−DCコンバータと連通している負荷に電流を供給するステップとを含む、負荷に電力供給する方法。 - 前記受信ステップが、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータと連通している複数のインピーダンス整合ネットワークにおいて前記電気信号を受信するステップを含む請求項30に記載の方法。
- セレクタにより前記信号を向けるステップを含む請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記セレクタがアクティブまたはパッシブである請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの出力を、前記負荷に接続された合成器で合成するステップを含む請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記合成器がアクティブまたはパッシブである請求項34に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも20dBに及ぶ入力電力範囲に対して少なくとも50%の入力信号の変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備える電力変換装置。
- 前記エネルギー・ハーベスタがアンテナを含む請求項36に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー・ハーベスタが圧電素子を含む請求項36に記載の装置。
- 所定最小値の少なくとも100倍に及ぶ抵抗負荷範囲に対して、少なくとも50%の入力信号の変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備える電力変換装置。
- 少なくとも20dBに及ぶ入力電力範囲に対して電荷蓄積装置を充電または再充電する場合、少なくとも50%の入力信号の変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備える電力変換装置。
- 少なくとも20dBに及ぶ入力電力範囲に対して電荷蓄積装置を充電または再充電する場合、少なくとも50%の入力信号の変換効率を提供するACをDCに変換する手段を含む、入力信号を収穫するための手段を備える電力変換装置。
- 電気信号を受信する少なくとも2つの第1のインピーダンス整合ネットワークと、
前記第1のインピーダンス整合ネットワークと連通している少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータと、
前記第1の整合ネットワークと電気的に連通している合成器とを備える電力変換装置。 - 前記合成器がスイッチである請求項42に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタと、
少なくとも2つの非線形素子とを備え、前記少なくとも2つの非線形素子が異なる特性を有する電力変換装置。 - 前記少なくとも2つの非線形素子が1つまたは複数のダイオード、MOSFETまたはトランジスタである請求項44に記載の装置。
- 前記異なる特性が、異なるインピーダンスまたは異なる抵抗を含む請求項44に記載の装置。
- 効率に少なくとも2つのピークを有する入力信号の変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備える電力変換装置。
- 効率対負荷抵抗に少なくとも2つのピークを有する変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備える電力変換装置。
- 効率対出力電流に少なくとも2つのピークを有する変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備える電力変換装置。
- 所定の距離から前記距離の10倍の範囲に対して少なくとも50%の入力信号の変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備える電力変換装置。
- 第1の効率で第1の距離において第1の入力電力を受信するように構成された少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備え、
前記AC−DCコンバータが第2の効率で第2の距離において第2の入力電力を受信し、
前記第1の距離が前記第2の距離より大きく、
前記第1の効率が前記第2の効率と実質的に同様である電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の入力電力と前記第2の入力電力とが電力のパルスにより形成されている請求項51に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも16dBの入力電力範囲に対して2.0未満の入力SWRを提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備える電力変換装置。
- 所定最小値の少なくとも40倍に及ぶ抵抗負荷範囲に対して、2.0未満の入力SWRを提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備える電力変換装置。
- 前記負荷がLEDである請求項1に記載の装置。
- 少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタを備え、前記AC−DCコンバータの出力抵抗が入力電力または負荷抵抗の変化に応じて変化する電力変換装置。
- 電圧レベルが特定の範囲内に留まることを確実にする電圧監視回路を含む請求項56に記載の装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、少なくとも20dBに及ぶ入力電力範囲に対して少なくとも50%の入力信号の変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備える電力変換装置。
- 前記AC−DCコンバータがエネルギー・ハーベスタ内で用いられる請求項58に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー・ハーベスタがアンテナを含む請求項59に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー・ハーベスタが圧電素子を含む請求項59に記載の装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、所定最小値の少なくとも100倍に及ぶ抵抗負荷範囲に対して、少なくとも50%の入力信号の変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備える電力変換装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、少なくとも20dBに及ぶ入力電力範囲に対して電荷蓄積装置を充電または再充電する場合、少なくとも50%の入力信号の変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備える電力変換装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータと、
少なくとも2つの非線形素子とを備え、前記少なくとも2つの非線形素子が異なる特性を有する電力変換装置。 - 前記少なくとも2つの非線形素子が1つまたは複数のダイオード、MOSFETまたはトランジスタである請求項64に記載の装置。
- 前記異なる特性が異なるインピーダンスまたは異なる抵抗を含む請求項64に記載の装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、効率に少なくとも2つのピークを有する入力信号の変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備える電力変換装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、効率対負荷抵抗に少なくとも2つのピークを有する変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備える電力変換装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、効率対出力電流に少なくとも2つのピークを有する変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備える電力変換装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、所定の距離から前記距離の10倍の範囲に対して少なくとも50%の入力信号の変換効率を提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備える電力変換装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、第1の効率で第1の距離において第1の入力電力を受信するように構成された少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備え、
前記AC−DCコンバータが第2の効率で第2の距離において第2の入力電力を受信し、
前記第1の距離が前記第2の距離より大きく、
前記第1の効率が前記第2の効率と実質的に同様である電力変換装置。 - 前記第1の入力電力と前記第2の入力電力とが電力のパルスにより形成されている請求項71に記載の装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、少なくとも16dBの入力電力範囲に対して2.0未満の入力SWRを提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備える電力変換装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、所定最小値の少なくとも40倍に及ぶ抵抗負荷範囲に対して2.0未満の入力SWRを提供する少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備える電力変換装置。
- 入力インターフェースと、少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータとを備え、前記AC−DCコンバータの出力抵抗が入力電力または負荷抵抗の変化に応じて変化する電力変換装置。
- 電圧レベルが特定の範囲内に留まることを確実にする電圧監視回路を含む請求項75に記載の装置。
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EP1959825A2 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
US10454452B2 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
CN101309639B (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
CA2625409C (en) | 2016-10-18 |
US11909205B2 (en) | 2024-02-20 |
EP1959825A4 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
WO2007050519A3 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
AU2006306364B2 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
CN101309639A (zh) | 2008-11-19 |
US7868482B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 |
US20150214927A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
CA2941269C (en) | 2017-06-13 |
KR20080078806A (ko) | 2008-08-28 |
CA2941269A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
US20110069516A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
US20220385062A1 (en) | 2022-12-01 |
ES2796650T3 (es) | 2020-11-27 |
ZA200803885B (en) | 2009-08-26 |
CA2625409A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
AU2006306364A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
US11245257B2 (en) | 2022-02-08 |
WO2007050519A2 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
US20070178857A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
US9000616B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
US20200195232A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
EP1959825B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
JP5637659B2 (ja) | 2014-12-10 |
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