JP5637659B2 - 様々な負荷に対する高効率整流方法および装置 - Google Patents
様々な負荷に対する高効率整流方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/162—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/08—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/10—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
- H02M7/103—Containing passive elements (capacitively coupled) which are ordered in cascade on one source
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- H03H11/28—Impedance matching networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
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Description
本出願は2005年10月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/729,792号明細書の利益を主張するものである。
本発明は電力を変換する方法および装置に関する。特に本発明はAC−DCコンバータにより電力を変換する方法および装置に関する。
従来技術は高周波(RF)電磁波を用いて電力を遠隔の装置に供給することが可能であることを示している。無線電力伝送は本明細書に引用して援用する、W.C.ブラウン(Brown)により米国特許第3114517号明細書「マイクロ波動作宇宙船(Microwave Operated Space Vehicles)」および、上記の著者による多数の他の論文に詳細に説明されている。また無線電力伝送を用いて電力を無線周波数識別(RFID)タグに供給する。送信されたRF電力はアンテナによって捕捉されるとともに多数の開示回路を用いて整流されて、直流(DC)を負荷に供給する。本明細書に引用して援用する、米国特許第3434678号明細書「マイクロ波−DCコンバータ(Microwave to DC Converter)」は、図1に示すブリッジ整流回路を用いてマイクロ波電力をDCに変換する装置を開示している。
本発明は電力変換装置に関連する。装置は電気信号を受信する少なくとも1つのインピーダンス整合ネットワークを備える。装置はインピーダンス整合ネットワークと連通している複数のAC−DCコンバータを備える。
本発明の完全な理解は、全体通して同様な参照文字が同様な部品を特定する添付の図面と一緒に以下の説明から得られるであろう。
Claims (73)
- 電気信号を受信するように構成されたインピーダンス整合ネットワークと、
前記インピーダンス整合ネットワークと連通しているとともに、負荷と連通可能であるように構成された複数のAC−DCコンバータとを備え、
入力と連通可能であるように構成されており、
前記インピーダンス整合ネットワークが、前記電気信号の電力レベルが電力レベルの第1の範囲内である場合、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの第1のAC−DCコンバータに前記電気信号の大部分を送信するように構成され、
前記インピーダンス整合ネットワークが、前記電気信号の電力レベルが前記電力レベルの第1の範囲と異なる電力レベルの第2の範囲内である場合、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの第2のAC−DCコンバータに前記電気信号の前記大部分を送信するように構成される電力変換装置。 - 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータと連通している複数のインピーダンス整合ネットワークがある請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記信号を前記複数のインピーダンス整合ネットワークに向けるセレクタを含む請求項2に記載の装置。
- 前記セレクタがアクティブまたはパッシブである請求項3に記載の装置。
- 前記AC−DCコンバータの出力を合成するための、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに接続された合成器を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記合成器がアクティブまたはパッシブである請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータが複数のAC−DC経路を規定し、各経路が所与の特性に対して最適化されている請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記インピーダンス整合ネットワークが第1のインピーダンス整合ネットワークであり、前記装置が前記装置のインピーダンスを前記入力のインピーダンスと整合させるように構成された第2のインピーダンス整合ネットワークをさらに含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 各AC−DC経路が所定のインピーダンス値と整合されている請求項7に記載の装置。
- 各AC−DC経路が異なる出力抵抗を有する請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに接続されるととともに、前記AC−DCコンバータの出力を合成するように構成された合成器を含み、前記合成器がアクティブであるとともに合成器制御ユニットを含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記セレクタ制御ユニットおよび前記合成器制御ユニットが同じ制御ユニットである請求項11に記載の装置。
- 前記AC−DCコンバータのうち1つの出力抵抗が、前記負荷がある時間そこにあるかその近くにある一のディスクリート抵抗にあるかその近くにあるように設計されているとともに、前記AC−DCコンバータのうちの他の出力抵抗が、前記負荷が別のある時間そこにあるかその近くにある異なるディスクリート抵抗にあるかその近くにあるように設計されている請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記AC−DCコンバータの各々が、関連する最適負荷に対応する異なる出力抵抗を有する請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記AC−DCコンバータのうちの一の入力インピーダンスが、1つの電力レベルの所定値に整合されているとともに、前記AC−DCコンバータのうちの他の入力インピーダンスが異なる電力レベルの他の所定値に整合されている請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷が、各AC−DCコンバータが電気的に連通しているバッテリであるとともに、各AC−DC経路が特定の入力電力レベルおよび負荷抵抗に対して最適化されている請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータと前記バッテリとの間に接続されるとともに、電圧レベルが特定の範囲内に留まることを確実にする電圧監視回路を含む請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータおよび前記インピーダンス整合ネットワークが配置されたプリント回路基板を含む請求項16に記載の装置。
- 前記装置が前記電気信号を生成するエネルギー・ハーベスタ内に含まれている請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー・ハーベスタがアンテナ、圧電素子、太陽電池、発電機、振動ハーベスタ、音響ハーベスタまたは風ハーベスタを含む請求項19に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータのうちの少なくとも1つが単一ダイオード全波整流器である請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータのうちの少なくとも1つが単一ダイオード半波整流器である請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータのうちの少なくとも1つが電圧ダブラーである請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷が、前記AC−DCコンバータのうちの少なくとも1つと電気的に連通している少なくとも1つの蓄電素子を含む請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷が前記最適抵抗にまたはその近くに固定されているととともに、前記電気信号が、可変である入力電力を供給する請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷が可変であるとともに、前記電気信号が、固定された入力電力を供給する請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷が可変であるとともに、前記電気信号が、可変である入力電力を供給する請求項1に記載の装置。
- インピーダンス整合ネットワークにおいて電気信号を受信するステップと、
前記電気信号の電力レベルが電力レベルの第1の範囲内である場合、前記インピーダンス整合ネットワークと連通している複数のAC−DCコンバータからの第1のAC−DCコンバータにおいて前記電気信号の大部分を変換するステップと、
前記電気信号の電力レベルが電力レベルの第2の範囲内である場合、複数のAC−DCコンバータからの第2のAC−DCコンバータにおいて前記電気信号の前記大部分を変換するステップと、
前記複数のAC−DCコンバータと連通している負荷に電流を供給するステップとを含む、負荷に電力供給する方法。 - 前記受信ステップが、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータと連通している複数のインピーダンス整合ネットワークにおいて前記電気信号を受信するステップを含む請求項28に記載の方法。
- セレクタにより前記信号を向けるステップを含む請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記セレクタがアクティブまたはパッシブである請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの出力を、前記負荷に接続された合成器で合成するステップを含む請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記合成器がアクティブまたはパッシブである請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、少なくとも20dBに及ぶ入力電力範囲に対して少なくとも50%の前記入力の変換効率を提供する、エネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー・ハーベスタがアンテナを含む請求項34に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー・ハーベスタが圧電素子を含む請求項34に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、所定最小値の少なくとも100倍に及ぶ抵抗負荷範囲に対して、少なくとも50%の前記入力の変換効率を提供する、エネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、少なくとも20dBに及ぶ入力電力範囲に対して電荷蓄積装置を充電または再充電する場合、少なくとも50%の前記入力の変換効率を提供する、エネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含む前記入力を収穫するための手段であって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、少なくとも20dBに及ぶ入力電力範囲に対して電荷蓄積装置を充電または再充電する場合、少なくとも50%の前記入力の変換効率を提供する、入力信号を収穫するための手段をさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記合成器がスイッチである請求項5に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタと、
少なくとも2つの非線形素子とをさらに備え、前記少なくとも2つの非線形素子が異なる特性を有する請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記少なくとも2つの非線形素子が1つまたは複数のダイオード、MOSFETまたはトランジスタである請求項41に記載の装置。
- 前記異なる特性が、異なるインピーダンスまたは異なる抵抗を含む請求項41に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、効率に少なくとも2つのピークを有する前記入力の変換効率を提供する、エネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、効率対負荷抵抗に少なくとも2つのピークを有する変換効率を提供する、エネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、効率対出力電流に少なくとも2つのピークを有する変換効率を提供する、エネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、所定の距離から前記距離の10倍の範囲に対して少なくとも50%の前記入力の変換効率を提供する、エネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタであって、前記第1のAC−DCコンバータが、第1の効率で第1の距離において第1の入力電力を受信するように構成された、エネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備え、
前記第2のAC−DCコンバータが第2の効率で第2の距離において第2の入力電力を受信し、
前記第1の距離が前記第2の距離より大きく、
前記第1の効率が前記第2の効率と実質的に同様である請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記第1の入力電力と前記第2の入力電力とが電力のパルスにより形成されている請求項48に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、少なくとも16dBの入力電力範囲に対して2.0未満の入力SWRを提供する、エネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、所定最小値の少なくとも40倍に及ぶ抵抗負荷範囲に対して、2.0未満の入力SWRを提供する、エネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記負荷がLEDである請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータを含むエネルギー・ハーベスタをさらに備え、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータの出力抵抗が入力電力または負荷抵抗の変化に応じて変化する請求項1に記載の装置。
- 電圧レベルが特定の範囲内に留まることを確実にする電圧監視回路を含む請求項53に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、少なくとも20dBに及ぶ入力電力範囲に対して少なくとも50%の前記入力の変換効率を提供する、入力インターフェースをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータがエネルギー・ハーベスタ内で用いられる請求項55に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー・ハーベスタがアンテナを含む請求項56に記載の装置。
- 前記エネルギー・ハーベスタが圧電素子を含む請求項56に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、所定最小値の少なくとも100倍に及ぶ抵抗負荷範囲に対して、少なくとも50%の前記入力の変換効率を提供する、入力インターフェースをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、少なくとも20dBに及ぶ入力電力範囲に対して電荷蓄積装置を充電または再充電する場合、少なくとも50%の前記入力の変換効率を提供する、入力インターフェースをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースと、
少なくとも2つの非線形素子とをさらに備え、前記少なくとも2つの非線形素子が異なる特性を有する請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記少なくとも2つの非線形素子が1つまたは複数のダイオード、MOSFETまたはトランジスタである請求項61に記載の装置。
- 前記異なる特性が異なるインピーダンスまたは異なる抵抗を含む請求項61に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、効率に少なくとも2つのピークを有する前記入力の変換効率を提供する、入力インターフェースをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、効率対負荷抵抗に少なくとも2つのピークを有する変換効率を提供する、入力インターフェースをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、効率対出力電流に少なくとも2つのピークを有する変換効率を提供する、入力インターフェースをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、所定の距離から前記距離の10倍の範囲に対して少なくとも50%の入力信号の変換効率を提供する、入力インターフェースをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースであって、前記第1のAC−DCコンバータが、第1の効率で第1の距離において第1の入力電力を受信するように構成された、入力インターフェースをさらに備え、
前記第2のAC−DCコンバータが第2の効率で第2の距離において第2の入力電力を受信し、
前記第1の距離が前記第2の距離より大きく、
前記第1の効率が前記第2の効率と実質的に同様である請求項1に記載の装置。 - 前記第1の入力電力と前記第2の入力電力とが電力のパルスにより形成されている請求項68に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、少なくとも16dBの入力電力範囲に対して2.0未満の入力SWRを提供する、入力インターフェースをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースであって、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータが、所定最小値の少なくとも40倍に及ぶ抵抗負荷範囲に対して2.0未満の入力SWRを提供する、入力インターフェースをさらに備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 前記複数のAC−DCコンバータに動作可能なように結合している入力インターフェースをさらに備え、前記複数のAC−DCコンバータからの前記少なくとも1つのAC−DCコンバータの出力抵抗が入力電力または負荷抵抗の変化に応じて変化する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 電圧レベルが特定の範囲内に留まることを確実にする電圧監視回路を含む請求項72に記載の装置。
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CN101309639B (zh) | 2011-11-23 |
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KR20080078806A (ko) | 2008-08-28 |
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CA2625409A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
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EP1959825B1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
WO2007050519A3 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
EP1959825A2 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
US20220385062A1 (en) | 2022-12-01 |
CA2625409C (en) | 2016-10-18 |
CA2941269C (en) | 2017-06-13 |
US10454452B2 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
CN101309639A (zh) | 2008-11-19 |
EP1959825A4 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
AU2006306364B2 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
US11909205B2 (en) | 2024-02-20 |
ZA200803885B (en) | 2009-08-26 |
CA2941269A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
US9000616B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
US20150214927A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
US20070178857A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
US11245257B2 (en) | 2022-02-08 |
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