JP2009261337A - Cultivation greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation greenhouse preventing invasion of harmful insects, and improving air flow, and capable of avoiding over-humidification damage by increasing rainwater treating efficiency in the greenhouse, and effectively using rainwater. <P>SOLUTION: This cultivation greenhouse has a frame body 2 which forms a solid space A, and a sheet material which covers the surroundings of the frame body 2. The sheet material is made of a netty sheet material 10 which can infiltrate rainwater but prevent invasion of harmful insects, and the ground surface in the greenhouse is covered with a water-impermeable sheet 20. An inclination for guiding rainwater in the greenhouse to one direction of the outside of the greenhouse exists in the greenhouse, and a reservoir 30 for storing guided rainwater, and a water supply equipment 40 for drawing up water in the reservoir 30 to supply to the underground in the greenhouse are each set outside the greenhouse. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a greenhouse for cultivation, and more specifically, it can prevent the invasion of pests, has good air flow in the house, can avoid high-temperature obstacles, and the soil in the house is in an overhumid state. The present invention relates to a relatively simple and inexpensive cultivation house that prevents cropping and prevents overdrying and facilitates the supply of fertilizer to cultivate crops in a healthy manner and contributes to improving the safety and quality of the harvest.

  In many existing large greenhouses, the ceiling is semi-permanently covered with glass, reinforced plastic, weather resistance improving films, etc., and countermeasures against high temperatures in summer are an issue. In addition, the amount of capital investment in such a large greenhouse has reached 2 to 3 times the annual production value in the same area, which is a cause of pressure on profits.

  In addition, due to the progress of global warming in recent years, the distribution of pests that harm crops has gone north, the number of generation changes has increased, and damage to crops has increased. In particular, yellow leaf curl virus mediated by silver leaf whitefly ceases to grow when a tomato is affected, and the leaves atrophy and yellow. For this reason, the photosynthetic ability is remarkably lowered, and a great damage is caused such that the yield is completely lost. This measure includes the use of pesticides, but there are concerns about health hazards to the farmers who use the pesticides, and new problems arise that pesticide resistance to pesticides improves and the effects of pesticides diminish.

  Therefore, in recent years, a method of preventing the invasion of silver leaf whiteflies by attaching a net with a fine mesh to the opening of an agricultural house is becoming common. However, in many existing large greenhouses, the ceiling is semi-permanently covered with glass, reinforced plastic, weatherproof films, etc. that have no breathability except for the openings. Invited, depending on the season, there are problems such as the inability of people to enter, pollen dying and no pollination, and the bees for mating do not work.

  In order to solve such a problem, when measures such as delaying the planting time until the cooler season are taken, there is a problem that the yield is reduced and the quality is lowered as a result. Then, in order to avoid such a problem, some cultivation houses are proposed.

For example, in Patent Document 1, in a horticultural plastic house used when cultivating crops, horticultural plants, etc., wind and rain are avoided, air permeability is good, moderate humidity is maintained, heat retention is excellent, and scattering is achieved. In order to prevent the invasion of pests with a lot of light, a mesh-like sheet composed of a thread made of transparent synthetic fiber is used for the roof formed by the house frame of the plastic house, or for the roof and the opening. A transparent synthetic resin having a melting point lower than that of the filament and having a high frequency fusion property is attached to the hole, the hole diameter is 0.1 mm or more, and the hole area is in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 mm ^2. It has been proposed to extend a covering material in which ventilation holes are formed in a mesh shape.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, in cold regions and regions where the temperature is high, the occurrence of diseases is suppressed, the insect-proofing effect is complete, and stable and high quality harvesting is possible even in extreme heat or extreme heat. Reported as a high and excellent horticultural cultivation house, a horticultural cultivation house with a perforated sheet extended and having a roof part made of a perforated sheet and a roof part made of a non-porous sheet that can be shrunk Has been.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-209657 JP 2000-00033 A

  A mesh sheet that is conventionally used as a ceiling mesh sheet material for horticultural cultivation, with a mesh size of 1 mm or less, is not likely to be applied directly to crops because rainwater flows down the passage along the slope of the ceiling. Since rainwater enters the facility in rainy weather, the humidity rises if the rainwater is left as it is, the root area of the plant becomes deficient in oxygen, the crop growth is inhibited, the occurrence of diseases, It causes the quality to deteriorate.

  Even in the plastic garden for horticulture of Patent Document 1 and the house for horticulture of Patent Document 2, the rainwater immersed in the house cannot be treated, the humidity rises, and the root area of the plant becomes deficient in oxygen and the crop Because growth is hindered, it has been difficult to avoid disease outbreaks and quality degradation. In addition, water supply for crops in the house required a lot of equipment costs.

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to prevent pest invasion, improve the air flow, avoid the overhumidity damage by increasing the rainwater treatment efficiency in the house, and further effectively use rainwater. The purpose is to provide a house for cultivation.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a cultivation house comprising a framework that forms a three-dimensional space, and a sheet material that covers the periphery of the framework,
The sheet material is made of a reticulated sheet material that allows rainwater to pass through but prevents the invasion of pests, the ground surface in the house is covered with a water-impermeable sheet, and the slope for guiding rainwater in the house in one direction outside the house Is located inside the house, and a reservoir for storing the introduced rainwater and a water supply device for pumping the water from the reservoir and supplying it to the ground inside the house are installed outside the house. To do.

  In the present invention, the mesh of the mesh sheet material covering the ceiling part is preferably 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm, and the mesh of the mesh sheet material covering the side part is preferably 0.3 mm. ~ 0.4 mm. Further, the frame has an inverted U-shaped pipe that is continuous in the front-rear and left-right direction and a connecting pipe that connects the left and right inverted U-shaped pipes, and the ceiling portion is below the mesh sheet material and is connected in the front-rear direction. Only the joint part of the connection pipe in the main body part of the U-shaped pipe may be covered with the lower layer sheet. Furthermore, a gutter for collecting rainwater on the surface of the house can be suitably provided. Furthermore, the water supply device can include a water absorption pump that pumps up water in the reservoir, and a water supply pipe that supplies the water pumped up from the water absorption pump into the ground in the house. Furthermore, it is preferable to arrange a lid on the upper surface of the reservoir.

  In the cultivation house of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the invasion of pests and to keep the air flow in the house. In addition, the efficiency of treating rainwater entering the house is high, and it is possible to avoid over-humidity damage in the house. Furthermore, since the rainwater can be effectively used as a supply to crops, it does not adversely affect neighboring farmland. Furthermore, in terms of light transmittance, the new glass is 85% and the new synthetic resin sheet is 70%, whereas the net-like sheet material is 90% and has excellent light transmittance.

  Due to such excellent effects of the cultivation house of the present invention, it is cultivated in the cool northern region or high altitude region in summer using the north-south or elevation difference of the Japanese archipelago, and in the warm southern region or elevation during the cold season If it is cultivated in a low area, the environment suitable for crop cultivation and the moisture and fertilizer content in the soil can be arbitrarily controlled, so that high-quality crops can be harvested throughout the year.

  In addition, since there is almost no infestation of pests and the use of pesticides can be reduced, it is preferable from the viewpoint of food safety, and it can maintain a temperature that is almost the same as the outside temperature. Is possible.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described.
A cultivation house 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes a plurality of frames 2 that form a three-dimensional space A, and a net-like sheet material 10 that is covered around the frame 2.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the skeleton 2 includes a main body portion 3 formed by bending a steel frame or an iron pipe in an inverted U shape, and a plurality of left and right main body portions 3 connected at appropriate intervals in the left-right direction. It can form suitably with the connection material 4 and the front-and-rear connection material 5 which connects the main-body part 3 with two or more in the front-back direction at an appropriate space | interval.

  The mesh sheet material 10 is formed of a ceiling mesh sheet material 11 that covers the upper part of the frame 2 and a side mesh sheet 14 that covers the side of the frame 2. Although not shown, the side net-like sheet material 14 is appropriately provided with an entrance / exit.

  Each of the ceiling mesh sheet material 11 and the side mesh sheet material 14 has a mesh size that allows rainwater to pass through but prevents invading pests, and the mesh of the ceiling mesh sheet material 11 that covers the ceiling is preferably The mesh of the side network sheet material 14 that covers 0.8 to 1.0 mm and preferably covers the side surface is preferably 0.3 to 0.4 mm. If the mesh of the ceiling net-like sheet material 11 exceeds 1.0 mm, invasion of general pests is facilitated. On the other hand, if it is less than 0.8 mm, air permeability is hindered. Further, if the mesh of the side mesh sheet material 14 exceeds 0.4 mm, fine insect pests are allowed to enter, while if it is less than 0.3 mm, air permeability is hindered. When the meshes of the ceiling mesh sheet material 11 and the side mesh sheet material 14 are within the above-described preferable range, moderate air permeability can be obtained, an excessive temperature rise in the house can be prevented, and the temperature is almost the same as the outside air temperature. Thus, normal cultivation is possible even in summer. Moreover, rainwater flows along the inclination of the ceiling net-like sheet material 11 and is less likely to be directly applied to the farm products. Furthermore, most pests can be prevented from entering, and the use of pesticides can be reduced, which is preferable for farmers from the viewpoint of economy and for consumers from the viewpoint of food safety.

  Moreover, the ceiling net-like sheet material 11 can be suitably comprised from the upper-layer net-like sheet | seat 12 and the lower layer sheet | seat 13 which consists of impermeable sheets, such as a synthetic resin film. In the preferred example shown in the figure, the frame body 2 has a main body portion 3 of an inverted U-shaped pipe that is continuous in the front-rear and left-right directions, and a left-right connecting member 4 that is a connecting pipe that connects the left and right inverted U-shaped pipes, The lower layer sheet 13 is covered only between the joint portions of the left and right connecting members 4 in the main body portion 3 of the inverted U-shaped pipe that is connected to the front and rear, below the upper mesh sheet 12. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the rainwater that has passed through the upper mesh sheet 12 is guided from the end of the lower sheet 13 to the recess 22 in the passage portion in a manner that travels along the surface of the lower sheet 13 and is discharged.

  Incidentally, FIG. 7 shows a state in which only the lower layer sheet 13 is stretched before the upper layer mesh sheet 12 in the ceiling mesh sheet material 11 is stretched.

  In the present invention, the ground surface in the three-dimensional space A of the house is covered with a water-impermeable sheet 20 made of a plastic film or the like. Since the ridge 21 is usually formed in the house, the impermeable sheet 20 is laid according to the ridge 21 formed in the house, as shown in FIGS.

  Rainwater that has passed through the upper layer mesh sheet 12 flows on the surface of the lower layer sheet 13, and is led from the end portion to the concave portion 22 of the passage portion between the ridges 21 and 21 and discharged. Note that openings 24 for planting the crops a are perforated in the vertical direction at equal intervals in the water-impermeable sheet 20 in the convex portion 23 of the ridge 21.

  The ground surface in the three-dimensional space A of the house is preferably formed in an inclined shape in the longitudinal direction of the ridge 21 which is the house longitudinal direction. As a result, rainwater that has entered from the ceiling mesh sheet material 11 and collected in the recess 22 of the passage portion passes through the recess 22 between the ridges 21 and 21 as shown in FIG. Drained to the outside of A. As a result, the root area of the crop can be well maintained in a dry state, and there is no stagnation of water in the recess 22 so that a good growth environment can be provided for the crop.

  Furthermore, in this invention, the reservoir 30 which stores the rainwater discharged | emitted from the solid space A is installed in the exterior of the solid space A of a house. By providing the reservoir 30, it is possible to avoid the problem that the water discharged from the three-dimensional space A in all directions causes damages such as landslide and inundation to neighboring farmland. In addition, what is necessary is just to adjust the magnitude | size of the reservoir 30 suitably according to the scale of the cultivation house, and the amount of precipitation of an area.

  Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it is preferable to form a water intake channel 31 that leads rainwater in the three-dimensional space A to the reservoir 30 between the three-dimensional space A of the house and the reservoir 30. By forming this water intake channel 31, rainwater collected in the recess 22 between the ridges 21 and 21 is efficiently drained to the reservoir 30.

  Furthermore, in this invention, the water supply apparatus 40 which draws up the water in the reservoir 30 and supplies it to the ground in the three-dimensional space A is installed in the cultivation house 1. A water supply device 40 shown in FIG. 2 includes a water absorption pump 41 that pumps water in the reservoir 30, and a water supply pipe 42 that supplies the water pumped from the water absorption pump 41 to the ground in the three-dimensional space A in the house. The irrigation tube 43 extends on the ground surface along the ridge 21 for water supply to the crop.

  The water pumped up from the water absorption pump 41 is sent to the water supply pipe 42 and supplied from the water supply hole (not shown) formed in the irrigation tube 43 to the periphery of the crop. Thereby, the problem of a water source can be solved at low cost even in an area where agricultural water is not secured.

  A lid 32 is preferably disposed on the upper surface of the reservoir 30. By arranging the lid 32 on the upper surface of the reservoir 30, in addition to safety, evaporation of water accumulated in the reservoir 30 can be reduced. The material of the lid 32 is not particularly limited, and may be formed of any material such as resin, iron, and wood.

Next, a preferred method for forming the cultivation house of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
First, as shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of main body portions 3 are erected at appropriate intervals on the front, rear, left, and right sides, and the main body portions 3 are connected in the left-right direction by a left-right connecting member 4. Further, the main body 3 is connected in the front-rear direction by the front-rear connecting member 5.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the lower layer sheet 13 provided as necessary is installed only between the joint portions of the left and right connecting members 4 in the main body portion 3 of the inverted U-shaped pipe.

  After the lower layer sheet 13 is stretched, as shown in FIG. 8, the upper layer net sheet 12 is mounted on the upper surface of the lower layer sheet 13 to form the ceiling net sheet material 11. After forming the ceiling mesh sheet material 11, as shown in FIG. 9, the side mesh sheet material 14 is attached to the side surface of the framework 2. Then, the slope and the ridge 21 are provided on the ground surface in the house, and the ground surface is covered with the water-impermeable sheet 20. Outside the house, a reservoir 30 for storing the introduced rainwater and a water supply device 40 for pumping the water from the reservoir and supplying it to the ground in the house are installed.

  The construction cost of the cultivation house of the present invention is extremely low compared to a normal house, specifically, 500,000 to 1,000,000 per 10 square meters, which is 1/3 to 1/10 of a conventional agricultural house. Therefore, the depreciation period is extremely small, which contributes to the agricultural economy. In addition, in the cultivation house of the present invention, as an environment that can be grown only with a net-like sheet material, it is suitable for 9 months from March to November in cold regions and 9 months from October to June in warm regions. Can be cultivated.

It is a general view of the partially cut-out state of the cultivation house in the present invention. Details of the water supply system and reservoir are shown. It is sectional drawing which shows the detail of a ceiling net-like sheet material and a water-impermeable sheet. It is sectional drawing which shows the inundation state of rainwater. It is sectional drawing which shows the drainage state of rainwater. It is a whole perspective view which shows the state which forms a skeleton. It is a whole perspective view which shows the state which installed the lower layer sheet | seat in the frame. It is a whole perspective view which shows the state which installed the upper-layer net-like sheet | seat in the frame. It is a whole perspective view which shows the state which installed the side net-like sheet material in the frame.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation house 2 Frame 3 Main body part 4 Left-right connection material 5 Front-rear connection material 10 Net-like sheet material 11 Ceiling net-like sheet material 12 Upper layer net-like sheet 13 Lower layer sheet 14 Side-face net-like sheet material 15 Recess 20 Impervious sheet 21 畝 22 Recess
23 Convex part 24 Opening part 30 Reservoir 31 Diversion channel 32 Lid 40 Water supply device 41 Water absorption pump 42 Water supply pipe 43 Water supply tube A Three-dimensional space a Crop

Claims (6)

In a cultivation house comprising a framework that forms a three-dimensional space, and a sheet material that covers the periphery of the framework,
The sheet material is made of a reticulated sheet material that allows rainwater to pass through but prevents the invasion of pests, the ground surface in the house is covered with a water-impermeable sheet, and the slope for guiding rainwater in the house in one direction outside the house Is located inside the house, and a reservoir for storing the introduced rainwater and a water supply device for pumping the water from the reservoir and supplying it to the ground inside the house are installed outside the house. House for cultivation.   The mesh of the mesh sheet material covering the ceiling part is 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm, and the mesh of the mesh sheet material covering the side part is 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm. House for cultivation.   The frame has an inverted U-shaped pipe that is continuous in the front-rear and left-right direction and a connecting pipe that connects the inverted U-shaped pipes on the left and right sides, and the ceiling portion is below the mesh sheet material and is connected in the front-rear direction. The cultivation house according to claim 1, wherein only a portion between the joints of the connection pipe in the main body portion of the pipe is covered with a lower layer sheet.   The cultivation house according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a basin for collecting rainwater is provided on the surface of the house.   The cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water supply device includes a water absorption pump that pumps up water in the reservoir, and a water supply pipe that supplies the water pumped up from the water absorption pump to the ground in the house. House.   The cultivation house according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a lid is disposed on an upper surface of the reservoir.